history of diabetes, a family history of premature heart attacks and strokes, a history of polycystic ovaries, hirsutism (excessive facial hair), diabetes, prior history of heart attack and/or stroke, impaired glucose tolerance test, history of gestational diabetes, history of having children born heaver than 9 pounds, and a smoking history.

Metabolic syndrome is easy to diagnose and new treatments are available which can change the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and diabetes.

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• Get up slowly from lying or sitting, as low blood pressure can cause dizziness.
• Install sturdy handrails on both sides of all stairways.
• Mark the first and last steps with bright or fluorescent non-skid tape.
• Use the maximum recommended wattage for light fixtures to ensure adequate lighting in every room.
• Do not walk across a dark room.  Place lights within easy reach when entering each room and in halls, as well as both the top and bottom of stairways.
• Keep all floor surfaces free of clutter and objects that may cause a fall.
• Install a telephone in as many rooms as possible so it will be easily accessible in case of a fall.
• Consider using a cordless or mobile phone to avoid rushing to answer the phone, and to call for help if a fall occurs.
• Avoid walking around in stocking feet, especially on wood, linoleum, tile, or marble floors.
• When entering rooms, be aware of differences in floor levels and thresholds.
• Train pets not to sit in areas where people walk; stepping on a cat or dog can cause a fall.

• Keep low furniture, such as footstools and coffee tables, out of traffic areas.
• Remove electric cords and telephone wires from walkways.
• Buy chairs and couches that are easy to get in and out of.
• Cover slippery surfaces with carpets or rugs backed with non-skid material.

• Store frequently used items in easy-to-reach cupboards to eliminate the need to climb ladders or stools.
• Use a long-handled grasping device to reach objects on high shelves.
• If a stepping-stool is used, make certain it is a sturdy one with a handrail and wide steps.
• Avoid floor wax, or use non-skid wax.  Keep floor surfaces smooth, but not slippery.
• Use only throw rugs that have non-skid backing.
• Clean up spills immediately, and allow the area to dry before walking over it.