INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (579,1,'2012-10-21 00:06:47','2012-10-21 00:06:47','Below you\'ll find a brief overview of Spanish wines, including a general introduction, wine law, and grape varieties.  This is the more detailed info for those who are looking for some background.\r\n\r\nI\'ve also created a great practical guide to how styles of Spanish wine, identifying the Spanish wines you like by grape or region, finding the best values and where you can find them.  To get this useful guide just sign up for my monthly newsletter here.  In my newsletter, I\'ll give you an update on the latest on Spanish wine and food and some top wine picks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTop Ten of Spanish wine...or a total simplification of Spanish wine!  ....but useful sometimes...\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSuper dynamic wine market\r\n\r\nGetting world recognition\r\n\r\nLots of change in every corner of the country!\r\n\r\nHuge wine producer\r\n\r\nMost vineyards in the world\r\n\r\n3rd in wine production\r\n\r\nRed wine country\r\n\r\nSome of the top red wines in the world\r\n\r\nWhites wines\r\n\r\nAttractive, great value…improving rapidly\r\n\r\nIn Spain wines ordered by region, not by grape variety\r\n\r\n70+ designated wine regions or wine appellations (Denominacion de Origen (DO))\r\n\r\nMost important: Rioja, Ribera del Duero, Priorat\r\n\r\nMany rising stars: Jumilla, Toro, Bierzo, La Mancha etc.\r\n\r\nAging designations on label: crianza, reserva,  gran reserva\r\n\r\nMost important grape variety: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nMore than 600 indigenous grape varieties…but only 20 commercially important today\r\n\r\nMore and more international varieties:  Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Chardonnay etc.\r\n\r\nSpanish people drinking much less but drinking higher quality wine\r\n\r\nExports very important…40%\r\n\r\nTop customers are:  UK, Germany, U.S.\r\n\r\nTendencies:\r\n\r\nOld vines\r\n\r\nSingle vineyards/terroir wines\r\n\r\nInternational grapes and unique indigenous grapes\r\n\r\nCriticism: Blockbuster wines…High alcohol, super extracted, over-oaked\r\n\r\nCriticism: Wines to wine points from wine critics (Parker effect), comercial wines\r\n\r\nless appellation wines\r\n\r\nless wines in traditional categories such as crianza, reserva and gran reserva\r\n\r\nConclusion:  Very high quality, consistency and still excellent prices.\r\n\r\nBest value wines in the world!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine in Brief...a little more detail!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLong history of winemaking (3000 years!)\r\n\r\nMost vineyards of any country in the world (15.5%)\r\n\r\nThird in world wine production after France and Italy (13%)\r\n\r\nJust over 50% of wine production is red\r\n\r\nMore than 600 indigenous grape varieties\r\n\r\nBut just 20 of them account for 80% of wine production\r\n\r\nTempranillo:  most important red grape in terms of quality and quantity\r\n\r\nMany other indigenous grapes used\r\n\r\nMencía, Monastrell, Bobal, Albariño, Verdejo, Viura etc. etc.\r\n\r\nInternational grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon on the rise\r\n\r\nVineyards in all 17 autonomous regions\r\n\r\nLa Mancha: (the greatest surface area of vines in the world)\r\n\r\nRioja:  most densely planted in Spain\r\n\r\n60% of production is table wine, 40% is quality wine\r\n\r\nClassification system for quality wine based on regional wine appellations\r\n\r\nThere are over 70 Denominación de Origen (DO) spread throughout Spain\r\n\r\nDO: wine appellation with strict rules controlling wine production\r\n\r\nDO wines often have indication of oak aging:  crianza, reserva, gran reserva\r\n\r\nOther categories of quality wine: DOCA, VCIG, Vino de Pago\r\n\r\nLesser classifications are now being used for some top wines\r\n\r\nUsed by winemakers looking for more freedom\r\n\r\nVino de la Tierra and Vino de Mesa\r\n\r\nOver 40% of Spanish production is exported (increasing)\r\n\r\nTop customers:  UK, Germany, USA\r\n\r\nSpain also has amazing cavas, dessert wines, and fortified wines at great values\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSome opinions (mine!)\r\n\r\nA red wine country\r\n\r\nRed wines are amongst the top in the world\r\n\r\nGood value, inexpensive whites dominate\r\n\r\nHigher quality whites coming on slowly\r\n\r\nIn full revolution\r\n\r\nGreat wines being made in every corner of Spain\r\n\r\nControversy of international styles vs traditional styles\r\n\r\nClassic regions face more competition\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero and Rioja still dominant in internal market\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero: quality reds but pricey\r\n\r\nRioja: a confusing variety of styles\r\n\r\nWine consumption trends\r\n\r\nSpaniards drinking less wine but better quality\r\n\r\nExport market becoming more and more important\r\n\r\nTendencies\r\n\r\nTechnology in the vineyard and winery\r\n\r\nSingle-vineyard wines (the idea of terroir)\r\n\r\nTrendy for rich and famous to get into making wine\r\n\r\nMore international styles: wines to please wine critics\r\n\r\nMore regional styles also trendy\r\n\r\nBlockbuster style:  more everything--alcohol, fruit, tannin, oak\r\n\r\nPrices still good but rising quickly\r\n\r\nMore international prestige but still behind France and Italy\r\n\r\nMore marketing needed!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBottom line:\r\n\r\nOutstanding variety and quality at all price ranges…best value wines in Western Europe!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Law\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ncut and paste table\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Regions\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDOCa Rioja\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRioja, Basque Country, Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge area known for red and some whites\r\n\r\nThree sub zones\r\n\r\nRioja Alta and Alavesa\r\n\r\nRioja Baja\r\n\r\nMost densely planted area in Spain\r\n\r\nClassic wine region that led the way\r\n\r\nBrought French influence in 19th century\r\n\r\nMost famous Spanish wine region internationally\r\n\r\nDO created in 1925 (1st)\r\n\r\nDOCa since 1991\r\n\r\n65,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMore than 550 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grape: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nAlso: Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano\r\n\r\nExperimental grape: Cabernet Sauvignon\r\n\r\nSomewhat of an identity crisis\r\n\r\nModern vs traditional\r\n\r\nMild climatological conditions\r\n\r\nAtlantic influence\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla Leon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVery important wine region with five important DOs\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\nDO Cigales\r\n\r\nAlso very important production of Vino de la Tierra de Castilla Leon\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO since 1982\r\n\r\nConsidered to produce some of the finest red wines in Spain\r\n\r\nTrendy and fast-growing areas\r\n\r\nPrices can be quite high\r\n\r\n8,000 ha of vineyards and over 178 wineries.\r\n\r\nGrape variety:  Tinto Fino, a variant of Tempranillo\r\n\r\nClimate: Continental with some Med influences\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nSmall wine region (6000ha) with 36 wineries\r\n\r\nWhite wines from Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc\r\n\r\nCreated in 1980 for whites\r\n\r\nSince 2001 open to reds\r\n\r\nThe wines are attractive modern, cold-fermented whites\r\n\r\nThe climate is wind-swept continental\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nGained fame over last ten years\r\n\r\nPowerful red wines\r\n\r\nSome good value wines, but many more expensive now\r\n\r\nSmall DO created in 1987: 34 wineries\r\n\r\nMain varietal: Tinta de Toro (Tempranillo)\r\n\r\nContinental climate\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\n“Gateway to Galicia”: Currently high profile\r\n\r\nSmall red and white producing area\r\n\r\nDO created in 1988: 39 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grapes: Mencía and Godello\r\n\r\nMild climate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCataluña\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region with 12 DOs with many climatic and geographic variations\r\n\r\n1999: a region DO called DO Cataluña\r\n\r\nStrongest on whites but also great reds\r\n\r\nWidespread use of indigenous varieties\r\n\r\nWidespread use of French varieties\r\n\r\n90% of Cava produced here\r\n\r\nKey in spread of modern equipment and techniques\r\n\r\nAll of the DOs are improving dramatically\r\n\r\nDO Penedés\r\n\r\nImportant DO since 1960:  150 wineries\r\n\r\nImportant innovator in wine\r\n\r\nCenter of Cava production\r\n\r\nAlso elegant whites and reds\r\n\r\nDOCa Priorat\r\n\r\nSmall, exclusive DO since 1954: 26 wineries\r\n\r\nVery expensive wines\r\n\r\nFamous for huge, mineral red wines\r\n\r\nUnique soils: licorella\r\n\r\nUse of Garnacha and Cariñena with French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Montsant\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Priorat…less expensive\r\n\r\nDO Terra Alta\r\n\r\nStill rustic at times…similar potential to Priorat\r\n\r\nDO Alella\r\n\r\nTiny coastal DO: mostly known for whites\r\n\r\nDO Apurdán-Costa Brava\r\n\r\nSmall coastal DO known traditionally for rosados\r\n\r\nDO Concá de Barbera\r\n\r\nMedium size interior DO used as source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Costers de Segre\r\n\r\nSmall interior DO used a source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Plá de Bagés\r\n\r\nTiny interior DO known for crisp whites\r\n\r\nDO Tarragona\r\n\r\nLarge coastal/interior DO makes a wide variety of wines\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla La Mancha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region: one of the biggest in the world\r\n\r\n9 DOs:  more being created\r\n\r\nVery hot region producing Mediterranean style red wines\r\n\r\nVery good value and improving quality\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine still!\r\n\r\nVery good Vinos de la Tierra de Castilla\r\n\r\nAlso several Vinos de Pago\r\n\r\nDO La Mancha\r\n\r\nEnormous DO making good quality wine from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nDO Valdepeñas\r\n\r\nVery large DO making traditional wines from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nOther DOs\r\n\r\nDO Almansa, DO Manchela, DO Méntrida, DO Mondéjar, DO Riber del Júcar\r\n\r\nDO Vinos de Madrid\r\n\r\nNot technically La Mancha, but similar situation and similar wines\r\n\r\nImproving...but best wines are expensive\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n9.  Introduction to Spanish Denominations cont\'d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAragon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge region with 4 DOs\r\n\r\nOne is very high quality, the other three improving rapidly\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine made here\r\n\r\nExcellent climate for high quality wine\r\n\r\nDO Somontano\r\n\r\nSmall, but growing DO with excellent quality\r\n\r\nVery good prices\r\n\r\nElegant, varied wines from indigenous and French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Calatayud\r\n\r\nMedium DO still rustic but interesting old-vine Garnacha and cavas\r\n\r\nDO Cariñena\r\n\r\nLarge DO making lots of jug wine and some interesting old-vine Garnacha\r\n\r\nDO Campo de Borja\r\n\r\nMedium DO with lots of Garnacha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGalicia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMild, wet region known for interesting whites with 5 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Rias Baixas\r\n\r\nTop quality, small DO making whites from Albariño\r\n\r\nHumidity, rain, main challenges\r\n\r\nNo bulk wine allowed\r\n\r\nWines can be pricy\r\n\r\nDO Valdeorras\r\n\r\nHigh quality small DO on border with Leon\r\n\r\nEastern, sheltered location gives more full-bodied whites and reds from Godello and Mencía\r\n\r\nDO Monterei\r\n\r\nHot, sheltered, tiny DO makes mostly reds\r\n\r\nDO Ribeiro\r\n\r\nSmall, coastal DO makes light, spritzy, blended whites\r\n\r\nDO Ribera Sacra\r\n\r\nSmall DO making traditional Galician whites\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNavarra and Basque Country\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nOne large DO and 3 tiny ones\r\n\r\nDO Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge DO making some very good wines: 109 wineries\r\n\r\nUse of a lot of indigenous and foreign grapes\r\n\r\nReputation built on rosés\r\n\r\nNow many more interesting reds and whites\r\n\r\nCross between continental and Atlantic climate\r\n\r\nDO Txacoli\r\n\r\nThree separate DOs: Alava, Getaria, Vizcaya\r\n\r\nMaking vinho verde style wines from local varieties\r\n\r\nHondarribi Zuri and Hondarribi Beltza\r\n\r\nMost are easy-drinking quaffers, but a few more serious wines being made now\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nValencia and Murcia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge jug wine areas now making very interesting wines\r\n\r\nMurcia:  3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Jumilla\r\n\r\nEnormous DO with growing reputation for quality wines\r\n\r\nRed, quality wines based on Monastrell\r\n\r\nInteresting dessert wines\r\n\r\nDO Bullas\r\n\r\nSmall DO with higher altitude makes some interesting reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Yecla\r\n\r\nMedium DO similar to Jumilla\r\n\r\nValencia: 3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Valencia\r\n\r\nLarge DO making mostly insipid whites, but has potential for reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Utiel Requena\r\n\r\nHuge DO making lots of red jug wine\r\n\r\nVery good wines being made from Bobal\r\n\r\nDO Alicante\r\n\r\nLarge DO traditionally know for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNow making good reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nExtremadura\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge DO (Ribera del Guadiana) making mostly jug wines\r\n\r\nGood potential but little results\r\n\r\nBest results in whites, though reds should be better\r\n\r\nMany grapes varieties:  Tempranillo and Garnacha dominate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBalearics\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTiny production\r\n\r\nMost wine made for local tourist consumption\r\n\r\nCheap and cheerful\r\n\r\nSome quality red wine made but quite pricy\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Callet, Fogoneu, Manto Negro\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCanaries\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMedium production made for tourist industry\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Listran and Malvasia\r\n\r\nWhites much better than reds\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAndalucia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMostly fortified wines, but some interesting table wines being made in Malaga and around Granada\r\n\r\nDO Jerez\r\n\r\nLarge DO of 10,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMakes of fortified white wines of many types\r\n\r\nGrapes:\r\n\r\nPalomino for dry sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNon-vintage wines made in criadera and solera systems\r\n\r\nLike cava and champagne\r\n\r\nTo preserve house style\r\n\r\nFinos and Manzanillas\r\n\r\nMade in reductive style under protective \"flor\"\r\n\r\nDry and fresh\r\n\r\nAmontillado\r\n\r\nAged Fino\r\n\r\nHas oxidative notes plus freshness of Fino\r\n\r\nOloroso:\r\n\r\nSolera without flor\r\n\r\nOxidized style:  nutty, brown\r\n\r\nAll start out dry:  some have PX added for sweetness\r\n\r\nPalo Cortado\r\n\r\nRarest style\r\n\r\nCross between Oloroso and Amontillado\r\n\r\nHas flor for short time\r\n\r\nSweet sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX dried to raisins\r\n\r\nUsed as varietal wines and blenders\r\n\r\nDO Montilla Moriles\r\n\r\nVery similar wines to sherry but using PX as base wine\r\n\r\nWhole range from Fino to sweet stickies\r\n\r\nDO Malaga\r\n\r\nFortified dessert wines from Moscatel and PX\r\n\r\nDO Huelva\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Jerez\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDO Cava\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nA style DO, not geographic\r\n\r\nSparkling wine made in Champenoise style\r\n\r\nMostly white, some rosé\r\n\r\nTop sales in world before champagne\r\n\r\nProduced in 160 municipalities\r\n\r\nCataluña:  90% of cava made here\r\n\r\nOther provinces:  Rioja, Valencia, Extremadura, Aragon\r\n\r\nThree traditional grapes:  Macabeo, Parellada, Xarel.lo\r\n\r\nOther grapes:  Chardonnay, Monastrell, Pinot Noir\r\n\r\nTendency:  use of more French varieties\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Grape Varieties\r\n\r\nThere is no doubt that the great red grape, Tempranillo,  is king in Spain....it is by far the most important grape variety in terms of quality wine production and respect.  It sometimes seems people would prefer to drink a bad Tempranillo than order another grape variety! Tempranillo is a wonderful variety and offers a great variety of wines depending on the region and the local variant of the grape.  Though considering by many experts a \"noble\" grape\", some also would perhaps criticize Tempranillo for its lack of a distinct personality that shines trough in any terroir.\r\n\r\nTimes are changing and this is a good thing because Spain has some really interesting indigenous varieties other than Tempranillo. Spain does not have the rich diversity of indigenous varieties that is seen in italy or Portugal.  Many varieties were lost or reduced to non-commercial levels after the phyloxera blight at the end of the 19th century.  Much of the replanting was done with easier varietals and eventually with Tempranillo.  Luckily today there is some interest in reviving some of the local obscure varietals.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile some of the great red varieties to watch out for are:  Garnacha (Grenache), Mencia, Bobal, Monastrell (Mourvedre) etc.\r\n\r\nOutstanding white varieties include: Verdejo, Godello, Albariño, Viura, and Palomino\r\n\r\nYou can also find the all usual international grapes planted in Spain and being made into mediocre to very good wine.\r\n\r\nFor more detail on the major indigenous Spanish varietals see <a href=\"http://planetavino.net/newsite/spanish-grape-varieties/\">here</a>...\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Intro to Spanish Wine','','inherit','open','open','','338-revision-3','','','2012-10-21 00:06:47','2012-10-21 00:06:47','',338,'http://planetavino.net/newsite/338-revision-3/',0,'revision','',0),(580,1,'2012-10-21 00:07:23','2012-10-21 00:07:23','Below you\'ll find a brief overview of Spanish wines, including a general introduction, wine law, and grape varieties.  This is the more detailed info for those who are looking for some background.\r\n\r\nI\'ve also created a great practical guide to how styles of Spanish wine, identifying the Spanish wines you like by grape or region, finding the best values and where you can find them.  To get this useful guide just sign up for my monthly newsletter here.  In my newsletter, I\'ll give you an update on the latest on Spanish wine and food and some top wine picks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTop Ten of Spanish wine...or a total simplification of Spanish wine!  ....but useful sometimes...\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSuper dynamic wine market\r\n\r\nGetting world recognition\r\n\r\nLots of change in every corner of the country!\r\n\r\nHuge wine producer\r\n\r\nMost vineyards in the world\r\n\r\n3rd in wine production\r\n\r\nRed wine country\r\n\r\nSome of the top red wines in the world\r\n\r\nWhites wines\r\n\r\nAttractive, great value…improving rapidly\r\n\r\nIn Spain wines ordered by region, not by grape variety\r\n\r\n70+ designated wine regions or wine appellations (Denominacion de Origen (DO))\r\n\r\nMost important: Rioja, Ribera del Duero, Priorat\r\n\r\nMany rising stars: Jumilla, Toro, Bierzo, La Mancha etc.\r\n\r\nAging designations on label: crianza, reserva,  gran reserva\r\n\r\nMost important grape variety: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nMore than 600 indigenous grape varieties…but only 20 commercially important today\r\n\r\nMore and more international varieties:  Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Chardonnay etc.\r\n\r\nSpanish people drinking much less but drinking higher quality wine\r\n\r\nExports very important…40%\r\n\r\nTop customers are:  UK, Germany, U.S.\r\n\r\nTendencies:\r\n\r\nOld vines\r\n\r\nSingle vineyards/terroir wines\r\n\r\nInternational grapes and unique indigenous grapes\r\n\r\nCriticism: Blockbuster wines…High alcohol, super extracted, over-oaked\r\n\r\nCriticism: Wines to wine points from wine critics (Parker effect), comercial wines\r\n\r\nless appellation wines\r\n\r\nless wines in traditional categories such as crianza, reserva and gran reserva\r\n\r\nConclusion:  Very high quality, consistency and still excellent prices.\r\n\r\nBest value wines in the world!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine in Brief...a little more detail!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLong history of winemaking (3000 years!)\r\n\r\nMost vineyards of any country in the world (15.5%)\r\n\r\nThird in world wine production after France and Italy (13%)\r\n\r\nJust over 50% of wine production is red\r\n\r\nMore than 600 indigenous grape varieties\r\n\r\nBut just 20 of them account for 80% of wine production\r\n\r\nTempranillo:  most important red grape in terms of quality and quantity\r\n\r\nMany other indigenous grapes used\r\n\r\nMencía, Monastrell, Bobal, Albariño, Verdejo, Viura etc. etc.\r\n\r\nInternational grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon on the rise\r\n\r\nVineyards in all 17 autonomous regions\r\n\r\nLa Mancha: (the greatest surface area of vines in the world)\r\n\r\nRioja:  most densely planted in Spain\r\n\r\n60% of production is table wine, 40% is quality wine\r\n\r\nClassification system for quality wine based on regional wine appellations\r\n\r\nThere are over 70 Denominación de Origen (DO) spread throughout Spain\r\n\r\nDO: wine appellation with strict rules controlling wine production\r\n\r\nDO wines often have indication of oak aging:  crianza, reserva, gran reserva\r\n\r\nOther categories of quality wine: DOCA, VCIG, Vino de Pago\r\n\r\nLesser classifications are now being used for some top wines\r\n\r\nUsed by winemakers looking for more freedom\r\n\r\nVino de la Tierra and Vino de Mesa\r\n\r\nOver 40% of Spanish production is exported (increasing)\r\n\r\nTop customers:  UK, Germany, USA\r\n\r\nSpain also has amazing cavas, dessert wines, and fortified wines at great values\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSome opinions (mine!)\r\n\r\nA red wine country\r\n\r\nRed wines are amongst the top in the world\r\n\r\nGood value, inexpensive whites dominate\r\n\r\nHigher quality whites coming on slowly\r\n\r\nIn full revolution\r\n\r\nGreat wines being made in every corner of Spain\r\n\r\nControversy of international styles vs traditional styles\r\n\r\nClassic regions face more competition\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero and Rioja still dominant in internal market\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero: quality reds but pricey\r\n\r\nRioja: a confusing variety of styles\r\n\r\nWine consumption trends\r\n\r\nSpaniards drinking less wine but better quality\r\n\r\nExport market becoming more and more important\r\n\r\nTendencies\r\n\r\nTechnology in the vineyard and winery\r\n\r\nSingle-vineyard wines (the idea of terroir)\r\n\r\nTrendy for rich and famous to get into making wine\r\n\r\nMore international styles: wines to please wine critics\r\n\r\nMore regional styles also trendy\r\n\r\nBlockbuster style:  more everything--alcohol, fruit, tannin, oak\r\n\r\nPrices still good but rising quickly\r\n\r\nMore international prestige but still behind France and Italy\r\n\r\nMore marketing needed!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBottom line:\r\n\r\nOutstanding variety and quality at all price ranges…best value wines in Western Europe!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Law\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ncut and paste table\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Regions\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDOCa Rioja\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRioja, Basque Country, Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge area known for red and some whites\r\n\r\nThree sub zones\r\n\r\nRioja Alta and Alavesa\r\n\r\nRioja Baja\r\n\r\nMost densely planted area in Spain\r\n\r\nClassic wine region that led the way\r\n\r\nBrought French influence in 19th century\r\n\r\nMost famous Spanish wine region internationally\r\n\r\nDO created in 1925 (1st)\r\n\r\nDOCa since 1991\r\n\r\n65,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMore than 550 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grape: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nAlso: Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano\r\n\r\nExperimental grape: Cabernet Sauvignon\r\n\r\nSomewhat of an identity crisis\r\n\r\nModern vs traditional\r\n\r\nMild climatological conditions\r\n\r\nAtlantic influence\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla Leon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVery important wine region with five important DOs\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\nDO Cigales\r\n\r\nAlso very important production of Vino de la Tierra de Castilla Leon\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO since 1982\r\n\r\nConsidered to produce some of the finest red wines in Spain\r\n\r\nTrendy and fast-growing areas\r\n\r\nPrices can be quite high\r\n\r\n8,000 ha of vineyards and over 178 wineries.\r\n\r\nGrape variety:  Tinto Fino, a variant of Tempranillo\r\n\r\nClimate: Continental with some Med influences\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nSmall wine region (6000ha) with 36 wineries\r\n\r\nWhite wines from Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc\r\n\r\nCreated in 1980 for whites\r\n\r\nSince 2001 open to reds\r\n\r\nThe wines are attractive modern, cold-fermented whites\r\n\r\nThe climate is wind-swept continental\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nGained fame over last ten years\r\n\r\nPowerful red wines\r\n\r\nSome good value wines, but many more expensive now\r\n\r\nSmall DO created in 1987: 34 wineries\r\n\r\nMain varietal: Tinta de Toro (Tempranillo)\r\n\r\nContinental climate\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\n“Gateway to Galicia”: Currently high profile\r\n\r\nSmall red and white producing area\r\n\r\nDO created in 1988: 39 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grapes: Mencía and Godello\r\n\r\nMild climate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCataluña\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region with 12 DOs with many climatic and geographic variations\r\n\r\n1999: a region DO called DO Cataluña\r\n\r\nStrongest on whites but also great reds\r\n\r\nWidespread use of indigenous varieties\r\n\r\nWidespread use of French varieties\r\n\r\n90% of Cava produced here\r\n\r\nKey in spread of modern equipment and techniques\r\n\r\nAll of the DOs are improving dramatically\r\n\r\nDO Penedés\r\n\r\nImportant DO since 1960:  150 wineries\r\n\r\nImportant innovator in wine\r\n\r\nCenter of Cava production\r\n\r\nAlso elegant whites and reds\r\n\r\nDOCa Priorat\r\n\r\nSmall, exclusive DO since 1954: 26 wineries\r\n\r\nVery expensive wines\r\n\r\nFamous for huge, mineral red wines\r\n\r\nUnique soils: licorella\r\n\r\nUse of Garnacha and Cariñena with French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Montsant\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Priorat…less expensive\r\n\r\nDO Terra Alta\r\n\r\nStill rustic at times…similar potential to Priorat\r\n\r\nDO Alella\r\n\r\nTiny coastal DO: mostly known for whites\r\n\r\nDO Apurdán-Costa Brava\r\n\r\nSmall coastal DO known traditionally for rosados\r\n\r\nDO Concá de Barbera\r\n\r\nMedium size interior DO used as source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Costers de Segre\r\n\r\nSmall interior DO used a source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Plá de Bagés\r\n\r\nTiny interior DO known for crisp whites\r\n\r\nDO Tarragona\r\n\r\nLarge coastal/interior DO makes a wide variety of wines\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla La Mancha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region: one of the biggest in the world\r\n\r\n9 DOs:  more being created\r\n\r\nVery hot region producing Mediterranean style red wines\r\n\r\nVery good value and improving quality\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine still!\r\n\r\nVery good Vinos de la Tierra de Castilla\r\n\r\nAlso several Vinos de Pago\r\n\r\nDO La Mancha\r\n\r\nEnormous DO making good quality wine from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nDO Valdepeñas\r\n\r\nVery large DO making traditional wines from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nOther DOs\r\n\r\nDO Almansa, DO Manchela, DO Méntrida, DO Mondéjar, DO Riber del Júcar\r\n\r\nDO Vinos de Madrid\r\n\r\nNot technically La Mancha, but similar situation and similar wines\r\n\r\nImproving...but best wines are expensive\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n9.  Introduction to Spanish Denominations cont\'d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAragon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge region with 4 DOs\r\n\r\nOne is very high quality, the other three improving rapidly\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine made here\r\n\r\nExcellent climate for high quality wine\r\n\r\nDO Somontano\r\n\r\nSmall, but growing DO with excellent quality\r\n\r\nVery good prices\r\n\r\nElegant, varied wines from indigenous and French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Calatayud\r\n\r\nMedium DO still rustic but interesting old-vine Garnacha and cavas\r\n\r\nDO Cariñena\r\n\r\nLarge DO making lots of jug wine and some interesting old-vine Garnacha\r\n\r\nDO Campo de Borja\r\n\r\nMedium DO with lots of Garnacha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGalicia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMild, wet region known for interesting whites with 5 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Rias Baixas\r\n\r\nTop quality, small DO making whites from Albariño\r\n\r\nHumidity, rain, main challenges\r\n\r\nNo bulk wine allowed\r\n\r\nWines can be pricy\r\n\r\nDO Valdeorras\r\n\r\nHigh quality small DO on border with Leon\r\n\r\nEastern, sheltered location gives more full-bodied whites and reds from Godello and Mencía\r\n\r\nDO Monterei\r\n\r\nHot, sheltered, tiny DO makes mostly reds\r\n\r\nDO Ribeiro\r\n\r\nSmall, coastal DO makes light, spritzy, blended whites\r\n\r\nDO Ribera Sacra\r\n\r\nSmall DO making traditional Galician whites\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNavarra and Basque Country\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nOne large DO and 3 tiny ones\r\n\r\nDO Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge DO making some very good wines: 109 wineries\r\n\r\nUse of a lot of indigenous and foreign grapes\r\n\r\nReputation built on rosés\r\n\r\nNow many more interesting reds and whites\r\n\r\nCross between continental and Atlantic climate\r\n\r\nDO Txacoli\r\n\r\nThree separate DOs: Alava, Getaria, Vizcaya\r\n\r\nMaking vinho verde style wines from local varieties\r\n\r\nHondarribi Zuri and Hondarribi Beltza\r\n\r\nMost are easy-drinking quaffers, but a few more serious wines being made now\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nValencia and Murcia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge jug wine areas now making very interesting wines\r\n\r\nMurcia:  3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Jumilla\r\n\r\nEnormous DO with growing reputation for quality wines\r\n\r\nRed, quality wines based on Monastrell\r\n\r\nInteresting dessert wines\r\n\r\nDO Bullas\r\n\r\nSmall DO with higher altitude makes some interesting reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Yecla\r\n\r\nMedium DO similar to Jumilla\r\n\r\nValencia: 3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Valencia\r\n\r\nLarge DO making mostly insipid whites, but has potential for reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Utiel Requena\r\n\r\nHuge DO making lots of red jug wine\r\n\r\nVery good wines being made from Bobal\r\n\r\nDO Alicante\r\n\r\nLarge DO traditionally know for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNow making good reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nExtremadura\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge DO (Ribera del Guadiana) making mostly jug wines\r\n\r\nGood potential but little results\r\n\r\nBest results in whites, though reds should be better\r\n\r\nMany grapes varieties:  Tempranillo and Garnacha dominate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBalearics\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTiny production\r\n\r\nMost wine made for local tourist consumption\r\n\r\nCheap and cheerful\r\n\r\nSome quality red wine made but quite pricy\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Callet, Fogoneu, Manto Negro\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCanaries\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMedium production made for tourist industry\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Listran and Malvasia\r\n\r\nWhites much better than reds\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAndalucia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMostly fortified wines, but some interesting table wines being made in Malaga and around Granada\r\n\r\nDO Jerez\r\n\r\nLarge DO of 10,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMakes of fortified white wines of many types\r\n\r\nGrapes:\r\n\r\nPalomino for dry sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNon-vintage wines made in criadera and solera systems\r\n\r\nLike cava and champagne\r\n\r\nTo preserve house style\r\n\r\nFinos and Manzanillas\r\n\r\nMade in reductive style under protective \"flor\"\r\n\r\nDry and fresh\r\n\r\nAmontillado\r\n\r\nAged Fino\r\n\r\nHas oxidative notes plus freshness of Fino\r\n\r\nOloroso:\r\n\r\nSolera without flor\r\n\r\nOxidized style:  nutty, brown\r\n\r\nAll start out dry:  some have PX added for sweetness\r\n\r\nPalo Cortado\r\n\r\nRarest style\r\n\r\nCross between Oloroso and Amontillado\r\n\r\nHas flor for short time\r\n\r\nSweet sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX dried to raisins\r\n\r\nUsed as varietal wines and blenders\r\n\r\nDO Montilla Moriles\r\n\r\nVery similar wines to sherry but using PX as base wine\r\n\r\nWhole range from Fino to sweet stickies\r\n\r\nDO Malaga\r\n\r\nFortified dessert wines from Moscatel and PX\r\n\r\nDO Huelva\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Jerez\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDO Cava\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nA style DO, not geographic\r\n\r\nSparkling wine made in Champenoise style\r\n\r\nMostly white, some rosé\r\n\r\nTop sales in world before champagne\r\n\r\nProduced in 160 municipalities\r\n\r\nCataluña:  90% of cava made here\r\n\r\nOther provinces:  Rioja, Valencia, Extremadura, Aragon\r\n\r\nThree traditional grapes:  Macabeo, Parellada, Xarel.lo\r\n\r\nOther grapes:  Chardonnay, Monastrell, Pinot Noir\r\n\r\nTendency:  use of more French varieties\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Grape Varieties\r\n\r\nThere is no doubt that the great red grape, Tempranillo,  is king in Spain....it is by far the most important grape variety in terms of quality wine production and respect.  It sometimes seems people would prefer to drink a bad Tempranillo than order another grape variety! Tempranillo is a wonderful variety and offers a great variety of wines depending on the region and the local variant of the grape.  Though considering by many experts a \"noble\" grape\", some also would perhaps criticize Tempranillo for its lack of a distinct personality that shines trough in any terroir.\r\n\r\nTimes are changing and this is a good thing because Spain has some really interesting indigenous varieties other than Tempranillo. Spain does not have the rich diversity of indigenous varieties that is seen in italy or Portugal.  Many varieties were lost or reduced to non-commercial levels after the phyloxera blight at the end of the 19th century.  Much of the replanting was done with easier varietals and eventually with Tempranillo.  Luckily today there is some interest in reviving some of the local obscure varietals.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile some of the great red varieties to watch out for are:  Garnacha (Grenache), Mencia, Bobal, Monastrell (Mourvedre) etc.\r\n\r\nOutstanding white varieties include: Verdejo, Godello, Albariño, Viura, and Palomino\r\n\r\nYou can also find the all usual international grapes planted in Spain and being made into mediocre to very good wine.\r\n\r\nFor more detail on the major indigenous Spanish varietals see <a href=\"http://planetavino.net/newsite/spanish-grape-varieties/\">here</a>...\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Spain Wine In Brief','','inherit','open','open','','338-revision-4','','','2012-10-21 00:07:23','2012-10-21 00:07:23','',338,'http://planetavino.net/newsite/338-revision-4/',0,'revision','',0),(581,1,'2012-10-21 00:08:43','2012-10-21 00:08:43','Below you\'ll find a brief overview of Spanish wines, including a general introduction, wine law, and grape varieties.  This is the more detailed info for those who are looking for some background.\r\n\r\nI\'ve also created a great practical guide to how styles of Spanish wine, identifying the Spanish wines you like by grape or region, finding the best values and where you can find them.  To get this useful guide just sign up for my monthly newsletter here.  In my newsletter, I\'ll give you an update on the latest on Spanish wine and food and some top wine picks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTop Ten of Spanish wine...or a total simplification of Spanish wine!  ....but useful sometimes...\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSuper dynamic wine market\r\n\r\nGetting world recognition\r\n\r\nLots of change in every corner of the country!\r\n\r\nHuge wine producer\r\n\r\nMost vineyards in the world\r\n\r\n3rd in wine production\r\n\r\nRed wine country\r\n\r\nSome of the top red wines in the world\r\n\r\nWhites wines\r\n\r\nAttractive, great value…improving rapidly\r\n\r\nIn Spain wines ordered by region, not by grape variety\r\n\r\n70+ designated wine regions or wine appellations (Denominacion de Origen (DO))\r\n\r\nMost important: Rioja, Ribera del Duero, Priorat\r\n\r\nMany rising stars: Jumilla, Toro, Bierzo, La Mancha etc.\r\n\r\nAging designations on label: crianza, reserva,  gran reserva\r\n\r\nMost important grape variety: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nMore than 600 indigenous grape varieties…but only 20 commercially important today\r\n\r\nMore and more international varieties:  Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Chardonnay etc.\r\n\r\nSpanish people drinking much less but drinking higher quality wine\r\n\r\nExports very important…40%\r\n\r\nTop customers are:  UK, Germany, U.S.\r\n\r\nTendencies:\r\n\r\nOld vines\r\n\r\nSingle vineyards/terroir wines\r\n\r\nInternational grapes and unique indigenous grapes\r\n\r\nCriticism: Blockbuster wines…High alcohol, super extracted, over-oaked\r\n\r\nCriticism: Wines to wine points from wine critics (Parker effect), comercial wines\r\n\r\nless appellation wines\r\n\r\nless wines in traditional categories such as crianza, reserva and gran reserva\r\n\r\nConclusion:  Very high quality, consistency and still excellent prices.\r\n\r\nBest value wines in the world!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine in Brief...a little more detail!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLong history of winemaking (3000 years!)\r\n\r\nMost vineyards of any country in the world (15.5%)\r\n\r\nThird in world wine production after France and Italy (13%)\r\n\r\nJust over 50% of wine production is red\r\n\r\nMore than 600 indigenous grape varieties\r\n\r\nBut just 20 of them account for 80% of wine production\r\n\r\nTempranillo:  most important red grape in terms of quality and quantity\r\n\r\nMany other indigenous grapes used\r\n\r\nMencía, Monastrell, Bobal, Albariño, Verdejo, Viura etc. etc.\r\n\r\nInternational grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon on the rise\r\n\r\nVineyards in all 17 autonomous regions\r\n\r\nLa Mancha: (the greatest surface area of vines in the world)\r\n\r\nRioja:  most densely planted in Spain\r\n\r\n60% of production is table wine, 40% is quality wine\r\n\r\nClassification system for quality wine based on regional wine appellations\r\n\r\nThere are over 70 Denominación de Origen (DO) spread throughout Spain\r\n\r\nDO: wine appellation with strict rules controlling wine production\r\n\r\nDO wines often have indication of oak aging:  crianza, reserva, gran reserva\r\n\r\nOther categories of quality wine: DOCA, VCIG, Vino de Pago\r\n\r\nLesser classifications are now being used for some top wines\r\n\r\nUsed by winemakers looking for more freedom\r\n\r\nVino de la Tierra and Vino de Mesa\r\n\r\nOver 40% of Spanish production is exported (increasing)\r\n\r\nTop customers:  UK, Germany, USA\r\n\r\nSpain also has amazing cavas, dessert wines, and fortified wines at great values\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSome opinions (mine!)\r\n\r\nA red wine country\r\n\r\nRed wines are amongst the top in the world\r\n\r\nGood value, inexpensive whites dominate\r\n\r\nHigher quality whites coming on slowly\r\n\r\nIn full revolution\r\n\r\nGreat wines being made in every corner of Spain\r\n\r\nControversy of international styles vs traditional styles\r\n\r\nClassic regions face more competition\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero and Rioja still dominant in internal market\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero: quality reds but pricey\r\n\r\nRioja: a confusing variety of styles\r\n\r\nWine consumption trends\r\n\r\nSpaniards drinking less wine but better quality\r\n\r\nExport market becoming more and more important\r\n\r\nTendencies\r\n\r\nTechnology in the vineyard and winery\r\n\r\nSingle-vineyard wines (the idea of terroir)\r\n\r\nTrendy for rich and famous to get into making wine\r\n\r\nMore international styles: wines to please wine critics\r\n\r\nMore regional styles also trendy\r\n\r\nBlockbuster style:  more everything--alcohol, fruit, tannin, oak\r\n\r\nPrices still good but rising quickly\r\n\r\nMore international prestige but still behind France and Italy\r\n\r\nMore marketing needed!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBottom line:\r\n\r\nOutstanding variety and quality at all price ranges…best value wines in Western Europe!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Law\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ncut and paste table\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Regions\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDOCa Rioja\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRioja, Basque Country, Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge area known for red and some whites\r\n\r\nThree sub zones\r\n\r\nRioja Alta and Alavesa\r\n\r\nRioja Baja\r\n\r\nMost densely planted area in Spain\r\n\r\nClassic wine region that led the way\r\n\r\nBrought French influence in 19th century\r\n\r\nMost famous Spanish wine region internationally\r\n\r\nDO created in 1925 (1st)\r\n\r\nDOCa since 1991\r\n\r\n65,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMore than 550 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grape: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nAlso: Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano\r\n\r\nExperimental grape: Cabernet Sauvignon\r\n\r\nSomewhat of an identity crisis\r\n\r\nModern vs traditional\r\n\r\nMild climatological conditions\r\n\r\nAtlantic influence\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla Leon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVery important wine region with five important DOs\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\nDO Cigales\r\n\r\nAlso very important production of Vino de la Tierra de Castilla Leon\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO since 1982\r\n\r\nConsidered to produce some of the finest red wines in Spain\r\n\r\nTrendy and fast-growing areas\r\n\r\nPrices can be quite high\r\n\r\n8,000 ha of vineyards and over 178 wineries.\r\n\r\nGrape variety:  Tinto Fino, a variant of Tempranillo\r\n\r\nClimate: Continental with some Med influences\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nSmall wine region (6000ha) with 36 wineries\r\n\r\nWhite wines from Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc\r\n\r\nCreated in 1980 for whites\r\n\r\nSince 2001 open to reds\r\n\r\nThe wines are attractive modern, cold-fermented whites\r\n\r\nThe climate is wind-swept continental\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nGained fame over last ten years\r\n\r\nPowerful red wines\r\n\r\nSome good value wines, but many more expensive now\r\n\r\nSmall DO created in 1987: 34 wineries\r\n\r\nMain varietal: Tinta de Toro (Tempranillo)\r\n\r\nContinental climate\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\n“Gateway to Galicia”: Currently high profile\r\n\r\nSmall red and white producing area\r\n\r\nDO created in 1988: 39 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grapes: Mencía and Godello\r\n\r\nMild climate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCataluña\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region with 12 DOs with many climatic and geographic variations\r\n\r\n1999: a region DO called DO Cataluña\r\n\r\nStrongest on whites but also great reds\r\n\r\nWidespread use of indigenous varieties\r\n\r\nWidespread use of French varieties\r\n\r\n90% of Cava produced here\r\n\r\nKey in spread of modern equipment and techniques\r\n\r\nAll of the DOs are improving dramatically\r\n\r\nDO Penedés\r\n\r\nImportant DO since 1960:  150 wineries\r\n\r\nImportant innovator in wine\r\n\r\nCenter of Cava production\r\n\r\nAlso elegant whites and reds\r\n\r\nDOCa Priorat\r\n\r\nSmall, exclusive DO since 1954: 26 wineries\r\n\r\nVery expensive wines\r\n\r\nFamous for huge, mineral red wines\r\n\r\nUnique soils: licorella\r\n\r\nUse of Garnacha and Cariñena with French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Montsant\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Priorat…less expensive\r\n\r\nDO Terra Alta\r\n\r\nStill rustic at times…similar potential to Priorat\r\n\r\nDO Alella\r\n\r\nTiny coastal DO: mostly known for whites\r\n\r\nDO Apurdán-Costa Brava\r\n\r\nSmall coastal DO known traditionally for rosados\r\n\r\nDO Concá de Barbera\r\n\r\nMedium size interior DO used as source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Costers de Segre\r\n\r\nSmall interior DO used a source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Plá de Bagés\r\n\r\nTiny interior DO known for crisp whites\r\n\r\nDO Tarragona\r\n\r\nLarge coastal/interior DO makes a wide variety of wines\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla La Mancha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region: one of the biggest in the world\r\n\r\n9 DOs:  more being created\r\n\r\nVery hot region producing Mediterranean style red wines\r\n\r\nVery good value and improving quality\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine still!\r\n\r\nVery good Vinos de la Tierra de Castilla\r\n\r\nAlso several Vinos de Pago\r\n\r\nDO La Mancha\r\n\r\nEnormous DO making good quality wine from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nDO Valdepeñas\r\n\r\nVery large DO making traditional wines from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nOther DOs\r\n\r\nDO Almansa, DO Manchela, DO Méntrida, DO Mondéjar, DO Riber del Júcar\r\n\r\nDO Vinos de Madrid\r\n\r\nNot technically La Mancha, but similar situation and similar wines\r\n\r\nImproving...but best wines are expensive\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n9.  Introduction to Spanish Denominations cont\'d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAragon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge region with 4 DOs\r\n\r\nOne is very high quality, the other three improving rapidly\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine made here\r\n\r\nExcellent climate for high quality wine\r\n\r\nDO Somontano\r\n\r\nSmall, but growing DO with excellent quality\r\n\r\nVery good prices\r\n\r\nElegant, varied wines from indigenous and French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Calatayud\r\n\r\nMedium DO still rustic but interesting old-vine Garnacha and cavas\r\n\r\nDO Cariñena\r\n\r\nLarge DO making lots of jug wine and some interesting old-vine Garnacha\r\n\r\nDO Campo de Borja\r\n\r\nMedium DO with lots of Garnacha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGalicia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMild, wet region known for interesting whites with 5 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Rias Baixas\r\n\r\nTop quality, small DO making whites from Albariño\r\n\r\nHumidity, rain, main challenges\r\n\r\nNo bulk wine allowed\r\n\r\nWines can be pricy\r\n\r\nDO Valdeorras\r\n\r\nHigh quality small DO on border with Leon\r\n\r\nEastern, sheltered location gives more full-bodied whites and reds from Godello and Mencía\r\n\r\nDO Monterei\r\n\r\nHot, sheltered, tiny DO makes mostly reds\r\n\r\nDO Ribeiro\r\n\r\nSmall, coastal DO makes light, spritzy, blended whites\r\n\r\nDO Ribera Sacra\r\n\r\nSmall DO making traditional Galician whites\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNavarra and Basque Country\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nOne large DO and 3 tiny ones\r\n\r\nDO Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge DO making some very good wines: 109 wineries\r\n\r\nUse of a lot of indigenous and foreign grapes\r\n\r\nReputation built on rosés\r\n\r\nNow many more interesting reds and whites\r\n\r\nCross between continental and Atlantic climate\r\n\r\nDO Txacoli\r\n\r\nThree separate DOs: Alava, Getaria, Vizcaya\r\n\r\nMaking vinho verde style wines from local varieties\r\n\r\nHondarribi Zuri and Hondarribi Beltza\r\n\r\nMost are easy-drinking quaffers, but a few more serious wines being made now\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nValencia and Murcia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge jug wine areas now making very interesting wines\r\n\r\nMurcia:  3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Jumilla\r\n\r\nEnormous DO with growing reputation for quality wines\r\n\r\nRed, quality wines based on Monastrell\r\n\r\nInteresting dessert wines\r\n\r\nDO Bullas\r\n\r\nSmall DO with higher altitude makes some interesting reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Yecla\r\n\r\nMedium DO similar to Jumilla\r\n\r\nValencia: 3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Valencia\r\n\r\nLarge DO making mostly insipid whites, but has potential for reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Utiel Requena\r\n\r\nHuge DO making lots of red jug wine\r\n\r\nVery good wines being made from Bobal\r\n\r\nDO Alicante\r\n\r\nLarge DO traditionally know for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNow making good reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nExtremadura\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge DO (Ribera del Guadiana) making mostly jug wines\r\n\r\nGood potential but little results\r\n\r\nBest results in whites, though reds should be better\r\n\r\nMany grapes varieties:  Tempranillo and Garnacha dominate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBalearics\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTiny production\r\n\r\nMost wine made for local tourist consumption\r\n\r\nCheap and cheerful\r\n\r\nSome quality red wine made but quite pricy\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Callet, Fogoneu, Manto Negro\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCanaries\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMedium production made for tourist industry\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Listran and Malvasia\r\n\r\nWhites much better than reds\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAndalucia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMostly fortified wines, but some interesting table wines being made in Malaga and around Granada\r\n\r\nDO Jerez\r\n\r\nLarge DO of 10,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMakes of fortified white wines of many types\r\n\r\nGrapes:\r\n\r\nPalomino for dry sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNon-vintage wines made in criadera and solera systems\r\n\r\nLike cava and champagne\r\n\r\nTo preserve house style\r\n\r\nFinos and Manzanillas\r\n\r\nMade in reductive style under protective \"flor\"\r\n\r\nDry and fresh\r\n\r\nAmontillado\r\n\r\nAged Fino\r\n\r\nHas oxidative notes plus freshness of Fino\r\n\r\nOloroso:\r\n\r\nSolera without flor\r\n\r\nOxidized style:  nutty, brown\r\n\r\nAll start out dry:  some have PX added for sweetness\r\n\r\nPalo Cortado\r\n\r\nRarest style\r\n\r\nCross between Oloroso and Amontillado\r\n\r\nHas flor for short time\r\n\r\nSweet sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX dried to raisins\r\n\r\nUsed as varietal wines and blenders\r\n\r\nDO Montilla Moriles\r\n\r\nVery similar wines to sherry but using PX as base wine\r\n\r\nWhole range from Fino to sweet stickies\r\n\r\nDO Malaga\r\n\r\nFortified dessert wines from Moscatel and PX\r\n\r\nDO Huelva\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Jerez\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDO Cava\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nA style DO, not geographic\r\n\r\nSparkling wine made in Champenoise style\r\n\r\nMostly white, some rosé\r\n\r\nTop sales in world before champagne\r\n\r\nProduced in 160 municipalities\r\n\r\nCataluña:  90% of cava made here\r\n\r\nOther provinces:  Rioja, Valencia, Extremadura, Aragon\r\n\r\nThree traditional grapes:  Macabeo, Parellada, Xarel.lo\r\n\r\nOther grapes:  Chardonnay, Monastrell, Pinot Noir\r\n\r\nTendency:  use of more French varieties\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Spanish Grape Varieties</strong>\r\n\r\nThere is no doubt that the great red grape, Tempranillo,  is king in Spain....it is by far the most important grape variety in terms of quality wine production and respect.  It sometimes seems people would prefer to drink a bad Tempranillo than order another grape variety! Tempranillo is a wonderful variety and offers a great variety of wines depending on the region and the local variant of the grape.  Though considering by many experts a \"noble\" grape\", some also would perhaps criticize Tempranillo for its lack of a distinct personality that shines trough in any terroir.\r\n\r\nTimes are changing and this is a good thing because Spain has some really interesting indigenous varieties other than Tempranillo. Spain does not have the rich diversity of indigenous varieties that is seen in italy or Portugal.  Many varieties were lost or reduced to non-commercial levels after the phyloxera blight at the end of the 19th century.  Much of the replanting was done with easier varietals and eventually with Tempranillo.  Luckily today there is some interest in reviving some of the local obscure varietals.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile some of the great red varieties to watch out for are:  Garnacha (Grenache), Mencia, Bobal, Monastrell (Mourvedre) etc.\r\n\r\nOutstanding white varieties include: Verdejo, Godello, Albariño, Viura, and Palomino\r\n\r\nYou can also find the all usual international grapes planted in Spain and being made into mediocre to very good wine.\r\n\r\nFor more detail on the major indigenous Spanish varietals see <a href=\"http://planetavino.net/newsite/spanish-grape-varieties/\">here</a>...\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Spain Wine In Brief','','inherit','open','open','','338-revision-5','','','2012-10-21 00:08:43','2012-10-21 00:08:43','',338,'http://planetavino.net/newsite/338-revision-5/',0,'revision','',0),(582,1,'2012-10-21 00:11:51','2012-10-21 00:11:51','Below you\'ll find a brief overview of Spanish wines, including a general introduction, wine law, and grape varieties.  This is the more detailed info for those who are looking for some background.\r\n\r\nI\'ve also created a great practical guide to drinking Spanish wine, the styles, identifying the Spanish wines you like by grape or region, figuring the best values and where you can find them.  To get this useful guide just sign up for my monthly newsletter here.  In my newsletter, I\'ll give you an update on the latest on Spanish wine and food and some top wine picks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<h3>Top Ten of Spanish wine</h3>     <strong>...or a total simplification of Spanish wine!  ....but useful sometimes...</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSuper dynamic wine market\r\n\r\nGetting world recognition\r\n\r\nLots of change in every corner of the country!\r\n\r\nHuge wine producer\r\n\r\nMost vineyards in the world\r\n\r\n3rd in wine production\r\n\r\nRed wine country\r\n\r\nSome of the top red wines in the world\r\n\r\nWhites wines\r\n\r\nAttractive, great value…improving rapidly\r\n\r\nIn Spain wines ordered by region, not by grape variety\r\n\r\n70+ designated wine regions or wine appellations (Denominacion de Origen (DO))\r\n\r\nMost important: Rioja, Ribera del Duero, Priorat\r\n\r\nMany rising stars: Jumilla, Toro, Bierzo, La Mancha etc.\r\n\r\nAging designations on label: crianza, reserva,  gran reserva\r\n\r\nMost important grape variety: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nMore than 600 indigenous grape varieties…but only 20 commercially important today\r\n\r\nMore and more international varieties:  Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Chardonnay etc.\r\n\r\nSpanish people drinking much less but drinking higher quality wine\r\n\r\nExports very important…40%\r\n\r\nTop customers are:  UK, Germany, U.S.\r\n\r\nTendencies:\r\n\r\nOld vines\r\n\r\nSingle vineyards/terroir wines\r\n\r\nInternational grapes and unique indigenous grapes\r\n\r\nCriticism: Blockbuster wines…High alcohol, super extracted, over-oaked\r\n\r\nCriticism: Wines to wine points from wine critics (Parker effect), comercial wines\r\n\r\nless appellation wines\r\n\r\nless wines in traditional categories such as crianza, reserva and gran reserva\r\n\r\nConclusion:  Very high quality, consistency and still excellent prices.\r\n\r\nBest value wines in the world!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine in Brief...a little more detail!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLong history of winemaking (3000 years!)\r\n\r\nMost vineyards of any country in the world (15.5%)\r\n\r\nThird in world wine production after France and Italy (13%)\r\n\r\nJust over 50% of wine production is red\r\n\r\nMore than 600 indigenous grape varieties\r\n\r\nBut just 20 of them account for 80% of wine production\r\n\r\nTempranillo:  most important red grape in terms of quality and quantity\r\n\r\nMany other indigenous grapes used\r\n\r\nMencía, Monastrell, Bobal, Albariño, Verdejo, Viura etc. etc.\r\n\r\nInternational grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon on the rise\r\n\r\nVineyards in all 17 autonomous regions\r\n\r\nLa Mancha: (the greatest surface area of vines in the world)\r\n\r\nRioja:  most densely planted in Spain\r\n\r\n60% of production is table wine, 40% is quality wine\r\n\r\nClassification system for quality wine based on regional wine appellations\r\n\r\nThere are over 70 Denominación de Origen (DO) spread throughout Spain\r\n\r\nDO: wine appellation with strict rules controlling wine production\r\n\r\nDO wines often have indication of oak aging:  crianza, reserva, gran reserva\r\n\r\nOther categories of quality wine: DOCA, VCIG, Vino de Pago\r\n\r\nLesser classifications are now being used for some top wines\r\n\r\nUsed by winemakers looking for more freedom\r\n\r\nVino de la Tierra and Vino de Mesa\r\n\r\nOver 40% of Spanish production is exported (increasing)\r\n\r\nTop customers:  UK, Germany, USA\r\n\r\nSpain also has amazing cavas, dessert wines, and fortified wines at great values\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSome opinions (mine!)\r\n\r\nA red wine country\r\n\r\nRed wines are amongst the top in the world\r\n\r\nGood value, inexpensive whites dominate\r\n\r\nHigher quality whites coming on slowly\r\n\r\nIn full revolution\r\n\r\nGreat wines being made in every corner of Spain\r\n\r\nControversy of international styles vs traditional styles\r\n\r\nClassic regions face more competition\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero and Rioja still dominant in internal market\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero: quality reds but pricey\r\n\r\nRioja: a confusing variety of styles\r\n\r\nWine consumption trends\r\n\r\nSpaniards drinking less wine but better quality\r\n\r\nExport market becoming more and more important\r\n\r\nTendencies\r\n\r\nTechnology in the vineyard and winery\r\n\r\nSingle-vineyard wines (the idea of terroir)\r\n\r\nTrendy for rich and famous to get into making wine\r\n\r\nMore international styles: wines to please wine critics\r\n\r\nMore regional styles also trendy\r\n\r\nBlockbuster style:  more everything--alcohol, fruit, tannin, oak\r\n\r\nPrices still good but rising quickly\r\n\r\nMore international prestige but still behind France and Italy\r\n\r\nMore marketing needed!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBottom line:\r\n\r\nOutstanding variety and quality at all price ranges…best value wines in Western Europe!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Law\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ncut and paste table\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Regions\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDOCa Rioja\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRioja, Basque Country, Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge area known for red and some whites\r\n\r\nThree sub zones\r\n\r\nRioja Alta and Alavesa\r\n\r\nRioja Baja\r\n\r\nMost densely planted area in Spain\r\n\r\nClassic wine region that led the way\r\n\r\nBrought French influence in 19th century\r\n\r\nMost famous Spanish wine region internationally\r\n\r\nDO created in 1925 (1st)\r\n\r\nDOCa since 1991\r\n\r\n65,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMore than 550 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grape: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nAlso: Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano\r\n\r\nExperimental grape: Cabernet Sauvignon\r\n\r\nSomewhat of an identity crisis\r\n\r\nModern vs traditional\r\n\r\nMild climatological conditions\r\n\r\nAtlantic influence\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla Leon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVery important wine region with five important DOs\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\nDO Cigales\r\n\r\nAlso very important production of Vino de la Tierra de Castilla Leon\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO since 1982\r\n\r\nConsidered to produce some of the finest red wines in Spain\r\n\r\nTrendy and fast-growing areas\r\n\r\nPrices can be quite high\r\n\r\n8,000 ha of vineyards and over 178 wineries.\r\n\r\nGrape variety:  Tinto Fino, a variant of Tempranillo\r\n\r\nClimate: Continental with some Med influences\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nSmall wine region (6000ha) with 36 wineries\r\n\r\nWhite wines from Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc\r\n\r\nCreated in 1980 for whites\r\n\r\nSince 2001 open to reds\r\n\r\nThe wines are attractive modern, cold-fermented whites\r\n\r\nThe climate is wind-swept continental\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nGained fame over last ten years\r\n\r\nPowerful red wines\r\n\r\nSome good value wines, but many more expensive now\r\n\r\nSmall DO created in 1987: 34 wineries\r\n\r\nMain varietal: Tinta de Toro (Tempranillo)\r\n\r\nContinental climate\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\n“Gateway to Galicia”: Currently high profile\r\n\r\nSmall red and white producing area\r\n\r\nDO created in 1988: 39 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grapes: Mencía and Godello\r\n\r\nMild climate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCataluña\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region with 12 DOs with many climatic and geographic variations\r\n\r\n1999: a region DO called DO Cataluña\r\n\r\nStrongest on whites but also great reds\r\n\r\nWidespread use of indigenous varieties\r\n\r\nWidespread use of French varieties\r\n\r\n90% of Cava produced here\r\n\r\nKey in spread of modern equipment and techniques\r\n\r\nAll of the DOs are improving dramatically\r\n\r\nDO Penedés\r\n\r\nImportant DO since 1960:  150 wineries\r\n\r\nImportant innovator in wine\r\n\r\nCenter of Cava production\r\n\r\nAlso elegant whites and reds\r\n\r\nDOCa Priorat\r\n\r\nSmall, exclusive DO since 1954: 26 wineries\r\n\r\nVery expensive wines\r\n\r\nFamous for huge, mineral red wines\r\n\r\nUnique soils: licorella\r\n\r\nUse of Garnacha and Cariñena with French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Montsant\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Priorat…less expensive\r\n\r\nDO Terra Alta\r\n\r\nStill rustic at times…similar potential to Priorat\r\n\r\nDO Alella\r\n\r\nTiny coastal DO: mostly known for whites\r\n\r\nDO Apurdán-Costa Brava\r\n\r\nSmall coastal DO known traditionally for rosados\r\n\r\nDO Concá de Barbera\r\n\r\nMedium size interior DO used as source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Costers de Segre\r\n\r\nSmall interior DO used a source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Plá de Bagés\r\n\r\nTiny interior DO known for crisp whites\r\n\r\nDO Tarragona\r\n\r\nLarge coastal/interior DO makes a wide variety of wines\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla La Mancha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region: one of the biggest in the world\r\n\r\n9 DOs:  more being created\r\n\r\nVery hot region producing Mediterranean style red wines\r\n\r\nVery good value and improving quality\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine still!\r\n\r\nVery good Vinos de la Tierra de Castilla\r\n\r\nAlso several Vinos de Pago\r\n\r\nDO La Mancha\r\n\r\nEnormous DO making good quality wine from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nDO Valdepeñas\r\n\r\nVery large DO making traditional wines from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nOther DOs\r\n\r\nDO Almansa, DO Manchela, DO Méntrida, DO Mondéjar, DO Riber del Júcar\r\n\r\nDO Vinos de Madrid\r\n\r\nNot technically La Mancha, but similar situation and similar wines\r\n\r\nImproving...but best wines are expensive\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n9.  Introduction to Spanish Denominations cont\'d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAragon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge region with 4 DOs\r\n\r\nOne is very high quality, the other three improving rapidly\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine made here\r\n\r\nExcellent climate for high quality wine\r\n\r\nDO Somontano\r\n\r\nSmall, but growing DO with excellent quality\r\n\r\nVery good prices\r\n\r\nElegant, varied wines from indigenous and French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Calatayud\r\n\r\nMedium DO still rustic but interesting old-vine Garnacha and cavas\r\n\r\nDO Cariñena\r\n\r\nLarge DO making lots of jug wine and some interesting old-vine Garnacha\r\n\r\nDO Campo de Borja\r\n\r\nMedium DO with lots of Garnacha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGalicia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMild, wet region known for interesting whites with 5 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Rias Baixas\r\n\r\nTop quality, small DO making whites from Albariño\r\n\r\nHumidity, rain, main challenges\r\n\r\nNo bulk wine allowed\r\n\r\nWines can be pricy\r\n\r\nDO Valdeorras\r\n\r\nHigh quality small DO on border with Leon\r\n\r\nEastern, sheltered location gives more full-bodied whites and reds from Godello and Mencía\r\n\r\nDO Monterei\r\n\r\nHot, sheltered, tiny DO makes mostly reds\r\n\r\nDO Ribeiro\r\n\r\nSmall, coastal DO makes light, spritzy, blended whites\r\n\r\nDO Ribera Sacra\r\n\r\nSmall DO making traditional Galician whites\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNavarra and Basque Country\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nOne large DO and 3 tiny ones\r\n\r\nDO Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge DO making some very good wines: 109 wineries\r\n\r\nUse of a lot of indigenous and foreign grapes\r\n\r\nReputation built on rosés\r\n\r\nNow many more interesting reds and whites\r\n\r\nCross between continental and Atlantic climate\r\n\r\nDO Txacoli\r\n\r\nThree separate DOs: Alava, Getaria, Vizcaya\r\n\r\nMaking vinho verde style wines from local varieties\r\n\r\nHondarribi Zuri and Hondarribi Beltza\r\n\r\nMost are easy-drinking quaffers, but a few more serious wines being made now\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nValencia and Murcia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge jug wine areas now making very interesting wines\r\n\r\nMurcia:  3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Jumilla\r\n\r\nEnormous DO with growing reputation for quality wines\r\n\r\nRed, quality wines based on Monastrell\r\n\r\nInteresting dessert wines\r\n\r\nDO Bullas\r\n\r\nSmall DO with higher altitude makes some interesting reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Yecla\r\n\r\nMedium DO similar to Jumilla\r\n\r\nValencia: 3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Valencia\r\n\r\nLarge DO making mostly insipid whites, but has potential for reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Utiel Requena\r\n\r\nHuge DO making lots of red jug wine\r\n\r\nVery good wines being made from Bobal\r\n\r\nDO Alicante\r\n\r\nLarge DO traditionally know for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNow making good reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nExtremadura\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge DO (Ribera del Guadiana) making mostly jug wines\r\n\r\nGood potential but little results\r\n\r\nBest results in whites, though reds should be better\r\n\r\nMany grapes varieties:  Tempranillo and Garnacha dominate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBalearics\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTiny production\r\n\r\nMost wine made for local tourist consumption\r\n\r\nCheap and cheerful\r\n\r\nSome quality red wine made but quite pricy\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Callet, Fogoneu, Manto Negro\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCanaries\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMedium production made for tourist industry\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Listran and Malvasia\r\n\r\nWhites much better than reds\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAndalucia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMostly fortified wines, but some interesting table wines being made in Malaga and around Granada\r\n\r\nDO Jerez\r\n\r\nLarge DO of 10,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMakes of fortified white wines of many types\r\n\r\nGrapes:\r\n\r\nPalomino for dry sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNon-vintage wines made in criadera and solera systems\r\n\r\nLike cava and champagne\r\n\r\nTo preserve house style\r\n\r\nFinos and Manzanillas\r\n\r\nMade in reductive style under protective \"flor\"\r\n\r\nDry and fresh\r\n\r\nAmontillado\r\n\r\nAged Fino\r\n\r\nHas oxidative notes plus freshness of Fino\r\n\r\nOloroso:\r\n\r\nSolera without flor\r\n\r\nOxidized style:  nutty, brown\r\n\r\nAll start out dry:  some have PX added for sweetness\r\n\r\nPalo Cortado\r\n\r\nRarest style\r\n\r\nCross between Oloroso and Amontillado\r\n\r\nHas flor for short time\r\n\r\nSweet sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX dried to raisins\r\n\r\nUsed as varietal wines and blenders\r\n\r\nDO Montilla Moriles\r\n\r\nVery similar wines to sherry but using PX as base wine\r\n\r\nWhole range from Fino to sweet stickies\r\n\r\nDO Malaga\r\n\r\nFortified dessert wines from Moscatel and PX\r\n\r\nDO Huelva\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Jerez\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDO Cava\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nA style DO, not geographic\r\n\r\nSparkling wine made in Champenoise style\r\n\r\nMostly white, some rosé\r\n\r\nTop sales in world before champagne\r\n\r\nProduced in 160 municipalities\r\n\r\nCataluña:  90% of cava made here\r\n\r\nOther provinces:  Rioja, Valencia, Extremadura, Aragon\r\n\r\nThree traditional grapes:  Macabeo, Parellada, Xarel.lo\r\n\r\nOther grapes:  Chardonnay, Monastrell, Pinot Noir\r\n\r\nTendency:  use of more French varieties\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Spanish Grape Varieties</strong>\r\n\r\nThere is no doubt that the great red grape, Tempranillo,  is king in Spain....it is by far the most important grape variety in terms of quality wine production and respect.  It sometimes seems people would prefer to drink a bad Tempranillo than order another grape variety! Tempranillo is a wonderful variety and offers a great variety of wines depending on the region and the local variant of the grape.  Though considering by many experts a \"noble\" grape\", some also would perhaps criticize Tempranillo for its lack of a distinct personality that shines trough in any terroir.\r\n\r\nTimes are changing and this is a good thing because Spain has some really interesting indigenous varieties other than Tempranillo. Spain does not have the rich diversity of indigenous varieties that is seen in italy or Portugal.  Many varieties were lost or reduced to non-commercial levels after the phyloxera blight at the end of the 19th century.  Much of the replanting was done with easier varietals and eventually with Tempranillo.  Luckily today there is some interest in reviving some of the local obscure varietals.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile some of the great red varieties to watch out for are:  Garnacha (Grenache), Mencia, Bobal, Monastrell (Mourvedre) etc.\r\n\r\nOutstanding white varieties include: Verdejo, Godello, Albariño, Viura, and Palomino\r\n\r\nYou can also find the all usual international grapes planted in Spain and being made into mediocre to very good wine.\r\n\r\nFor more detail on the major indigenous Spanish varietals see <a href=\"http://planetavino.net/newsite/spanish-grape-varieties/\">here</a>...\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Spain Wine In Brief','','inherit','open','open','','338-revision-6','','','2012-10-21 00:11:51','2012-10-21 00:11:51','',338,'http://planetavino.net/newsite/338-revision-6/',0,'revision','',0),(583,1,'2012-10-21 00:12:45','2012-10-21 00:12:45','Below you\'ll find a brief overview of Spanish wines, including a general introduction, wine law, and grape varieties.  This is the more detailed info for those who are looking for some background.\r\n\r\nI\'ve also created a great practical guide to drinking Spanish wine, the styles, identifying the Spanish wines you like by grape or region, figuring the best values and where you can find them.  To get this useful guide just sign up for my monthly newsletter here.  In my newsletter, I\'ll give you an update on the latest on Spanish wine and food and some top wine picks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<h3><strong>Top Ten of Spanish wine</strong></h3>     <strong>...or a total simplification of Spanish wine!  ....but useful sometimes...</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSuper dynamic wine market\r\n\r\nGetting world recognition\r\n\r\nLots of change in every corner of the country!\r\n\r\nHuge wine producer\r\n\r\nMost vineyards in the world\r\n\r\n3rd in wine production\r\n\r\nRed wine country\r\n\r\nSome of the top red wines in the world\r\n\r\nWhites wines\r\n\r\nAttractive, great value…improving rapidly\r\n\r\nIn Spain wines ordered by region, not by grape variety\r\n\r\n70+ designated wine regions or wine appellations (Denominacion de Origen (DO))\r\n\r\nMost important: Rioja, Ribera del Duero, Priorat\r\n\r\nMany rising stars: Jumilla, Toro, Bierzo, La Mancha etc.\r\n\r\nAging designations on label: crianza, reserva,  gran reserva\r\n\r\nMost important grape variety: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nMore than 600 indigenous grape varieties…but only 20 commercially important today\r\n\r\nMore and more international varieties:  Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Chardonnay etc.\r\n\r\nSpanish people drinking much less but drinking higher quality wine\r\n\r\nExports very important…40%\r\n\r\nTop customers are:  UK, Germany, U.S.\r\n\r\nTendencies:\r\n\r\nOld vines\r\n\r\nSingle vineyards/terroir wines\r\n\r\nInternational grapes and unique indigenous grapes\r\n\r\nCriticism: Blockbuster wines…High alcohol, super extracted, over-oaked\r\n\r\nCriticism: Wines to wine points from wine critics (Parker effect), comercial wines\r\n\r\nless appellation wines\r\n\r\nless wines in traditional categories such as crianza, reserva and gran reserva\r\n\r\nConclusion:  Very high quality, consistency and still excellent prices.\r\n\r\nBest value wines in the world!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine in Brief...a little more detail!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLong history of winemaking (3000 years!)\r\n\r\nMost vineyards of any country in the world (15.5%)\r\n\r\nThird in world wine production after France and Italy (13%)\r\n\r\nJust over 50% of wine production is red\r\n\r\nMore than 600 indigenous grape varieties\r\n\r\nBut just 20 of them account for 80% of wine production\r\n\r\nTempranillo:  most important red grape in terms of quality and quantity\r\n\r\nMany other indigenous grapes used\r\n\r\nMencía, Monastrell, Bobal, Albariño, Verdejo, Viura etc. etc.\r\n\r\nInternational grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon on the rise\r\n\r\nVineyards in all 17 autonomous regions\r\n\r\nLa Mancha: (the greatest surface area of vines in the world)\r\n\r\nRioja:  most densely planted in Spain\r\n\r\n60% of production is table wine, 40% is quality wine\r\n\r\nClassification system for quality wine based on regional wine appellations\r\n\r\nThere are over 70 Denominación de Origen (DO) spread throughout Spain\r\n\r\nDO: wine appellation with strict rules controlling wine production\r\n\r\nDO wines often have indication of oak aging:  crianza, reserva, gran reserva\r\n\r\nOther categories of quality wine: DOCA, VCIG, Vino de Pago\r\n\r\nLesser classifications are now being used for some top wines\r\n\r\nUsed by winemakers looking for more freedom\r\n\r\nVino de la Tierra and Vino de Mesa\r\n\r\nOver 40% of Spanish production is exported (increasing)\r\n\r\nTop customers:  UK, Germany, USA\r\n\r\nSpain also has amazing cavas, dessert wines, and fortified wines at great values\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSome opinions (mine!)\r\n\r\nA red wine country\r\n\r\nRed wines are amongst the top in the world\r\n\r\nGood value, inexpensive whites dominate\r\n\r\nHigher quality whites coming on slowly\r\n\r\nIn full revolution\r\n\r\nGreat wines being made in every corner of Spain\r\n\r\nControversy of international styles vs traditional styles\r\n\r\nClassic regions face more competition\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero and Rioja still dominant in internal market\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero: quality reds but pricey\r\n\r\nRioja: a confusing variety of styles\r\n\r\nWine consumption trends\r\n\r\nSpaniards drinking less wine but better quality\r\n\r\nExport market becoming more and more important\r\n\r\nTendencies\r\n\r\nTechnology in the vineyard and winery\r\n\r\nSingle-vineyard wines (the idea of terroir)\r\n\r\nTrendy for rich and famous to get into making wine\r\n\r\nMore international styles: wines to please wine critics\r\n\r\nMore regional styles also trendy\r\n\r\nBlockbuster style:  more everything--alcohol, fruit, tannin, oak\r\n\r\nPrices still good but rising quickly\r\n\r\nMore international prestige but still behind France and Italy\r\n\r\nMore marketing needed!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBottom line:\r\n\r\nOutstanding variety and quality at all price ranges…best value wines in Western Europe!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Law\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ncut and paste table\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Regions\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDOCa Rioja\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRioja, Basque Country, Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge area known for red and some whites\r\n\r\nThree sub zones\r\n\r\nRioja Alta and Alavesa\r\n\r\nRioja Baja\r\n\r\nMost densely planted area in Spain\r\n\r\nClassic wine region that led the way\r\n\r\nBrought French influence in 19th century\r\n\r\nMost famous Spanish wine region internationally\r\n\r\nDO created in 1925 (1st)\r\n\r\nDOCa since 1991\r\n\r\n65,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMore than 550 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grape: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nAlso: Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano\r\n\r\nExperimental grape: Cabernet Sauvignon\r\n\r\nSomewhat of an identity crisis\r\n\r\nModern vs traditional\r\n\r\nMild climatological conditions\r\n\r\nAtlantic influence\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla Leon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVery important wine region with five important DOs\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\nDO Cigales\r\n\r\nAlso very important production of Vino de la Tierra de Castilla Leon\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO since 1982\r\n\r\nConsidered to produce some of the finest red wines in Spain\r\n\r\nTrendy and fast-growing areas\r\n\r\nPrices can be quite high\r\n\r\n8,000 ha of vineyards and over 178 wineries.\r\n\r\nGrape variety:  Tinto Fino, a variant of Tempranillo\r\n\r\nClimate: Continental with some Med influences\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nSmall wine region (6000ha) with 36 wineries\r\n\r\nWhite wines from Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc\r\n\r\nCreated in 1980 for whites\r\n\r\nSince 2001 open to reds\r\n\r\nThe wines are attractive modern, cold-fermented whites\r\n\r\nThe climate is wind-swept continental\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nGained fame over last ten years\r\n\r\nPowerful red wines\r\n\r\nSome good value wines, but many more expensive now\r\n\r\nSmall DO created in 1987: 34 wineries\r\n\r\nMain varietal: Tinta de Toro (Tempranillo)\r\n\r\nContinental climate\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\n“Gateway to Galicia”: Currently high profile\r\n\r\nSmall red and white producing area\r\n\r\nDO created in 1988: 39 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grapes: Mencía and Godello\r\n\r\nMild climate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCataluña\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region with 12 DOs with many climatic and geographic variations\r\n\r\n1999: a region DO called DO Cataluña\r\n\r\nStrongest on whites but also great reds\r\n\r\nWidespread use of indigenous varieties\r\n\r\nWidespread use of French varieties\r\n\r\n90% of Cava produced here\r\n\r\nKey in spread of modern equipment and techniques\r\n\r\nAll of the DOs are improving dramatically\r\n\r\nDO Penedés\r\n\r\nImportant DO since 1960:  150 wineries\r\n\r\nImportant innovator in wine\r\n\r\nCenter of Cava production\r\n\r\nAlso elegant whites and reds\r\n\r\nDOCa Priorat\r\n\r\nSmall, exclusive DO since 1954: 26 wineries\r\n\r\nVery expensive wines\r\n\r\nFamous for huge, mineral red wines\r\n\r\nUnique soils: licorella\r\n\r\nUse of Garnacha and Cariñena with French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Montsant\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Priorat…less expensive\r\n\r\nDO Terra Alta\r\n\r\nStill rustic at times…similar potential to Priorat\r\n\r\nDO Alella\r\n\r\nTiny coastal DO: mostly known for whites\r\n\r\nDO Apurdán-Costa Brava\r\n\r\nSmall coastal DO known traditionally for rosados\r\n\r\nDO Concá de Barbera\r\n\r\nMedium size interior DO used as source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Costers de Segre\r\n\r\nSmall interior DO used a source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Plá de Bagés\r\n\r\nTiny interior DO known for crisp whites\r\n\r\nDO Tarragona\r\n\r\nLarge coastal/interior DO makes a wide variety of wines\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla La Mancha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region: one of the biggest in the world\r\n\r\n9 DOs:  more being created\r\n\r\nVery hot region producing Mediterranean style red wines\r\n\r\nVery good value and improving quality\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine still!\r\n\r\nVery good Vinos de la Tierra de Castilla\r\n\r\nAlso several Vinos de Pago\r\n\r\nDO La Mancha\r\n\r\nEnormous DO making good quality wine from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nDO Valdepeñas\r\n\r\nVery large DO making traditional wines from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nOther DOs\r\n\r\nDO Almansa, DO Manchela, DO Méntrida, DO Mondéjar, DO Riber del Júcar\r\n\r\nDO Vinos de Madrid\r\n\r\nNot technically La Mancha, but similar situation and similar wines\r\n\r\nImproving...but best wines are expensive\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n9.  Introduction to Spanish Denominations cont\'d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAragon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge region with 4 DOs\r\n\r\nOne is very high quality, the other three improving rapidly\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine made here\r\n\r\nExcellent climate for high quality wine\r\n\r\nDO Somontano\r\n\r\nSmall, but growing DO with excellent quality\r\n\r\nVery good prices\r\n\r\nElegant, varied wines from indigenous and French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Calatayud\r\n\r\nMedium DO still rustic but interesting old-vine Garnacha and cavas\r\n\r\nDO Cariñena\r\n\r\nLarge DO making lots of jug wine and some interesting old-vine Garnacha\r\n\r\nDO Campo de Borja\r\n\r\nMedium DO with lots of Garnacha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGalicia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMild, wet region known for interesting whites with 5 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Rias Baixas\r\n\r\nTop quality, small DO making whites from Albariño\r\n\r\nHumidity, rain, main challenges\r\n\r\nNo bulk wine allowed\r\n\r\nWines can be pricy\r\n\r\nDO Valdeorras\r\n\r\nHigh quality small DO on border with Leon\r\n\r\nEastern, sheltered location gives more full-bodied whites and reds from Godello and Mencía\r\n\r\nDO Monterei\r\n\r\nHot, sheltered, tiny DO makes mostly reds\r\n\r\nDO Ribeiro\r\n\r\nSmall, coastal DO makes light, spritzy, blended whites\r\n\r\nDO Ribera Sacra\r\n\r\nSmall DO making traditional Galician whites\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNavarra and Basque Country\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nOne large DO and 3 tiny ones\r\n\r\nDO Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge DO making some very good wines: 109 wineries\r\n\r\nUse of a lot of indigenous and foreign grapes\r\n\r\nReputation built on rosés\r\n\r\nNow many more interesting reds and whites\r\n\r\nCross between continental and Atlantic climate\r\n\r\nDO Txacoli\r\n\r\nThree separate DOs: Alava, Getaria, Vizcaya\r\n\r\nMaking vinho verde style wines from local varieties\r\n\r\nHondarribi Zuri and Hondarribi Beltza\r\n\r\nMost are easy-drinking quaffers, but a few more serious wines being made now\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nValencia and Murcia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge jug wine areas now making very interesting wines\r\n\r\nMurcia:  3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Jumilla\r\n\r\nEnormous DO with growing reputation for quality wines\r\n\r\nRed, quality wines based on Monastrell\r\n\r\nInteresting dessert wines\r\n\r\nDO Bullas\r\n\r\nSmall DO with higher altitude makes some interesting reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Yecla\r\n\r\nMedium DO similar to Jumilla\r\n\r\nValencia: 3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Valencia\r\n\r\nLarge DO making mostly insipid whites, but has potential for reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Utiel Requena\r\n\r\nHuge DO making lots of red jug wine\r\n\r\nVery good wines being made from Bobal\r\n\r\nDO Alicante\r\n\r\nLarge DO traditionally know for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNow making good reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nExtremadura\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge DO (Ribera del Guadiana) making mostly jug wines\r\n\r\nGood potential but little results\r\n\r\nBest results in whites, though reds should be better\r\n\r\nMany grapes varieties:  Tempranillo and Garnacha dominate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBalearics\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTiny production\r\n\r\nMost wine made for local tourist consumption\r\n\r\nCheap and cheerful\r\n\r\nSome quality red wine made but quite pricy\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Callet, Fogoneu, Manto Negro\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCanaries\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMedium production made for tourist industry\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Listran and Malvasia\r\n\r\nWhites much better than reds\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAndalucia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMostly fortified wines, but some interesting table wines being made in Malaga and around Granada\r\n\r\nDO Jerez\r\n\r\nLarge DO of 10,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMakes of fortified white wines of many types\r\n\r\nGrapes:\r\n\r\nPalomino for dry sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNon-vintage wines made in criadera and solera systems\r\n\r\nLike cava and champagne\r\n\r\nTo preserve house style\r\n\r\nFinos and Manzanillas\r\n\r\nMade in reductive style under protective \"flor\"\r\n\r\nDry and fresh\r\n\r\nAmontillado\r\n\r\nAged Fino\r\n\r\nHas oxidative notes plus freshness of Fino\r\n\r\nOloroso:\r\n\r\nSolera without flor\r\n\r\nOxidized style:  nutty, brown\r\n\r\nAll start out dry:  some have PX added for sweetness\r\n\r\nPalo Cortado\r\n\r\nRarest style\r\n\r\nCross between Oloroso and Amontillado\r\n\r\nHas flor for short time\r\n\r\nSweet sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX dried to raisins\r\n\r\nUsed as varietal wines and blenders\r\n\r\nDO Montilla Moriles\r\n\r\nVery similar wines to sherry but using PX as base wine\r\n\r\nWhole range from Fino to sweet stickies\r\n\r\nDO Malaga\r\n\r\nFortified dessert wines from Moscatel and PX\r\n\r\nDO Huelva\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Jerez\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDO Cava\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nA style DO, not geographic\r\n\r\nSparkling wine made in Champenoise style\r\n\r\nMostly white, some rosé\r\n\r\nTop sales in world before champagne\r\n\r\nProduced in 160 municipalities\r\n\r\nCataluña:  90% of cava made here\r\n\r\nOther provinces:  Rioja, Valencia, Extremadura, Aragon\r\n\r\nThree traditional grapes:  Macabeo, Parellada, Xarel.lo\r\n\r\nOther grapes:  Chardonnay, Monastrell, Pinot Noir\r\n\r\nTendency:  use of more French varieties\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Spanish Grape Varieties</strong>\r\n\r\nThere is no doubt that the great red grape, Tempranillo,  is king in Spain....it is by far the most important grape variety in terms of quality wine production and respect.  It sometimes seems people would prefer to drink a bad Tempranillo than order another grape variety! Tempranillo is a wonderful variety and offers a great variety of wines depending on the region and the local variant of the grape.  Though considering by many experts a \"noble\" grape\", some also would perhaps criticize Tempranillo for its lack of a distinct personality that shines trough in any terroir.\r\n\r\nTimes are changing and this is a good thing because Spain has some really interesting indigenous varieties other than Tempranillo. Spain does not have the rich diversity of indigenous varieties that is seen in italy or Portugal.  Many varieties were lost or reduced to non-commercial levels after the phyloxera blight at the end of the 19th century.  Much of the replanting was done with easier varietals and eventually with Tempranillo.  Luckily today there is some interest in reviving some of the local obscure varietals.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile some of the great red varieties to watch out for are:  Garnacha (Grenache), Mencia, Bobal, Monastrell (Mourvedre) etc.\r\n\r\nOutstanding white varieties include: Verdejo, Godello, Albariño, Viura, and Palomino\r\n\r\nYou can also find the all usual international grapes planted in Spain and being made into mediocre to very good wine.\r\n\r\nFor more detail on the major indigenous Spanish varietals see <a href=\"http://planetavino.net/newsite/spanish-grape-varieties/\">here</a>...\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Spain Wine In Brief','','inherit','open','open','','338-revision-7','','','2012-10-21 00:12:45','2012-10-21 00:12:45','',338,'http://planetavino.net/newsite/338-revision-7/',0,'revision','',0),(584,1,'2012-10-21 00:04:00','2012-10-21 00:04:00','<strong>Primary White Varieties</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAirén\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Most planted white grape in Spain</li>\r\n	<li>La Mancha</li>\r\n	<li>Most planted white grape in the world</li>\r\n	<li>Low quality grape</li>\r\n	<li>With modern techniques can make acceptable wine</li>\r\n	<li>Being replaced</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAlbariño\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Important grape in Galicia</li>\r\n	<li>Very trendy</li>\r\n	<li>Many styles: from a more peachy, fruity style to a lean, steely profile</li>\r\n	<li>Generally made to be consumed young</li>\r\n	<li>Some interesting aging experiments being done</li>\r\n	<li>Another trend is barrel fermentation and/or aging</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGodello\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>High quality, aromatic grape native to Galicia</li>\r\n	<li>Good acidity and often shows mineral notes</li>\r\n	<li>Backbone of the Valdeorras and Bierzo Dos</li>\r\n	<li>Quickly gaining popularity</li>\r\n	<li>Experiments with aging and oak are underway</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMacabeo\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Also known as Viura</li>\r\n	<li>Macabeo is cultivated all over northern Spain</li>\r\n	<li>In the DO Cava regions it is combined with Xarel-lo and Parrelada</li>\r\n	<li>It is the dominant white grape in Rioja and Navarra</li>\r\n	<li>Can appear in these regions in an oak-aged style</li>\r\n	<li>Criticized for its neutral characteristics, but with care it can make attractive herbal wines.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMoscatel\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>This grape is the Muscat d\'Alexandrie of the Muscat family</li>\r\n	<li>Used in the Levant, Cataluña, and Andalucia to make sweet dessert wines</li>\r\n	<li>These are generally excellent value wines</li>\r\n	<li>Very distinctive grape:  highly aromatic, floral</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPalomino\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>This is the main dry sherry grape</li>\r\n	<li>It does extremely well on the chalky soils near Jerez</li>\r\n	<li>Planted elsewhere produces largely unremarkable wines.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nParellada\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>One of the primary Cava grapes</li>\r\n	<li>Also used in Cataluña for soft everyday drinking whites.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPedro Ximenez\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>This is the grape that makes the great sweet wines of Andalucia</li>\r\n	<li>Dry to raisins and then pressed to make a thick, sweet wine</li>\r\n	<li>Ages extremely well</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVerdejo\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Principle variety of Rueda</li>\r\n	<li>With modern wine-making techniques makes a top quality crisp and citric flavoured wine</li>\r\n	<li>Pleasant bitter finish</li>\r\n	<li>These wines are among some of the best in Spain and best value</li>\r\n	<li>Experiments are underway with barrel fermentation and aging</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nXarel-lo\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>The third of the primary Cava varieties</li>\r\n	<li>Adds weight and alcohol to the blend</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\r\n<strong>Red grape varieties</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBobal\r\n\r\nHighly colored grape found in the Levant\r\n\r\nGives hearty rosados and reds\r\n\r\nPreviously for being coarse\r\n\r\nCareful modern techniques can make very interesting wines\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCariñena\r\n\r\nAlso called Mazuelo in Rioja\r\n\r\nA robust grape that is an important part of the Rioja blend\r\n\r\nGiving color and body\r\n\r\nAlso used in Cataluña, where it is also used as a natural partner toGarnacha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGarnacha\r\n\r\nLikely the most widely planted red grape in Spain\r\n\r\nHigh yielding variety that makes a great blending grape\r\n\r\nAt low yields and older vines, it can produce stellar wines\r\n\r\nOxidizes easily\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGraciano\r\n\r\nA low-yielding grape that is a high quality part of the Rioja blend\r\n\r\nIt is seeing a resurgence\r\n\r\nIt has thick skins that give wines with a lot of tannin\r\n\r\nThey can be tough early on but they age extremely well\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMencía\r\n\r\nHigh quality grape that is seeing a surge in popularity\r\n\r\nMany high quality examples are being produced in the Bierzo DO and the Valdeorras DO\r\n\r\nIt gives fresh, tannic wines with an elegant profile\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMonastrell\r\n\r\nHigh yielding variety that produces highly colored, alcoholic wines\r\n\r\nIn the right hands it can produce excellent wines\r\n\r\nIts new reputation for quality wines is being led in Murcia\r\n\r\nIt is also used to make some interesting sweet wines.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPrieto Picudo\r\n\r\nRising in popularity in various parts of Castilla Leon\r\n\r\nThe best wines can be quite tannic and acidic with interesting cherry fruit\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTempranillo\r\n\r\nSpain\'s top native red grape\r\n\r\nIt is cultivated throughout Spain and has many names depending on the region:\r\n\r\nCencibel in southern Spain\r\n\r\nTinto Fino, Tinto del Pais and Tinta de Toro in Castile Leon\r\n\r\nTinta de Toro in Toro\r\n\r\nUll de Llebre in Cataluña\r\n\r\nIt gives high quality wines at all levels, with great strawberry fruit\r\n\r\nMainly diverse styles…it is sometimes criticized for lacking a dominant varietal character.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Spanish Grape Varieties','','inherit','open','open','','573-revision-3','','','2012-10-21 00:04:00','2012-10-21 00:04:00','',573,'http://planetavino.net/newsite/573-revision-3/',0,'revision','',0),(585,1,'2012-10-21 00:14:53','2012-10-21 00:14:53','<h2><strong>Primary White Varieties</strong></h2>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAirén\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Most planted white grape in Spain</li>\r\n	<li>La Mancha</li>\r\n	<li>Most planted white grape in the world</li>\r\n	<li>Low quality grape</li>\r\n	<li>With modern techniques can make acceptable wine</li>\r\n	<li>Being replaced</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAlbariño\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Important grape in Galicia</li>\r\n	<li>Very trendy</li>\r\n	<li>Many styles: from a more peachy, fruity style to a lean, steely profile</li>\r\n	<li>Generally made to be consumed young</li>\r\n	<li>Some interesting aging experiments being done</li>\r\n	<li>Another trend is barrel fermentation and/or aging</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGodello\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>High quality, aromatic grape native to Galicia</li>\r\n	<li>Good acidity and often shows mineral notes</li>\r\n	<li>Backbone of the Valdeorras and Bierzo Dos</li>\r\n	<li>Quickly gaining popularity</li>\r\n	<li>Experiments with aging and oak are underway</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMacabeo\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Also known as Viura</li>\r\n	<li>Macabeo is cultivated all over northern Spain</li>\r\n	<li>In the DO Cava regions it is combined with Xarel-lo and Parrelada</li>\r\n	<li>It is the dominant white grape in Rioja and Navarra</li>\r\n	<li>Can appear in these regions in an oak-aged style</li>\r\n	<li>Criticized for its neutral characteristics, but with care it can make attractive herbal wines.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMoscatel\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>This grape is the Muscat d\'Alexandrie of the Muscat family</li>\r\n	<li>Used in the Levant, Cataluña, and Andalucia to make sweet dessert wines</li>\r\n	<li>These are generally excellent value wines</li>\r\n	<li>Very distinctive grape:  highly aromatic, floral</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPalomino\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>This is the main dry sherry grape</li>\r\n	<li>It does extremely well on the chalky soils near Jerez</li>\r\n	<li>Planted elsewhere produces largely unremarkable wines.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nParellada\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>One of the primary Cava grapes</li>\r\n	<li>Also used in Cataluña for soft everyday drinking whites.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPedro Ximenez\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>This is the grape that makes the great sweet wines of Andalucia</li>\r\n	<li>Dry to raisins and then pressed to make a thick, sweet wine</li>\r\n	<li>Ages extremely well</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVerdejo\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Principle variety of Rueda</li>\r\n	<li>With modern wine-making techniques makes a top quality crisp and citric flavoured wine</li>\r\n	<li>Pleasant bitter finish</li>\r\n	<li>These wines are among some of the best in Spain and best value</li>\r\n	<li>Experiments are underway with barrel fermentation and aging</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nXarel-lo\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>The third of the primary Cava varieties</li>\r\n	<li>Adds weight and alcohol to the blend</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\r\n<strong>Red grape varieties</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBobal\r\n\r\nHighly colored grape found in the Levant\r\n\r\nGives hearty rosados and reds\r\n\r\nPreviously for being coarse\r\n\r\nCareful modern techniques can make very interesting wines\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCariñena\r\n\r\nAlso called Mazuelo in Rioja\r\n\r\nA robust grape that is an important part of the Rioja blend\r\n\r\nGiving color and body\r\n\r\nAlso used in Cataluña, where it is also used as a natural partner toGarnacha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGarnacha\r\n\r\nLikely the most widely planted red grape in Spain\r\n\r\nHigh yielding variety that makes a great blending grape\r\n\r\nAt low yields and older vines, it can produce stellar wines\r\n\r\nOxidizes easily\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGraciano\r\n\r\nA low-yielding grape that is a high quality part of the Rioja blend\r\n\r\nIt is seeing a resurgence\r\n\r\nIt has thick skins that give wines with a lot of tannin\r\n\r\nThey can be tough early on but they age extremely well\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMencía\r\n\r\nHigh quality grape that is seeing a surge in popularity\r\n\r\nMany high quality examples are being produced in the Bierzo DO and the Valdeorras DO\r\n\r\nIt gives fresh, tannic wines with an elegant profile\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMonastrell\r\n\r\nHigh yielding variety that produces highly colored, alcoholic wines\r\n\r\nIn the right hands it can produce excellent wines\r\n\r\nIts new reputation for quality wines is being led in Murcia\r\n\r\nIt is also used to make some interesting sweet wines.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPrieto Picudo\r\n\r\nRising in popularity in various parts of Castilla Leon\r\n\r\nThe best wines can be quite tannic and acidic with interesting cherry fruit\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTempranillo\r\n\r\nSpain\'s top native red grape\r\n\r\nIt is cultivated throughout Spain and has many names depending on the region:\r\n\r\nCencibel in southern Spain\r\n\r\nTinto Fino, Tinto del Pais and Tinta de Toro in Castile Leon\r\n\r\nTinta de Toro in Toro\r\n\r\nUll de Llebre in Cataluña\r\n\r\nIt gives high quality wines at all levels, with great strawberry fruit\r\n\r\nMainly diverse styles…it is sometimes criticized for lacking a dominant varietal character.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Spanish Grape Varieties','','inherit','open','open','','573-revision-4','','','2012-10-21 00:14:53','2012-10-21 00:14:53','',573,'http://planetavino.net/newsite/573-revision-4/',0,'revision','',0),(586,1,'2012-10-21 00:13:14','2012-10-21 00:13:14','Below you\'ll find a brief overview of Spanish wines, including a general introduction, wine law, and grape varieties.  This is the more detailed info for those who are looking for some background.\r\n\r\nI\'ve also created a great practical guide to drinking Spanish wine, the styles, identifying the Spanish wines you like by grape or region, figuring the best values and where you can find them.  To get this useful guide just sign up for my monthly newsletter here.  In my newsletter, I\'ll give you an update on the latest on Spanish wine and food and some top wine picks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>Top Ten of Spanish wine</strong></h2>\r\n<strong>...or a total simplification of Spanish wine!  ....but useful sometimes...</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSuper dynamic wine market\r\n\r\nGetting world recognition\r\n\r\nLots of change in every corner of the country!\r\n\r\nHuge wine producer\r\n\r\nMost vineyards in the world\r\n\r\n3rd in wine production\r\n\r\nRed wine country\r\n\r\nSome of the top red wines in the world\r\n\r\nWhites wines\r\n\r\nAttractive, great value…improving rapidly\r\n\r\nIn Spain wines ordered by region, not by grape variety\r\n\r\n70+ designated wine regions or wine appellations (Denominacion de Origen (DO))\r\n\r\nMost important: Rioja, Ribera del Duero, Priorat\r\n\r\nMany rising stars: Jumilla, Toro, Bierzo, La Mancha etc.\r\n\r\nAging designations on label: crianza, reserva,  gran reserva\r\n\r\nMost important grape variety: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nMore than 600 indigenous grape varieties…but only 20 commercially important today\r\n\r\nMore and more international varieties:  Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Chardonnay etc.\r\n\r\nSpanish people drinking much less but drinking higher quality wine\r\n\r\nExports very important…40%\r\n\r\nTop customers are:  UK, Germany, U.S.\r\n\r\nTendencies:\r\n\r\nOld vines\r\n\r\nSingle vineyards/terroir wines\r\n\r\nInternational grapes and unique indigenous grapes\r\n\r\nCriticism: Blockbuster wines…High alcohol, super extracted, over-oaked\r\n\r\nCriticism: Wines to wine points from wine critics (Parker effect), comercial wines\r\n\r\nless appellation wines\r\n\r\nless wines in traditional categories such as crianza, reserva and gran reserva\r\n\r\nConclusion:  Very high quality, consistency and still excellent prices.\r\n\r\nBest value wines in the world!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine in Brief...a little more detail!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLong history of winemaking (3000 years!)\r\n\r\nMost vineyards of any country in the world (15.5%)\r\n\r\nThird in world wine production after France and Italy (13%)\r\n\r\nJust over 50% of wine production is red\r\n\r\nMore than 600 indigenous grape varieties\r\n\r\nBut just 20 of them account for 80% of wine production\r\n\r\nTempranillo:  most important red grape in terms of quality and quantity\r\n\r\nMany other indigenous grapes used\r\n\r\nMencía, Monastrell, Bobal, Albariño, Verdejo, Viura etc. etc.\r\n\r\nInternational grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon on the rise\r\n\r\nVineyards in all 17 autonomous regions\r\n\r\nLa Mancha: (the greatest surface area of vines in the world)\r\n\r\nRioja:  most densely planted in Spain\r\n\r\n60% of production is table wine, 40% is quality wine\r\n\r\nClassification system for quality wine based on regional wine appellations\r\n\r\nThere are over 70 Denominación de Origen (DO) spread throughout Spain\r\n\r\nDO: wine appellation with strict rules controlling wine production\r\n\r\nDO wines often have indication of oak aging:  crianza, reserva, gran reserva\r\n\r\nOther categories of quality wine: DOCA, VCIG, Vino de Pago\r\n\r\nLesser classifications are now being used for some top wines\r\n\r\nUsed by winemakers looking for more freedom\r\n\r\nVino de la Tierra and Vino de Mesa\r\n\r\nOver 40% of Spanish production is exported (increasing)\r\n\r\nTop customers:  UK, Germany, USA\r\n\r\nSpain also has amazing cavas, dessert wines, and fortified wines at great values\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSome opinions (mine!)\r\n\r\nA red wine country\r\n\r\nRed wines are amongst the top in the world\r\n\r\nGood value, inexpensive whites dominate\r\n\r\nHigher quality whites coming on slowly\r\n\r\nIn full revolution\r\n\r\nGreat wines being made in every corner of Spain\r\n\r\nControversy of international styles vs traditional styles\r\n\r\nClassic regions face more competition\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero and Rioja still dominant in internal market\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero: quality reds but pricey\r\n\r\nRioja: a confusing variety of styles\r\n\r\nWine consumption trends\r\n\r\nSpaniards drinking less wine but better quality\r\n\r\nExport market becoming more and more important\r\n\r\nTendencies\r\n\r\nTechnology in the vineyard and winery\r\n\r\nSingle-vineyard wines (the idea of terroir)\r\n\r\nTrendy for rich and famous to get into making wine\r\n\r\nMore international styles: wines to please wine critics\r\n\r\nMore regional styles also trendy\r\n\r\nBlockbuster style:  more everything--alcohol, fruit, tannin, oak\r\n\r\nPrices still good but rising quickly\r\n\r\nMore international prestige but still behind France and Italy\r\n\r\nMore marketing needed!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBottom line:\r\n\r\nOutstanding variety and quality at all price ranges…best value wines in Western Europe!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Law\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ncut and paste table\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Regions\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDOCa Rioja\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRioja, Basque Country, Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge area known for red and some whites\r\n\r\nThree sub zones\r\n\r\nRioja Alta and Alavesa\r\n\r\nRioja Baja\r\n\r\nMost densely planted area in Spain\r\n\r\nClassic wine region that led the way\r\n\r\nBrought French influence in 19th century\r\n\r\nMost famous Spanish wine region internationally\r\n\r\nDO created in 1925 (1st)\r\n\r\nDOCa since 1991\r\n\r\n65,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMore than 550 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grape: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nAlso: Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano\r\n\r\nExperimental grape: Cabernet Sauvignon\r\n\r\nSomewhat of an identity crisis\r\n\r\nModern vs traditional\r\n\r\nMild climatological conditions\r\n\r\nAtlantic influence\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla Leon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVery important wine region with five important DOs\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\nDO Cigales\r\n\r\nAlso very important production of Vino de la Tierra de Castilla Leon\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO since 1982\r\n\r\nConsidered to produce some of the finest red wines in Spain\r\n\r\nTrendy and fast-growing areas\r\n\r\nPrices can be quite high\r\n\r\n8,000 ha of vineyards and over 178 wineries.\r\n\r\nGrape variety:  Tinto Fino, a variant of Tempranillo\r\n\r\nClimate: Continental with some Med influences\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nSmall wine region (6000ha) with 36 wineries\r\n\r\nWhite wines from Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc\r\n\r\nCreated in 1980 for whites\r\n\r\nSince 2001 open to reds\r\n\r\nThe wines are attractive modern, cold-fermented whites\r\n\r\nThe climate is wind-swept continental\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nGained fame over last ten years\r\n\r\nPowerful red wines\r\n\r\nSome good value wines, but many more expensive now\r\n\r\nSmall DO created in 1987: 34 wineries\r\n\r\nMain varietal: Tinta de Toro (Tempranillo)\r\n\r\nContinental climate\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\n“Gateway to Galicia”: Currently high profile\r\n\r\nSmall red and white producing area\r\n\r\nDO created in 1988: 39 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grapes: Mencía and Godello\r\n\r\nMild climate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCataluña\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region with 12 DOs with many climatic and geographic variations\r\n\r\n1999: a region DO called DO Cataluña\r\n\r\nStrongest on whites but also great reds\r\n\r\nWidespread use of indigenous varieties\r\n\r\nWidespread use of French varieties\r\n\r\n90% of Cava produced here\r\n\r\nKey in spread of modern equipment and techniques\r\n\r\nAll of the DOs are improving dramatically\r\n\r\nDO Penedés\r\n\r\nImportant DO since 1960:  150 wineries\r\n\r\nImportant innovator in wine\r\n\r\nCenter of Cava production\r\n\r\nAlso elegant whites and reds\r\n\r\nDOCa Priorat\r\n\r\nSmall, exclusive DO since 1954: 26 wineries\r\n\r\nVery expensive wines\r\n\r\nFamous for huge, mineral red wines\r\n\r\nUnique soils: licorella\r\n\r\nUse of Garnacha and Cariñena with French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Montsant\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Priorat…less expensive\r\n\r\nDO Terra Alta\r\n\r\nStill rustic at times…similar potential to Priorat\r\n\r\nDO Alella\r\n\r\nTiny coastal DO: mostly known for whites\r\n\r\nDO Apurdán-Costa Brava\r\n\r\nSmall coastal DO known traditionally for rosados\r\n\r\nDO Concá de Barbera\r\n\r\nMedium size interior DO used as source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Costers de Segre\r\n\r\nSmall interior DO used a source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Plá de Bagés\r\n\r\nTiny interior DO known for crisp whites\r\n\r\nDO Tarragona\r\n\r\nLarge coastal/interior DO makes a wide variety of wines\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla La Mancha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region: one of the biggest in the world\r\n\r\n9 DOs:  more being created\r\n\r\nVery hot region producing Mediterranean style red wines\r\n\r\nVery good value and improving quality\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine still!\r\n\r\nVery good Vinos de la Tierra de Castilla\r\n\r\nAlso several Vinos de Pago\r\n\r\nDO La Mancha\r\n\r\nEnormous DO making good quality wine from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nDO Valdepeñas\r\n\r\nVery large DO making traditional wines from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nOther DOs\r\n\r\nDO Almansa, DO Manchela, DO Méntrida, DO Mondéjar, DO Riber del Júcar\r\n\r\nDO Vinos de Madrid\r\n\r\nNot technically La Mancha, but similar situation and similar wines\r\n\r\nImproving...but best wines are expensive\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n9.  Introduction to Spanish Denominations cont\'d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAragon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge region with 4 DOs\r\n\r\nOne is very high quality, the other three improving rapidly\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine made here\r\n\r\nExcellent climate for high quality wine\r\n\r\nDO Somontano\r\n\r\nSmall, but growing DO with excellent quality\r\n\r\nVery good prices\r\n\r\nElegant, varied wines from indigenous and French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Calatayud\r\n\r\nMedium DO still rustic but interesting old-vine Garnacha and cavas\r\n\r\nDO Cariñena\r\n\r\nLarge DO making lots of jug wine and some interesting old-vine Garnacha\r\n\r\nDO Campo de Borja\r\n\r\nMedium DO with lots of Garnacha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGalicia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMild, wet region known for interesting whites with 5 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Rias Baixas\r\n\r\nTop quality, small DO making whites from Albariño\r\n\r\nHumidity, rain, main challenges\r\n\r\nNo bulk wine allowed\r\n\r\nWines can be pricy\r\n\r\nDO Valdeorras\r\n\r\nHigh quality small DO on border with Leon\r\n\r\nEastern, sheltered location gives more full-bodied whites and reds from Godello and Mencía\r\n\r\nDO Monterei\r\n\r\nHot, sheltered, tiny DO makes mostly reds\r\n\r\nDO Ribeiro\r\n\r\nSmall, coastal DO makes light, spritzy, blended whites\r\n\r\nDO Ribera Sacra\r\n\r\nSmall DO making traditional Galician whites\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNavarra and Basque Country\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nOne large DO and 3 tiny ones\r\n\r\nDO Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge DO making some very good wines: 109 wineries\r\n\r\nUse of a lot of indigenous and foreign grapes\r\n\r\nReputation built on rosés\r\n\r\nNow many more interesting reds and whites\r\n\r\nCross between continental and Atlantic climate\r\n\r\nDO Txacoli\r\n\r\nThree separate DOs: Alava, Getaria, Vizcaya\r\n\r\nMaking vinho verde style wines from local varieties\r\n\r\nHondarribi Zuri and Hondarribi Beltza\r\n\r\nMost are easy-drinking quaffers, but a few more serious wines being made now\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nValencia and Murcia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge jug wine areas now making very interesting wines\r\n\r\nMurcia:  3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Jumilla\r\n\r\nEnormous DO with growing reputation for quality wines\r\n\r\nRed, quality wines based on Monastrell\r\n\r\nInteresting dessert wines\r\n\r\nDO Bullas\r\n\r\nSmall DO with higher altitude makes some interesting reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Yecla\r\n\r\nMedium DO similar to Jumilla\r\n\r\nValencia: 3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Valencia\r\n\r\nLarge DO making mostly insipid whites, but has potential for reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Utiel Requena\r\n\r\nHuge DO making lots of red jug wine\r\n\r\nVery good wines being made from Bobal\r\n\r\nDO Alicante\r\n\r\nLarge DO traditionally know for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNow making good reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nExtremadura\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge DO (Ribera del Guadiana) making mostly jug wines\r\n\r\nGood potential but little results\r\n\r\nBest results in whites, though reds should be better\r\n\r\nMany grapes varieties:  Tempranillo and Garnacha dominate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBalearics\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTiny production\r\n\r\nMost wine made for local tourist consumption\r\n\r\nCheap and cheerful\r\n\r\nSome quality red wine made but quite pricy\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Callet, Fogoneu, Manto Negro\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCanaries\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMedium production made for tourist industry\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Listran and Malvasia\r\n\r\nWhites much better than reds\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAndalucia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMostly fortified wines, but some interesting table wines being made in Malaga and around Granada\r\n\r\nDO Jerez\r\n\r\nLarge DO of 10,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMakes of fortified white wines of many types\r\n\r\nGrapes:\r\n\r\nPalomino for dry sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNon-vintage wines made in criadera and solera systems\r\n\r\nLike cava and champagne\r\n\r\nTo preserve house style\r\n\r\nFinos and Manzanillas\r\n\r\nMade in reductive style under protective \"flor\"\r\n\r\nDry and fresh\r\n\r\nAmontillado\r\n\r\nAged Fino\r\n\r\nHas oxidative notes plus freshness of Fino\r\n\r\nOloroso:\r\n\r\nSolera without flor\r\n\r\nOxidized style:  nutty, brown\r\n\r\nAll start out dry:  some have PX added for sweetness\r\n\r\nPalo Cortado\r\n\r\nRarest style\r\n\r\nCross between Oloroso and Amontillado\r\n\r\nHas flor for short time\r\n\r\nSweet sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX dried to raisins\r\n\r\nUsed as varietal wines and blenders\r\n\r\nDO Montilla Moriles\r\n\r\nVery similar wines to sherry but using PX as base wine\r\n\r\nWhole range from Fino to sweet stickies\r\n\r\nDO Malaga\r\n\r\nFortified dessert wines from Moscatel and PX\r\n\r\nDO Huelva\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Jerez\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDO Cava\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nA style DO, not geographic\r\n\r\nSparkling wine made in Champenoise style\r\n\r\nMostly white, some rosé\r\n\r\nTop sales in world before champagne\r\n\r\nProduced in 160 municipalities\r\n\r\nCataluña:  90% of cava made here\r\n\r\nOther provinces:  Rioja, Valencia, Extremadura, Aragon\r\n\r\nThree traditional grapes:  Macabeo, Parellada, Xarel.lo\r\n\r\nOther grapes:  Chardonnay, Monastrell, Pinot Noir\r\n\r\nTendency:  use of more French varieties\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Spanish Grape Varieties</strong>\r\n\r\nThere is no doubt that the great red grape, Tempranillo,  is king in Spain....it is by far the most important grape variety in terms of quality wine production and respect.  It sometimes seems people would prefer to drink a bad Tempranillo than order another grape variety! Tempranillo is a wonderful variety and offers a great variety of wines depending on the region and the local variant of the grape.  Though considering by many experts a \"noble\" grape\", some also would perhaps criticize Tempranillo for its lack of a distinct personality that shines trough in any terroir.\r\n\r\nTimes are changing and this is a good thing because Spain has some really interesting indigenous varieties other than Tempranillo. Spain does not have the rich diversity of indigenous varieties that is seen in italy or Portugal.  Many varieties were lost or reduced to non-commercial levels after the phyloxera blight at the end of the 19th century.  Much of the replanting was done with easier varietals and eventually with Tempranillo.  Luckily today there is some interest in reviving some of the local obscure varietals.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile some of the great red varieties to watch out for are:  Garnacha (Grenache), Mencia, Bobal, Monastrell (Mourvedre) etc.\r\n\r\nOutstanding white varieties include: Verdejo, Godello, Albariño, Viura, and Palomino\r\n\r\nYou can also find the all usual international grapes planted in Spain and being made into mediocre to very good wine.\r\n\r\nFor more detail on the major indigenous Spanish varietals see <a href=\"http://planetavino.net/newsite/spanish-grape-varieties/\">here</a>...\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Spain Wine In Brief','','inherit','open','open','','338-revision-8','','','2012-10-21 00:13:14','2012-10-21 00:13:14','',338,'http://planetavino.net/newsite/338-revision-8/',0,'revision','',0),(587,1,'2012-10-21 00:31:54','2012-10-21 00:31:54','Below you\'ll find a brief overview of Spanish wines, including a general introduction, wine law, and grape varieties.  This is the more detailed info for those who are looking for some background.\r\n\r\nI\'ve also created a great practical guide to drinking Spanish wine, the styles, identifying the Spanish wines you like by grape or region, figuring the best values and where you can find them.  To get this useful guide just sign up for my monthly newsletter here.  In my newsletter, I\'ll give you an update on the latest on Spanish wine and food and some top wine picks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>Top Ten of Spanish wine</strong></h2>\r\n<strong>...or a total simplification of Spanish wine!  ....but useful sometimes...</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ol>\r\n	<li>Super dynamic wine market\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Getting world recognition</li>\r\n	<li>Lots of change in every corner of the country!</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Huge wine producer\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards in the world</li>\r\n	<li>3rd in wine production</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Red wine country\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Some of the top red wines in the world</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Whites wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Attractive, great value…improving rapidly</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>In Spain wines ordered by region, not by grape variety\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>70+ designated wine regions or wine appellations (Denominacion de Origen (DO))</li>\r\n	<li>Most important: Rioja, Ribera del Duero, Priorat</li>\r\n	<li>Many rising stars: Jumilla, Toro, Bierzo, La Mancha etc.</li>\r\n	<li>Aging designations on label: crianza, reserva,  gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Most important grape variety: Tempranillo\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties…but only 20 commercially important today</li>\r\n	<li>More and more international varieties:  Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Chardonnay etc.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spanish people drinking much less but drinking higher quality wine</li>\r\n	<li>Exports very important…40%\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers are:  UK, Germany, U.S.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Tendencies:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Old vines</li>\r\n	<li>Single vineyards/terroir wines</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes and unique indigenous grapes</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Blockbuster wines…High alcohol, super extracted, over-oaked</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Wines to wine points from wine critics (Parker effect), comercial wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less appellation wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less wines in traditional categories such as crianza, reserva and gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Conclusion:  Very high quality, consistency and still excellent prices. Some of the best value wines in the world!</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine in Brief...a little more detail!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLong history of winemaking (3000 years!)\r\n\r\nMost vineyards of any country in the world (15.5%)\r\n\r\nThird in world wine production after France and Italy (13%)\r\n\r\nJust over 50% of wine production is red\r\n\r\nMore than 600 indigenous grape varieties\r\n\r\nBut just 20 of them account for 80% of wine production\r\n\r\nTempranillo:  most important red grape in terms of quality and quantity\r\n\r\nMany other indigenous grapes used\r\n\r\nMencía, Monastrell, Bobal, Albariño, Verdejo, Viura etc. etc.\r\n\r\nInternational grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon on the rise\r\n\r\nVineyards in all 17 autonomous regions\r\n\r\nLa Mancha: (the greatest surface area of vines in the world)\r\n\r\nRioja:  most densely planted in Spain\r\n\r\n60% of production is table wine, 40% is quality wine\r\n\r\nClassification system for quality wine based on regional wine appellations\r\n\r\nThere are over 70 Denominación de Origen (DO) spread throughout Spain\r\n\r\nDO: wine appellation with strict rules controlling wine production\r\n\r\nDO wines often have indication of oak aging:  crianza, reserva, gran reserva\r\n\r\nOther categories of quality wine: DOCA, VCIG, Vino de Pago\r\n\r\nLesser classifications are now being used for some top wines\r\n\r\nUsed by winemakers looking for more freedom\r\n\r\nVino de la Tierra and Vino de Mesa\r\n\r\nOver 40% of Spanish production is exported (increasing)\r\n\r\nTop customers:  UK, Germany, USA\r\n\r\nSpain also has amazing cavas, dessert wines, and fortified wines at great values\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSome opinions (mine!)\r\n\r\nA red wine country\r\n\r\nRed wines are amongst the top in the world\r\n\r\nGood value, inexpensive whites dominate\r\n\r\nHigher quality whites coming on slowly\r\n\r\nIn full revolution\r\n\r\nGreat wines being made in every corner of Spain\r\n\r\nControversy of international styles vs traditional styles\r\n\r\nClassic regions face more competition\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero and Rioja still dominant in internal market\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero: quality reds but pricey\r\n\r\nRioja: a confusing variety of styles\r\n\r\nWine consumption trends\r\n\r\nSpaniards drinking less wine but better quality\r\n\r\nExport market becoming more and more important\r\n\r\nTendencies\r\n\r\nTechnology in the vineyard and winery\r\n\r\nSingle-vineyard wines (the idea of terroir)\r\n\r\nTrendy for rich and famous to get into making wine\r\n\r\nMore international styles: wines to please wine critics\r\n\r\nMore regional styles also trendy\r\n\r\nBlockbuster style:  more everything--alcohol, fruit, tannin, oak\r\n\r\nPrices still good but rising quickly\r\n\r\nMore international prestige but still behind France and Italy\r\n\r\nMore marketing needed!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBottom line:\r\n\r\nOutstanding variety and quality at all price ranges…best value wines in Western Europe!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Law\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ncut and paste table\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Regions\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDOCa Rioja\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRioja, Basque Country, Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge area known for red and some whites\r\n\r\nThree sub zones\r\n\r\nRioja Alta and Alavesa\r\n\r\nRioja Baja\r\n\r\nMost densely planted area in Spain\r\n\r\nClassic wine region that led the way\r\n\r\nBrought French influence in 19th century\r\n\r\nMost famous Spanish wine region internationally\r\n\r\nDO created in 1925 (1st)\r\n\r\nDOCa since 1991\r\n\r\n65,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMore than 550 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grape: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nAlso: Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano\r\n\r\nExperimental grape: Cabernet Sauvignon\r\n\r\nSomewhat of an identity crisis\r\n\r\nModern vs traditional\r\n\r\nMild climatological conditions\r\n\r\nAtlantic influence\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla Leon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVery important wine region with five important DOs\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\nDO Cigales\r\n\r\nAlso very important production of Vino de la Tierra de Castilla Leon\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO since 1982\r\n\r\nConsidered to produce some of the finest red wines in Spain\r\n\r\nTrendy and fast-growing areas\r\n\r\nPrices can be quite high\r\n\r\n8,000 ha of vineyards and over 178 wineries.\r\n\r\nGrape variety:  Tinto Fino, a variant of Tempranillo\r\n\r\nClimate: Continental with some Med influences\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nSmall wine region (6000ha) with 36 wineries\r\n\r\nWhite wines from Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc\r\n\r\nCreated in 1980 for whites\r\n\r\nSince 2001 open to reds\r\n\r\nThe wines are attractive modern, cold-fermented whites\r\n\r\nThe climate is wind-swept continental\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nGained fame over last ten years\r\n\r\nPowerful red wines\r\n\r\nSome good value wines, but many more expensive now\r\n\r\nSmall DO created in 1987: 34 wineries\r\n\r\nMain varietal: Tinta de Toro (Tempranillo)\r\n\r\nContinental climate\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\n“Gateway to Galicia”: Currently high profile\r\n\r\nSmall red and white producing area\r\n\r\nDO created in 1988: 39 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grapes: Mencía and Godello\r\n\r\nMild climate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCataluña\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region with 12 DOs with many climatic and geographic variations\r\n\r\n1999: a region DO called DO Cataluña\r\n\r\nStrongest on whites but also great reds\r\n\r\nWidespread use of indigenous varieties\r\n\r\nWidespread use of French varieties\r\n\r\n90% of Cava produced here\r\n\r\nKey in spread of modern equipment and techniques\r\n\r\nAll of the DOs are improving dramatically\r\n\r\nDO Penedés\r\n\r\nImportant DO since 1960:  150 wineries\r\n\r\nImportant innovator in wine\r\n\r\nCenter of Cava production\r\n\r\nAlso elegant whites and reds\r\n\r\nDOCa Priorat\r\n\r\nSmall, exclusive DO since 1954: 26 wineries\r\n\r\nVery expensive wines\r\n\r\nFamous for huge, mineral red wines\r\n\r\nUnique soils: licorella\r\n\r\nUse of Garnacha and Cariñena with French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Montsant\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Priorat…less expensive\r\n\r\nDO Terra Alta\r\n\r\nStill rustic at times…similar potential to Priorat\r\n\r\nDO Alella\r\n\r\nTiny coastal DO: mostly known for whites\r\n\r\nDO Apurdán-Costa Brava\r\n\r\nSmall coastal DO known traditionally for rosados\r\n\r\nDO Concá de Barbera\r\n\r\nMedium size interior DO used as source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Costers de Segre\r\n\r\nSmall interior DO used a source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Plá de Bagés\r\n\r\nTiny interior DO known for crisp whites\r\n\r\nDO Tarragona\r\n\r\nLarge coastal/interior DO makes a wide variety of wines\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla La Mancha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region: one of the biggest in the world\r\n\r\n9 DOs:  more being created\r\n\r\nVery hot region producing Mediterranean style red wines\r\n\r\nVery good value and improving quality\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine still!\r\n\r\nVery good Vinos de la Tierra de Castilla\r\n\r\nAlso several Vinos de Pago\r\n\r\nDO La Mancha\r\n\r\nEnormous DO making good quality wine from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nDO Valdepeñas\r\n\r\nVery large DO making traditional wines from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nOther DOs\r\n\r\nDO Almansa, DO Manchela, DO Méntrida, DO Mondéjar, DO Riber del Júcar\r\n\r\nDO Vinos de Madrid\r\n\r\nNot technically La Mancha, but similar situation and similar wines\r\n\r\nImproving...but best wines are expensive\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n9.  Introduction to Spanish Denominations cont\'d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAragon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge region with 4 DOs\r\n\r\nOne is very high quality, the other three improving rapidly\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine made here\r\n\r\nExcellent climate for high quality wine\r\n\r\nDO Somontano\r\n\r\nSmall, but growing DO with excellent quality\r\n\r\nVery good prices\r\n\r\nElegant, varied wines from indigenous and French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Calatayud\r\n\r\nMedium DO still rustic but interesting old-vine Garnacha and cavas\r\n\r\nDO Cariñena\r\n\r\nLarge DO making lots of jug wine and some interesting old-vine Garnacha\r\n\r\nDO Campo de Borja\r\n\r\nMedium DO with lots of Garnacha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGalicia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMild, wet region known for interesting whites with 5 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Rias Baixas\r\n\r\nTop quality, small DO making whites from Albariño\r\n\r\nHumidity, rain, main challenges\r\n\r\nNo bulk wine allowed\r\n\r\nWines can be pricy\r\n\r\nDO Valdeorras\r\n\r\nHigh quality small DO on border with Leon\r\n\r\nEastern, sheltered location gives more full-bodied whites and reds from Godello and Mencía\r\n\r\nDO Monterei\r\n\r\nHot, sheltered, tiny DO makes mostly reds\r\n\r\nDO Ribeiro\r\n\r\nSmall, coastal DO makes light, spritzy, blended whites\r\n\r\nDO Ribera Sacra\r\n\r\nSmall DO making traditional Galician whites\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNavarra and Basque Country\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nOne large DO and 3 tiny ones\r\n\r\nDO Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge DO making some very good wines: 109 wineries\r\n\r\nUse of a lot of indigenous and foreign grapes\r\n\r\nReputation built on rosés\r\n\r\nNow many more interesting reds and whites\r\n\r\nCross between continental and Atlantic climate\r\n\r\nDO Txacoli\r\n\r\nThree separate DOs: Alava, Getaria, Vizcaya\r\n\r\nMaking vinho verde style wines from local varieties\r\n\r\nHondarribi Zuri and Hondarribi Beltza\r\n\r\nMost are easy-drinking quaffers, but a few more serious wines being made now\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nValencia and Murcia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge jug wine areas now making very interesting wines\r\n\r\nMurcia:  3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Jumilla\r\n\r\nEnormous DO with growing reputation for quality wines\r\n\r\nRed, quality wines based on Monastrell\r\n\r\nInteresting dessert wines\r\n\r\nDO Bullas\r\n\r\nSmall DO with higher altitude makes some interesting reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Yecla\r\n\r\nMedium DO similar to Jumilla\r\n\r\nValencia: 3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Valencia\r\n\r\nLarge DO making mostly insipid whites, but has potential for reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Utiel Requena\r\n\r\nHuge DO making lots of red jug wine\r\n\r\nVery good wines being made from Bobal\r\n\r\nDO Alicante\r\n\r\nLarge DO traditionally know for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNow making good reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nExtremadura\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge DO (Ribera del Guadiana) making mostly jug wines\r\n\r\nGood potential but little results\r\n\r\nBest results in whites, though reds should be better\r\n\r\nMany grapes varieties:  Tempranillo and Garnacha dominate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBalearics\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTiny production\r\n\r\nMost wine made for local tourist consumption\r\n\r\nCheap and cheerful\r\n\r\nSome quality red wine made but quite pricy\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Callet, Fogoneu, Manto Negro\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCanaries\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMedium production made for tourist industry\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Listran and Malvasia\r\n\r\nWhites much better than reds\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAndalucia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMostly fortified wines, but some interesting table wines being made in Malaga and around Granada\r\n\r\nDO Jerez\r\n\r\nLarge DO of 10,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMakes of fortified white wines of many types\r\n\r\nGrapes:\r\n\r\nPalomino for dry sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNon-vintage wines made in criadera and solera systems\r\n\r\nLike cava and champagne\r\n\r\nTo preserve house style\r\n\r\nFinos and Manzanillas\r\n\r\nMade in reductive style under protective \"flor\"\r\n\r\nDry and fresh\r\n\r\nAmontillado\r\n\r\nAged Fino\r\n\r\nHas oxidative notes plus freshness of Fino\r\n\r\nOloroso:\r\n\r\nSolera without flor\r\n\r\nOxidized style:  nutty, brown\r\n\r\nAll start out dry:  some have PX added for sweetness\r\n\r\nPalo Cortado\r\n\r\nRarest style\r\n\r\nCross between Oloroso and Amontillado\r\n\r\nHas flor for short time\r\n\r\nSweet sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX dried to raisins\r\n\r\nUsed as varietal wines and blenders\r\n\r\nDO Montilla Moriles\r\n\r\nVery similar wines to sherry but using PX as base wine\r\n\r\nWhole range from Fino to sweet stickies\r\n\r\nDO Malaga\r\n\r\nFortified dessert wines from Moscatel and PX\r\n\r\nDO Huelva\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Jerez\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDO Cava\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nA style DO, not geographic\r\n\r\nSparkling wine made in Champenoise style\r\n\r\nMostly white, some rosé\r\n\r\nTop sales in world before champagne\r\n\r\nProduced in 160 municipalities\r\n\r\nCataluña:  90% of cava made here\r\n\r\nOther provinces:  Rioja, Valencia, Extremadura, Aragon\r\n\r\nThree traditional grapes:  Macabeo, Parellada, Xarel.lo\r\n\r\nOther grapes:  Chardonnay, Monastrell, Pinot Noir\r\n\r\nTendency:  use of more French varieties\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Spanish Grape Varieties</strong>\r\n\r\nThere is no doubt that the great red grape, Tempranillo,  is king in Spain....it is by far the most important grape variety in terms of quality wine production and respect.  It sometimes seems people would prefer to drink a bad Tempranillo than order another grape variety! Tempranillo is a wonderful variety and offers a great variety of wines depending on the region and the local variant of the grape.  Though considering by many experts a \"noble\" grape\", some also would perhaps criticize Tempranillo for its lack of a distinct personality that shines trough in any terroir.\r\n\r\nTimes are changing and this is a good thing because Spain has some really interesting indigenous varieties other than Tempranillo. Spain does not have the rich diversity of indigenous varieties that is seen in italy or Portugal.  Many varieties were lost or reduced to non-commercial levels after the phyloxera blight at the end of the 19th century.  Much of the replanting was done with easier varietals and eventually with Tempranillo.  Luckily today there is some interest in reviving some of the local obscure varietals.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile some of the great red varieties to watch out for are:  Garnacha (Grenache), Mencia, Bobal, Monastrell (Mourvedre) etc.\r\n\r\nOutstanding white varieties include: Verdejo, Godello, Albariño, Viura, and Palomino\r\n\r\nYou can also find the all usual international grapes planted in Spain and being made into mediocre to very good wine.\r\n\r\nFor more detail on the major indigenous Spanish varietals see <a href=\"http://planetavino.net/newsite/spanish-grape-varieties/\">here</a>...\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Spain Wine In Brief','','inherit','open','open','','338-revision-9','','','2012-10-21 00:31:54','2012-10-21 00:31:54','',338,'http://planetavino.net/newsite/338-revision-9/',0,'revision','',0),(588,1,'2012-10-21 00:32:31','2012-10-21 00:32:31','Below you\'ll find a brief overview of Spanish wines, including a general introduction, wine law, and grape varieties.  This is the more detailed info for those who are looking for some background.\r\n\r\nI\'ve also created a great practical guide to drinking Spanish wine, the styles, identifying the Spanish wines you like by grape or region, figuring the best values and where you can find them.  To get this useful guide just sign up for my monthly newsletter here.  In my newsletter, I\'ll give you an update on the latest on Spanish wine and food and some top wine picks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>My Top Ten of Spanish wine</strong></h2>\r\n<strong>...or a total simplification of Spanish wine!  ....but useful sometimes...</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ol>\r\n	<li>Super dynamic wine market\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Getting world recognition</li>\r\n	<li>Lots of change in every corner of the country!</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Huge wine producer\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards in the world</li>\r\n	<li>3rd in wine production</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Red wine country\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Some of the top red wines in the world</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Whites wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Attractive, great value…improving rapidly</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>In Spain wines ordered by region, not by grape variety\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>70+ designated wine regions or wine appellations (Denominacion de Origen (DO))</li>\r\n	<li>Most important: Rioja, Ribera del Duero, Priorat</li>\r\n	<li>Many rising stars: Jumilla, Toro, Bierzo, La Mancha etc.</li>\r\n	<li>Aging designations on label: crianza, reserva,  gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Most important grape variety: Tempranillo\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties…but only 20 commercially important today</li>\r\n	<li>More and more international varieties:  Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Chardonnay etc.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spanish people drinking much less but drinking higher quality wine</li>\r\n	<li>Exports very important…40%\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers are:  UK, Germany, U.S.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Tendencies:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Old vines</li>\r\n	<li>Single vineyards/terroir wines</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes and unique indigenous grapes</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Blockbuster wines…High alcohol, super extracted, over-oaked</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Wines to wine points from wine critics (Parker effect), comercial wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less appellation wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less wines in traditional categories such as crianza, reserva and gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Conclusion:  Very high quality, consistency and still excellent prices. Some of the best value wines in the world!</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine in Brief...a little more detail!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLong history of winemaking (3000 years!)\r\n\r\nMost vineyards of any country in the world (15.5%)\r\n\r\nThird in world wine production after France and Italy (13%)\r\n\r\nJust over 50% of wine production is red\r\n\r\nMore than 600 indigenous grape varieties\r\n\r\nBut just 20 of them account for 80% of wine production\r\n\r\nTempranillo:  most important red grape in terms of quality and quantity\r\n\r\nMany other indigenous grapes used\r\n\r\nMencía, Monastrell, Bobal, Albariño, Verdejo, Viura etc. etc.\r\n\r\nInternational grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon on the rise\r\n\r\nVineyards in all 17 autonomous regions\r\n\r\nLa Mancha: (the greatest surface area of vines in the world)\r\n\r\nRioja:  most densely planted in Spain\r\n\r\n60% of production is table wine, 40% is quality wine\r\n\r\nClassification system for quality wine based on regional wine appellations\r\n\r\nThere are over 70 Denominación de Origen (DO) spread throughout Spain\r\n\r\nDO: wine appellation with strict rules controlling wine production\r\n\r\nDO wines often have indication of oak aging:  crianza, reserva, gran reserva\r\n\r\nOther categories of quality wine: DOCA, VCIG, Vino de Pago\r\n\r\nLesser classifications are now being used for some top wines\r\n\r\nUsed by winemakers looking for more freedom\r\n\r\nVino de la Tierra and Vino de Mesa\r\n\r\nOver 40% of Spanish production is exported (increasing)\r\n\r\nTop customers:  UK, Germany, USA\r\n\r\nSpain also has amazing cavas, dessert wines, and fortified wines at great values\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSome opinions (mine!)\r\n\r\nA red wine country\r\n\r\nRed wines are amongst the top in the world\r\n\r\nGood value, inexpensive whites dominate\r\n\r\nHigher quality whites coming on slowly\r\n\r\nIn full revolution\r\n\r\nGreat wines being made in every corner of Spain\r\n\r\nControversy of international styles vs traditional styles\r\n\r\nClassic regions face more competition\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero and Rioja still dominant in internal market\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero: quality reds but pricey\r\n\r\nRioja: a confusing variety of styles\r\n\r\nWine consumption trends\r\n\r\nSpaniards drinking less wine but better quality\r\n\r\nExport market becoming more and more important\r\n\r\nTendencies\r\n\r\nTechnology in the vineyard and winery\r\n\r\nSingle-vineyard wines (the idea of terroir)\r\n\r\nTrendy for rich and famous to get into making wine\r\n\r\nMore international styles: wines to please wine critics\r\n\r\nMore regional styles also trendy\r\n\r\nBlockbuster style:  more everything--alcohol, fruit, tannin, oak\r\n\r\nPrices still good but rising quickly\r\n\r\nMore international prestige but still behind France and Italy\r\n\r\nMore marketing needed!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBottom line:\r\n\r\nOutstanding variety and quality at all price ranges…best value wines in Western Europe!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Law\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ncut and paste table\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Regions\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDOCa Rioja\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRioja, Basque Country, Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge area known for red and some whites\r\n\r\nThree sub zones\r\n\r\nRioja Alta and Alavesa\r\n\r\nRioja Baja\r\n\r\nMost densely planted area in Spain\r\n\r\nClassic wine region that led the way\r\n\r\nBrought French influence in 19th century\r\n\r\nMost famous Spanish wine region internationally\r\n\r\nDO created in 1925 (1st)\r\n\r\nDOCa since 1991\r\n\r\n65,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMore than 550 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grape: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nAlso: Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano\r\n\r\nExperimental grape: Cabernet Sauvignon\r\n\r\nSomewhat of an identity crisis\r\n\r\nModern vs traditional\r\n\r\nMild climatological conditions\r\n\r\nAtlantic influence\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla Leon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVery important wine region with five important DOs\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\nDO Cigales\r\n\r\nAlso very important production of Vino de la Tierra de Castilla Leon\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO since 1982\r\n\r\nConsidered to produce some of the finest red wines in Spain\r\n\r\nTrendy and fast-growing areas\r\n\r\nPrices can be quite high\r\n\r\n8,000 ha of vineyards and over 178 wineries.\r\n\r\nGrape variety:  Tinto Fino, a variant of Tempranillo\r\n\r\nClimate: Continental with some Med influences\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nSmall wine region (6000ha) with 36 wineries\r\n\r\nWhite wines from Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc\r\n\r\nCreated in 1980 for whites\r\n\r\nSince 2001 open to reds\r\n\r\nThe wines are attractive modern, cold-fermented whites\r\n\r\nThe climate is wind-swept continental\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nGained fame over last ten years\r\n\r\nPowerful red wines\r\n\r\nSome good value wines, but many more expensive now\r\n\r\nSmall DO created in 1987: 34 wineries\r\n\r\nMain varietal: Tinta de Toro (Tempranillo)\r\n\r\nContinental climate\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\n“Gateway to Galicia”: Currently high profile\r\n\r\nSmall red and white producing area\r\n\r\nDO created in 1988: 39 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grapes: Mencía and Godello\r\n\r\nMild climate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCataluña\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region with 12 DOs with many climatic and geographic variations\r\n\r\n1999: a region DO called DO Cataluña\r\n\r\nStrongest on whites but also great reds\r\n\r\nWidespread use of indigenous varieties\r\n\r\nWidespread use of French varieties\r\n\r\n90% of Cava produced here\r\n\r\nKey in spread of modern equipment and techniques\r\n\r\nAll of the DOs are improving dramatically\r\n\r\nDO Penedés\r\n\r\nImportant DO since 1960:  150 wineries\r\n\r\nImportant innovator in wine\r\n\r\nCenter of Cava production\r\n\r\nAlso elegant whites and reds\r\n\r\nDOCa Priorat\r\n\r\nSmall, exclusive DO since 1954: 26 wineries\r\n\r\nVery expensive wines\r\n\r\nFamous for huge, mineral red wines\r\n\r\nUnique soils: licorella\r\n\r\nUse of Garnacha and Cariñena with French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Montsant\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Priorat…less expensive\r\n\r\nDO Terra Alta\r\n\r\nStill rustic at times…similar potential to Priorat\r\n\r\nDO Alella\r\n\r\nTiny coastal DO: mostly known for whites\r\n\r\nDO Apurdán-Costa Brava\r\n\r\nSmall coastal DO known traditionally for rosados\r\n\r\nDO Concá de Barbera\r\n\r\nMedium size interior DO used as source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Costers de Segre\r\n\r\nSmall interior DO used a source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Plá de Bagés\r\n\r\nTiny interior DO known for crisp whites\r\n\r\nDO Tarragona\r\n\r\nLarge coastal/interior DO makes a wide variety of wines\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla La Mancha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region: one of the biggest in the world\r\n\r\n9 DOs:  more being created\r\n\r\nVery hot region producing Mediterranean style red wines\r\n\r\nVery good value and improving quality\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine still!\r\n\r\nVery good Vinos de la Tierra de Castilla\r\n\r\nAlso several Vinos de Pago\r\n\r\nDO La Mancha\r\n\r\nEnormous DO making good quality wine from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nDO Valdepeñas\r\n\r\nVery large DO making traditional wines from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nOther DOs\r\n\r\nDO Almansa, DO Manchela, DO Méntrida, DO Mondéjar, DO Riber del Júcar\r\n\r\nDO Vinos de Madrid\r\n\r\nNot technically La Mancha, but similar situation and similar wines\r\n\r\nImproving...but best wines are expensive\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n9.  Introduction to Spanish Denominations cont\'d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAragon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge region with 4 DOs\r\n\r\nOne is very high quality, the other three improving rapidly\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine made here\r\n\r\nExcellent climate for high quality wine\r\n\r\nDO Somontano\r\n\r\nSmall, but growing DO with excellent quality\r\n\r\nVery good prices\r\n\r\nElegant, varied wines from indigenous and French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Calatayud\r\n\r\nMedium DO still rustic but interesting old-vine Garnacha and cavas\r\n\r\nDO Cariñena\r\n\r\nLarge DO making lots of jug wine and some interesting old-vine Garnacha\r\n\r\nDO Campo de Borja\r\n\r\nMedium DO with lots of Garnacha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGalicia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMild, wet region known for interesting whites with 5 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Rias Baixas\r\n\r\nTop quality, small DO making whites from Albariño\r\n\r\nHumidity, rain, main challenges\r\n\r\nNo bulk wine allowed\r\n\r\nWines can be pricy\r\n\r\nDO Valdeorras\r\n\r\nHigh quality small DO on border with Leon\r\n\r\nEastern, sheltered location gives more full-bodied whites and reds from Godello and Mencía\r\n\r\nDO Monterei\r\n\r\nHot, sheltered, tiny DO makes mostly reds\r\n\r\nDO Ribeiro\r\n\r\nSmall, coastal DO makes light, spritzy, blended whites\r\n\r\nDO Ribera Sacra\r\n\r\nSmall DO making traditional Galician whites\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNavarra and Basque Country\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nOne large DO and 3 tiny ones\r\n\r\nDO Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge DO making some very good wines: 109 wineries\r\n\r\nUse of a lot of indigenous and foreign grapes\r\n\r\nReputation built on rosés\r\n\r\nNow many more interesting reds and whites\r\n\r\nCross between continental and Atlantic climate\r\n\r\nDO Txacoli\r\n\r\nThree separate DOs: Alava, Getaria, Vizcaya\r\n\r\nMaking vinho verde style wines from local varieties\r\n\r\nHondarribi Zuri and Hondarribi Beltza\r\n\r\nMost are easy-drinking quaffers, but a few more serious wines being made now\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nValencia and Murcia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge jug wine areas now making very interesting wines\r\n\r\nMurcia:  3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Jumilla\r\n\r\nEnormous DO with growing reputation for quality wines\r\n\r\nRed, quality wines based on Monastrell\r\n\r\nInteresting dessert wines\r\n\r\nDO Bullas\r\n\r\nSmall DO with higher altitude makes some interesting reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Yecla\r\n\r\nMedium DO similar to Jumilla\r\n\r\nValencia: 3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Valencia\r\n\r\nLarge DO making mostly insipid whites, but has potential for reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Utiel Requena\r\n\r\nHuge DO making lots of red jug wine\r\n\r\nVery good wines being made from Bobal\r\n\r\nDO Alicante\r\n\r\nLarge DO traditionally know for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNow making good reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nExtremadura\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge DO (Ribera del Guadiana) making mostly jug wines\r\n\r\nGood potential but little results\r\n\r\nBest results in whites, though reds should be better\r\n\r\nMany grapes varieties:  Tempranillo and Garnacha dominate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBalearics\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTiny production\r\n\r\nMost wine made for local tourist consumption\r\n\r\nCheap and cheerful\r\n\r\nSome quality red wine made but quite pricy\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Callet, Fogoneu, Manto Negro\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCanaries\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMedium production made for tourist industry\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Listran and Malvasia\r\n\r\nWhites much better than reds\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAndalucia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMostly fortified wines, but some interesting table wines being made in Malaga and around Granada\r\n\r\nDO Jerez\r\n\r\nLarge DO of 10,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMakes of fortified white wines of many types\r\n\r\nGrapes:\r\n\r\nPalomino for dry sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNon-vintage wines made in criadera and solera systems\r\n\r\nLike cava and champagne\r\n\r\nTo preserve house style\r\n\r\nFinos and Manzanillas\r\n\r\nMade in reductive style under protective \"flor\"\r\n\r\nDry and fresh\r\n\r\nAmontillado\r\n\r\nAged Fino\r\n\r\nHas oxidative notes plus freshness of Fino\r\n\r\nOloroso:\r\n\r\nSolera without flor\r\n\r\nOxidized style:  nutty, brown\r\n\r\nAll start out dry:  some have PX added for sweetness\r\n\r\nPalo Cortado\r\n\r\nRarest style\r\n\r\nCross between Oloroso and Amontillado\r\n\r\nHas flor for short time\r\n\r\nSweet sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX dried to raisins\r\n\r\nUsed as varietal wines and blenders\r\n\r\nDO Montilla Moriles\r\n\r\nVery similar wines to sherry but using PX as base wine\r\n\r\nWhole range from Fino to sweet stickies\r\n\r\nDO Malaga\r\n\r\nFortified dessert wines from Moscatel and PX\r\n\r\nDO Huelva\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Jerez\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDO Cava\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nA style DO, not geographic\r\n\r\nSparkling wine made in Champenoise style\r\n\r\nMostly white, some rosé\r\n\r\nTop sales in world before champagne\r\n\r\nProduced in 160 municipalities\r\n\r\nCataluña:  90% of cava made here\r\n\r\nOther provinces:  Rioja, Valencia, Extremadura, Aragon\r\n\r\nThree traditional grapes:  Macabeo, Parellada, Xarel.lo\r\n\r\nOther grapes:  Chardonnay, Monastrell, Pinot Noir\r\n\r\nTendency:  use of more French varieties\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Spanish Grape Varieties</strong>\r\n\r\nThere is no doubt that the great red grape, Tempranillo,  is king in Spain....it is by far the most important grape variety in terms of quality wine production and respect.  It sometimes seems people would prefer to drink a bad Tempranillo than order another grape variety! Tempranillo is a wonderful variety and offers a great variety of wines depending on the region and the local variant of the grape.  Though considering by many experts a \"noble\" grape\", some also would perhaps criticize Tempranillo for its lack of a distinct personality that shines trough in any terroir.\r\n\r\nTimes are changing and this is a good thing because Spain has some really interesting indigenous varieties other than Tempranillo. Spain does not have the rich diversity of indigenous varieties that is seen in italy or Portugal.  Many varieties were lost or reduced to non-commercial levels after the phyloxera blight at the end of the 19th century.  Much of the replanting was done with easier varietals and eventually with Tempranillo.  Luckily today there is some interest in reviving some of the local obscure varietals.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile some of the great red varieties to watch out for are:  Garnacha (Grenache), Mencia, Bobal, Monastrell (Mourvedre) etc.\r\n\r\nOutstanding white varieties include: Verdejo, Godello, Albariño, Viura, and Palomino\r\n\r\nYou can also find the all usual international grapes planted in Spain and being made into mediocre to very good wine.\r\n\r\nFor more detail on the major indigenous Spanish varietals see <a href=\"http://planetavino.net/newsite/spanish-grape-varieties/\">here</a>...\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Spain Wine In Brief','','inherit','open','open','','338-revision-10','','','2012-10-21 00:32:31','2012-10-21 00:32:31','',338,'http://planetavino.net/newsite/338-revision-10/',0,'revision','',0),(589,1,'2012-10-21 00:35:32','2012-10-21 00:35:32','Below you\'ll find a brief overview of Spanish wines, including a general introduction, wine law, and grape varieties.  This is the more detailed info for those who are looking for some background.\r\n\r\nI\'ve also created a great practical guide to drinking Spanish wine, the styles, identifying the Spanish wines you like by grape or region, figuring the best values and where you can find them.  To get this useful guide just sign up for my monthly newsletter here.  In my newsletter, I\'ll give you an update on the latest on Spanish wine and food and some top wine picks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>My Top Ten of Spanish wine</strong></h2>\r\n<strong>...or a total simplification of Spanish wine!  ....but useful sometimes...</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ol>\r\n	<li>Super dynamic wine market\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Getting world recognition</li>\r\n	<li>Lots of change in every corner of the country!</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Huge wine producer\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards in the world</li>\r\n	<li>3rd in wine production</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Red wine country\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Some of the top red wines in the world</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Whites wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Attractive, great value…improving rapidly</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>In Spain wines ordered by region, not by grape variety\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>70+ designated wine regions or wine appellations (Denominacion de Origen (DO))</li>\r\n	<li>Most important: Rioja, Ribera del Duero, Priorat</li>\r\n	<li>Many rising stars: Jumilla, Toro, Bierzo, La Mancha etc.</li>\r\n	<li>Aging designations on label: crianza, reserva,  gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Most important grape variety: Tempranillo\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties…but only 20 commercially important today</li>\r\n	<li>More and more international varieties:  Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Chardonnay etc.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spanish people drinking much less but drinking higher quality wine</li>\r\n	<li>Exports very important…40%\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers are:  UK, Germany, U.S.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Tendencies:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Old vines</li>\r\n	<li>Single vineyards/terroir wines</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes and unique indigenous grapes</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Blockbuster wines…High alcohol, super extracted, over-oaked</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Wines to wine points from wine critics (Parker effect), comercial wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less appellation wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less wines in traditional categories such as crianza, reserva and gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Conclusion:  Very high quality, consistency and still excellent prices. Some of the best value wines in the world!</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<h2><strong>A few more details!</h2></strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLong history of winemaking (3000 years!)\r\n\r\nMost vineyards of any country in the world (15.5%)\r\n\r\nThird in world wine production after France and Italy (13%)\r\n\r\nJust over 50% of wine production is red\r\n\r\nMore than 600 indigenous grape varieties\r\n\r\nBut just 20 of them account for 80% of wine production\r\n\r\nTempranillo:  most important red grape in terms of quality and quantity\r\n\r\nMany other indigenous grapes used\r\n\r\nMencía, Monastrell, Bobal, Albariño, Verdejo, Viura etc. etc.\r\n\r\nInternational grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon on the rise\r\n\r\nVineyards in all 17 autonomous regions\r\n\r\nLa Mancha: (the greatest surface area of vines in the world)\r\n\r\nRioja:  most densely planted in Spain\r\n\r\n60% of production is table wine, 40% is quality wine\r\n\r\nClassification system for quality wine based on regional wine appellations\r\n\r\nThere are over 70 Denominación de Origen (DO) spread throughout Spain\r\n\r\nDO: wine appellation with strict rules controlling wine production\r\n\r\nDO wines often have indication of oak aging:  crianza, reserva, gran reserva\r\n\r\nOther categories of quality wine: DOCA, VCIG, Vino de Pago\r\n\r\nLesser classifications are now being used for some top wines\r\n\r\nUsed by winemakers looking for more freedom\r\n\r\nVino de la Tierra and Vino de Mesa\r\n\r\nOver 40% of Spanish production is exported (increasing)\r\n\r\nTop customers:  UK, Germany, USA\r\n\r\nSpain also has amazing cavas, dessert wines, and fortified wines at great values\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSome opinions (mine!)\r\n\r\nA red wine country\r\n\r\nRed wines are amongst the top in the world\r\n\r\nGood value, inexpensive whites dominate\r\n\r\nHigher quality whites coming on slowly\r\n\r\nIn full revolution\r\n\r\nGreat wines being made in every corner of Spain\r\n\r\nControversy of international styles vs traditional styles\r\n\r\nClassic regions face more competition\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero and Rioja still dominant in internal market\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero: quality reds but pricey\r\n\r\nRioja: a confusing variety of styles\r\n\r\nWine consumption trends\r\n\r\nSpaniards drinking less wine but better quality\r\n\r\nExport market becoming more and more important\r\n\r\nTendencies\r\n\r\nTechnology in the vineyard and winery\r\n\r\nSingle-vineyard wines (the idea of terroir)\r\n\r\nTrendy for rich and famous to get into making wine\r\n\r\nMore international styles: wines to please wine critics\r\n\r\nMore regional styles also trendy\r\n\r\nBlockbuster style:  more everything--alcohol, fruit, tannin, oak\r\n\r\nPrices still good but rising quickly\r\n\r\nMore international prestige but still behind France and Italy\r\n\r\nMore marketing needed!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBottom line:\r\n\r\nOutstanding variety and quality at all price ranges…best value wines in Western Europe!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Law\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ncut and paste table\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Regions\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDOCa Rioja\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRioja, Basque Country, Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge area known for red and some whites\r\n\r\nThree sub zones\r\n\r\nRioja Alta and Alavesa\r\n\r\nRioja Baja\r\n\r\nMost densely planted area in Spain\r\n\r\nClassic wine region that led the way\r\n\r\nBrought French influence in 19th century\r\n\r\nMost famous Spanish wine region internationally\r\n\r\nDO created in 1925 (1st)\r\n\r\nDOCa since 1991\r\n\r\n65,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMore than 550 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grape: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nAlso: Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano\r\n\r\nExperimental grape: Cabernet Sauvignon\r\n\r\nSomewhat of an identity crisis\r\n\r\nModern vs traditional\r\n\r\nMild climatological conditions\r\n\r\nAtlantic influence\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla Leon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVery important wine region with five important DOs\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\nDO Cigales\r\n\r\nAlso very important production of Vino de la Tierra de Castilla Leon\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO since 1982\r\n\r\nConsidered to produce some of the finest red wines in Spain\r\n\r\nTrendy and fast-growing areas\r\n\r\nPrices can be quite high\r\n\r\n8,000 ha of vineyards and over 178 wineries.\r\n\r\nGrape variety:  Tinto Fino, a variant of Tempranillo\r\n\r\nClimate: Continental with some Med influences\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nSmall wine region (6000ha) with 36 wineries\r\n\r\nWhite wines from Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc\r\n\r\nCreated in 1980 for whites\r\n\r\nSince 2001 open to reds\r\n\r\nThe wines are attractive modern, cold-fermented whites\r\n\r\nThe climate is wind-swept continental\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nGained fame over last ten years\r\n\r\nPowerful red wines\r\n\r\nSome good value wines, but many more expensive now\r\n\r\nSmall DO created in 1987: 34 wineries\r\n\r\nMain varietal: Tinta de Toro (Tempranillo)\r\n\r\nContinental climate\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\n“Gateway to Galicia”: Currently high profile\r\n\r\nSmall red and white producing area\r\n\r\nDO created in 1988: 39 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grapes: Mencía and Godello\r\n\r\nMild climate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCataluña\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region with 12 DOs with many climatic and geographic variations\r\n\r\n1999: a region DO called DO Cataluña\r\n\r\nStrongest on whites but also great reds\r\n\r\nWidespread use of indigenous varieties\r\n\r\nWidespread use of French varieties\r\n\r\n90% of Cava produced here\r\n\r\nKey in spread of modern equipment and techniques\r\n\r\nAll of the DOs are improving dramatically\r\n\r\nDO Penedés\r\n\r\nImportant DO since 1960:  150 wineries\r\n\r\nImportant innovator in wine\r\n\r\nCenter of Cava production\r\n\r\nAlso elegant whites and reds\r\n\r\nDOCa Priorat\r\n\r\nSmall, exclusive DO since 1954: 26 wineries\r\n\r\nVery expensive wines\r\n\r\nFamous for huge, mineral red wines\r\n\r\nUnique soils: licorella\r\n\r\nUse of Garnacha and Cariñena with French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Montsant\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Priorat…less expensive\r\n\r\nDO Terra Alta\r\n\r\nStill rustic at times…similar potential to Priorat\r\n\r\nDO Alella\r\n\r\nTiny coastal DO: mostly known for whites\r\n\r\nDO Apurdán-Costa Brava\r\n\r\nSmall coastal DO known traditionally for rosados\r\n\r\nDO Concá de Barbera\r\n\r\nMedium size interior DO used as source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Costers de Segre\r\n\r\nSmall interior DO used a source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Plá de Bagés\r\n\r\nTiny interior DO known for crisp whites\r\n\r\nDO Tarragona\r\n\r\nLarge coastal/interior DO makes a wide variety of wines\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla La Mancha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region: one of the biggest in the world\r\n\r\n9 DOs:  more being created\r\n\r\nVery hot region producing Mediterranean style red wines\r\n\r\nVery good value and improving quality\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine still!\r\n\r\nVery good Vinos de la Tierra de Castilla\r\n\r\nAlso several Vinos de Pago\r\n\r\nDO La Mancha\r\n\r\nEnormous DO making good quality wine from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nDO Valdepeñas\r\n\r\nVery large DO making traditional wines from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nOther DOs\r\n\r\nDO Almansa, DO Manchela, DO Méntrida, DO Mondéjar, DO Riber del Júcar\r\n\r\nDO Vinos de Madrid\r\n\r\nNot technically La Mancha, but similar situation and similar wines\r\n\r\nImproving...but best wines are expensive\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n9.  Introduction to Spanish Denominations cont\'d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAragon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge region with 4 DOs\r\n\r\nOne is very high quality, the other three improving rapidly\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine made here\r\n\r\nExcellent climate for high quality wine\r\n\r\nDO Somontano\r\n\r\nSmall, but growing DO with excellent quality\r\n\r\nVery good prices\r\n\r\nElegant, varied wines from indigenous and French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Calatayud\r\n\r\nMedium DO still rustic but interesting old-vine Garnacha and cavas\r\n\r\nDO Cariñena\r\n\r\nLarge DO making lots of jug wine and some interesting old-vine Garnacha\r\n\r\nDO Campo de Borja\r\n\r\nMedium DO with lots of Garnacha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGalicia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMild, wet region known for interesting whites with 5 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Rias Baixas\r\n\r\nTop quality, small DO making whites from Albariño\r\n\r\nHumidity, rain, main challenges\r\n\r\nNo bulk wine allowed\r\n\r\nWines can be pricy\r\n\r\nDO Valdeorras\r\n\r\nHigh quality small DO on border with Leon\r\n\r\nEastern, sheltered location gives more full-bodied whites and reds from Godello and Mencía\r\n\r\nDO Monterei\r\n\r\nHot, sheltered, tiny DO makes mostly reds\r\n\r\nDO Ribeiro\r\n\r\nSmall, coastal DO makes light, spritzy, blended whites\r\n\r\nDO Ribera Sacra\r\n\r\nSmall DO making traditional Galician whites\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNavarra and Basque Country\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nOne large DO and 3 tiny ones\r\n\r\nDO Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge DO making some very good wines: 109 wineries\r\n\r\nUse of a lot of indigenous and foreign grapes\r\n\r\nReputation built on rosés\r\n\r\nNow many more interesting reds and whites\r\n\r\nCross between continental and Atlantic climate\r\n\r\nDO Txacoli\r\n\r\nThree separate DOs: Alava, Getaria, Vizcaya\r\n\r\nMaking vinho verde style wines from local varieties\r\n\r\nHondarribi Zuri and Hondarribi Beltza\r\n\r\nMost are easy-drinking quaffers, but a few more serious wines being made now\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nValencia and Murcia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge jug wine areas now making very interesting wines\r\n\r\nMurcia:  3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Jumilla\r\n\r\nEnormous DO with growing reputation for quality wines\r\n\r\nRed, quality wines based on Monastrell\r\n\r\nInteresting dessert wines\r\n\r\nDO Bullas\r\n\r\nSmall DO with higher altitude makes some interesting reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Yecla\r\n\r\nMedium DO similar to Jumilla\r\n\r\nValencia: 3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Valencia\r\n\r\nLarge DO making mostly insipid whites, but has potential for reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Utiel Requena\r\n\r\nHuge DO making lots of red jug wine\r\n\r\nVery good wines being made from Bobal\r\n\r\nDO Alicante\r\n\r\nLarge DO traditionally know for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNow making good reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nExtremadura\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge DO (Ribera del Guadiana) making mostly jug wines\r\n\r\nGood potential but little results\r\n\r\nBest results in whites, though reds should be better\r\n\r\nMany grapes varieties:  Tempranillo and Garnacha dominate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBalearics\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTiny production\r\n\r\nMost wine made for local tourist consumption\r\n\r\nCheap and cheerful\r\n\r\nSome quality red wine made but quite pricy\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Callet, Fogoneu, Manto Negro\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCanaries\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMedium production made for tourist industry\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Listran and Malvasia\r\n\r\nWhites much better than reds\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAndalucia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMostly fortified wines, but some interesting table wines being made in Malaga and around Granada\r\n\r\nDO Jerez\r\n\r\nLarge DO of 10,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMakes of fortified white wines of many types\r\n\r\nGrapes:\r\n\r\nPalomino for dry sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNon-vintage wines made in criadera and solera systems\r\n\r\nLike cava and champagne\r\n\r\nTo preserve house style\r\n\r\nFinos and Manzanillas\r\n\r\nMade in reductive style under protective \"flor\"\r\n\r\nDry and fresh\r\n\r\nAmontillado\r\n\r\nAged Fino\r\n\r\nHas oxidative notes plus freshness of Fino\r\n\r\nOloroso:\r\n\r\nSolera without flor\r\n\r\nOxidized style:  nutty, brown\r\n\r\nAll start out dry:  some have PX added for sweetness\r\n\r\nPalo Cortado\r\n\r\nRarest style\r\n\r\nCross between Oloroso and Amontillado\r\n\r\nHas flor for short time\r\n\r\nSweet sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX dried to raisins\r\n\r\nUsed as varietal wines and blenders\r\n\r\nDO Montilla Moriles\r\n\r\nVery similar wines to sherry but using PX as base wine\r\n\r\nWhole range from Fino to sweet stickies\r\n\r\nDO Malaga\r\n\r\nFortified dessert wines from Moscatel and PX\r\n\r\nDO Huelva\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Jerez\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDO Cava\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nA style DO, not geographic\r\n\r\nSparkling wine made in Champenoise style\r\n\r\nMostly white, some rosé\r\n\r\nTop sales in world before champagne\r\n\r\nProduced in 160 municipalities\r\n\r\nCataluña:  90% of cava made here\r\n\r\nOther provinces:  Rioja, Valencia, Extremadura, Aragon\r\n\r\nThree traditional grapes:  Macabeo, Parellada, Xarel.lo\r\n\r\nOther grapes:  Chardonnay, Monastrell, Pinot Noir\r\n\r\nTendency:  use of more French varieties\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Spanish Grape Varieties</strong>\r\n\r\nThere is no doubt that the great red grape, Tempranillo,  is king in Spain....it is by far the most important grape variety in terms of quality wine production and respect.  It sometimes seems people would prefer to drink a bad Tempranillo than order another grape variety! Tempranillo is a wonderful variety and offers a great variety of wines depending on the region and the local variant of the grape.  Though considering by many experts a \"noble\" grape\", some also would perhaps criticize Tempranillo for its lack of a distinct personality that shines trough in any terroir.\r\n\r\nTimes are changing and this is a good thing because Spain has some really interesting indigenous varieties other than Tempranillo. Spain does not have the rich diversity of indigenous varieties that is seen in italy or Portugal.  Many varieties were lost or reduced to non-commercial levels after the phyloxera blight at the end of the 19th century.  Much of the replanting was done with easier varietals and eventually with Tempranillo.  Luckily today there is some interest in reviving some of the local obscure varietals.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile some of the great red varieties to watch out for are:  Garnacha (Grenache), Mencia, Bobal, Monastrell (Mourvedre) etc.\r\n\r\nOutstanding white varieties include: Verdejo, Godello, Albariño, Viura, and Palomino\r\n\r\nYou can also find the all usual international grapes planted in Spain and being made into mediocre to very good wine.\r\n\r\nFor more detail on the major indigenous Spanish varietals see <a href=\"http://planetavino.net/newsite/spanish-grape-varieties/\">here</a>...\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Spain Wine In Brief','','inherit','open','open','','338-revision-11','','','2012-10-21 00:35:32','2012-10-21 00:35:32','',338,'http://planetavino.net/newsite/338-revision-11/',0,'revision','',0),(590,1,'2012-10-21 00:45:29','2012-10-21 00:45:29','Below you\'ll find a brief overview of Spanish wines, including a general introduction, wine law, and grape varieties.  This is the more detailed info for those who are looking for some background.\r\n\r\nI\'ve also created a great practical guide to drinking Spanish wine, the styles, identifying the Spanish wines you like by grape or region, figuring the best values and where you can find them.  To get this useful guide just sign up for my monthly newsletter here.  In my newsletter, I\'ll give you an update on the latest on Spanish wine and food and some top wine picks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>My Top Ten of Spanish wine</strong></h2>\r\n<strong>...or a total simplification of Spanish wine!  ....but useful sometimes...</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ol>\r\n	<li>Super dynamic wine market\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Getting world recognition</li>\r\n	<li>Lots of change in every corner of the country!</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Huge wine producer\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards in the world</li>\r\n	<li>3rd in wine production</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Red wine country\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Some of the top red wines in the world</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Whites wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Attractive, great value…improving rapidly</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>In Spain wines ordered by region, not by grape variety\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>70+ designated wine regions or wine appellations (Denominacion de Origen (DO))</li>\r\n	<li>Most important: Rioja, Ribera del Duero, Priorat</li>\r\n	<li>Many rising stars: Jumilla, Toro, Bierzo, La Mancha etc.</li>\r\n	<li>Aging designations on label: crianza, reserva,  gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Most important grape variety: Tempranillo\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties…but only 20 commercially important today</li>\r\n	<li>More and more international varieties:  Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Chardonnay etc.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spanish people drinking much less but drinking higher quality wine</li>\r\n	<li>Exports very important…40%\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers are:  UK, Germany, U.S.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Tendencies:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Old vines</li>\r\n	<li>Single vineyards/terroir wines</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes and unique indigenous grapes</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Blockbuster wines…High alcohol, super extracted, over-oaked</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Wines to wine points from wine critics (Parker effect), comercial wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less appellation wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less wines in traditional categories such as crianza, reserva and gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Conclusion:  Very high quality, consistency and still excellent prices. Some of the best value wines in the world!</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>A few more details...</strong></h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> Long history of winemaking (3000 years!)</li>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards of any country in the world (15.5%)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Third in world wine production after France and Italy (13%)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Just over 50% of wine production is red\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Around 60% of production is table wine, 40% is quality wine</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>But just 20 of them account for 80% of wine production</li>\r\n	<li>Tempranillo:  most important red grape in terms of quality and quantity</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon on the rise</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Vineyards in all 17 autonomous regions\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>La Mancha: (the greatest surface area of vines in the world)</li>\r\n	<li>Rioja:  most densely planted in Spain</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Classification system for quality wine based on regional wine appellations\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>There are over 70 Denominación de Origen (DO) spread throughout Spain</li>\r\n	<li>DO: wine appellation with strict rules controlling viticulture and wine production</li>\r\n	<li>DO wines often have indication of oak aging:  crianza, reserva, gran reserva</li>\r\n	<li>Other categories of quality wine: DOCA, VCIG, Vino de Pago</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Lesser classifications are now being used for some top wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vino de la Tierra and Vino de Mesa</li>\r\n	<li>Used in areas outside designated DOs</li>\r\n	<li>Also used by some winemakers looking for more flexibility</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Over 40% of Spanish production is exported (increasing)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers in terms of value:  UK, Germany, USA</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain also has amazing cavas, dessert wines, and fortified wines at great values</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSome opinions (mine!)\r\n\r\nA red wine country\r\n\r\nRed wines are amongst the top in the world\r\n\r\nGood value, inexpensive whites dominate\r\n\r\nHigher quality whites coming on slowly\r\n\r\nIn full revolution\r\n\r\nGreat wines being made in every corner of Spain\r\n\r\nControversy of international styles vs traditional styles\r\n\r\nClassic regions face more competition\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero and Rioja still dominant in internal market\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero: quality reds but pricey\r\n\r\nRioja: a confusing variety of styles\r\n\r\nWine consumption trends\r\n\r\nSpaniards drinking less wine but better quality\r\n\r\nExport market becoming more and more important\r\n\r\nTendencies\r\n\r\nTechnology in the vineyard and winery\r\n\r\nSingle-vineyard wines (the idea of terroir)\r\n\r\nTrendy for rich and famous to get into making wine\r\n\r\nMore international styles: wines to please wine critics\r\n\r\nMore regional styles also trendy\r\n\r\nBlockbuster style:  more everything--alcohol, fruit, tannin, oak\r\n\r\nPrices still good but rising quickly\r\n\r\nMore international prestige but still behind France and Italy\r\n\r\nMore marketing needed!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBottom line:\r\n\r\nOutstanding variety and quality at all price ranges…best value wines in Western Europe!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Law\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ncut and paste table\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Regions\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDOCa Rioja\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRioja, Basque Country, Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge area known for red and some whites\r\n\r\nThree sub zones\r\n\r\nRioja Alta and Alavesa\r\n\r\nRioja Baja\r\n\r\nMost densely planted area in Spain\r\n\r\nClassic wine region that led the way\r\n\r\nBrought French influence in 19th century\r\n\r\nMost famous Spanish wine region internationally\r\n\r\nDO created in 1925 (1st)\r\n\r\nDOCa since 1991\r\n\r\n65,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMore than 550 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grape: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nAlso: Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano\r\n\r\nExperimental grape: Cabernet Sauvignon\r\n\r\nSomewhat of an identity crisis\r\n\r\nModern vs traditional\r\n\r\nMild climatological conditions\r\n\r\nAtlantic influence\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla Leon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVery important wine region with five important DOs\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\nDO Cigales\r\n\r\nAlso very important production of Vino de la Tierra de Castilla Leon\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO since 1982\r\n\r\nConsidered to produce some of the finest red wines in Spain\r\n\r\nTrendy and fast-growing areas\r\n\r\nPrices can be quite high\r\n\r\n8,000 ha of vineyards and over 178 wineries.\r\n\r\nGrape variety:  Tinto Fino, a variant of Tempranillo\r\n\r\nClimate: Continental with some Med influences\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nSmall wine region (6000ha) with 36 wineries\r\n\r\nWhite wines from Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc\r\n\r\nCreated in 1980 for whites\r\n\r\nSince 2001 open to reds\r\n\r\nThe wines are attractive modern, cold-fermented whites\r\n\r\nThe climate is wind-swept continental\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nGained fame over last ten years\r\n\r\nPowerful red wines\r\n\r\nSome good value wines, but many more expensive now\r\n\r\nSmall DO created in 1987: 34 wineries\r\n\r\nMain varietal: Tinta de Toro (Tempranillo)\r\n\r\nContinental climate\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\n“Gateway to Galicia”: Currently high profile\r\n\r\nSmall red and white producing area\r\n\r\nDO created in 1988: 39 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grapes: Mencía and Godello\r\n\r\nMild climate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCataluña\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region with 12 DOs with many climatic and geographic variations\r\n\r\n1999: a region DO called DO Cataluña\r\n\r\nStrongest on whites but also great reds\r\n\r\nWidespread use of indigenous varieties\r\n\r\nWidespread use of French varieties\r\n\r\n90% of Cava produced here\r\n\r\nKey in spread of modern equipment and techniques\r\n\r\nAll of the DOs are improving dramatically\r\n\r\nDO Penedés\r\n\r\nImportant DO since 1960:  150 wineries\r\n\r\nImportant innovator in wine\r\n\r\nCenter of Cava production\r\n\r\nAlso elegant whites and reds\r\n\r\nDOCa Priorat\r\n\r\nSmall, exclusive DO since 1954: 26 wineries\r\n\r\nVery expensive wines\r\n\r\nFamous for huge, mineral red wines\r\n\r\nUnique soils: licorella\r\n\r\nUse of Garnacha and Cariñena with French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Montsant\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Priorat…less expensive\r\n\r\nDO Terra Alta\r\n\r\nStill rustic at times…similar potential to Priorat\r\n\r\nDO Alella\r\n\r\nTiny coastal DO: mostly known for whites\r\n\r\nDO Apurdán-Costa Brava\r\n\r\nSmall coastal DO known traditionally for rosados\r\n\r\nDO Concá de Barbera\r\n\r\nMedium size interior DO used as source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Costers de Segre\r\n\r\nSmall interior DO used a source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Plá de Bagés\r\n\r\nTiny interior DO known for crisp whites\r\n\r\nDO Tarragona\r\n\r\nLarge coastal/interior DO makes a wide variety of wines\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla La Mancha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region: one of the biggest in the world\r\n\r\n9 DOs:  more being created\r\n\r\nVery hot region producing Mediterranean style red wines\r\n\r\nVery good value and improving quality\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine still!\r\n\r\nVery good Vinos de la Tierra de Castilla\r\n\r\nAlso several Vinos de Pago\r\n\r\nDO La Mancha\r\n\r\nEnormous DO making good quality wine from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nDO Valdepeñas\r\n\r\nVery large DO making traditional wines from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nOther DOs\r\n\r\nDO Almansa, DO Manchela, DO Méntrida, DO Mondéjar, DO Riber del Júcar\r\n\r\nDO Vinos de Madrid\r\n\r\nNot technically La Mancha, but similar situation and similar wines\r\n\r\nImproving...but best wines are expensive\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n9.  Introduction to Spanish Denominations cont\'d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAragon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge region with 4 DOs\r\n\r\nOne is very high quality, the other three improving rapidly\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine made here\r\n\r\nExcellent climate for high quality wine\r\n\r\nDO Somontano\r\n\r\nSmall, but growing DO with excellent quality\r\n\r\nVery good prices\r\n\r\nElegant, varied wines from indigenous and French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Calatayud\r\n\r\nMedium DO still rustic but interesting old-vine Garnacha and cavas\r\n\r\nDO Cariñena\r\n\r\nLarge DO making lots of jug wine and some interesting old-vine Garnacha\r\n\r\nDO Campo de Borja\r\n\r\nMedium DO with lots of Garnacha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGalicia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMild, wet region known for interesting whites with 5 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Rias Baixas\r\n\r\nTop quality, small DO making whites from Albariño\r\n\r\nHumidity, rain, main challenges\r\n\r\nNo bulk wine allowed\r\n\r\nWines can be pricy\r\n\r\nDO Valdeorras\r\n\r\nHigh quality small DO on border with Leon\r\n\r\nEastern, sheltered location gives more full-bodied whites and reds from Godello and Mencía\r\n\r\nDO Monterei\r\n\r\nHot, sheltered, tiny DO makes mostly reds\r\n\r\nDO Ribeiro\r\n\r\nSmall, coastal DO makes light, spritzy, blended whites\r\n\r\nDO Ribera Sacra\r\n\r\nSmall DO making traditional Galician whites\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNavarra and Basque Country\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nOne large DO and 3 tiny ones\r\n\r\nDO Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge DO making some very good wines: 109 wineries\r\n\r\nUse of a lot of indigenous and foreign grapes\r\n\r\nReputation built on rosés\r\n\r\nNow many more interesting reds and whites\r\n\r\nCross between continental and Atlantic climate\r\n\r\nDO Txacoli\r\n\r\nThree separate DOs: Alava, Getaria, Vizcaya\r\n\r\nMaking vinho verde style wines from local varieties\r\n\r\nHondarribi Zuri and Hondarribi Beltza\r\n\r\nMost are easy-drinking quaffers, but a few more serious wines being made now\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nValencia and Murcia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge jug wine areas now making very interesting wines\r\n\r\nMurcia:  3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Jumilla\r\n\r\nEnormous DO with growing reputation for quality wines\r\n\r\nRed, quality wines based on Monastrell\r\n\r\nInteresting dessert wines\r\n\r\nDO Bullas\r\n\r\nSmall DO with higher altitude makes some interesting reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Yecla\r\n\r\nMedium DO similar to Jumilla\r\n\r\nValencia: 3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Valencia\r\n\r\nLarge DO making mostly insipid whites, but has potential for reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Utiel Requena\r\n\r\nHuge DO making lots of red jug wine\r\n\r\nVery good wines being made from Bobal\r\n\r\nDO Alicante\r\n\r\nLarge DO traditionally know for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNow making good reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nExtremadura\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge DO (Ribera del Guadiana) making mostly jug wines\r\n\r\nGood potential but little results\r\n\r\nBest results in whites, though reds should be better\r\n\r\nMany grapes varieties:  Tempranillo and Garnacha dominate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBalearics\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTiny production\r\n\r\nMost wine made for local tourist consumption\r\n\r\nCheap and cheerful\r\n\r\nSome quality red wine made but quite pricy\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Callet, Fogoneu, Manto Negro\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCanaries\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMedium production made for tourist industry\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Listran and Malvasia\r\n\r\nWhites much better than reds\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAndalucia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMostly fortified wines, but some interesting table wines being made in Malaga and around Granada\r\n\r\nDO Jerez\r\n\r\nLarge DO of 10,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMakes of fortified white wines of many types\r\n\r\nGrapes:\r\n\r\nPalomino for dry sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNon-vintage wines made in criadera and solera systems\r\n\r\nLike cava and champagne\r\n\r\nTo preserve house style\r\n\r\nFinos and Manzanillas\r\n\r\nMade in reductive style under protective \"flor\"\r\n\r\nDry and fresh\r\n\r\nAmontillado\r\n\r\nAged Fino\r\n\r\nHas oxidative notes plus freshness of Fino\r\n\r\nOloroso:\r\n\r\nSolera without flor\r\n\r\nOxidized style:  nutty, brown\r\n\r\nAll start out dry:  some have PX added for sweetness\r\n\r\nPalo Cortado\r\n\r\nRarest style\r\n\r\nCross between Oloroso and Amontillado\r\n\r\nHas flor for short time\r\n\r\nSweet sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX dried to raisins\r\n\r\nUsed as varietal wines and blenders\r\n\r\nDO Montilla Moriles\r\n\r\nVery similar wines to sherry but using PX as base wine\r\n\r\nWhole range from Fino to sweet stickies\r\n\r\nDO Malaga\r\n\r\nFortified dessert wines from Moscatel and PX\r\n\r\nDO Huelva\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Jerez\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDO Cava\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nA style DO, not geographic\r\n\r\nSparkling wine made in Champenoise style\r\n\r\nMostly white, some rosé\r\n\r\nTop sales in world before champagne\r\n\r\nProduced in 160 municipalities\r\n\r\nCataluña:  90% of cava made here\r\n\r\nOther provinces:  Rioja, Valencia, Extremadura, Aragon\r\n\r\nThree traditional grapes:  Macabeo, Parellada, Xarel.lo\r\n\r\nOther grapes:  Chardonnay, Monastrell, Pinot Noir\r\n\r\nTendency:  use of more French varieties\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Spanish Grape Varieties</strong>\r\n\r\nThere is no doubt that the great red grape, Tempranillo,  is king in Spain....it is by far the most important grape variety in terms of quality wine production and respect.  It sometimes seems people would prefer to drink a bad Tempranillo than order another grape variety! Tempranillo is a wonderful variety and offers a great variety of wines depending on the region and the local variant of the grape.  Though considering by many experts a \"noble\" grape\", some also would perhaps criticize Tempranillo for its lack of a distinct personality that shines trough in any terroir.\r\n\r\nTimes are changing and this is a good thing because Spain has some really interesting indigenous varieties other than Tempranillo. Spain does not have the rich diversity of indigenous varieties that is seen in italy or Portugal.  Many varieties were lost or reduced to non-commercial levels after the phyloxera blight at the end of the 19th century.  Much of the replanting was done with easier varietals and eventually with Tempranillo.  Luckily today there is some interest in reviving some of the local obscure varietals.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile some of the great red varieties to watch out for are:  Garnacha (Grenache), Mencia, Bobal, Monastrell (Mourvedre) etc.\r\n\r\nOutstanding white varieties include: Verdejo, Godello, Albariño, Viura, and Palomino\r\n\r\nYou can also find the all usual international grapes planted in Spain and being made into mediocre to very good wine.\r\n\r\nFor more detail on the major indigenous Spanish varietals see <a href=\"http://planetavino.net/newsite/spanish-grape-varieties/\">here</a>...\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Spain Wine In Brief','','inherit','open','open','','338-revision-12','','','2012-10-21 00:45:29','2012-10-21 00:45:29','',338,'http://planetavino.net/newsite/338-revision-12/',0,'revision','',0),(591,1,'2012-10-21 00:48:00','2012-10-21 00:48:00','Below you\'ll find a brief overview of Spanish wines, including a general introduction, wine law, and grape varieties.  This is the more detailed info for those who are looking for some background.\r\n\r\nI\'ve also created a great practical guide to drinking Spanish wine, the styles, identifying the Spanish wines you like by grape or region, figuring the best values and where you can find them.  To get this useful guide just sign up for my monthly newsletter here.  In my newsletter, I\'ll give you an update on the latest on Spanish wine and food and some top wine picks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>My Top Ten of Spanish wine</strong></h2>\r\n<strong>...or a total simplification of Spanish wine!  ....but useful sometimes...</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ol>\r\n	<li>Super dynamic wine market\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Getting world recognition</li>\r\n	<li>Lots of change in every corner of the country!</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Huge wine producer\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards in the world</li>\r\n	<li>3rd in wine production</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Red wine country\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Some of the top red wines in the world</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Whites wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Attractive, great value…improving rapidly</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>In Spain wines ordered by region, not by grape variety\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>70+ designated wine regions or wine appellations (Denominacion de Origen (DO))</li>\r\n	<li>Most important: Rioja, Ribera del Duero, Priorat</li>\r\n	<li>Many rising stars: Jumilla, Toro, Bierzo, La Mancha etc.</li>\r\n	<li>Aging designations on label: crianza, reserva,  gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Most important grape variety: Tempranillo\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties…but only 20 commercially important today</li>\r\n	<li>More and more international varieties:  Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Chardonnay etc.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spanish people drinking much less but drinking higher quality wine</li>\r\n	<li>Exports very important…40%\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers are:  UK, Germany, U.S.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Tendencies:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Old vines</li>\r\n	<li>Single vineyards/terroir wines</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes and unique indigenous grapes</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Blockbuster wines…High alcohol, super extracted, over-oaked</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Wines to wine points from wine critics (Parker effect), comercial wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less appellation wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less wines in traditional categories such as crianza, reserva and gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Conclusion:  Very high quality, consistency and still excellent prices. Some of the best value wines in the world!</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>A few more details...</strong></h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> Long history of winemaking (3000 years!)</li>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards of any country in the world (15.5%)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Third in world wine production after France and Italy (13%)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Just over 50% of wine production is red\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Around 60% of production is table wine, 40% is quality wine</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>But just 20 of them account for 80% of wine production</li>\r\n	<li>Tempranillo:  most important red grape in terms of quality and quantity</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon on the rise</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Vineyards in all 17 autonomous regions\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>La Mancha: (the greatest surface area of vines in the world)</li>\r\n	<li>Rioja:  most densely planted in Spain</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Classification system for quality wine based on regional wine appellations\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>There are over 70 Denominación de Origen (DO) spread throughout Spain</li>\r\n	<li>DO: wine appellation with strict rules controlling viticulture and wine production</li>\r\n	<li>DO wines often have indication of oak aging:  crianza, reserva, gran reserva</li>\r\n	<li>Other categories of quality wine: DOCA, VCIG, Vino de Pago</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Lesser classifications are now being used for some top wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vino de la Tierra and Vino de Mesa</li>\r\n	<li>Used in areas outside designated DOs</li>\r\n	<li>Also used by some winemakers looking for more flexibility</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Over 40% of Spanish production is exported (increasing)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers in terms of value:  UK, Germany, USA</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain also has amazing cavas, dessert wines, and fortified wines at great values</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<h2><strong>Some opinions (mine!)</h2></strong>\r\n\r\nA red wine country\r\n\r\nRed wines are amongst the top in the world\r\n\r\nGood value, inexpensive whites dominate\r\n\r\nHigher quality whites coming on slowly\r\n\r\nIn full revolution\r\n\r\nGreat wines being made in every corner of Spain\r\n\r\nControversy of international styles vs traditional styles\r\n\r\nClassic regions face more competition\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero and Rioja still dominant in internal market\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero: quality reds but pricey\r\n\r\nRioja: a confusing variety of styles\r\n\r\nWine consumption trends\r\n\r\nSpaniards drinking less wine but better quality\r\n\r\nExport market becoming more and more important\r\n\r\nTendencies\r\n\r\nTechnology in the vineyard and winery\r\n\r\nSingle-vineyard wines (the idea of terroir)\r\n\r\nTrendy for rich and famous to get into making wine\r\n\r\nMore international styles: wines to please wine critics\r\n\r\nMore regional styles also trendy\r\n\r\nBlockbuster style:  more everything--alcohol, fruit, tannin, oak\r\n\r\nPrices still good but rising quickly\r\n\r\nMore international prestige but still behind France and Italy\r\n\r\nMore marketing needed!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBottom line:\r\n\r\nOutstanding variety and quality at all price ranges…best value wines in Western Europe!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Law\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ncut and paste table\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Regions\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDOCa Rioja\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRioja, Basque Country, Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge area known for red and some whites\r\n\r\nThree sub zones\r\n\r\nRioja Alta and Alavesa\r\n\r\nRioja Baja\r\n\r\nMost densely planted area in Spain\r\n\r\nClassic wine region that led the way\r\n\r\nBrought French influence in 19th century\r\n\r\nMost famous Spanish wine region internationally\r\n\r\nDO created in 1925 (1st)\r\n\r\nDOCa since 1991\r\n\r\n65,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMore than 550 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grape: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nAlso: Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano\r\n\r\nExperimental grape: Cabernet Sauvignon\r\n\r\nSomewhat of an identity crisis\r\n\r\nModern vs traditional\r\n\r\nMild climatological conditions\r\n\r\nAtlantic influence\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla Leon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVery important wine region with five important DOs\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\nDO Cigales\r\n\r\nAlso very important production of Vino de la Tierra de Castilla Leon\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO since 1982\r\n\r\nConsidered to produce some of the finest red wines in Spain\r\n\r\nTrendy and fast-growing areas\r\n\r\nPrices can be quite high\r\n\r\n8,000 ha of vineyards and over 178 wineries.\r\n\r\nGrape variety:  Tinto Fino, a variant of Tempranillo\r\n\r\nClimate: Continental with some Med influences\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nSmall wine region (6000ha) with 36 wineries\r\n\r\nWhite wines from Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc\r\n\r\nCreated in 1980 for whites\r\n\r\nSince 2001 open to reds\r\n\r\nThe wines are attractive modern, cold-fermented whites\r\n\r\nThe climate is wind-swept continental\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nGained fame over last ten years\r\n\r\nPowerful red wines\r\n\r\nSome good value wines, but many more expensive now\r\n\r\nSmall DO created in 1987: 34 wineries\r\n\r\nMain varietal: Tinta de Toro (Tempranillo)\r\n\r\nContinental climate\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\n“Gateway to Galicia”: Currently high profile\r\n\r\nSmall red and white producing area\r\n\r\nDO created in 1988: 39 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grapes: Mencía and Godello\r\n\r\nMild climate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCataluña\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region with 12 DOs with many climatic and geographic variations\r\n\r\n1999: a region DO called DO Cataluña\r\n\r\nStrongest on whites but also great reds\r\n\r\nWidespread use of indigenous varieties\r\n\r\nWidespread use of French varieties\r\n\r\n90% of Cava produced here\r\n\r\nKey in spread of modern equipment and techniques\r\n\r\nAll of the DOs are improving dramatically\r\n\r\nDO Penedés\r\n\r\nImportant DO since 1960:  150 wineries\r\n\r\nImportant innovator in wine\r\n\r\nCenter of Cava production\r\n\r\nAlso elegant whites and reds\r\n\r\nDOCa Priorat\r\n\r\nSmall, exclusive DO since 1954: 26 wineries\r\n\r\nVery expensive wines\r\n\r\nFamous for huge, mineral red wines\r\n\r\nUnique soils: licorella\r\n\r\nUse of Garnacha and Cariñena with French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Montsant\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Priorat…less expensive\r\n\r\nDO Terra Alta\r\n\r\nStill rustic at times…similar potential to Priorat\r\n\r\nDO Alella\r\n\r\nTiny coastal DO: mostly known for whites\r\n\r\nDO Apurdán-Costa Brava\r\n\r\nSmall coastal DO known traditionally for rosados\r\n\r\nDO Concá de Barbera\r\n\r\nMedium size interior DO used as source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Costers de Segre\r\n\r\nSmall interior DO used a source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Plá de Bagés\r\n\r\nTiny interior DO known for crisp whites\r\n\r\nDO Tarragona\r\n\r\nLarge coastal/interior DO makes a wide variety of wines\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla La Mancha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region: one of the biggest in the world\r\n\r\n9 DOs:  more being created\r\n\r\nVery hot region producing Mediterranean style red wines\r\n\r\nVery good value and improving quality\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine still!\r\n\r\nVery good Vinos de la Tierra de Castilla\r\n\r\nAlso several Vinos de Pago\r\n\r\nDO La Mancha\r\n\r\nEnormous DO making good quality wine from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nDO Valdepeñas\r\n\r\nVery large DO making traditional wines from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nOther DOs\r\n\r\nDO Almansa, DO Manchela, DO Méntrida, DO Mondéjar, DO Riber del Júcar\r\n\r\nDO Vinos de Madrid\r\n\r\nNot technically La Mancha, but similar situation and similar wines\r\n\r\nImproving...but best wines are expensive\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n9.  Introduction to Spanish Denominations cont\'d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAragon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge region with 4 DOs\r\n\r\nOne is very high quality, the other three improving rapidly\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine made here\r\n\r\nExcellent climate for high quality wine\r\n\r\nDO Somontano\r\n\r\nSmall, but growing DO with excellent quality\r\n\r\nVery good prices\r\n\r\nElegant, varied wines from indigenous and French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Calatayud\r\n\r\nMedium DO still rustic but interesting old-vine Garnacha and cavas\r\n\r\nDO Cariñena\r\n\r\nLarge DO making lots of jug wine and some interesting old-vine Garnacha\r\n\r\nDO Campo de Borja\r\n\r\nMedium DO with lots of Garnacha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGalicia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMild, wet region known for interesting whites with 5 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Rias Baixas\r\n\r\nTop quality, small DO making whites from Albariño\r\n\r\nHumidity, rain, main challenges\r\n\r\nNo bulk wine allowed\r\n\r\nWines can be pricy\r\n\r\nDO Valdeorras\r\n\r\nHigh quality small DO on border with Leon\r\n\r\nEastern, sheltered location gives more full-bodied whites and reds from Godello and Mencía\r\n\r\nDO Monterei\r\n\r\nHot, sheltered, tiny DO makes mostly reds\r\n\r\nDO Ribeiro\r\n\r\nSmall, coastal DO makes light, spritzy, blended whites\r\n\r\nDO Ribera Sacra\r\n\r\nSmall DO making traditional Galician whites\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNavarra and Basque Country\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nOne large DO and 3 tiny ones\r\n\r\nDO Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge DO making some very good wines: 109 wineries\r\n\r\nUse of a lot of indigenous and foreign grapes\r\n\r\nReputation built on rosés\r\n\r\nNow many more interesting reds and whites\r\n\r\nCross between continental and Atlantic climate\r\n\r\nDO Txacoli\r\n\r\nThree separate DOs: Alava, Getaria, Vizcaya\r\n\r\nMaking vinho verde style wines from local varieties\r\n\r\nHondarribi Zuri and Hondarribi Beltza\r\n\r\nMost are easy-drinking quaffers, but a few more serious wines being made now\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nValencia and Murcia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge jug wine areas now making very interesting wines\r\n\r\nMurcia:  3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Jumilla\r\n\r\nEnormous DO with growing reputation for quality wines\r\n\r\nRed, quality wines based on Monastrell\r\n\r\nInteresting dessert wines\r\n\r\nDO Bullas\r\n\r\nSmall DO with higher altitude makes some interesting reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Yecla\r\n\r\nMedium DO similar to Jumilla\r\n\r\nValencia: 3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Valencia\r\n\r\nLarge DO making mostly insipid whites, but has potential for reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Utiel Requena\r\n\r\nHuge DO making lots of red jug wine\r\n\r\nVery good wines being made from Bobal\r\n\r\nDO Alicante\r\n\r\nLarge DO traditionally know for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNow making good reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nExtremadura\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge DO (Ribera del Guadiana) making mostly jug wines\r\n\r\nGood potential but little results\r\n\r\nBest results in whites, though reds should be better\r\n\r\nMany grapes varieties:  Tempranillo and Garnacha dominate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBalearics\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTiny production\r\n\r\nMost wine made for local tourist consumption\r\n\r\nCheap and cheerful\r\n\r\nSome quality red wine made but quite pricy\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Callet, Fogoneu, Manto Negro\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCanaries\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMedium production made for tourist industry\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Listran and Malvasia\r\n\r\nWhites much better than reds\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAndalucia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMostly fortified wines, but some interesting table wines being made in Malaga and around Granada\r\n\r\nDO Jerez\r\n\r\nLarge DO of 10,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMakes of fortified white wines of many types\r\n\r\nGrapes:\r\n\r\nPalomino for dry sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNon-vintage wines made in criadera and solera systems\r\n\r\nLike cava and champagne\r\n\r\nTo preserve house style\r\n\r\nFinos and Manzanillas\r\n\r\nMade in reductive style under protective \"flor\"\r\n\r\nDry and fresh\r\n\r\nAmontillado\r\n\r\nAged Fino\r\n\r\nHas oxidative notes plus freshness of Fino\r\n\r\nOloroso:\r\n\r\nSolera without flor\r\n\r\nOxidized style:  nutty, brown\r\n\r\nAll start out dry:  some have PX added for sweetness\r\n\r\nPalo Cortado\r\n\r\nRarest style\r\n\r\nCross between Oloroso and Amontillado\r\n\r\nHas flor for short time\r\n\r\nSweet sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX dried to raisins\r\n\r\nUsed as varietal wines and blenders\r\n\r\nDO Montilla Moriles\r\n\r\nVery similar wines to sherry but using PX as base wine\r\n\r\nWhole range from Fino to sweet stickies\r\n\r\nDO Malaga\r\n\r\nFortified dessert wines from Moscatel and PX\r\n\r\nDO Huelva\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Jerez\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDO Cava\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nA style DO, not geographic\r\n\r\nSparkling wine made in Champenoise style\r\n\r\nMostly white, some rosé\r\n\r\nTop sales in world before champagne\r\n\r\nProduced in 160 municipalities\r\n\r\nCataluña:  90% of cava made here\r\n\r\nOther provinces:  Rioja, Valencia, Extremadura, Aragon\r\n\r\nThree traditional grapes:  Macabeo, Parellada, Xarel.lo\r\n\r\nOther grapes:  Chardonnay, Monastrell, Pinot Noir\r\n\r\nTendency:  use of more French varieties\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Spanish Grape Varieties</strong>\r\n\r\nThere is no doubt that the great red grape, Tempranillo,  is king in Spain....it is by far the most important grape variety in terms of quality wine production and respect.  It sometimes seems people would prefer to drink a bad Tempranillo than order another grape variety! Tempranillo is a wonderful variety and offers a great variety of wines depending on the region and the local variant of the grape.  Though considering by many experts a \"noble\" grape\", some also would perhaps criticize Tempranillo for its lack of a distinct personality that shines trough in any terroir.\r\n\r\nTimes are changing and this is a good thing because Spain has some really interesting indigenous varieties other than Tempranillo. Spain does not have the rich diversity of indigenous varieties that is seen in italy or Portugal.  Many varieties were lost or reduced to non-commercial levels after the phyloxera blight at the end of the 19th century.  Much of the replanting was done with easier varietals and eventually with Tempranillo.  Luckily today there is some interest in reviving some of the local obscure varietals.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile some of the great red varieties to watch out for are:  Garnacha (Grenache), Mencia, Bobal, Monastrell (Mourvedre) etc.\r\n\r\nOutstanding white varieties include: Verdejo, Godello, Albariño, Viura, and Palomino\r\n\r\nYou can also find the all usual international grapes planted in Spain and being made into mediocre to very good wine.\r\n\r\nFor more detail on the major indigenous Spanish varietals see <a href=\"http://planetavino.net/newsite/spanish-grape-varieties/\">here</a>...\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Spain Wine In Brief','','inherit','open','open','','338-revision-13','','','2012-10-21 00:48:00','2012-10-21 00:48:00','',338,'http://planetavino.net/newsite/338-revision-13/',0,'revision','',0),(592,1,'2012-10-21 00:48:32','2012-10-21 00:48:32','Below you\'ll find a brief overview of Spanish wines, including a general introduction, wine law, and grape varieties.  This is the more detailed info for those who are looking for some background.\r\n\r\nI\'ve also created a great practical guide to drinking Spanish wine, the styles, identifying the Spanish wines you like by grape or region, figuring the best values and where you can find them.  To get this useful guide just sign up for my monthly newsletter here.  In my newsletter, I\'ll give you an update on the latest on Spanish wine and food and some top wine picks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>My Top Ten of Spanish wine</strong></h2>\r\n<strong>...or a total simplification of Spanish wine!  ....but useful sometimes...</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ol>\r\n	<li>Super dynamic wine market\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Getting world recognition</li>\r\n	<li>Lots of change in every corner of the country!</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Huge wine producer\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards in the world</li>\r\n	<li>3rd in wine production</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Red wine country\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Some of the top red wines in the world</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Whites wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Attractive, great value…improving rapidly</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>In Spain wines ordered by region, not by grape variety\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>70+ designated wine regions or wine appellations (Denominacion de Origen (DO))</li>\r\n	<li>Most important: Rioja, Ribera del Duero, Priorat</li>\r\n	<li>Many rising stars: Jumilla, Toro, Bierzo, La Mancha etc.</li>\r\n	<li>Aging designations on label: crianza, reserva,  gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Most important grape variety: Tempranillo\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties…but only 20 commercially important today</li>\r\n	<li>More and more international varieties:  Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Chardonnay etc.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spanish people drinking much less but drinking higher quality wine</li>\r\n	<li>Exports very important…40%\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers are:  UK, Germany, U.S.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Tendencies:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Old vines</li>\r\n	<li>Single vineyards/terroir wines</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes and unique indigenous grapes</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Blockbuster wines…High alcohol, super extracted, over-oaked</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Wines to wine points from wine critics (Parker effect), comercial wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less appellation wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less wines in traditional categories such as crianza, reserva and gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Conclusion:  Very high quality, consistency and still excellent prices. Some of the best value wines in the world!</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>A few more details...</strong></h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> Long history of winemaking (3000 years!)</li>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards of any country in the world (15.5%)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Third in world wine production after France and Italy (13%)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Just over 50% of wine production is red\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Around 60% of production is table wine, 40% is quality wine</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>But just 20 of them account for 80% of wine production</li>\r\n	<li>Tempranillo:  most important red grape in terms of quality and quantity</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon on the rise</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Vineyards in all 17 autonomous regions\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>La Mancha: (the greatest surface area of vines in the world)</li>\r\n	<li>Rioja:  most densely planted in Spain</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Classification system for quality wine based on regional wine appellations\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>There are over 70 Denominación de Origen (DO) spread throughout Spain</li>\r\n	<li>DO: wine appellation with strict rules controlling viticulture and wine production</li>\r\n	<li>DO wines often have indication of oak aging:  crianza, reserva, gran reserva</li>\r\n	<li>Other categories of quality wine: DOCA, VCIG, Vino de Pago</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Lesser classifications are now being used for some top wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vino de la Tierra and Vino de Mesa</li>\r\n	<li>Used in areas outside designated DOs</li>\r\n	<li>Also used by some winemakers looking for more flexibility</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Over 40% of Spanish production is exported (increasing)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers in terms of value:  UK, Germany, USA</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain also has amazing cavas, dessert wines, and fortified wines at great values</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<h2><strong>Some opinions (mine!)</h2></strong>\r\n\r\nA red wine country\r\n\r\nRed wines are amongst the top in the world\r\n\r\nGood value, inexpensive whites dominate\r\n\r\nHigher quality whites coming on slowly\r\n\r\nIn full revolution\r\n\r\nGreat wines being made in every corner of Spain\r\n\r\nControversy of international styles vs traditional styles\r\n\r\nClassic regions face more competition\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero and Rioja still dominant in internal market\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero: quality reds but pricey\r\n\r\nRioja: a confusing variety of styles\r\n\r\nWine consumption trends\r\n\r\nSpaniards drinking less wine but better quality\r\n\r\nExport market becoming more and more important\r\n\r\nTendencies\r\n\r\nTechnology in the vineyard and winery\r\n\r\nSingle-vineyard wines (the idea of terroir)\r\n\r\nTrendy for rich and famous to get into making wine\r\n\r\nMore international styles: wines to please wine critics\r\n\r\nMore regional styles also trendy\r\n\r\nBlockbuster style:  more everything--alcohol, fruit, tannin, oak\r\n\r\nPrices still good but rising quickly\r\n\r\nMore international prestige but still behind France and Italy\r\n\r\nMore marketing needed!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBottom line:\r\n\r\nOutstanding variety and quality at all price ranges…best value wines in Western Europe!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Law\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ncut and paste table\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Regions\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDOCa Rioja\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRioja, Basque Country, Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge area known for red and some whites\r\n\r\nThree sub zones\r\n\r\nRioja Alta and Alavesa\r\n\r\nRioja Baja\r\n\r\nMost densely planted area in Spain\r\n\r\nClassic wine region that led the way\r\n\r\nBrought French influence in 19th century\r\n\r\nMost famous Spanish wine region internationally\r\n\r\nDO created in 1925 (1st)\r\n\r\nDOCa since 1991\r\n\r\n65,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMore than 550 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grape: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nAlso: Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano\r\n\r\nExperimental grape: Cabernet Sauvignon\r\n\r\nSomewhat of an identity crisis\r\n\r\nModern vs traditional\r\n\r\nMild climatological conditions\r\n\r\nAtlantic influence\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla Leon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVery important wine region with five important DOs\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\nDO Cigales\r\n\r\nAlso very important production of Vino de la Tierra de Castilla Leon\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO since 1982\r\n\r\nConsidered to produce some of the finest red wines in Spain\r\n\r\nTrendy and fast-growing areas\r\n\r\nPrices can be quite high\r\n\r\n8,000 ha of vineyards and over 178 wineries.\r\n\r\nGrape variety:  Tinto Fino, a variant of Tempranillo\r\n\r\nClimate: Continental with some Med influences\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nSmall wine region (6000ha) with 36 wineries\r\n\r\nWhite wines from Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc\r\n\r\nCreated in 1980 for whites\r\n\r\nSince 2001 open to reds\r\n\r\nThe wines are attractive modern, cold-fermented whites\r\n\r\nThe climate is wind-swept continental\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nGained fame over last ten years\r\n\r\nPowerful red wines\r\n\r\nSome good value wines, but many more expensive now\r\n\r\nSmall DO created in 1987: 34 wineries\r\n\r\nMain varietal: Tinta de Toro (Tempranillo)\r\n\r\nContinental climate\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\n“Gateway to Galicia”: Currently high profile\r\n\r\nSmall red and white producing area\r\n\r\nDO created in 1988: 39 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grapes: Mencía and Godello\r\n\r\nMild climate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCataluña\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region with 12 DOs with many climatic and geographic variations\r\n\r\n1999: a region DO called DO Cataluña\r\n\r\nStrongest on whites but also great reds\r\n\r\nWidespread use of indigenous varieties\r\n\r\nWidespread use of French varieties\r\n\r\n90% of Cava produced here\r\n\r\nKey in spread of modern equipment and techniques\r\n\r\nAll of the DOs are improving dramatically\r\n\r\nDO Penedés\r\n\r\nImportant DO since 1960:  150 wineries\r\n\r\nImportant innovator in wine\r\n\r\nCenter of Cava production\r\n\r\nAlso elegant whites and reds\r\n\r\nDOCa Priorat\r\n\r\nSmall, exclusive DO since 1954: 26 wineries\r\n\r\nVery expensive wines\r\n\r\nFamous for huge, mineral red wines\r\n\r\nUnique soils: licorella\r\n\r\nUse of Garnacha and Cariñena with French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Montsant\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Priorat…less expensive\r\n\r\nDO Terra Alta\r\n\r\nStill rustic at times…similar potential to Priorat\r\n\r\nDO Alella\r\n\r\nTiny coastal DO: mostly known for whites\r\n\r\nDO Apurdán-Costa Brava\r\n\r\nSmall coastal DO known traditionally for rosados\r\n\r\nDO Concá de Barbera\r\n\r\nMedium size interior DO used as source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Costers de Segre\r\n\r\nSmall interior DO used a source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Plá de Bagés\r\n\r\nTiny interior DO known for crisp whites\r\n\r\nDO Tarragona\r\n\r\nLarge coastal/interior DO makes a wide variety of wines\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla La Mancha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region: one of the biggest in the world\r\n\r\n9 DOs:  more being created\r\n\r\nVery hot region producing Mediterranean style red wines\r\n\r\nVery good value and improving quality\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine still!\r\n\r\nVery good Vinos de la Tierra de Castilla\r\n\r\nAlso several Vinos de Pago\r\n\r\nDO La Mancha\r\n\r\nEnormous DO making good quality wine from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nDO Valdepeñas\r\n\r\nVery large DO making traditional wines from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nOther DOs\r\n\r\nDO Almansa, DO Manchela, DO Méntrida, DO Mondéjar, DO Riber del Júcar\r\n\r\nDO Vinos de Madrid\r\n\r\nNot technically La Mancha, but similar situation and similar wines\r\n\r\nImproving...but best wines are expensive\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n9.  Introduction to Spanish Denominations cont\'d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAragon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge region with 4 DOs\r\n\r\nOne is very high quality, the other three improving rapidly\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine made here\r\n\r\nExcellent climate for high quality wine\r\n\r\nDO Somontano\r\n\r\nSmall, but growing DO with excellent quality\r\n\r\nVery good prices\r\n\r\nElegant, varied wines from indigenous and French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Calatayud\r\n\r\nMedium DO still rustic but interesting old-vine Garnacha and cavas\r\n\r\nDO Cariñena\r\n\r\nLarge DO making lots of jug wine and some interesting old-vine Garnacha\r\n\r\nDO Campo de Borja\r\n\r\nMedium DO with lots of Garnacha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGalicia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMild, wet region known for interesting whites with 5 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Rias Baixas\r\n\r\nTop quality, small DO making whites from Albariño\r\n\r\nHumidity, rain, main challenges\r\n\r\nNo bulk wine allowed\r\n\r\nWines can be pricy\r\n\r\nDO Valdeorras\r\n\r\nHigh quality small DO on border with Leon\r\n\r\nEastern, sheltered location gives more full-bodied whites and reds from Godello and Mencía\r\n\r\nDO Monterei\r\n\r\nHot, sheltered, tiny DO makes mostly reds\r\n\r\nDO Ribeiro\r\n\r\nSmall, coastal DO makes light, spritzy, blended whites\r\n\r\nDO Ribera Sacra\r\n\r\nSmall DO making traditional Galician whites\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNavarra and Basque Country\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nOne large DO and 3 tiny ones\r\n\r\nDO Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge DO making some very good wines: 109 wineries\r\n\r\nUse of a lot of indigenous and foreign grapes\r\n\r\nReputation built on rosés\r\n\r\nNow many more interesting reds and whites\r\n\r\nCross between continental and Atlantic climate\r\n\r\nDO Txacoli\r\n\r\nThree separate DOs: Alava, Getaria, Vizcaya\r\n\r\nMaking vinho verde style wines from local varieties\r\n\r\nHondarribi Zuri and Hondarribi Beltza\r\n\r\nMost are easy-drinking quaffers, but a few more serious wines being made now\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nValencia and Murcia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge jug wine areas now making very interesting wines\r\n\r\nMurcia:  3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Jumilla\r\n\r\nEnormous DO with growing reputation for quality wines\r\n\r\nRed, quality wines based on Monastrell\r\n\r\nInteresting dessert wines\r\n\r\nDO Bullas\r\n\r\nSmall DO with higher altitude makes some interesting reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Yecla\r\n\r\nMedium DO similar to Jumilla\r\n\r\nValencia: 3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Valencia\r\n\r\nLarge DO making mostly insipid whites, but has potential for reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Utiel Requena\r\n\r\nHuge DO making lots of red jug wine\r\n\r\nVery good wines being made from Bobal\r\n\r\nDO Alicante\r\n\r\nLarge DO traditionally know for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNow making good reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nExtremadura\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge DO (Ribera del Guadiana) making mostly jug wines\r\n\r\nGood potential but little results\r\n\r\nBest results in whites, though reds should be better\r\n\r\nMany grapes varieties:  Tempranillo and Garnacha dominate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBalearics\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTiny production\r\n\r\nMost wine made for local tourist consumption\r\n\r\nCheap and cheerful\r\n\r\nSome quality red wine made but quite pricy\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Callet, Fogoneu, Manto Negro\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCanaries\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMedium production made for tourist industry\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Listran and Malvasia\r\n\r\nWhites much better than reds\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAndalucia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMostly fortified wines, but some interesting table wines being made in Malaga and around Granada\r\n\r\nDO Jerez\r\n\r\nLarge DO of 10,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMakes of fortified white wines of many types\r\n\r\nGrapes:\r\n\r\nPalomino for dry sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNon-vintage wines made in criadera and solera systems\r\n\r\nLike cava and champagne\r\n\r\nTo preserve house style\r\n\r\nFinos and Manzanillas\r\n\r\nMade in reductive style under protective \"flor\"\r\n\r\nDry and fresh\r\n\r\nAmontillado\r\n\r\nAged Fino\r\n\r\nHas oxidative notes plus freshness of Fino\r\n\r\nOloroso:\r\n\r\nSolera without flor\r\n\r\nOxidized style:  nutty, brown\r\n\r\nAll start out dry:  some have PX added for sweetness\r\n\r\nPalo Cortado\r\n\r\nRarest style\r\n\r\nCross between Oloroso and Amontillado\r\n\r\nHas flor for short time\r\n\r\nSweet sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX dried to raisins\r\n\r\nUsed as varietal wines and blenders\r\n\r\nDO Montilla Moriles\r\n\r\nVery similar wines to sherry but using PX as base wine\r\n\r\nWhole range from Fino to sweet stickies\r\n\r\nDO Malaga\r\n\r\nFortified dessert wines from Moscatel and PX\r\n\r\nDO Huelva\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Jerez\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDO Cava\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nA style DO, not geographic\r\n\r\nSparkling wine made in Champenoise style\r\n\r\nMostly white, some rosé\r\n\r\nTop sales in world before champagne\r\n\r\nProduced in 160 municipalities\r\n\r\nCataluña:  90% of cava made here\r\n\r\nOther provinces:  Rioja, Valencia, Extremadura, Aragon\r\n\r\nThree traditional grapes:  Macabeo, Parellada, Xarel.lo\r\n\r\nOther grapes:  Chardonnay, Monastrell, Pinot Noir\r\n\r\nTendency:  use of more French varieties\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Spanish Grape Varieties</strong>\r\n\r\nThere is no doubt that the great red grape, Tempranillo,  is king in Spain....it is by far the most important grape variety in terms of quality wine production and respect.  It sometimes seems people would prefer to drink a bad Tempranillo than order another grape variety! Tempranillo is a wonderful variety and offers a great variety of wines depending on the region and the local variant of the grape.  Though considering by many experts a \"noble\" grape\", some also would perhaps criticize Tempranillo for its lack of a distinct personality that shines trough in any terroir.\r\n\r\nTimes are changing and this is a good thing because Spain has some really interesting indigenous varieties other than Tempranillo. Spain does not have the rich diversity of indigenous varieties that is seen in italy or Portugal.  Many varieties were lost or reduced to non-commercial levels after the phyloxera blight at the end of the 19th century.  Much of the replanting was done with easier varietals and eventually with Tempranillo.  Luckily today there is some interest in reviving some of the local obscure varietals.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile some of the great red varieties to watch out for are:  Garnacha (Grenache), Mencia, Bobal, Monastrell (Mourvedre) etc.\r\n\r\nOutstanding white varieties include: Verdejo, Godello, Albariño, Viura, and Palomino\r\n\r\nYou can also find the all usual international grapes planted in Spain and being made into mediocre to very good wine.\r\n\r\nFor more detail on the major indigenous Spanish varietals see <a href=\"http://planetavino.net/newsite/spanish-grape-varieties/\">here</a>...\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Spain Wine In Brief','','inherit','open','open','','338-revision-14','','','2012-10-21 00:48:32','2012-10-21 00:48:32','',338,'http://planetavino.net/newsite/338-revision-14/',0,'revision','',0),(593,1,'2012-10-21 00:56:39','2012-10-21 00:56:39','Below you\'ll find a brief overview of Spanish wines, including a general introduction, wine law, and grape varieties.  This is the more detailed info for those who are looking for some background.\r\n\r\nI\'ve also created a great practical guide to drinking Spanish wine, the styles, identifying the Spanish wines you like by grape or region, figuring the best values and where you can find them.  To get this useful guide just sign up for my monthly newsletter here.  In my newsletter, I\'ll give you an update on the latest on Spanish wine and food and some top wine picks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>My Top Ten of Spanish wine</strong></h2>\r\n<strong>...or a total simplification of Spanish wine!  ....but useful sometimes...</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ol>\r\n	<li>Super dynamic wine market\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Getting world recognition</li>\r\n	<li>Lots of change in every corner of the country!</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Huge wine producer\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards in the world</li>\r\n	<li>3rd in wine production</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Red wine country\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Some of the top red wines in the world</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Whites wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Attractive, great value…improving rapidly</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>In Spain wines ordered by region, not by grape variety\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>70+ designated wine regions or wine appellations (Denominacion de Origen (DO))</li>\r\n	<li>Most important: Rioja, Ribera del Duero, Priorat</li>\r\n	<li>Many rising stars: Jumilla, Toro, Bierzo, La Mancha etc.</li>\r\n	<li>Aging designations on label: crianza, reserva,  gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Most important grape variety: Tempranillo\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties…but only 20 commercially important today</li>\r\n	<li>More and more international varieties:  Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Chardonnay etc.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spanish people drinking much less but drinking higher quality wine</li>\r\n	<li>Exports very important…40%\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers are:  UK, Germany, U.S.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Tendencies:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Old vines</li>\r\n	<li>Single vineyards/terroir wines</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes and unique indigenous grapes</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Blockbuster wines…High alcohol, super extracted, over-oaked</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Wines to wine points from wine critics (Parker effect), comercial wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less appellation wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less wines in traditional categories such as crianza, reserva and gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Conclusion:  Very high quality, consistency and still excellent prices. Some of the best value wines in the world!</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>A few more details...</strong></h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> Long history of winemaking (3000 years!)</li>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards of any country in the world (15.5%)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Third in world wine production after France and Italy (13%)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Just over 50% of wine production is red\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Around 60% of production is table wine, 40% is quality wine</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>But just 20 of them account for 80% of wine production</li>\r\n	<li>Tempranillo:  most important red grape in terms of quality and quantity</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon on the rise</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Vineyards in all 17 autonomous regions\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>La Mancha: (the greatest surface area of vines in the world)</li>\r\n	<li>Rioja:  most densely planted in Spain</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Classification system for quality wine based on regional wine appellations\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>There are over 70 Denominación de Origen (DO) spread throughout Spain</li>\r\n	<li>DO: wine appellation with strict rules controlling viticulture and wine production</li>\r\n	<li>DO wines often have indication of oak aging:  crianza, reserva, gran reserva</li>\r\n	<li>Other categories of quality wine: DOCA, VCIG, Vino de Pago</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Lesser classifications are now being used for some top wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vino de la Tierra and Vino de Mesa</li>\r\n	<li>Used in areas outside designated DOs</li>\r\n	<li>Also used by some winemakers looking for more flexibility</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Over 40% of Spanish production is exported (increasing)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers in terms of value:  UK, Germany, USA</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain also has amazing cavas, dessert wines, and fortified wines at great values</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>Some opinions (mine!)</strong></h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nA red wine country\r\n\r\nRed wines are amongst the top in the world\r\n\r\nGood value, inexpensive whites dominate\r\n\r\nHigher quality whites coming on slowly\r\n\r\nIn full revolution\r\n\r\nGreat wines being made in every corner of Spain\r\n\r\nControversy of international styles vs traditional styles\r\n\r\nClassic regions face more competition\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero and Rioja still dominant in internal market\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero: quality reds but pricey\r\n\r\nRioja: a confusing variety of styles\r\n\r\nWine consumption trends\r\n\r\nSpaniards drinking less wine but better quality\r\n\r\nExport market becoming more and more important\r\n\r\nTendencies\r\n\r\nTechnology in the vineyard and winery\r\n\r\nSingle-vineyard wines (the idea of terroir)\r\n\r\nTrendy for rich and famous to get into making wine\r\n\r\nMore international styles: wines to please wine critics\r\n\r\nMore regional styles also trendy\r\n\r\nBlockbuster style:  more everything--alcohol, fruit, tannin, oak\r\n\r\nPrices still good but rising quickly\r\n\r\nMore international prestige but still behind France and Italy\r\n\r\nMore marketing needed!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBottom line:\r\n\r\nOutstanding variety and quality at all price ranges…best value wines in Western Europe!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Law\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>EU wine law recognizes two main categories of wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Table wine and quality wine</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain has two levels of table wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vino de mesa:  no region, grapes, or vintage on label</li>\r\n	<li>Vino de la Tierra (VdlT):  equivalent of Vin de Pays in France\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>An officially recognized area but below DO level</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain has four levels of quality wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vinos de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica (VCIG)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>New category: areas must wait five years to ask for DO</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Denominación de Origen (DO).\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Over 65 exist</li>\r\n	<li>Regulated by a consejo regulador with detailed rules</li>\r\n	<li>Guarantees origin not always quality</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Denominción de Origen Calificada (DOCa)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>DO must wait ten years to attain</li>\r\n	<li>Only Rioja and Priorat so far: stricter rules</li>\r\n	<li>In reality does not guarentee more quality</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Vino de Pago:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Single estates of exceptional quality</li>\r\n	<li>Must comply at least with DOCa rules</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Aging requirements: national DO law...some regions set stricter limits\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Terms generally appear on front labels</li>\r\n	<li>All have a back sticker with category</li>\r\n	<li>Joven or vino de cosecha:  no oak aging (generally should be drunk from latest vintage)</li>\r\n	<li>Roble:  Seen some oak (no legal requirements)</li>\r\n	<li>In reality categories are just for reds</li>\r\n	<li>Some wineries are ignorign categories and have \"cosecha\" sticker for wines with oak aging</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<a title=\"Crianza table\" href=\"http://www.planetavino.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/crianza-charts.JPG\"><img src=\"http://www.planetavino.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/crianza-charts.JPG\" alt=\"Crianza table\" /></a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ncut and paste table\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Regions\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDOCa Rioja\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRioja, Basque Country, Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge area known for red and some whites\r\n\r\nThree sub zones\r\n\r\nRioja Alta and Alavesa\r\n\r\nRioja Baja\r\n\r\nMost densely planted area in Spain\r\n\r\nClassic wine region that led the way\r\n\r\nBrought French influence in 19th century\r\n\r\nMost famous Spanish wine region internationally\r\n\r\nDO created in 1925 (1st)\r\n\r\nDOCa since 1991\r\n\r\n65,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMore than 550 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grape: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nAlso: Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano\r\n\r\nExperimental grape: Cabernet Sauvignon\r\n\r\nSomewhat of an identity crisis\r\n\r\nModern vs traditional\r\n\r\nMild climatological conditions\r\n\r\nAtlantic influence\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla Leon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVery important wine region with five important DOs\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\nDO Cigales\r\n\r\nAlso very important production of Vino de la Tierra de Castilla Leon\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO since 1982\r\n\r\nConsidered to produce some of the finest red wines in Spain\r\n\r\nTrendy and fast-growing areas\r\n\r\nPrices can be quite high\r\n\r\n8,000 ha of vineyards and over 178 wineries.\r\n\r\nGrape variety:  Tinto Fino, a variant of Tempranillo\r\n\r\nClimate: Continental with some Med influences\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nSmall wine region (6000ha) with 36 wineries\r\n\r\nWhite wines from Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc\r\n\r\nCreated in 1980 for whites\r\n\r\nSince 2001 open to reds\r\n\r\nThe wines are attractive modern, cold-fermented whites\r\n\r\nThe climate is wind-swept continental\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nGained fame over last ten years\r\n\r\nPowerful red wines\r\n\r\nSome good value wines, but many more expensive now\r\n\r\nSmall DO created in 1987: 34 wineries\r\n\r\nMain varietal: Tinta de Toro (Tempranillo)\r\n\r\nContinental climate\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\n“Gateway to Galicia”: Currently high profile\r\n\r\nSmall red and white producing area\r\n\r\nDO created in 1988: 39 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grapes: Mencía and Godello\r\n\r\nMild climate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCataluña\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region with 12 DOs with many climatic and geographic variations\r\n\r\n1999: a region DO called DO Cataluña\r\n\r\nStrongest on whites but also great reds\r\n\r\nWidespread use of indigenous varieties\r\n\r\nWidespread use of French varieties\r\n\r\n90% of Cava produced here\r\n\r\nKey in spread of modern equipment and techniques\r\n\r\nAll of the DOs are improving dramatically\r\n\r\nDO Penedés\r\n\r\nImportant DO since 1960:  150 wineries\r\n\r\nImportant innovator in wine\r\n\r\nCenter of Cava production\r\n\r\nAlso elegant whites and reds\r\n\r\nDOCa Priorat\r\n\r\nSmall, exclusive DO since 1954: 26 wineries\r\n\r\nVery expensive wines\r\n\r\nFamous for huge, mineral red wines\r\n\r\nUnique soils: licorella\r\n\r\nUse of Garnacha and Cariñena with French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Montsant\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Priorat…less expensive\r\n\r\nDO Terra Alta\r\n\r\nStill rustic at times…similar potential to Priorat\r\n\r\nDO Alella\r\n\r\nTiny coastal DO: mostly known for whites\r\n\r\nDO Apurdán-Costa Brava\r\n\r\nSmall coastal DO known traditionally for rosados\r\n\r\nDO Concá de Barbera\r\n\r\nMedium size interior DO used as source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Costers de Segre\r\n\r\nSmall interior DO used a source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Plá de Bagés\r\n\r\nTiny interior DO known for crisp whites\r\n\r\nDO Tarragona\r\n\r\nLarge coastal/interior DO makes a wide variety of wines\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla La Mancha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region: one of the biggest in the world\r\n\r\n9 DOs:  more being created\r\n\r\nVery hot region producing Mediterranean style red wines\r\n\r\nVery good value and improving quality\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine still!\r\n\r\nVery good Vinos de la Tierra de Castilla\r\n\r\nAlso several Vinos de Pago\r\n\r\nDO La Mancha\r\n\r\nEnormous DO making good quality wine from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nDO Valdepeñas\r\n\r\nVery large DO making traditional wines from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nOther DOs\r\n\r\nDO Almansa, DO Manchela, DO Méntrida, DO Mondéjar, DO Riber del Júcar\r\n\r\nDO Vinos de Madrid\r\n\r\nNot technically La Mancha, but similar situation and similar wines\r\n\r\nImproving...but best wines are expensive\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n9.  Introduction to Spanish Denominations cont\'d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAragon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge region with 4 DOs\r\n\r\nOne is very high quality, the other three improving rapidly\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine made here\r\n\r\nExcellent climate for high quality wine\r\n\r\nDO Somontano\r\n\r\nSmall, but growing DO with excellent quality\r\n\r\nVery good prices\r\n\r\nElegant, varied wines from indigenous and French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Calatayud\r\n\r\nMedium DO still rustic but interesting old-vine Garnacha and cavas\r\n\r\nDO Cariñena\r\n\r\nLarge DO making lots of jug wine and some interesting old-vine Garnacha\r\n\r\nDO Campo de Borja\r\n\r\nMedium DO with lots of Garnacha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGalicia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMild, wet region known for interesting whites with 5 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Rias Baixas\r\n\r\nTop quality, small DO making whites from Albariño\r\n\r\nHumidity, rain, main challenges\r\n\r\nNo bulk wine allowed\r\n\r\nWines can be pricy\r\n\r\nDO Valdeorras\r\n\r\nHigh quality small DO on border with Leon\r\n\r\nEastern, sheltered location gives more full-bodied whites and reds from Godello and Mencía\r\n\r\nDO Monterei\r\n\r\nHot, sheltered, tiny DO makes mostly reds\r\n\r\nDO Ribeiro\r\n\r\nSmall, coastal DO makes light, spritzy, blended whites\r\n\r\nDO Ribera Sacra\r\n\r\nSmall DO making traditional Galician whites\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNavarra and Basque Country\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nOne large DO and 3 tiny ones\r\n\r\nDO Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge DO making some very good wines: 109 wineries\r\n\r\nUse of a lot of indigenous and foreign grapes\r\n\r\nReputation built on rosés\r\n\r\nNow many more interesting reds and whites\r\n\r\nCross between continental and Atlantic climate\r\n\r\nDO Txacoli\r\n\r\nThree separate DOs: Alava, Getaria, Vizcaya\r\n\r\nMaking vinho verde style wines from local varieties\r\n\r\nHondarribi Zuri and Hondarribi Beltza\r\n\r\nMost are easy-drinking quaffers, but a few more serious wines being made now\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nValencia and Murcia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge jug wine areas now making very interesting wines\r\n\r\nMurcia:  3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Jumilla\r\n\r\nEnormous DO with growing reputation for quality wines\r\n\r\nRed, quality wines based on Monastrell\r\n\r\nInteresting dessert wines\r\n\r\nDO Bullas\r\n\r\nSmall DO with higher altitude makes some interesting reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Yecla\r\n\r\nMedium DO similar to Jumilla\r\n\r\nValencia: 3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Valencia\r\n\r\nLarge DO making mostly insipid whites, but has potential for reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Utiel Requena\r\n\r\nHuge DO making lots of red jug wine\r\n\r\nVery good wines being made from Bobal\r\n\r\nDO Alicante\r\n\r\nLarge DO traditionally know for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNow making good reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nExtremadura\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge DO (Ribera del Guadiana) making mostly jug wines\r\n\r\nGood potential but little results\r\n\r\nBest results in whites, though reds should be better\r\n\r\nMany grapes varieties:  Tempranillo and Garnacha dominate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBalearics\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTiny production\r\n\r\nMost wine made for local tourist consumption\r\n\r\nCheap and cheerful\r\n\r\nSome quality red wine made but quite pricy\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Callet, Fogoneu, Manto Negro\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCanaries\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMedium production made for tourist industry\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Listran and Malvasia\r\n\r\nWhites much better than reds\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAndalucia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMostly fortified wines, but some interesting table wines being made in Malaga and around Granada\r\n\r\nDO Jerez\r\n\r\nLarge DO of 10,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMakes of fortified white wines of many types\r\n\r\nGrapes:\r\n\r\nPalomino for dry sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNon-vintage wines made in criadera and solera systems\r\n\r\nLike cava and champagne\r\n\r\nTo preserve house style\r\n\r\nFinos and Manzanillas\r\n\r\nMade in reductive style under protective \"flor\"\r\n\r\nDry and fresh\r\n\r\nAmontillado\r\n\r\nAged Fino\r\n\r\nHas oxidative notes plus freshness of Fino\r\n\r\nOloroso:\r\n\r\nSolera without flor\r\n\r\nOxidized style:  nutty, brown\r\n\r\nAll start out dry:  some have PX added for sweetness\r\n\r\nPalo Cortado\r\n\r\nRarest style\r\n\r\nCross between Oloroso and Amontillado\r\n\r\nHas flor for short time\r\n\r\nSweet sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX dried to raisins\r\n\r\nUsed as varietal wines and blenders\r\n\r\nDO Montilla Moriles\r\n\r\nVery similar wines to sherry but using PX as base wine\r\n\r\nWhole range from Fino to sweet stickies\r\n\r\nDO Malaga\r\n\r\nFortified dessert wines from Moscatel and PX\r\n\r\nDO Huelva\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Jerez\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDO Cava\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nA style DO, not geographic\r\n\r\nSparkling wine made in Champenoise style\r\n\r\nMostly white, some rosé\r\n\r\nTop sales in world before champagne\r\n\r\nProduced in 160 municipalities\r\n\r\nCataluña:  90% of cava made here\r\n\r\nOther provinces:  Rioja, Valencia, Extremadura, Aragon\r\n\r\nThree traditional grapes:  Macabeo, Parellada, Xarel.lo\r\n\r\nOther grapes:  Chardonnay, Monastrell, Pinot Noir\r\n\r\nTendency:  use of more French varieties\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Spanish Grape Varieties</strong>\r\n\r\nThere is no doubt that the great red grape, Tempranillo,  is king in Spain....it is by far the most important grape variety in terms of quality wine production and respect.  It sometimes seems people would prefer to drink a bad Tempranillo than order another grape variety! Tempranillo is a wonderful variety and offers a great variety of wines depending on the region and the local variant of the grape.  Though considering by many experts a \"noble\" grape\", some also would perhaps criticize Tempranillo for its lack of a distinct personality that shines trough in any terroir.\r\n\r\nTimes are changing and this is a good thing because Spain has some really interesting indigenous varieties other than Tempranillo. Spain does not have the rich diversity of indigenous varieties that is seen in italy or Portugal.  Many varieties were lost or reduced to non-commercial levels after the phyloxera blight at the end of the 19th century.  Much of the replanting was done with easier varietals and eventually with Tempranillo.  Luckily today there is some interest in reviving some of the local obscure varietals.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile some of the great red varieties to watch out for are:  Garnacha (Grenache), Mencia, Bobal, Monastrell (Mourvedre) etc.\r\n\r\nOutstanding white varieties include: Verdejo, Godello, Albariño, Viura, and Palomino\r\n\r\nYou can also find the all usual international grapes planted in Spain and being made into mediocre to very good wine.\r\n\r\nFor more detail on the major indigenous Spanish varietals see <a href=\"http://planetavino.net/newsite/spanish-grape-varieties/\">here</a>...\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Spain Wine In Brief','','inherit','open','open','','338-revision-15','','','2012-10-21 00:56:39','2012-10-21 00:56:39','',338,'http://planetavino.net/newsite/338-revision-15/',0,'revision','',0),(594,1,'2012-10-21 02:08:54','2012-10-21 02:08:54','Below you\'ll find a brief overview of Spanish wines, including a general introduction, wine law, and grape varieties.  This is the more detailed info for those who are looking for some background.\r\n\r\nI\'ve also created a great practical guide to drinking Spanish wine, the styles, identifying the Spanish wines you like by grape or region, figuring the best values and where you can find them.  To get this useful guide just sign up for my monthly newsletter here.  In my newsletter, I\'ll give you an update on the latest on Spanish wine and food and some top wine picks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>My Top Ten of Spanish wine</strong></h2>\r\n<strong>...or a total simplification of Spanish wine!  ....but useful sometimes...</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ol>\r\n	<li>Super dynamic wine market\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Getting world recognition</li>\r\n	<li>Lots of change in every corner of the country!</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Huge wine producer\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards in the world</li>\r\n	<li>3rd in wine production</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Red wine country\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Some of the top red wines in the world</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Whites wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Attractive, great value…improving rapidly</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>In Spain wines ordered by region, not by grape variety\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>70+ designated wine regions or wine appellations (Denominacion de Origen (DO))</li>\r\n	<li>Most important: Rioja, Ribera del Duero, Priorat</li>\r\n	<li>Many rising stars: Jumilla, Toro, Bierzo, La Mancha etc.</li>\r\n	<li>Aging designations on label: crianza, reserva,  gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Most important grape variety: Tempranillo\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties…but only 20 commercially important today</li>\r\n	<li>More and more international varieties:  Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Chardonnay etc.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spanish people drinking much less but drinking higher quality wine</li>\r\n	<li>Exports very important…40%\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers are:  UK, Germany, U.S.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Tendencies:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Old vines</li>\r\n	<li>Single vineyards/terroir wines</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes and unique indigenous grapes</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Blockbuster wines…High alcohol, super extracted, over-oaked</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Wines to wine points from wine critics (Parker effect), comercial wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less appellation wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less wines in traditional categories such as crianza, reserva and gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Conclusion:  Very high quality, consistency and still excellent prices. Some of the best value wines in the world!</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>A few more details...</strong></h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> Long history of winemaking (3000 years!)</li>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards of any country in the world (15.5%)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Third in world wine production after France and Italy (13%)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Just over 50% of wine production is red\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Around 60% of production is table wine, 40% is quality wine</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>But just 20 of them account for 80% of wine production</li>\r\n	<li>Tempranillo:  most important red grape in terms of quality and quantity</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon on the rise</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Vineyards in all 17 autonomous regions\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>La Mancha: (the greatest surface area of vines in the world)</li>\r\n	<li>Rioja:  most densely planted in Spain</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Classification system for quality wine based on regional wine appellations\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>There are over 70 Denominación de Origen (DO) spread throughout Spain</li>\r\n	<li>DO: wine appellation with strict rules controlling viticulture and wine production</li>\r\n	<li>DO wines often have indication of oak aging:  crianza, reserva, gran reserva</li>\r\n	<li>Other categories of quality wine: DOCA, VCIG, Vino de Pago</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Lesser classifications are now being used for some top wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vino de la Tierra and Vino de Mesa</li>\r\n	<li>Used in areas outside designated DOs</li>\r\n	<li>Also used by some winemakers looking for more flexibility</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Over 40% of Spanish production is exported (increasing)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers in terms of value:  UK, Germany, USA</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain also has amazing cavas, dessert wines, and fortified wines at great values</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>Some opinions (mine!)</strong></h2>\r\nChange, change and more change!\r\n\r\nExciting times as change touches every area of Spain\'s wine industry.  New areas are up and coming and showcasing lesser known varietals, while the better known areas such a Rioja and Ribera del Duero are faced  more competition and forced to produce even better wines.  This healthy competition extends itself to styles: ultra modern, blockbuster styles, traditional styles and more restrained terroir styles must all compete for consumer approval.  Hopefully there is room in the market for the finest examples of all the styles as the diversity only makes the\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nA red wine country\r\n\r\nRed wines are amongst the top in the world\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDon\'t overlook the whites!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGood value, inexpensive whites dominate\r\n\r\nHigher quality whites coming on slowly\r\n\r\nIn full revolution\r\n\r\nGreat wines being made in every corner of Spain\r\n\r\nControversy of international styles vs traditional styles\r\n\r\nClassic regions face more competition\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero and Rioja still dominant in internal market\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero: quality reds but pricey\r\n\r\nRioja: a confusing variety of styles\r\n\r\nWine consumption trends\r\n\r\nSpaniards drinking less wine but better quality\r\n\r\nExport market becoming more and more important\r\n\r\nTendencies\r\n\r\nTechnology in the vineyard and winery\r\n\r\nSingle-vineyard wines (the idea of terroir)\r\n\r\nTrendy for rich and famous to get into making wine\r\n\r\nMore international styles: wines to please wine critics\r\n\r\nMore regional styles also trendy\r\n\r\nBlockbuster style:  more everything--alcohol, fruit, tannin, oak\r\n\r\nPrices still good but rising quickly\r\n\r\nMore international prestige but still behind France and Italy\r\n\r\nMore marketing needed!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBottom line:\r\n\r\nOutstanding variety and quality at all price ranges…best value wines in Western Europe!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Law\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>EU wine law recognizes two main categories of wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Table wine and quality wine</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain has two levels of table wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vino de mesa:  no region, grapes, or vintage on label</li>\r\n	<li>Vino de la Tierra (VdlT):  equivalent of Vin de Pays in France\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>An officially recognized area but below DO level</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain has four levels of quality wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vinos de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica (VCIG)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>New category: areas must wait five years to ask for DO</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Denominación de Origen (DO).\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Over 65 exist</li>\r\n	<li>Regulated by a consejo regulador with detailed rules</li>\r\n	<li>Guarantees origin not always quality</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Denominción de Origen Calificada (DOCa)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>DO must wait ten years to attain</li>\r\n	<li>Only Rioja and Priorat so far: stricter rules</li>\r\n	<li>In reality does not guarentee more quality</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Vino de Pago:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Single estates of exceptional quality</li>\r\n	<li>Must comply at least with DOCa rules</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Aging requirements: national DO law...some regions set stricter limits\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Terms generally appear on front labels</li>\r\n	<li>All have a back sticker with category</li>\r\n	<li>Joven or vino de cosecha:  no oak aging (generally should be drunk from latest vintage)</li>\r\n	<li>Roble:  Seen some oak (no legal requirements)</li>\r\n	<li>In reality categories are just for reds</li>\r\n	<li>Some wineries are ignorign categories and have \"cosecha\" sticker for wines with oak aging</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<a title=\"Crianza table\" href=\"http://www.planetavino.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/crianza-charts.JPG\"><img src=\"http://www.planetavino.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/crianza-charts.JPG\" alt=\"Crianza table\" /></a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ncut and paste table\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Regions\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDOCa Rioja\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRioja, Basque Country, Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge area known for red and some whites\r\n\r\nThree sub zones\r\n\r\nRioja Alta and Alavesa\r\n\r\nRioja Baja\r\n\r\nMost densely planted area in Spain\r\n\r\nClassic wine region that led the way\r\n\r\nBrought French influence in 19th century\r\n\r\nMost famous Spanish wine region internationally\r\n\r\nDO created in 1925 (1st)\r\n\r\nDOCa since 1991\r\n\r\n65,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMore than 550 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grape: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nAlso: Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano\r\n\r\nExperimental grape: Cabernet Sauvignon\r\n\r\nSomewhat of an identity crisis\r\n\r\nModern vs traditional\r\n\r\nMild climatological conditions\r\n\r\nAtlantic influence\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla Leon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVery important wine region with five important DOs\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\nDO Cigales\r\n\r\nAlso very important production of Vino de la Tierra de Castilla Leon\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO since 1982\r\n\r\nConsidered to produce some of the finest red wines in Spain\r\n\r\nTrendy and fast-growing areas\r\n\r\nPrices can be quite high\r\n\r\n8,000 ha of vineyards and over 178 wineries.\r\n\r\nGrape variety:  Tinto Fino, a variant of Tempranillo\r\n\r\nClimate: Continental with some Med influences\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nSmall wine region (6000ha) with 36 wineries\r\n\r\nWhite wines from Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc\r\n\r\nCreated in 1980 for whites\r\n\r\nSince 2001 open to reds\r\n\r\nThe wines are attractive modern, cold-fermented whites\r\n\r\nThe climate is wind-swept continental\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nGained fame over last ten years\r\n\r\nPowerful red wines\r\n\r\nSome good value wines, but many more expensive now\r\n\r\nSmall DO created in 1987: 34 wineries\r\n\r\nMain varietal: Tinta de Toro (Tempranillo)\r\n\r\nContinental climate\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\n“Gateway to Galicia”: Currently high profile\r\n\r\nSmall red and white producing area\r\n\r\nDO created in 1988: 39 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grapes: Mencía and Godello\r\n\r\nMild climate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCataluña\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region with 12 DOs with many climatic and geographic variations\r\n\r\n1999: a region DO called DO Cataluña\r\n\r\nStrongest on whites but also great reds\r\n\r\nWidespread use of indigenous varieties\r\n\r\nWidespread use of French varieties\r\n\r\n90% of Cava produced here\r\n\r\nKey in spread of modern equipment and techniques\r\n\r\nAll of the DOs are improving dramatically\r\n\r\nDO Penedés\r\n\r\nImportant DO since 1960:  150 wineries\r\n\r\nImportant innovator in wine\r\n\r\nCenter of Cava production\r\n\r\nAlso elegant whites and reds\r\n\r\nDOCa Priorat\r\n\r\nSmall, exclusive DO since 1954: 26 wineries\r\n\r\nVery expensive wines\r\n\r\nFamous for huge, mineral red wines\r\n\r\nUnique soils: licorella\r\n\r\nUse of Garnacha and Cariñena with French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Montsant\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Priorat…less expensive\r\n\r\nDO Terra Alta\r\n\r\nStill rustic at times…similar potential to Priorat\r\n\r\nDO Alella\r\n\r\nTiny coastal DO: mostly known for whites\r\n\r\nDO Apurdán-Costa Brava\r\n\r\nSmall coastal DO known traditionally for rosados\r\n\r\nDO Concá de Barbera\r\n\r\nMedium size interior DO used as source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Costers de Segre\r\n\r\nSmall interior DO used a source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Plá de Bagés\r\n\r\nTiny interior DO known for crisp whites\r\n\r\nDO Tarragona\r\n\r\nLarge coastal/interior DO makes a wide variety of wines\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla La Mancha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region: one of the biggest in the world\r\n\r\n9 DOs:  more being created\r\n\r\nVery hot region producing Mediterranean style red wines\r\n\r\nVery good value and improving quality\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine still!\r\n\r\nVery good Vinos de la Tierra de Castilla\r\n\r\nAlso several Vinos de Pago\r\n\r\nDO La Mancha\r\n\r\nEnormous DO making good quality wine from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nDO Valdepeñas\r\n\r\nVery large DO making traditional wines from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nOther DOs\r\n\r\nDO Almansa, DO Manchela, DO Méntrida, DO Mondéjar, DO Riber del Júcar\r\n\r\nDO Vinos de Madrid\r\n\r\nNot technically La Mancha, but similar situation and similar wines\r\n\r\nImproving...but best wines are expensive\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n9.  Introduction to Spanish Denominations cont\'d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAragon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge region with 4 DOs\r\n\r\nOne is very high quality, the other three improving rapidly\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine made here\r\n\r\nExcellent climate for high quality wine\r\n\r\nDO Somontano\r\n\r\nSmall, but growing DO with excellent quality\r\n\r\nVery good prices\r\n\r\nElegant, varied wines from indigenous and French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Calatayud\r\n\r\nMedium DO still rustic but interesting old-vine Garnacha and cavas\r\n\r\nDO Cariñena\r\n\r\nLarge DO making lots of jug wine and some interesting old-vine Garnacha\r\n\r\nDO Campo de Borja\r\n\r\nMedium DO with lots of Garnacha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGalicia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMild, wet region known for interesting whites with 5 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Rias Baixas\r\n\r\nTop quality, small DO making whites from Albariño\r\n\r\nHumidity, rain, main challenges\r\n\r\nNo bulk wine allowed\r\n\r\nWines can be pricy\r\n\r\nDO Valdeorras\r\n\r\nHigh quality small DO on border with Leon\r\n\r\nEastern, sheltered location gives more full-bodied whites and reds from Godello and Mencía\r\n\r\nDO Monterei\r\n\r\nHot, sheltered, tiny DO makes mostly reds\r\n\r\nDO Ribeiro\r\n\r\nSmall, coastal DO makes light, spritzy, blended whites\r\n\r\nDO Ribera Sacra\r\n\r\nSmall DO making traditional Galician whites\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNavarra and Basque Country\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nOne large DO and 3 tiny ones\r\n\r\nDO Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge DO making some very good wines: 109 wineries\r\n\r\nUse of a lot of indigenous and foreign grapes\r\n\r\nReputation built on rosés\r\n\r\nNow many more interesting reds and whites\r\n\r\nCross between continental and Atlantic climate\r\n\r\nDO Txacoli\r\n\r\nThree separate DOs: Alava, Getaria, Vizcaya\r\n\r\nMaking vinho verde style wines from local varieties\r\n\r\nHondarribi Zuri and Hondarribi Beltza\r\n\r\nMost are easy-drinking quaffers, but a few more serious wines being made now\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nValencia and Murcia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge jug wine areas now making very interesting wines\r\n\r\nMurcia:  3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Jumilla\r\n\r\nEnormous DO with growing reputation for quality wines\r\n\r\nRed, quality wines based on Monastrell\r\n\r\nInteresting dessert wines\r\n\r\nDO Bullas\r\n\r\nSmall DO with higher altitude makes some interesting reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Yecla\r\n\r\nMedium DO similar to Jumilla\r\n\r\nValencia: 3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Valencia\r\n\r\nLarge DO making mostly insipid whites, but has potential for reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Utiel Requena\r\n\r\nHuge DO making lots of red jug wine\r\n\r\nVery good wines being made from Bobal\r\n\r\nDO Alicante\r\n\r\nLarge DO traditionally know for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNow making good reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nExtremadura\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge DO (Ribera del Guadiana) making mostly jug wines\r\n\r\nGood potential but little results\r\n\r\nBest results in whites, though reds should be better\r\n\r\nMany grapes varieties:  Tempranillo and Garnacha dominate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBalearics\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTiny production\r\n\r\nMost wine made for local tourist consumption\r\n\r\nCheap and cheerful\r\n\r\nSome quality red wine made but quite pricy\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Callet, Fogoneu, Manto Negro\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCanaries\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMedium production made for tourist industry\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Listran and Malvasia\r\n\r\nWhites much better than reds\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAndalucia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMostly fortified wines, but some interesting table wines being made in Malaga and around Granada\r\n\r\nDO Jerez\r\n\r\nLarge DO of 10,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMakes of fortified white wines of many types\r\n\r\nGrapes:\r\n\r\nPalomino for dry sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNon-vintage wines made in criadera and solera systems\r\n\r\nLike cava and champagne\r\n\r\nTo preserve house style\r\n\r\nFinos and Manzanillas\r\n\r\nMade in reductive style under protective \"flor\"\r\n\r\nDry and fresh\r\n\r\nAmontillado\r\n\r\nAged Fino\r\n\r\nHas oxidative notes plus freshness of Fino\r\n\r\nOloroso:\r\n\r\nSolera without flor\r\n\r\nOxidized style:  nutty, brown\r\n\r\nAll start out dry:  some have PX added for sweetness\r\n\r\nPalo Cortado\r\n\r\nRarest style\r\n\r\nCross between Oloroso and Amontillado\r\n\r\nHas flor for short time\r\n\r\nSweet sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX dried to raisins\r\n\r\nUsed as varietal wines and blenders\r\n\r\nDO Montilla Moriles\r\n\r\nVery similar wines to sherry but using PX as base wine\r\n\r\nWhole range from Fino to sweet stickies\r\n\r\nDO Malaga\r\n\r\nFortified dessert wines from Moscatel and PX\r\n\r\nDO Huelva\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Jerez\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDO Cava\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nA style DO, not geographic\r\n\r\nSparkling wine made in Champenoise style\r\n\r\nMostly white, some rosé\r\n\r\nTop sales in world before champagne\r\n\r\nProduced in 160 municipalities\r\n\r\nCataluña:  90% of cava made here\r\n\r\nOther provinces:  Rioja, Valencia, Extremadura, Aragon\r\n\r\nThree traditional grapes:  Macabeo, Parellada, Xarel.lo\r\n\r\nOther grapes:  Chardonnay, Monastrell, Pinot Noir\r\n\r\nTendency:  use of more French varieties\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Spanish Grape Varieties</strong>\r\n\r\nThere is no doubt that the great red grape, Tempranillo,  is king in Spain....it is by far the most important grape variety in terms of quality wine production and respect.  It sometimes seems people would prefer to drink a bad Tempranillo than order another grape variety! Tempranillo is a wonderful variety and offers a great variety of wines depending on the region and the local variant of the grape.  Though considering by many experts a \"noble\" grape\", some also would perhaps criticize Tempranillo for its lack of a distinct personality that shines trough in any terroir.\r\n\r\nTimes are changing and this is a good thing because Spain has some really interesting indigenous varieties other than Tempranillo. Spain does not have the rich diversity of indigenous varieties that is seen in italy or Portugal.  Many varieties were lost or reduced to non-commercial levels after the phyloxera blight at the end of the 19th century.  Much of the replanting was done with easier varietals and eventually with Tempranillo.  Luckily today there is some interest in reviving some of the local obscure varietals.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile some of the great red varieties to watch out for are:  Garnacha (Grenache), Mencia, Bobal, Monastrell (Mourvedre) etc.\r\n\r\nOutstanding white varieties include: Verdejo, Godello, Albariño, Viura, and Palomino\r\n\r\nYou can also find the all usual international grapes planted in Spain and being made into mediocre to very good wine.\r\n\r\nFor more detail on the major indigenous Spanish varietals see <a href=\"http://planetavino.net/newsite/spanish-grape-varieties/\">here</a>...\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Spain Wine In Brief','','inherit','open','open','','338-revision-16','','','2012-10-21 02:08:54','2012-10-21 02:08:54','',338,'http://planetavino.net/newsite/338-revision-16/',0,'revision','',0),(595,1,'2012-10-21 02:27:08','2012-10-21 02:27:08','Below you\'ll find a brief overview of Spanish wines, including a general introduction, wine law, and grape varieties.  This is the more detailed info for those who are looking for some background.\r\n\r\nI\'ve also created a great practical guide to drinking Spanish wine, the styles, identifying the Spanish wines you like by grape or region, figuring the best values and where you can find them.  To get this useful guide just sign up for my monthly newsletter here.  In my newsletter, I\'ll give you an update on the latest on Spanish wine and food and some top wine picks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>My Top Ten of Spanish wine</strong></h2>\r\n<strong>...or a total simplification of Spanish wine!  ....but useful sometimes...</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ol>\r\n	<li>Super dynamic wine market\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Getting world recognition</li>\r\n	<li>Lots of change in every corner of the country!</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Huge wine producer\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards in the world</li>\r\n	<li>3rd in wine production</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Red wine country\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Some of the top red wines in the world</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Whites wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Attractive, great value…improving rapidly</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>In Spain wines ordered by region, not by grape variety\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>70+ designated wine regions or wine appellations (Denominacion de Origen (DO))</li>\r\n	<li>Most important: Rioja, Ribera del Duero, Priorat</li>\r\n	<li>Many rising stars: Jumilla, Toro, Bierzo, La Mancha etc.</li>\r\n	<li>Aging designations on label: crianza, reserva,  gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Most important grape variety: Tempranillo\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties…but only 20 commercially important today</li>\r\n	<li>More and more international varieties:  Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Chardonnay etc.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spanish people drinking much less but drinking higher quality wine</li>\r\n	<li>Exports very important…40%\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers are:  UK, Germany, U.S.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Tendencies:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Old vines</li>\r\n	<li>Single vineyards/terroir wines</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes and unique indigenous grapes</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Blockbuster wines…High alcohol, super extracted, over-oaked</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Wines to wine points from wine critics (Parker effect), comercial wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less appellation wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less wines in traditional categories such as crianza, reserva and gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Conclusion:  Very high quality, consistency and still excellent prices. Some of the best value wines in the world!</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>A few more details...</strong></h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> Long history of winemaking (3000 years!)</li>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards of any country in the world (15.5%)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Third in world wine production after France and Italy (13%)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Just over 50% of wine production is red\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Around 60% of production is table wine, 40% is quality wine</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>But just 20 of them account for 80% of wine production</li>\r\n	<li>Tempranillo:  most important red grape in terms of quality and quantity</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon on the rise</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Vineyards in all 17 autonomous regions\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>La Mancha: (the greatest surface area of vines in the world)</li>\r\n	<li>Rioja:  most densely planted in Spain</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Classification system for quality wine based on regional wine appellations\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>There are over 70 Denominación de Origen (DO) spread throughout Spain</li>\r\n	<li>DO: wine appellation with strict rules controlling viticulture and wine production</li>\r\n	<li>DO wines often have indication of oak aging:  crianza, reserva, gran reserva</li>\r\n	<li>Other categories of quality wine: DOCA, VCIG, Vino de Pago</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Lesser classifications are now being used for some top wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vino de la Tierra and Vino de Mesa</li>\r\n	<li>Used in areas outside designated DOs</li>\r\n	<li>Also used by some winemakers looking for more flexibility</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Over 40% of Spanish production is exported (increasing)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers in terms of value:  UK, Germany, USA</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain also has amazing cavas, dessert wines, and fortified wines at great values</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>Some opinions (only mine!)</strong></h2>\r\n<strong>Change, change and more change!</strong>\r\n\r\nExciting times as change touches every area of Spain\'s wine industry.  New areas are up and coming and showcasing lesser known varietals, while the better known areas such a Rioja and Ribera del Duero are faced  more competition and forced to produce even better wines.  This healthy competition extends itself to styles: ultra modern, blockbuster styles, traditional styles and more restrained terroir styles must all compete for consumer approval.  Hopefully there is room in the market for the finest examples of all the styles as the diversity only benefits the consumer.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>A red wine country</strong>\r\n\r\nRed wines are amongst the top in the world\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>...but don\'t overlook the whites!</strong>\r\n\r\nGood value, inexpensive whites dominate\r\n\r\nHigher quality whites coming on slowly\r\n\r\nIn full revolution\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Obsessed with Rioja and Ribera?</strong>\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero and Rioja still dominant in internal market\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero: quality reds but pricey\r\n\r\nRioja: a confusing variety of styles\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Spaniards don\'t like wine anymore?</strong>\r\n\r\nWine consumption trends\r\n\r\nSpaniards drinking less wine but better quality\r\n\r\nExport market becoming more and more important\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Some beautiful things</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Some not so beautiful things </strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Love me some Spanish wine!</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTendencies\r\n\r\nTechnology in the vineyard and winery\r\n\r\nSingle-vineyard wines (the idea of terroir)\r\n\r\nTrendy for rich and famous to get into making wine\r\n\r\nMore international styles: wines to please wine critics\r\n\r\nMore regional styles also trendy\r\n\r\nBlockbuster style:  more everything--alcohol, fruit, tannin, oak\r\n\r\nPrices still good but rising quickly\r\n\r\nMore international prestige but still behind France and Italy\r\n\r\nMore marketing needed!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBottom line:\r\n\r\nOutstanding variety and quality at all price ranges…best value wines in Western Europe!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Law\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>EU wine law recognizes two main categories of wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Table wine and quality wine</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain has two levels of table wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vino de mesa:  no region, grapes, or vintage on label</li>\r\n	<li>Vino de la Tierra (VdlT):  equivalent of Vin de Pays in France\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>An officially recognized area but below DO level</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain has four levels of quality wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vinos de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica (VCIG)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>New category: areas must wait five years to ask for DO</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Denominación de Origen (DO).\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Over 65 exist</li>\r\n	<li>Regulated by a consejo regulador with detailed rules</li>\r\n	<li>Guarantees origin not always quality</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Denominción de Origen Calificada (DOCa)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>DO must wait ten years to attain</li>\r\n	<li>Only Rioja and Priorat so far: stricter rules</li>\r\n	<li>In reality does not guarentee more quality</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Vino de Pago:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Single estates of exceptional quality</li>\r\n	<li>Must comply at least with DOCa rules</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Aging requirements: national DO law...some regions set stricter limits\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Terms generally appear on front labels</li>\r\n	<li>All have a back sticker with category</li>\r\n	<li>Joven or vino de cosecha:  no oak aging (generally should be drunk from latest vintage)</li>\r\n	<li>Roble:  Seen some oak (no legal requirements)</li>\r\n	<li>In reality categories are just for reds</li>\r\n	<li>Some wineries are ignorign categories and have \"cosecha\" sticker for wines with oak aging</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<a title=\"Crianza table\" href=\"http://www.planetavino.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/crianza-charts.JPG\"><img src=\"http://www.planetavino.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/crianza-charts.JPG\" alt=\"Crianza table\" /></a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ncut and paste table\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Regions\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDOCa Rioja\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRioja, Basque Country, Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge area known for red and some whites\r\n\r\nThree sub zones\r\n\r\nRioja Alta and Alavesa\r\n\r\nRioja Baja\r\n\r\nMost densely planted area in Spain\r\n\r\nClassic wine region that led the way\r\n\r\nBrought French influence in 19th century\r\n\r\nMost famous Spanish wine region internationally\r\n\r\nDO created in 1925 (1st)\r\n\r\nDOCa since 1991\r\n\r\n65,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMore than 550 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grape: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nAlso: Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano\r\n\r\nExperimental grape: Cabernet Sauvignon\r\n\r\nSomewhat of an identity crisis\r\n\r\nModern vs traditional\r\n\r\nMild climatological conditions\r\n\r\nAtlantic influence\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla Leon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVery important wine region with five important DOs\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\nDO Cigales\r\n\r\nAlso very important production of Vino de la Tierra de Castilla Leon\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO since 1982\r\n\r\nConsidered to produce some of the finest red wines in Spain\r\n\r\nTrendy and fast-growing areas\r\n\r\nPrices can be quite high\r\n\r\n8,000 ha of vineyards and over 178 wineries.\r\n\r\nGrape variety:  Tinto Fino, a variant of Tempranillo\r\n\r\nClimate: Continental with some Med influences\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nSmall wine region (6000ha) with 36 wineries\r\n\r\nWhite wines from Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc\r\n\r\nCreated in 1980 for whites\r\n\r\nSince 2001 open to reds\r\n\r\nThe wines are attractive modern, cold-fermented whites\r\n\r\nThe climate is wind-swept continental\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nGained fame over last ten years\r\n\r\nPowerful red wines\r\n\r\nSome good value wines, but many more expensive now\r\n\r\nSmall DO created in 1987: 34 wineries\r\n\r\nMain varietal: Tinta de Toro (Tempranillo)\r\n\r\nContinental climate\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\n“Gateway to Galicia”: Currently high profile\r\n\r\nSmall red and white producing area\r\n\r\nDO created in 1988: 39 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grapes: Mencía and Godello\r\n\r\nMild climate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCataluña\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region with 12 DOs with many climatic and geographic variations\r\n\r\n1999: a region DO called DO Cataluña\r\n\r\nStrongest on whites but also great reds\r\n\r\nWidespread use of indigenous varieties\r\n\r\nWidespread use of French varieties\r\n\r\n90% of Cava produced here\r\n\r\nKey in spread of modern equipment and techniques\r\n\r\nAll of the DOs are improving dramatically\r\n\r\nDO Penedés\r\n\r\nImportant DO since 1960:  150 wineries\r\n\r\nImportant innovator in wine\r\n\r\nCenter of Cava production\r\n\r\nAlso elegant whites and reds\r\n\r\nDOCa Priorat\r\n\r\nSmall, exclusive DO since 1954: 26 wineries\r\n\r\nVery expensive wines\r\n\r\nFamous for huge, mineral red wines\r\n\r\nUnique soils: licorella\r\n\r\nUse of Garnacha and Cariñena with French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Montsant\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Priorat…less expensive\r\n\r\nDO Terra Alta\r\n\r\nStill rustic at times…similar potential to Priorat\r\n\r\nDO Alella\r\n\r\nTiny coastal DO: mostly known for whites\r\n\r\nDO Apurdán-Costa Brava\r\n\r\nSmall coastal DO known traditionally for rosados\r\n\r\nDO Concá de Barbera\r\n\r\nMedium size interior DO used as source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Costers de Segre\r\n\r\nSmall interior DO used a source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Plá de Bagés\r\n\r\nTiny interior DO known for crisp whites\r\n\r\nDO Tarragona\r\n\r\nLarge coastal/interior DO makes a wide variety of wines\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla La Mancha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region: one of the biggest in the world\r\n\r\n9 DOs:  more being created\r\n\r\nVery hot region producing Mediterranean style red wines\r\n\r\nVery good value and improving quality\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine still!\r\n\r\nVery good Vinos de la Tierra de Castilla\r\n\r\nAlso several Vinos de Pago\r\n\r\nDO La Mancha\r\n\r\nEnormous DO making good quality wine from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nDO Valdepeñas\r\n\r\nVery large DO making traditional wines from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nOther DOs\r\n\r\nDO Almansa, DO Manchela, DO Méntrida, DO Mondéjar, DO Riber del Júcar\r\n\r\nDO Vinos de Madrid\r\n\r\nNot technically La Mancha, but similar situation and similar wines\r\n\r\nImproving...but best wines are expensive\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n9.  Introduction to Spanish Denominations cont\'d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAragon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge region with 4 DOs\r\n\r\nOne is very high quality, the other three improving rapidly\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine made here\r\n\r\nExcellent climate for high quality wine\r\n\r\nDO Somontano\r\n\r\nSmall, but growing DO with excellent quality\r\n\r\nVery good prices\r\n\r\nElegant, varied wines from indigenous and French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Calatayud\r\n\r\nMedium DO still rustic but interesting old-vine Garnacha and cavas\r\n\r\nDO Cariñena\r\n\r\nLarge DO making lots of jug wine and some interesting old-vine Garnacha\r\n\r\nDO Campo de Borja\r\n\r\nMedium DO with lots of Garnacha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGalicia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMild, wet region known for interesting whites with 5 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Rias Baixas\r\n\r\nTop quality, small DO making whites from Albariño\r\n\r\nHumidity, rain, main challenges\r\n\r\nNo bulk wine allowed\r\n\r\nWines can be pricy\r\n\r\nDO Valdeorras\r\n\r\nHigh quality small DO on border with Leon\r\n\r\nEastern, sheltered location gives more full-bodied whites and reds from Godello and Mencía\r\n\r\nDO Monterei\r\n\r\nHot, sheltered, tiny DO makes mostly reds\r\n\r\nDO Ribeiro\r\n\r\nSmall, coastal DO makes light, spritzy, blended whites\r\n\r\nDO Ribera Sacra\r\n\r\nSmall DO making traditional Galician whites\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNavarra and Basque Country\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nOne large DO and 3 tiny ones\r\n\r\nDO Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge DO making some very good wines: 109 wineries\r\n\r\nUse of a lot of indigenous and foreign grapes\r\n\r\nReputation built on rosés\r\n\r\nNow many more interesting reds and whites\r\n\r\nCross between continental and Atlantic climate\r\n\r\nDO Txacoli\r\n\r\nThree separate DOs: Alava, Getaria, Vizcaya\r\n\r\nMaking vinho verde style wines from local varieties\r\n\r\nHondarribi Zuri and Hondarribi Beltza\r\n\r\nMost are easy-drinking quaffers, but a few more serious wines being made now\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nValencia and Murcia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge jug wine areas now making very interesting wines\r\n\r\nMurcia:  3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Jumilla\r\n\r\nEnormous DO with growing reputation for quality wines\r\n\r\nRed, quality wines based on Monastrell\r\n\r\nInteresting dessert wines\r\n\r\nDO Bullas\r\n\r\nSmall DO with higher altitude makes some interesting reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Yecla\r\n\r\nMedium DO similar to Jumilla\r\n\r\nValencia: 3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Valencia\r\n\r\nLarge DO making mostly insipid whites, but has potential for reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Utiel Requena\r\n\r\nHuge DO making lots of red jug wine\r\n\r\nVery good wines being made from Bobal\r\n\r\nDO Alicante\r\n\r\nLarge DO traditionally know for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNow making good reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nExtremadura\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge DO (Ribera del Guadiana) making mostly jug wines\r\n\r\nGood potential but little results\r\n\r\nBest results in whites, though reds should be better\r\n\r\nMany grapes varieties:  Tempranillo and Garnacha dominate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBalearics\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTiny production\r\n\r\nMost wine made for local tourist consumption\r\n\r\nCheap and cheerful\r\n\r\nSome quality red wine made but quite pricy\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Callet, Fogoneu, Manto Negro\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCanaries\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMedium production made for tourist industry\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Listran and Malvasia\r\n\r\nWhites much better than reds\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAndalucia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMostly fortified wines, but some interesting table wines being made in Malaga and around Granada\r\n\r\nDO Jerez\r\n\r\nLarge DO of 10,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMakes of fortified white wines of many types\r\n\r\nGrapes:\r\n\r\nPalomino for dry sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNon-vintage wines made in criadera and solera systems\r\n\r\nLike cava and champagne\r\n\r\nTo preserve house style\r\n\r\nFinos and Manzanillas\r\n\r\nMade in reductive style under protective \"flor\"\r\n\r\nDry and fresh\r\n\r\nAmontillado\r\n\r\nAged Fino\r\n\r\nHas oxidative notes plus freshness of Fino\r\n\r\nOloroso:\r\n\r\nSolera without flor\r\n\r\nOxidized style:  nutty, brown\r\n\r\nAll start out dry:  some have PX added for sweetness\r\n\r\nPalo Cortado\r\n\r\nRarest style\r\n\r\nCross between Oloroso and Amontillado\r\n\r\nHas flor for short time\r\n\r\nSweet sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX dried to raisins\r\n\r\nUsed as varietal wines and blenders\r\n\r\nDO Montilla Moriles\r\n\r\nVery similar wines to sherry but using PX as base wine\r\n\r\nWhole range from Fino to sweet stickies\r\n\r\nDO Malaga\r\n\r\nFortified dessert wines from Moscatel and PX\r\n\r\nDO Huelva\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Jerez\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDO Cava\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nA style DO, not geographic\r\n\r\nSparkling wine made in Champenoise style\r\n\r\nMostly white, some rosé\r\n\r\nTop sales in world before champagne\r\n\r\nProduced in 160 municipalities\r\n\r\nCataluña:  90% of cava made here\r\n\r\nOther provinces:  Rioja, Valencia, Extremadura, Aragon\r\n\r\nThree traditional grapes:  Macabeo, Parellada, Xarel.lo\r\n\r\nOther grapes:  Chardonnay, Monastrell, Pinot Noir\r\n\r\nTendency:  use of more French varieties\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Spanish Grape Varieties</strong>\r\n\r\nThere is no doubt that the great red grape, Tempranillo,  is king in Spain....it is by far the most important grape variety in terms of quality wine production and respect.  It sometimes seems people would prefer to drink a bad Tempranillo than order another grape variety! Tempranillo is a wonderful variety and offers a great variety of wines depending on the region and the local variant of the grape.  Though considering by many experts a \"noble\" grape\", some also would perhaps criticize Tempranillo for its lack of a distinct personality that shines trough in any terroir.\r\n\r\nTimes are changing and this is a good thing because Spain has some really interesting indigenous varieties other than Tempranillo. Spain does not have the rich diversity of indigenous varieties that is seen in italy or Portugal.  Many varieties were lost or reduced to non-commercial levels after the phyloxera blight at the end of the 19th century.  Much of the replanting was done with easier varietals and eventually with Tempranillo.  Luckily today there is some interest in reviving some of the local obscure varietals.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile some of the great red varieties to watch out for are:  Garnacha (Grenache), Mencia, Bobal, Monastrell (Mourvedre) etc.\r\n\r\nOutstanding white varieties include: Verdejo, Godello, Albariño, Viura, and Palomino\r\n\r\nYou can also find the all usual international grapes planted in Spain and being made into mediocre to very good wine.\r\n\r\nFor more detail on the major indigenous Spanish varietals see <a href=\"http://planetavino.net/newsite/spanish-grape-varieties/\">here</a>...\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Spain Wine In Brief','','inherit','open','open','','338-revision-17','','','2012-10-21 02:27:08','2012-10-21 02:27:08','',338,'http://planetavino.net/newsite/338-revision-17/',0,'revision','',0),(596,1,'2012-10-21 02:39:06','2012-10-21 02:39:06','Below you\'ll find a brief overview of Spanish wines, including a general introduction, wine law, and grape varieties.  This is the more detailed info for those who are looking for some background.\r\n\r\nI\'ve also created a great practical guide to drinking Spanish wine, the styles, identifying the Spanish wines you like by grape or region, figuring the best values and where you can find them.  To get this useful guide just sign up for my monthly newsletter here.  In my newsletter, I\'ll give you an update on the latest on Spanish wine and food and some top wine picks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>My Top Ten of Spanish wine</strong></h2>\r\n<strong>...or a total simplification of Spanish wine!  ....but useful sometimes...</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ol>\r\n	<li>Super dynamic wine market\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Getting world recognition</li>\r\n	<li>Lots of change in every corner of the country!</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Huge wine producer\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards in the world</li>\r\n	<li>3rd in wine production</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Red wine country\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Some of the top red wines in the world</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Whites wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Attractive, great value…improving rapidly</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>In Spain wines ordered by region, not by grape variety\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>70+ designated wine regions or wine appellations (Denominacion de Origen (DO))</li>\r\n	<li>Most important: Rioja, Ribera del Duero, Priorat</li>\r\n	<li>Many rising stars: Jumilla, Toro, Bierzo, La Mancha etc.</li>\r\n	<li>Aging designations on label: crianza, reserva,  gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Most important grape variety: Tempranillo\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties…but only 20 commercially important today</li>\r\n	<li>More and more international varieties:  Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Chardonnay etc.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spanish people drinking much less but drinking higher quality wine</li>\r\n	<li>Exports very important…40%\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers are:  UK, Germany, U.S.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Tendencies:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Old vines</li>\r\n	<li>Single vineyards/terroir wines</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes and unique indigenous grapes</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Blockbuster wines…High alcohol, super extracted, over-oaked</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Wines to wine points from wine critics (Parker effect), comercial wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less appellation wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less wines in traditional categories such as crianza, reserva and gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Conclusion:  Very high quality, consistency and still excellent prices. Some of the best value wines in the world!</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>A few more details...</strong></h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> Long history of winemaking (3000 years!)</li>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards of any country in the world (15.5%)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Third in world wine production after France and Italy (13%)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Just over 50% of wine production is red\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Around 60% of production is table wine, 40% is quality wine</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>But just 20 of them account for 80% of wine production</li>\r\n	<li>Tempranillo:  most important red grape in terms of quality and quantity</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon on the rise</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Vineyards in all 17 autonomous regions\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>La Mancha: (the greatest surface area of vines in the world)</li>\r\n	<li>Rioja:  most densely planted in Spain</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Classification system for quality wine based on regional wine appellations\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>There are over 70 Denominación de Origen (DO) spread throughout Spain</li>\r\n	<li>DO: wine appellation with strict rules controlling viticulture and wine production</li>\r\n	<li>DO wines often have indication of oak aging:  crianza, reserva, gran reserva</li>\r\n	<li>Other categories of quality wine: DOCA, VCIG, Vino de Pago</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Lesser classifications are now being used for some top wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vino de la Tierra and Vino de Mesa</li>\r\n	<li>Used in areas outside designated DOs</li>\r\n	<li>Also used by some winemakers looking for more flexibility</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Over 40% of Spanish production is exported (increasing)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers in terms of value:  UK, Germany, USA</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain also has amazing cavas, dessert wines, and fortified wines at great values</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>Some opinions (only mine!)</strong></h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Change, change and more change!</strong>\r\n\r\nExciting times as change touches every area of Spain\'s wine industry.  New areas are up and coming and showcasing lesser known varietals, while the better known areas such a Rioja and Ribera del Duero are faced  more competition and forced to produce even better wines.  This healthy competition extends itself to styles: ultra modern, blockbuster styles, traditional styles and more restrained terroir styles must all compete for consumer approval.  Hopefully there is room in the market for the finest examples of all the styles as the diversity only benefits the consumer.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>A red wine country</strong>\r\n\r\nSpain is known for its red wines and makes some of the finest reds in the world.  It also makes tons of great value, easy drinking reds that consistently deliver.  Why so much talk of reds?  Spain\'s climate lends itself towards reds, but there is an equally important cultural reason for the domination of the color red.  For most spaniards wine is <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">red <span style=\"color: #000000;\"> and only red.  There is a saying in Spain that the best white is a red!</span></span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>...but don\'t overlook the whites!</strong>\r\n\r\nGood value, inexpensive whites dominate\r\n\r\nHigher quality whites coming on slowly\r\n\r\nIn full revolution\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Obsessed with Rioja and Ribera?</strong>\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero and Rioja still dominant in internal market\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero: quality reds but pricey\r\n\r\nRioja: a confusing variety of styles\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Spaniards don\'t like wine anymore?</strong>\r\n\r\nWine consumption trends\r\n\r\nSpaniards drinking less wine but better quality\r\n\r\nExport market becoming more and more important\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Some beautiful things</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Some not so beautiful things </strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Love me some Spanish wine!</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTendencies\r\n\r\nTechnology in the vineyard and winery\r\n\r\nSingle-vineyard wines (the idea of terroir)\r\n\r\nTrendy for rich and famous to get into making wine\r\n\r\nMore international styles: wines to please wine critics\r\n\r\nMore regional styles also trendy\r\n\r\nBlockbuster style:  more everything--alcohol, fruit, tannin, oak\r\n\r\nPrices still good but rising quickly\r\n\r\nMore international prestige but still behind France and Italy\r\n\r\nMore marketing needed!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBottom line:\r\n\r\nOutstanding variety and quality at all price ranges…best value wines in Western Europe!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Law\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>EU wine law recognizes two main categories of wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Table wine and quality wine</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain has two levels of table wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vino de mesa:  no region, grapes, or vintage on label</li>\r\n	<li>Vino de la Tierra (VdlT):  equivalent of Vin de Pays in France\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>An officially recognized area but below DO level</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain has four levels of quality wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vinos de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica (VCIG)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>New category: areas must wait five years to ask for DO</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Denominación de Origen (DO).\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Over 65 exist</li>\r\n	<li>Regulated by a consejo regulador with detailed rules</li>\r\n	<li>Guarantees origin not always quality</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Denominción de Origen Calificada (DOCa)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>DO must wait ten years to attain</li>\r\n	<li>Only Rioja and Priorat so far: stricter rules</li>\r\n	<li>In reality does not guarentee more quality</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Vino de Pago:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Single estates of exceptional quality</li>\r\n	<li>Must comply at least with DOCa rules</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Aging requirements: national DO law...some regions set stricter limits\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Terms generally appear on front labels</li>\r\n	<li>All have a back sticker with category</li>\r\n	<li>Joven or vino de cosecha:  no oak aging (generally should be drunk from latest vintage)</li>\r\n	<li>Roble:  Seen some oak (no legal requirements)</li>\r\n	<li>In reality categories are just for reds</li>\r\n	<li>Some wineries are ignorign categories and have \"cosecha\" sticker for wines with oak aging</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<a title=\"Crianza table\" href=\"http://www.planetavino.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/crianza-charts.JPG\"><img src=\"http://www.planetavino.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/crianza-charts.JPG\" alt=\"Crianza table\" /></a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ncut and paste table\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Regions\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDOCa Rioja\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRioja, Basque Country, Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge area known for red and some whites\r\n\r\nThree sub zones\r\n\r\nRioja Alta and Alavesa\r\n\r\nRioja Baja\r\n\r\nMost densely planted area in Spain\r\n\r\nClassic wine region that led the way\r\n\r\nBrought French influence in 19th century\r\n\r\nMost famous Spanish wine region internationally\r\n\r\nDO created in 1925 (1st)\r\n\r\nDOCa since 1991\r\n\r\n65,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMore than 550 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grape: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nAlso: Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano\r\n\r\nExperimental grape: Cabernet Sauvignon\r\n\r\nSomewhat of an identity crisis\r\n\r\nModern vs traditional\r\n\r\nMild climatological conditions\r\n\r\nAtlantic influence\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla Leon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVery important wine region with five important DOs\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\nDO Cigales\r\n\r\nAlso very important production of Vino de la Tierra de Castilla Leon\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO since 1982\r\n\r\nConsidered to produce some of the finest red wines in Spain\r\n\r\nTrendy and fast-growing areas\r\n\r\nPrices can be quite high\r\n\r\n8,000 ha of vineyards and over 178 wineries.\r\n\r\nGrape variety:  Tinto Fino, a variant of Tempranillo\r\n\r\nClimate: Continental with some Med influences\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nSmall wine region (6000ha) with 36 wineries\r\n\r\nWhite wines from Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc\r\n\r\nCreated in 1980 for whites\r\n\r\nSince 2001 open to reds\r\n\r\nThe wines are attractive modern, cold-fermented whites\r\n\r\nThe climate is wind-swept continental\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nGained fame over last ten years\r\n\r\nPowerful red wines\r\n\r\nSome good value wines, but many more expensive now\r\n\r\nSmall DO created in 1987: 34 wineries\r\n\r\nMain varietal: Tinta de Toro (Tempranillo)\r\n\r\nContinental climate\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\n“Gateway to Galicia”: Currently high profile\r\n\r\nSmall red and white producing area\r\n\r\nDO created in 1988: 39 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grapes: Mencía and Godello\r\n\r\nMild climate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCataluña\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region with 12 DOs with many climatic and geographic variations\r\n\r\n1999: a region DO called DO Cataluña\r\n\r\nStrongest on whites but also great reds\r\n\r\nWidespread use of indigenous varieties\r\n\r\nWidespread use of French varieties\r\n\r\n90% of Cava produced here\r\n\r\nKey in spread of modern equipment and techniques\r\n\r\nAll of the DOs are improving dramatically\r\n\r\nDO Penedés\r\n\r\nImportant DO since 1960:  150 wineries\r\n\r\nImportant innovator in wine\r\n\r\nCenter of Cava production\r\n\r\nAlso elegant whites and reds\r\n\r\nDOCa Priorat\r\n\r\nSmall, exclusive DO since 1954: 26 wineries\r\n\r\nVery expensive wines\r\n\r\nFamous for huge, mineral red wines\r\n\r\nUnique soils: licorella\r\n\r\nUse of Garnacha and Cariñena with French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Montsant\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Priorat…less expensive\r\n\r\nDO Terra Alta\r\n\r\nStill rustic at times…similar potential to Priorat\r\n\r\nDO Alella\r\n\r\nTiny coastal DO: mostly known for whites\r\n\r\nDO Apurdán-Costa Brava\r\n\r\nSmall coastal DO known traditionally for rosados\r\n\r\nDO Concá de Barbera\r\n\r\nMedium size interior DO used as source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Costers de Segre\r\n\r\nSmall interior DO used a source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Plá de Bagés\r\n\r\nTiny interior DO known for crisp whites\r\n\r\nDO Tarragona\r\n\r\nLarge coastal/interior DO makes a wide variety of wines\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla La Mancha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region: one of the biggest in the world\r\n\r\n9 DOs:  more being created\r\n\r\nVery hot region producing Mediterranean style red wines\r\n\r\nVery good value and improving quality\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine still!\r\n\r\nVery good Vinos de la Tierra de Castilla\r\n\r\nAlso several Vinos de Pago\r\n\r\nDO La Mancha\r\n\r\nEnormous DO making good quality wine from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nDO Valdepeñas\r\n\r\nVery large DO making traditional wines from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nOther DOs\r\n\r\nDO Almansa, DO Manchela, DO Méntrida, DO Mondéjar, DO Riber del Júcar\r\n\r\nDO Vinos de Madrid\r\n\r\nNot technically La Mancha, but similar situation and similar wines\r\n\r\nImproving...but best wines are expensive\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n9.  Introduction to Spanish Denominations cont\'d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAragon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge region with 4 DOs\r\n\r\nOne is very high quality, the other three improving rapidly\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine made here\r\n\r\nExcellent climate for high quality wine\r\n\r\nDO Somontano\r\n\r\nSmall, but growing DO with excellent quality\r\n\r\nVery good prices\r\n\r\nElegant, varied wines from indigenous and French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Calatayud\r\n\r\nMedium DO still rustic but interesting old-vine Garnacha and cavas\r\n\r\nDO Cariñena\r\n\r\nLarge DO making lots of jug wine and some interesting old-vine Garnacha\r\n\r\nDO Campo de Borja\r\n\r\nMedium DO with lots of Garnacha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGalicia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMild, wet region known for interesting whites with 5 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Rias Baixas\r\n\r\nTop quality, small DO making whites from Albariño\r\n\r\nHumidity, rain, main challenges\r\n\r\nNo bulk wine allowed\r\n\r\nWines can be pricy\r\n\r\nDO Valdeorras\r\n\r\nHigh quality small DO on border with Leon\r\n\r\nEastern, sheltered location gives more full-bodied whites and reds from Godello and Mencía\r\n\r\nDO Monterei\r\n\r\nHot, sheltered, tiny DO makes mostly reds\r\n\r\nDO Ribeiro\r\n\r\nSmall, coastal DO makes light, spritzy, blended whites\r\n\r\nDO Ribera Sacra\r\n\r\nSmall DO making traditional Galician whites\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNavarra and Basque Country\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nOne large DO and 3 tiny ones\r\n\r\nDO Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge DO making some very good wines: 109 wineries\r\n\r\nUse of a lot of indigenous and foreign grapes\r\n\r\nReputation built on rosés\r\n\r\nNow many more interesting reds and whites\r\n\r\nCross between continental and Atlantic climate\r\n\r\nDO Txacoli\r\n\r\nThree separate DOs: Alava, Getaria, Vizcaya\r\n\r\nMaking vinho verde style wines from local varieties\r\n\r\nHondarribi Zuri and Hondarribi Beltza\r\n\r\nMost are easy-drinking quaffers, but a few more serious wines being made now\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nValencia and Murcia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge jug wine areas now making very interesting wines\r\n\r\nMurcia:  3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Jumilla\r\n\r\nEnormous DO with growing reputation for quality wines\r\n\r\nRed, quality wines based on Monastrell\r\n\r\nInteresting dessert wines\r\n\r\nDO Bullas\r\n\r\nSmall DO with higher altitude makes some interesting reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Yecla\r\n\r\nMedium DO similar to Jumilla\r\n\r\nValencia: 3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Valencia\r\n\r\nLarge DO making mostly insipid whites, but has potential for reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Utiel Requena\r\n\r\nHuge DO making lots of red jug wine\r\n\r\nVery good wines being made from Bobal\r\n\r\nDO Alicante\r\n\r\nLarge DO traditionally know for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNow making good reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nExtremadura\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge DO (Ribera del Guadiana) making mostly jug wines\r\n\r\nGood potential but little results\r\n\r\nBest results in whites, though reds should be better\r\n\r\nMany grapes varieties:  Tempranillo and Garnacha dominate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBalearics\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTiny production\r\n\r\nMost wine made for local tourist consumption\r\n\r\nCheap and cheerful\r\n\r\nSome quality red wine made but quite pricy\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Callet, Fogoneu, Manto Negro\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCanaries\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMedium production made for tourist industry\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Listran and Malvasia\r\n\r\nWhites much better than reds\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAndalucia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMostly fortified wines, but some interesting table wines being made in Malaga and around Granada\r\n\r\nDO Jerez\r\n\r\nLarge DO of 10,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMakes of fortified white wines of many types\r\n\r\nGrapes:\r\n\r\nPalomino for dry sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNon-vintage wines made in criadera and solera systems\r\n\r\nLike cava and champagne\r\n\r\nTo preserve house style\r\n\r\nFinos and Manzanillas\r\n\r\nMade in reductive style under protective \"flor\"\r\n\r\nDry and fresh\r\n\r\nAmontillado\r\n\r\nAged Fino\r\n\r\nHas oxidative notes plus freshness of Fino\r\n\r\nOloroso:\r\n\r\nSolera without flor\r\n\r\nOxidized style:  nutty, brown\r\n\r\nAll start out dry:  some have PX added for sweetness\r\n\r\nPalo Cortado\r\n\r\nRarest style\r\n\r\nCross between Oloroso and Amontillado\r\n\r\nHas flor for short time\r\n\r\nSweet sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX dried to raisins\r\n\r\nUsed as varietal wines and blenders\r\n\r\nDO Montilla Moriles\r\n\r\nVery similar wines to sherry but using PX as base wine\r\n\r\nWhole range from Fino to sweet stickies\r\n\r\nDO Malaga\r\n\r\nFortified dessert wines from Moscatel and PX\r\n\r\nDO Huelva\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Jerez\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDO Cava\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nA style DO, not geographic\r\n\r\nSparkling wine made in Champenoise style\r\n\r\nMostly white, some rosé\r\n\r\nTop sales in world before champagne\r\n\r\nProduced in 160 municipalities\r\n\r\nCataluña:  90% of cava made here\r\n\r\nOther provinces:  Rioja, Valencia, Extremadura, Aragon\r\n\r\nThree traditional grapes:  Macabeo, Parellada, Xarel.lo\r\n\r\nOther grapes:  Chardonnay, Monastrell, Pinot Noir\r\n\r\nTendency:  use of more French varieties\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Spanish Grape Varieties</strong>\r\n\r\nThere is no doubt that the great red grape, Tempranillo,  is king in Spain....it is by far the most important grape variety in terms of quality wine production and respect.  It sometimes seems people would prefer to drink a bad Tempranillo than order another grape variety! Tempranillo is a wonderful variety and offers a great variety of wines depending on the region and the local variant of the grape.  Though considering by many experts a \"noble\" grape\", some also would perhaps criticize Tempranillo for its lack of a distinct personality that shines trough in any terroir.\r\n\r\nTimes are changing and this is a good thing because Spain has some really interesting indigenous varieties other than Tempranillo. Spain does not have the rich diversity of indigenous varieties that is seen in italy or Portugal.  Many varieties were lost or reduced to non-commercial levels after the phyloxera blight at the end of the 19th century.  Much of the replanting was done with easier varietals and eventually with Tempranillo.  Luckily today there is some interest in reviving some of the local obscure varietals.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile some of the great red varieties to watch out for are:  Garnacha (Grenache), Mencia, Bobal, Monastrell (Mourvedre) etc.\r\n\r\nOutstanding white varieties include: Verdejo, Godello, Albariño, Viura, and Palomino\r\n\r\nYou can also find the all usual international grapes planted in Spain and being made into mediocre to very good wine.\r\n\r\nFor more detail on the major indigenous Spanish varietals see <a href=\"http://planetavino.net/newsite/spanish-grape-varieties/\">here</a>...\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Spain Wine In Brief','','inherit','open','open','','338-revision-18','','','2012-10-21 02:39:06','2012-10-21 02:39:06','',338,'http://planetavino.net/newsite/338-revision-18/',0,'revision','',0),(597,1,'2012-10-21 03:56:46','2012-10-21 03:56:46','Below you\'ll find a brief overview of Spanish wines, including a general introduction, wine law, and grape varieties.  This is the more detailed info for those who are looking for some background.\r\n\r\nI\'ve also created a great practical guide to drinking Spanish wine, the styles, identifying the Spanish wines you like by grape or region, figuring the best values and where you can find them.  To get this useful guide just sign up for my monthly newsletter here.  In my newsletter, I\'ll give you an update on the latest on Spanish wine and food and some top wine picks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>My Top Ten of Spanish wine</strong></h2>\r\n<strong>...or a total simplification of Spanish wine!  ....but useful sometimes...</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ol>\r\n	<li>Super dynamic wine market\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Getting world recognition</li>\r\n	<li>Lots of change in every corner of the country!</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Huge wine producer\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards in the world</li>\r\n	<li>3rd in wine production</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Red wine country\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Some of the top red wines in the world</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Whites wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Attractive, great value…improving rapidly</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>In Spain wines ordered by region, not by grape variety\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>70+ designated wine regions or wine appellations (Denominacion de Origen (DO))</li>\r\n	<li>Most important: Rioja, Ribera del Duero, Priorat</li>\r\n	<li>Many rising stars: Jumilla, Toro, Bierzo, La Mancha etc.</li>\r\n	<li>Aging designations on label: crianza, reserva,  gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Most important grape variety: Tempranillo\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties…but only 20 commercially important today</li>\r\n	<li>More and more international varieties:  Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Chardonnay etc.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spanish people drinking much less but drinking higher quality wine</li>\r\n	<li>Exports very important…40%\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers are:  UK, Germany, U.S.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Tendencies:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Old vines</li>\r\n	<li>Single vineyards/terroir wines</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes and unique indigenous grapes</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Blockbuster wines…High alcohol, super extracted, over-oaked</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Wines to wine points from wine critics (Parker effect), comercial wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less appellation wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less wines in traditional categories such as crianza, reserva and gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Conclusion:  Very high quality, consistency and still excellent prices. Some of the best value wines in the world!</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>A few more details...</strong></h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> Long history of winemaking (3000 years!)</li>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards of any country in the world (15.5%)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Third in world wine production after France and Italy (13%)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Just over 50% of wine production is red\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Around 60% of production is table wine, 40% is quality wine</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>But just 20 of them account for 80% of wine production</li>\r\n	<li>Tempranillo:  most important red grape in terms of quality and quantity</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon on the rise</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Vineyards in all 17 autonomous regions\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>La Mancha: (the greatest surface area of vines in the world)</li>\r\n	<li>Rioja:  most densely planted in Spain</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Classification system for quality wine based on regional wine appellations\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>There are over 70 Denominación de Origen (DO) spread throughout Spain</li>\r\n	<li>DO: wine appellation with strict rules controlling viticulture and wine production</li>\r\n	<li>DO wines often have indication of oak aging:  crianza, reserva, gran reserva</li>\r\n	<li>Other categories of quality wine: DOCA, VCIG, Vino de Pago</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Lesser classifications are now being used for some top wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vino de la Tierra and Vino de Mesa</li>\r\n	<li>Used in areas outside designated DOs</li>\r\n	<li>Also used by some winemakers looking for more flexibility</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Over 40% of Spanish production is exported (increasing)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers in terms of value:  UK, Germany, USA</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain also has amazing cavas, dessert wines, and fortified wines at great values</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>Some opinions (only mine!)</strong></h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Change, change and more change!</strong>\r\n\r\nExciting times as change touches every area of Spain\'s wine industry.  New areas are up and coming and showcasing lesser known varietals, while the better known areas such a Rioja and Ribera del Duero are faced  more competition and forced to produce even better wines.  This healthy competition extends itself to styles: ultra modern, blockbuster styles, traditional styles and more restrained terroir styles must all compete for consumer approval.  Hopefully there is room in the market for the finest examples of all the styles as the diversity only benefits the consumer.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>A red wine country</strong>\r\n\r\nSpain is known for its red wines and makes some of the finest reds in the world.  It also makes tons of great value, easy drinking reds that consistently deliver.  Why so much talk of reds?  Spain\'s climate lends itself towards reds, but there is an equally important cultural reason for the domination of the color red.  For most spaniards wine is <span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">red </span><span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> and only red.  There is a saying in Spain that the best white is a red!  So the focus for a long time was on reds.  This is changing a bit, but most Spaniards have still not been exposed to top notch whites, or even tried a white with some oak aging!</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>...but don\'t overlook the whites!</strong>\r\n\r\nWinemakers are changing Spain\'s whites with exciting new projects and turning out some remarkable wines, both with and without oak, from some very unique terroir sites.  There are many misses of course,  but the standard is improving all the time.  Meanwhile the simple, un-oaked styles of whites that the Spanish enjoy deserve more respect than they get.  they are consistently fresh, easy to drink, and easy on the pocket.  You just have to know the areas and grape varieties that are more reliable.  For me you can\'t beat the region Rueda with its attractive un-oaked Verdejos for some good everyday value quaffing.  Perhaps that\'s why it the basic bar white in most of Spain!   Albariño, the most beloved of whites to the Spanis, can also be lovely, but is not as consistent, and pricier.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Obsessed with Rioja and Ribera?</strong>\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero and Rioja still dominant in internal market\r\n\r\nRibera del Duero: quality reds but pricey\r\n\r\nRioja: a confusing variety of styles\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Spaniards don\'t like wine anymore?</strong>\r\n\r\nWine consumption trends\r\n\r\nSpaniards drinking less wine but better quality\r\n\r\nExport market becoming more and more important\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Some beautiful things</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Some not so beautiful things </strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Love me some Spanish wine!</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTendencies\r\n\r\nTechnology in the vineyard and winery\r\n\r\nSingle-vineyard wines (the idea of terroir)\r\n\r\nTrendy for rich and famous to get into making wine\r\n\r\nMore international styles: wines to please wine critics\r\n\r\nMore regional styles also trendy\r\n\r\nBlockbuster style:  more everything--alcohol, fruit, tannin, oak\r\n\r\nPrices still good but rising quickly\r\n\r\nMore international prestige but still behind France and Italy\r\n\r\nMore marketing needed!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBottom line:\r\n\r\nOutstanding variety and quality at all price ranges…best value wines in Western Europe!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Law\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>EU wine law recognizes two main categories of wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Table wine and quality wine</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain has two levels of table wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vino de mesa:  no region, grapes, or vintage on label</li>\r\n	<li>Vino de la Tierra (VdlT):  equivalent of Vin de Pays in France\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>An officially recognized area but below DO level</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain has four levels of quality wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vinos de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica (VCIG)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>New category: areas must wait five years to ask for DO</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Denominación de Origen (DO).\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Over 65 exist</li>\r\n	<li>Regulated by a consejo regulador with detailed rules</li>\r\n	<li>Guarantees origin not always quality</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Denominción de Origen Calificada (DOCa)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>DO must wait ten years to attain</li>\r\n	<li>Only Rioja and Priorat so far: stricter rules</li>\r\n	<li>In reality does not guarentee more quality</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Vino de Pago:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Single estates of exceptional quality</li>\r\n	<li>Must comply at least with DOCa rules</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Aging requirements: national DO law...some regions set stricter limits\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Terms generally appear on front labels</li>\r\n	<li>All have a back sticker with category</li>\r\n	<li>Joven or vino de cosecha:  no oak aging (generally should be drunk from latest vintage)</li>\r\n	<li>Roble:  Seen some oak (no legal requirements)</li>\r\n	<li>In reality categories are just for reds</li>\r\n	<li>Some wineries are ignorign categories and have \"cosecha\" sticker for wines with oak aging</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<a title=\"Crianza table\" href=\"http://www.planetavino.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/crianza-charts.JPG\"><img src=\"http://www.planetavino.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/crianza-charts.JPG\" alt=\"Crianza table\" /></a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ncut and paste table\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Regions\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDOCa Rioja\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRioja, Basque Country, Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge area known for red and some whites\r\n\r\nThree sub zones\r\n\r\nRioja Alta and Alavesa\r\n\r\nRioja Baja\r\n\r\nMost densely planted area in Spain\r\n\r\nClassic wine region that led the way\r\n\r\nBrought French influence in 19th century\r\n\r\nMost famous Spanish wine region internationally\r\n\r\nDO created in 1925 (1st)\r\n\r\nDOCa since 1991\r\n\r\n65,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMore than 550 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grape: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nAlso: Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano\r\n\r\nExperimental grape: Cabernet Sauvignon\r\n\r\nSomewhat of an identity crisis\r\n\r\nModern vs traditional\r\n\r\nMild climatological conditions\r\n\r\nAtlantic influence\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla Leon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVery important wine region with five important DOs\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\nDO Cigales\r\n\r\nAlso very important production of Vino de la Tierra de Castilla Leon\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO since 1982\r\n\r\nConsidered to produce some of the finest red wines in Spain\r\n\r\nTrendy and fast-growing areas\r\n\r\nPrices can be quite high\r\n\r\n8,000 ha of vineyards and over 178 wineries.\r\n\r\nGrape variety:  Tinto Fino, a variant of Tempranillo\r\n\r\nClimate: Continental with some Med influences\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nSmall wine region (6000ha) with 36 wineries\r\n\r\nWhite wines from Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc\r\n\r\nCreated in 1980 for whites\r\n\r\nSince 2001 open to reds\r\n\r\nThe wines are attractive modern, cold-fermented whites\r\n\r\nThe climate is wind-swept continental\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nGained fame over last ten years\r\n\r\nPowerful red wines\r\n\r\nSome good value wines, but many more expensive now\r\n\r\nSmall DO created in 1987: 34 wineries\r\n\r\nMain varietal: Tinta de Toro (Tempranillo)\r\n\r\nContinental climate\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\n“Gateway to Galicia”: Currently high profile\r\n\r\nSmall red and white producing area\r\n\r\nDO created in 1988: 39 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grapes: Mencía and Godello\r\n\r\nMild climate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCataluña\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region with 12 DOs with many climatic and geographic variations\r\n\r\n1999: a region DO called DO Cataluña\r\n\r\nStrongest on whites but also great reds\r\n\r\nWidespread use of indigenous varieties\r\n\r\nWidespread use of French varieties\r\n\r\n90% of Cava produced here\r\n\r\nKey in spread of modern equipment and techniques\r\n\r\nAll of the DOs are improving dramatically\r\n\r\nDO Penedés\r\n\r\nImportant DO since 1960:  150 wineries\r\n\r\nImportant innovator in wine\r\n\r\nCenter of Cava production\r\n\r\nAlso elegant whites and reds\r\n\r\nDOCa Priorat\r\n\r\nSmall, exclusive DO since 1954: 26 wineries\r\n\r\nVery expensive wines\r\n\r\nFamous for huge, mineral red wines\r\n\r\nUnique soils: licorella\r\n\r\nUse of Garnacha and Cariñena with French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Montsant\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Priorat…less expensive\r\n\r\nDO Terra Alta\r\n\r\nStill rustic at times…similar potential to Priorat\r\n\r\nDO Alella\r\n\r\nTiny coastal DO: mostly known for whites\r\n\r\nDO Apurdán-Costa Brava\r\n\r\nSmall coastal DO known traditionally for rosados\r\n\r\nDO Concá de Barbera\r\n\r\nMedium size interior DO used as source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Costers de Segre\r\n\r\nSmall interior DO used a source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Plá de Bagés\r\n\r\nTiny interior DO known for crisp whites\r\n\r\nDO Tarragona\r\n\r\nLarge coastal/interior DO makes a wide variety of wines\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla La Mancha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region: one of the biggest in the world\r\n\r\n9 DOs:  more being created\r\n\r\nVery hot region producing Mediterranean style red wines\r\n\r\nVery good value and improving quality\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine still!\r\n\r\nVery good Vinos de la Tierra de Castilla\r\n\r\nAlso several Vinos de Pago\r\n\r\nDO La Mancha\r\n\r\nEnormous DO making good quality wine from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nDO Valdepeñas\r\n\r\nVery large DO making traditional wines from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nOther DOs\r\n\r\nDO Almansa, DO Manchela, DO Méntrida, DO Mondéjar, DO Riber del Júcar\r\n\r\nDO Vinos de Madrid\r\n\r\nNot technically La Mancha, but similar situation and similar wines\r\n\r\nImproving...but best wines are expensive\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n9.  Introduction to Spanish Denominations cont\'d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAragon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge region with 4 DOs\r\n\r\nOne is very high quality, the other three improving rapidly\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine made here\r\n\r\nExcellent climate for high quality wine\r\n\r\nDO Somontano\r\n\r\nSmall, but growing DO with excellent quality\r\n\r\nVery good prices\r\n\r\nElegant, varied wines from indigenous and French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Calatayud\r\n\r\nMedium DO still rustic but interesting old-vine Garnacha and cavas\r\n\r\nDO Cariñena\r\n\r\nLarge DO making lots of jug wine and some interesting old-vine Garnacha\r\n\r\nDO Campo de Borja\r\n\r\nMedium DO with lots of Garnacha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGalicia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMild, wet region known for interesting whites with 5 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Rias Baixas\r\n\r\nTop quality, small DO making whites from Albariño\r\n\r\nHumidity, rain, main challenges\r\n\r\nNo bulk wine allowed\r\n\r\nWines can be pricy\r\n\r\nDO Valdeorras\r\n\r\nHigh quality small DO on border with Leon\r\n\r\nEastern, sheltered location gives more full-bodied whites and reds from Godello and Mencía\r\n\r\nDO Monterei\r\n\r\nHot, sheltered, tiny DO makes mostly reds\r\n\r\nDO Ribeiro\r\n\r\nSmall, coastal DO makes light, spritzy, blended whites\r\n\r\nDO Ribera Sacra\r\n\r\nSmall DO making traditional Galician whites\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNavarra and Basque Country\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nOne large DO and 3 tiny ones\r\n\r\nDO Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge DO making some very good wines: 109 wineries\r\n\r\nUse of a lot of indigenous and foreign grapes\r\n\r\nReputation built on rosés\r\n\r\nNow many more interesting reds and whites\r\n\r\nCross between continental and Atlantic climate\r\n\r\nDO Txacoli\r\n\r\nThree separate DOs: Alava, Getaria, Vizcaya\r\n\r\nMaking vinho verde style wines from local varieties\r\n\r\nHondarribi Zuri and Hondarribi Beltza\r\n\r\nMost are easy-drinking quaffers, but a few more serious wines being made now\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nValencia and Murcia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge jug wine areas now making very interesting wines\r\n\r\nMurcia:  3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Jumilla\r\n\r\nEnormous DO with growing reputation for quality wines\r\n\r\nRed, quality wines based on Monastrell\r\n\r\nInteresting dessert wines\r\n\r\nDO Bullas\r\n\r\nSmall DO with higher altitude makes some interesting reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Yecla\r\n\r\nMedium DO similar to Jumilla\r\n\r\nValencia: 3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Valencia\r\n\r\nLarge DO making mostly insipid whites, but has potential for reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Utiel Requena\r\n\r\nHuge DO making lots of red jug wine\r\n\r\nVery good wines being made from Bobal\r\n\r\nDO Alicante\r\n\r\nLarge DO traditionally know for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNow making good reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nExtremadura\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge DO (Ribera del Guadiana) making mostly jug wines\r\n\r\nGood potential but little results\r\n\r\nBest results in whites, though reds should be better\r\n\r\nMany grapes varieties:  Tempranillo and Garnacha dominate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBalearics\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTiny production\r\n\r\nMost wine made for local tourist consumption\r\n\r\nCheap and cheerful\r\n\r\nSome quality red wine made but quite pricy\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Callet, Fogoneu, Manto Negro\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCanaries\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMedium production made for tourist industry\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Listran and Malvasia\r\n\r\nWhites much better than reds\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAndalucia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMostly fortified wines, but some interesting table wines being made in Malaga and around Granada\r\n\r\nDO Jerez\r\n\r\nLarge DO of 10,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMakes of fortified white wines of many types\r\n\r\nGrapes:\r\n\r\nPalomino for dry sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNon-vintage wines made in criadera and solera systems\r\n\r\nLike cava and champagne\r\n\r\nTo preserve house style\r\n\r\nFinos and Manzanillas\r\n\r\nMade in reductive style under protective \"flor\"\r\n\r\nDry and fresh\r\n\r\nAmontillado\r\n\r\nAged Fino\r\n\r\nHas oxidative notes plus freshness of Fino\r\n\r\nOloroso:\r\n\r\nSolera without flor\r\n\r\nOxidized style:  nutty, brown\r\n\r\nAll start out dry:  some have PX added for sweetness\r\n\r\nPalo Cortado\r\n\r\nRarest style\r\n\r\nCross between Oloroso and Amontillado\r\n\r\nHas flor for short time\r\n\r\nSweet sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX dried to raisins\r\n\r\nUsed as varietal wines and blenders\r\n\r\nDO Montilla Moriles\r\n\r\nVery similar wines to sherry but using PX as base wine\r\n\r\nWhole range from Fino to sweet stickies\r\n\r\nDO Malaga\r\n\r\nFortified dessert wines from Moscatel and PX\r\n\r\nDO Huelva\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Jerez\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDO Cava\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nA style DO, not geographic\r\n\r\nSparkling wine made in Champenoise style\r\n\r\nMostly white, some rosé\r\n\r\nTop sales in world before champagne\r\n\r\nProduced in 160 municipalities\r\n\r\nCataluña:  90% of cava made here\r\n\r\nOther provinces:  Rioja, Valencia, Extremadura, Aragon\r\n\r\nThree traditional grapes:  Macabeo, Parellada, Xarel.lo\r\n\r\nOther grapes:  Chardonnay, Monastrell, Pinot Noir\r\n\r\nTendency:  use of more French varieties\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Spanish Grape Varieties</strong>\r\n\r\nThere is no doubt that the great red grape, Tempranillo,  is king in Spain....it is by far the most important grape variety in terms of quality wine production and respect.  It sometimes seems people would prefer to drink a bad Tempranillo than order another grape variety! Tempranillo is a wonderful variety and offers a great variety of wines depending on the region and the local variant of the grape.  Though considering by many experts a \"noble\" grape\", some also would perhaps criticize Tempranillo for its lack of a distinct personality that shines trough in any terroir.\r\n\r\nTimes are changing and this is a good thing because Spain has some really interesting indigenous varieties other than Tempranillo. Spain does not have the rich diversity of indigenous varieties that is seen in italy or Portugal.  Many varieties were lost or reduced to non-commercial levels after the phyloxera blight at the end of the 19th century.  Much of the replanting was done with easier varietals and eventually with Tempranillo.  Luckily today there is some interest in reviving some of the local obscure varietals.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile some of the great red varieties to watch out for are:  Garnacha (Grenache), Mencia, Bobal, Monastrell (Mourvedre) etc.\r\n\r\nOutstanding white varieties include: Verdejo, Godello, Albariño, Viura, and Palomino\r\n\r\nYou can also find the all usual international grapes planted in Spain and being made into mediocre to very good wine.\r\n\r\nFor more detail on the major indigenous Spanish varietals see <a href=\"http://planetavino.net/newsite/spanish-grape-varieties/\">here</a>...\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Spain Wine In Brief','','inherit','open','open','','338-revision-19','','','2012-10-21 03:56:46','2012-10-21 03:56:46','',338,'http://planetavino.net/newsite/338-revision-19/',0,'revision','',0),(598,1,'2012-10-21 05:08:21','2012-10-21 05:08:21','Below you\'ll find a brief overview of Spanish wines, including a general introduction, wine law, and grape varieties.  This is the more detailed info for those who are looking for some background.\r\n\r\nI\'ve also created a great practical guide to drinking Spanish wine, the styles, identifying the Spanish wines you like by grape or region, figuring the best values and where you can find them.  To get this useful guide just sign up for my monthly newsletter here.  In my newsletter, I\'ll give you an update on the latest on Spanish wine and food and some top wine picks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>My Top Ten of Spanish wine</strong></h2>\r\n<strong>...or a total simplification of Spanish wine!  ....but useful sometimes...</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ol>\r\n	<li>Super dynamic wine market\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Getting world recognition</li>\r\n	<li>Lots of change in every corner of the country!</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Huge wine producer\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards in the world</li>\r\n	<li>3rd in wine production</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Red wine country\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Some of the top red wines in the world</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Whites wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Attractive, great value…improving rapidly</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>In Spain wines ordered by region, not by grape variety\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>70+ designated wine regions or wine appellations (Denominacion de Origen (DO))</li>\r\n	<li>Most important: Rioja, Ribera del Duero, Priorat</li>\r\n	<li>Many rising stars: Jumilla, Toro, Bierzo, La Mancha etc.</li>\r\n	<li>Aging designations on label: crianza, reserva,  gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Most important grape variety: Tempranillo\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties…but only 20 commercially important today</li>\r\n	<li>More and more international varieties:  Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Chardonnay etc.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spanish people drinking much less but drinking higher quality wine</li>\r\n	<li>Exports very important…40%\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers are:  UK, Germany, U.S.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Tendencies:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Old vines</li>\r\n	<li>Single vineyards/terroir wines</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes and unique indigenous grapes</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Blockbuster wines…High alcohol, super extracted, over-oaked</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Wines to wine points from wine critics (Parker effect), comercial wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less appellation wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less wines in traditional categories such as crianza, reserva and gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Conclusion:  Very high quality, consistency and still excellent prices. Some of the best value wines in the world!</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>A few more details...</strong></h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> Long history of winemaking (3000 years!)</li>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards of any country in the world (15.5%)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Third in world wine production after France and Italy (13%)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Just over 50% of wine production is red\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Around 60% of production is table wine, 40% is quality wine</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>But just 20 of them account for 80% of wine production</li>\r\n	<li>Tempranillo:  most important red grape in terms of quality and quantity</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon on the rise</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Vineyards in all 17 autonomous regions\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>La Mancha: (the greatest surface area of vines in the world)</li>\r\n	<li>Rioja:  most densely planted in Spain</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Classification system for quality wine based on regional wine appellations\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>There are over 70 Denominación de Origen (DO) spread throughout Spain</li>\r\n	<li>DO: wine appellation with strict rules controlling viticulture and wine production</li>\r\n	<li>DO wines often have indication of oak aging:  crianza, reserva, gran reserva</li>\r\n	<li>Other categories of quality wine: DOCA, VCIG, Vino de Pago</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Lesser classifications are now being used for some top wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vino de la Tierra and Vino de Mesa</li>\r\n	<li>Used in areas outside designated DOs</li>\r\n	<li>Also used by some winemakers looking for more flexibility</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Over 40% of Spanish production is exported (increasing)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers in terms of value:  UK, Germany, USA</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain also has amazing cavas, dessert wines, and fortified wines at great values</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>Some opinions (only mine!)</strong></h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Change, change and more change!</strong>\r\n\r\nExciting times as change touches every area of Spain\'s wine industry.  New areas are up and coming and showcasing lesser known varietals, while the better known areas such a Rioja and Ribera del Duero are faced  more competition and forced to produce even better wines.  This healthy competition extends itself to styles: ultra modern, blockbuster styles, traditional styles and more restrained terroir styles must all compete for consumer approval.  Hopefully there is room in the market for the finest examples of all the styles as the diversity only benefits the consumer.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>A red wine country</strong>\r\n\r\nSpain is known for its red wines and makes some of the finest reds in the world.  It also makes tons of great value, easy drinking reds that consistently deliver.  Why so much talk of reds?  Spain\'s climate lends itself towards reds, but there is an equally important cultural reason for the domination of the color red.  For most spaniards wine is <span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">red </span><span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> and only red.  There is a saying in Spain that the best white is a red!  So the focus for a long time was on reds.  This is changing a bit, but most Spaniards have still not been exposed to top notch whites, or even tried a white with some oak aging!</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>...but don\'t overlook the whites!</strong>\r\n\r\nWinemakers are changing Spain\'s whites with exciting new projects and turning out some remarkable wines, both with and without oak, from some very unique terroir sites.  There are many misses of course,  but the standard is improving all the time.  Meanwhile the simple, un-oaked styles of whites that the Spanish enjoy deserve more respect than they get.  they are consistently fresh, easy to drink, and easy on the pocket.  You just have to know the areas and grape varieties that are more reliable.  For me you can\'t beat the region Rueda with its attractive un-oaked Verdejos for some good everyday value quaffing.  Perhaps that\'s why it the basic bar white in most of Spain!   Albariño, the most beloved of whites to the Spanis, can also be lovely, but is not as consistent, and pricier.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Obsessed with Rioja and Ribera?</strong>\r\n\r\nRioja still makes up over 50% of the fine wine market and remains the go-to wine for most Spaniards.  I like to call it \"Riojitis\"...which sounds better in Spanish!   Unfortunately a lot of the basic Rioja served at many bars and restaurants in Spain is pretty awful stuff.  So many faces still light up at the word Rioja...even the bad stuff....\r\n\r\nThere are regional variations, but in Madrid, Ribera de Duero has become the more fashionable alternative to Rioja.  Madrid palates have taken to the more robust and oaky wines from the region just to the north.  These wines are generally much more expensive than many Riojas and have become somewhat of a status symbol in the capital as well.  Ribera del Duero reds can be excellent when not suffering from excessive oak but they are often excessively priced as well.    There are less expensive ones of course but it\'s harder to find a tasty good value Ribera....Rioja is easier in that regard.\r\n\r\nI often find it a shame that there is not a better offering of other regions on wine lists in many parts of Spain, except in wine bars or specialized restaurants.  There are so many excellent wines from regions that offer much better value...and there is something to be said for variety.  In Madrid you are often left with two choices:  Ribera or Rioja!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Spaniards don\'t like wine anymore?</strong>\r\n\r\nA worrisome trend to the wine industry is that continue a decades long trend to drinking less wine. Many factors have affected this decline.   Wine has been replaced by other drinks at Spanish meals and when drunk is often reserved for longer family meals on the weekend.  Stricter drunk driving laws has had a great impact on wine consumption in bars and restaurants.  While wine aficionados have multiplied, many segments of society, especially young people have lost touch with wine as part of Spanish culture.  All of these tendecies are difficult ones to address.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile Spanish wine exports have been growing and thriving, reaching over 40% of appellation level wines.  It\'s become a critical market for wineries as the domestic market shrinks.  Despite Tough economic times, overall Spanish wine exports have continued to outperform their neighbors.\r\n\r\nExport market becoming more and more important\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Some beautiful things</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Some not so beautiful things </strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Love me some Spanish wine!</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTendencies\r\n\r\nTechnology in the vineyard and winery\r\n\r\nSingle-vineyard wines (the idea of terroir)\r\n\r\nTrendy for rich and famous to get into making wine\r\n\r\nMore international styles: wines to please wine critics\r\n\r\nMore regional styles also trendy\r\n\r\nBlockbuster style:  more everything--alcohol, fruit, tannin, oak\r\n\r\nPrices still good but rising quickly\r\n\r\nMore international prestige but still behind France and Italy\r\n\r\nMore marketing needed!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBottom line:\r\n\r\nOutstanding variety and quality at all price ranges…best value wines in Western Europe!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Law\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>EU wine law recognizes two main categories of wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Table wine and quality wine</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain has two levels of table wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vino de mesa:  no region, grapes, or vintage on label</li>\r\n	<li>Vino de la Tierra (VdlT):  equivalent of Vin de Pays in France\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>An officially recognized area but below DO level</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain has four levels of quality wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vinos de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica (VCIG)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>New category: areas must wait five years to ask for DO</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Denominación de Origen (DO).\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Over 65 exist</li>\r\n	<li>Regulated by a consejo regulador with detailed rules</li>\r\n	<li>Guarantees origin not always quality</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Denominción de Origen Calificada (DOCa)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>DO must wait ten years to attain</li>\r\n	<li>Only Rioja and Priorat so far: stricter rules</li>\r\n	<li>In reality does not guarentee more quality</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Vino de Pago:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Single estates of exceptional quality</li>\r\n	<li>Must comply at least with DOCa rules</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Aging requirements: national DO law...some regions set stricter limits\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Terms generally appear on front labels</li>\r\n	<li>All have a back sticker with category</li>\r\n	<li>Joven or vino de cosecha:  no oak aging (generally should be drunk from latest vintage)</li>\r\n	<li>Roble:  Seen some oak (no legal requirements)</li>\r\n	<li>In reality categories are just for reds</li>\r\n	<li>Some wineries are ignorign categories and have \"cosecha\" sticker for wines with oak aging</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<a title=\"Crianza table\" href=\"http://www.planetavino.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/crianza-charts.JPG\"><img src=\"http://www.planetavino.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/crianza-charts.JPG\" alt=\"Crianza table\" /></a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ncut and paste table\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Regions\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDOCa Rioja\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRioja, Basque Country, Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge area known for red and some whites\r\n\r\nThree sub zones\r\n\r\nRioja Alta and Alavesa\r\n\r\nRioja Baja\r\n\r\nMost densely planted area in Spain\r\n\r\nClassic wine region that led the way\r\n\r\nBrought French influence in 19th century\r\n\r\nMost famous Spanish wine region internationally\r\n\r\nDO created in 1925 (1st)\r\n\r\nDOCa since 1991\r\n\r\n65,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMore than 550 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grape: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nAlso: Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano\r\n\r\nExperimental grape: Cabernet Sauvignon\r\n\r\nSomewhat of an identity crisis\r\n\r\nModern vs traditional\r\n\r\nMild climatological conditions\r\n\r\nAtlantic influence\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla Leon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVery important wine region with five important DOs\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\nDO Cigales\r\n\r\nAlso very important production of Vino de la Tierra de Castilla Leon\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO since 1982\r\n\r\nConsidered to produce some of the finest red wines in Spain\r\n\r\nTrendy and fast-growing areas\r\n\r\nPrices can be quite high\r\n\r\n8,000 ha of vineyards and over 178 wineries.\r\n\r\nGrape variety:  Tinto Fino, a variant of Tempranillo\r\n\r\nClimate: Continental with some Med influences\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nSmall wine region (6000ha) with 36 wineries\r\n\r\nWhite wines from Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc\r\n\r\nCreated in 1980 for whites\r\n\r\nSince 2001 open to reds\r\n\r\nThe wines are attractive modern, cold-fermented whites\r\n\r\nThe climate is wind-swept continental\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nGained fame over last ten years\r\n\r\nPowerful red wines\r\n\r\nSome good value wines, but many more expensive now\r\n\r\nSmall DO created in 1987: 34 wineries\r\n\r\nMain varietal: Tinta de Toro (Tempranillo)\r\n\r\nContinental climate\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\n“Gateway to Galicia”: Currently high profile\r\n\r\nSmall red and white producing area\r\n\r\nDO created in 1988: 39 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grapes: Mencía and Godello\r\n\r\nMild climate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCataluña\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region with 12 DOs with many climatic and geographic variations\r\n\r\n1999: a region DO called DO Cataluña\r\n\r\nStrongest on whites but also great reds\r\n\r\nWidespread use of indigenous varieties\r\n\r\nWidespread use of French varieties\r\n\r\n90% of Cava produced here\r\n\r\nKey in spread of modern equipment and techniques\r\n\r\nAll of the DOs are improving dramatically\r\n\r\nDO Penedés\r\n\r\nImportant DO since 1960:  150 wineries\r\n\r\nImportant innovator in wine\r\n\r\nCenter of Cava production\r\n\r\nAlso elegant whites and reds\r\n\r\nDOCa Priorat\r\n\r\nSmall, exclusive DO since 1954: 26 wineries\r\n\r\nVery expensive wines\r\n\r\nFamous for huge, mineral red wines\r\n\r\nUnique soils: licorella\r\n\r\nUse of Garnacha and Cariñena with French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Montsant\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Priorat…less expensive\r\n\r\nDO Terra Alta\r\n\r\nStill rustic at times…similar potential to Priorat\r\n\r\nDO Alella\r\n\r\nTiny coastal DO: mostly known for whites\r\n\r\nDO Apurdán-Costa Brava\r\n\r\nSmall coastal DO known traditionally for rosados\r\n\r\nDO Concá de Barbera\r\n\r\nMedium size interior DO used as source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Costers de Segre\r\n\r\nSmall interior DO used a source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Plá de Bagés\r\n\r\nTiny interior DO known for crisp whites\r\n\r\nDO Tarragona\r\n\r\nLarge coastal/interior DO makes a wide variety of wines\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla La Mancha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region: one of the biggest in the world\r\n\r\n9 DOs:  more being created\r\n\r\nVery hot region producing Mediterranean style red wines\r\n\r\nVery good value and improving quality\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine still!\r\n\r\nVery good Vinos de la Tierra de Castilla\r\n\r\nAlso several Vinos de Pago\r\n\r\nDO La Mancha\r\n\r\nEnormous DO making good quality wine from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nDO Valdepeñas\r\n\r\nVery large DO making traditional wines from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nOther DOs\r\n\r\nDO Almansa, DO Manchela, DO Méntrida, DO Mondéjar, DO Riber del Júcar\r\n\r\nDO Vinos de Madrid\r\n\r\nNot technically La Mancha, but similar situation and similar wines\r\n\r\nImproving...but best wines are expensive\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n9.  Introduction to Spanish Denominations cont\'d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAragon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge region with 4 DOs\r\n\r\nOne is very high quality, the other three improving rapidly\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine made here\r\n\r\nExcellent climate for high quality wine\r\n\r\nDO Somontano\r\n\r\nSmall, but growing DO with excellent quality\r\n\r\nVery good prices\r\n\r\nElegant, varied wines from indigenous and French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Calatayud\r\n\r\nMedium DO still rustic but interesting old-vine Garnacha and cavas\r\n\r\nDO Cariñena\r\n\r\nLarge DO making lots of jug wine and some interesting old-vine Garnacha\r\n\r\nDO Campo de Borja\r\n\r\nMedium DO with lots of Garnacha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGalicia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMild, wet region known for interesting whites with 5 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Rias Baixas\r\n\r\nTop quality, small DO making whites from Albariño\r\n\r\nHumidity, rain, main challenges\r\n\r\nNo bulk wine allowed\r\n\r\nWines can be pricy\r\n\r\nDO Valdeorras\r\n\r\nHigh quality small DO on border with Leon\r\n\r\nEastern, sheltered location gives more full-bodied whites and reds from Godello and Mencía\r\n\r\nDO Monterei\r\n\r\nHot, sheltered, tiny DO makes mostly reds\r\n\r\nDO Ribeiro\r\n\r\nSmall, coastal DO makes light, spritzy, blended whites\r\n\r\nDO Ribera Sacra\r\n\r\nSmall DO making traditional Galician whites\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNavarra and Basque Country\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nOne large DO and 3 tiny ones\r\n\r\nDO Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge DO making some very good wines: 109 wineries\r\n\r\nUse of a lot of indigenous and foreign grapes\r\n\r\nReputation built on rosés\r\n\r\nNow many more interesting reds and whites\r\n\r\nCross between continental and Atlantic climate\r\n\r\nDO Txacoli\r\n\r\nThree separate DOs: Alava, Getaria, Vizcaya\r\n\r\nMaking vinho verde style wines from local varieties\r\n\r\nHondarribi Zuri and Hondarribi Beltza\r\n\r\nMost are easy-drinking quaffers, but a few more serious wines being made now\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nValencia and Murcia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge jug wine areas now making very interesting wines\r\n\r\nMurcia:  3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Jumilla\r\n\r\nEnormous DO with growing reputation for quality wines\r\n\r\nRed, quality wines based on Monastrell\r\n\r\nInteresting dessert wines\r\n\r\nDO Bullas\r\n\r\nSmall DO with higher altitude makes some interesting reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Yecla\r\n\r\nMedium DO similar to Jumilla\r\n\r\nValencia: 3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Valencia\r\n\r\nLarge DO making mostly insipid whites, but has potential for reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Utiel Requena\r\n\r\nHuge DO making lots of red jug wine\r\n\r\nVery good wines being made from Bobal\r\n\r\nDO Alicante\r\n\r\nLarge DO traditionally know for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNow making good reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nExtremadura\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge DO (Ribera del Guadiana) making mostly jug wines\r\n\r\nGood potential but little results\r\n\r\nBest results in whites, though reds should be better\r\n\r\nMany grapes varieties:  Tempranillo and Garnacha dominate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBalearics\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTiny production\r\n\r\nMost wine made for local tourist consumption\r\n\r\nCheap and cheerful\r\n\r\nSome quality red wine made but quite pricy\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Callet, Fogoneu, Manto Negro\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCanaries\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMedium production made for tourist industry\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Listran and Malvasia\r\n\r\nWhites much better than reds\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAndalucia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMostly fortified wines, but some interesting table wines being made in Malaga and around Granada\r\n\r\nDO Jerez\r\n\r\nLarge DO of 10,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMakes of fortified white wines of many types\r\n\r\nGrapes:\r\n\r\nPalomino for dry sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNon-vintage wines made in criadera and solera systems\r\n\r\nLike cava and champagne\r\n\r\nTo preserve house style\r\n\r\nFinos and Manzanillas\r\n\r\nMade in reductive style under protective \"flor\"\r\n\r\nDry and fresh\r\n\r\nAmontillado\r\n\r\nAged Fino\r\n\r\nHas oxidative notes plus freshness of Fino\r\n\r\nOloroso:\r\n\r\nSolera without flor\r\n\r\nOxidized style:  nutty, brown\r\n\r\nAll start out dry:  some have PX added for sweetness\r\n\r\nPalo Cortado\r\n\r\nRarest style\r\n\r\nCross between Oloroso and Amontillado\r\n\r\nHas flor for short time\r\n\r\nSweet sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX dried to raisins\r\n\r\nUsed as varietal wines and blenders\r\n\r\nDO Montilla Moriles\r\n\r\nVery similar wines to sherry but using PX as base wine\r\n\r\nWhole range from Fino to sweet stickies\r\n\r\nDO Malaga\r\n\r\nFortified dessert wines from Moscatel and PX\r\n\r\nDO Huelva\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Jerez\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDO Cava\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nA style DO, not geographic\r\n\r\nSparkling wine made in Champenoise style\r\n\r\nMostly white, some rosé\r\n\r\nTop sales in world before champagne\r\n\r\nProduced in 160 municipalities\r\n\r\nCataluña:  90% of cava made here\r\n\r\nOther provinces:  Rioja, Valencia, Extremadura, Aragon\r\n\r\nThree traditional grapes:  Macabeo, Parellada, Xarel.lo\r\n\r\nOther grapes:  Chardonnay, Monastrell, Pinot Noir\r\n\r\nTendency:  use of more French varieties\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Spanish Grape Varieties</strong>\r\n\r\nThere is no doubt that the great red grape, Tempranillo,  is king in Spain....it is by far the most important grape variety in terms of quality wine production and respect.  It sometimes seems people would prefer to drink a bad Tempranillo than order another grape variety! Tempranillo is a wonderful variety and offers a great variety of wines depending on the region and the local variant of the grape.  Though considering by many experts a \"noble\" grape\", some also would perhaps criticize Tempranillo for its lack of a distinct personality that shines trough in any terroir.\r\n\r\nTimes are changing and this is a good thing because Spain has some really interesting indigenous varieties other than Tempranillo. Spain does not have the rich diversity of indigenous varieties that is seen in italy or Portugal.  Many varieties were lost or reduced to non-commercial levels after the phyloxera blight at the end of the 19th century.  Much of the replanting was done with easier varietals and eventually with Tempranillo.  Luckily today there is some interest in reviving some of the local obscure varietals.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile some of the great red varieties to watch out for are:  Garnacha (Grenache), Mencia, Bobal, Monastrell (Mourvedre) etc.\r\n\r\nOutstanding white varieties include: Verdejo, Godello, Albariño, Viura, and Palomino\r\n\r\nYou can also find the all usual international grapes planted in Spain and being made into mediocre to very good wine.\r\n\r\nFor more detail on the major indigenous Spanish varietals see <a href=\"http://planetavino.net/newsite/spanish-grape-varieties/\">here</a>...\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Spain Wine In Brief','','inherit','open','open','','338-revision-20','','','2012-10-21 05:08:21','2012-10-21 05:08:21','',338,'http://planetavino.net/newsite/338-revision-20/',0,'revision','',0),(599,1,'2012-10-21 05:27:46','2012-10-21 05:27:46','Below you\'ll find a brief overview of Spanish wines, including a general introduction, wine law, and grape varieties.  This is the more detailed info for those who are looking for some background.\r\n\r\nI\'ve also created a great practical guide to drinking Spanish wine, the styles, identifying the Spanish wines you like by grape or region, figuring the best values and where you can find them.  To get this useful guide just sign up for my monthly newsletter here.  In my newsletter, I\'ll give you an update on the latest on Spanish wine and food and some top wine picks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>My Top Ten of Spanish wine</strong></h2>\r\n<strong>...or a total simplification of Spanish wine!  ....but useful sometimes...</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ol>\r\n	<li>Super dynamic wine market\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Getting world recognition</li>\r\n	<li>Lots of change in every corner of the country!</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Huge wine producer\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards in the world</li>\r\n	<li>3rd in wine production</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Red wine country\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Some of the top red wines in the world</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Whites wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Attractive, great value…improving rapidly</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>In Spain wines ordered by region, not by grape variety\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>70+ designated wine regions or wine appellations (Denominacion de Origen (DO))</li>\r\n	<li>Most important: Rioja, Ribera del Duero, Priorat</li>\r\n	<li>Many rising stars: Jumilla, Toro, Bierzo, La Mancha etc.</li>\r\n	<li>Aging designations on label: crianza, reserva,  gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Most important grape variety: Tempranillo\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties…but only 20 commercially important today</li>\r\n	<li>More and more international varieties:  Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Chardonnay etc.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spanish people drinking much less but drinking higher quality wine</li>\r\n	<li>Exports very important…40%\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers are:  UK, Germany, U.S.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Tendencies:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Old vines</li>\r\n	<li>Single vineyards/terroir wines</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes and unique indigenous grapes</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Blockbuster wines…High alcohol, super extracted, over-oaked</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Wines to wine points from wine critics (Parker effect), comercial wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less appellation wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less wines in traditional categories such as crianza, reserva and gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Conclusion:  Very high quality, consistency and still excellent prices. Some of the best value wines in the world!</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>A few more details...</strong></h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> Long history of winemaking (3000 years!)</li>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards of any country in the world (15.5%)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Third in world wine production after France and Italy (13%)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Just over 50% of wine production is red\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Around 60% of production is table wine, 40% is quality wine</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>But just 20 of them account for 80% of wine production</li>\r\n	<li>Tempranillo:  most important red grape in terms of quality and quantity</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon on the rise</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Vineyards in all 17 autonomous regions\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>La Mancha: (the greatest surface area of vines in the world)</li>\r\n	<li>Rioja:  most densely planted in Spain</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Classification system for quality wine based on regional wine appellations\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>There are over 70 Denominación de Origen (DO) spread throughout Spain</li>\r\n	<li>DO: wine appellation with strict rules controlling viticulture and wine production</li>\r\n	<li>DO wines often have indication of oak aging:  crianza, reserva, gran reserva</li>\r\n	<li>Other categories of quality wine: DOCA, VCIG, Vino de Pago</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Lesser classifications are now being used for some top wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vino de la Tierra and Vino de Mesa</li>\r\n	<li>Used in areas outside designated DOs</li>\r\n	<li>Also used by some winemakers looking for more flexibility</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Over 40% of Spanish production is exported (increasing)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers in terms of value:  UK, Germany, USA</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain also has amazing cavas, dessert wines, and fortified wines at great values</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>Some opinions (only mine!)</strong></h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Change, change and more change!</strong>\r\n\r\nExciting times as change touches every area of Spain\'s wine industry.  New areas are up and coming and showcasing lesser known varietals, while the better known areas such a Rioja and Ribera del Duero are faced  more competition and forced to produce even better wines.  This healthy competition extends itself to styles: ultra modern, blockbuster styles, traditional styles and more restrained terroir styles must all compete for consumer approval.  Hopefully there is room in the market for the finest examples of all the styles as the diversity only benefits the consumer.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>A red wine country</strong>\r\n\r\nSpain is known for its red wines and makes some of the finest reds in the world.  It also makes tons of great value, easy drinking reds that consistently deliver.  Why so much talk of reds?  Spain\'s climate lends itself towards reds, but there is an equally important cultural reason for the domination of the color red.  For most spaniards wine is <span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">red </span><span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> and only red.  There is a saying in Spain that the best white is a red!  So the focus for a long time was on reds.  This is changing a bit, but most Spaniards have still not been exposed to top notch whites, or even tried a white with some oak aging!</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>...but don\'t overlook the whites!</strong>\r\n\r\nWinemakers are changing Spain\'s whites with exciting new projects and turning out some remarkable wines, both with and without oak, from some very unique terroir sites.  There are many misses of course,  but the standard is improving all the time.  Meanwhile the simple, un-oaked styles of whites that the Spanish enjoy deserve more respect than they get.  they are consistently fresh, easy to drink, and easy on the pocket.  You just have to know the areas and grape varieties that are more reliable.  For me you can\'t beat the region Rueda with its attractive un-oaked Verdejos for some good everyday value quaffing.  Perhaps that\'s why it the basic bar white in most of Spain!   Albariño, the most beloved of whites to the Spanis, can also be lovely, but is not as consistent, and pricier.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Obsessed with Rioja and Ribera?</strong>\r\n\r\nRioja still makes up over 50% of the fine wine market and remains the go-to wine for most Spaniards.  I like to call it \"Riojitis\"...which sounds better in Spanish!   Unfortunately a lot of the basic Rioja served at many bars and restaurants in Spain is pretty awful stuff.  So many faces still light up at the word Rioja...even the bad stuff....\r\n\r\nThere are regional variations, but in Madrid, Ribera de Duero has become the more fashionable alternative to Rioja.  Madrid palates have taken to the more robust and oaky wines from the region just to the north.  These wines are generally much more expensive than many Riojas and have become somewhat of a status symbol in the capital as well.  Ribera del Duero reds can be excellent when not suffering from excessive oak but they are often excessively priced as well.    There are less expensive ones of course but it\'s harder to find a tasty good value Ribera....Rioja is easier in that regard.\r\n\r\nI often find it a shame that there is not a better offering of other regions on wine lists in many parts of Spain, except in wine bars or specialized restaurants.  There are so many excellent wines from regions that offer much better value...and there is something to be said for variety.  In Madrid you are often left with two choices:  Ribera or Rioja!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Spaniards don\'t like wine anymore?</strong>\r\n\r\nA worrisome trend to the wine industry is that continue a decades long trend to drinking less wine. Many factors have affected this decline.   Wine has been replaced by other drinks at Spanish meals and when drunk is often reserved for longer family meals on the weekend.  Stricter drunk driving laws has had a great impact on wine consumption in bars and restaurants.  While wine aficionados have multiplied, many segments of society, especially young people have lost touch with wine as part of Spanish culture.  All of these tendecies are difficult ones to address.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile Spanish wine exports have been growing and thriving, reaching over 40% of appellation level wines.  It\'s become a critical market for wineries as the domestic market shrinks.  Despite tough economic times, overall Spanish wine exports have continued to outperform their neighbors.  Spanish wineries need to continue to find effective ways to compete in an increasingly competitive world market.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Some beautiful things</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> The old, old vines:  what a wonderful wealth of lovely old bush vines that abound....a goldmine!  Though blends used to be the norm, winemakers are now highlighting hese special parcels.  Some extraordinary wines come from these vineyards, including some of my favorite Grenaches</li>\r\n	<li>Great grapes:  love that Mencia, that Garnacha, that Godello! But so many more,:  Prieto Picudo, Callet, Bobal, Cariñena etc.etc. Also some fun stuff with the international varieties</li>\r\n	<li>The leaner terroir wine appearing of late:  though I love and appreciate some of those intense fruit bombs, I have an abiding love for a different more austere type of intensity....and we\'re seeing it more and more with interesting projects all over Spain</li>\r\n	<li>Beautiful, cheap wines in Spanish restaurants and bars:  though I amy complain about the selection...you can\'t beat the prices!  Now that I live in theStates....i appreciate them all the more!</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>Some not so beautiful things </strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Still way too many over-oaked wines</li>\r\n	<li>More marketing needed:  Spanish wines still need more exposure.  The government-run organization Wines from Spain tries.....</li>\r\n	<li>New obsession with points by critics...it arrived late in Spain but was inevitable!</li>\r\n	<li>Better enotourism experiences in many areas....don\'t want to lose the authenticity, but a little more thoughtfulness and practicality needed</li>\r\n	<li>Not enough recognition for Spanish wines:  the wines deserve more</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>Love me some Spanish wine!</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTendencies\r\n\r\nTechnology in the vineyard and winery\r\n\r\nSingle-vineyard wines (the idea of terroir)\r\n\r\nTrendy for rich and famous to get into making wine\r\n\r\nMore international styles: wines to please wine critics\r\n\r\nMore regional styles also trendy\r\n\r\nBlockbuster style:  more everything--alcohol, fruit, tannin, oak\r\n\r\nPrices still good but rising quickly\r\n\r\nMore international prestige but still behind France and Italy\r\n\r\nMore marketing needed!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBottom line:\r\n\r\nOutstanding variety and quality at all price ranges…best value wines in Western Europe!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Law\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>EU wine law recognizes two main categories of wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Table wine and quality wine</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain has two levels of table wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vino de mesa:  no region, grapes, or vintage on label</li>\r\n	<li>Vino de la Tierra (VdlT):  equivalent of Vin de Pays in France\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>An officially recognized area but below DO level</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain has four levels of quality wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vinos de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica (VCIG)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>New category: areas must wait five years to ask for DO</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Denominación de Origen (DO).\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Over 65 exist</li>\r\n	<li>Regulated by a consejo regulador with detailed rules</li>\r\n	<li>Guarantees origin not always quality</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Denominción de Origen Calificada (DOCa)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>DO must wait ten years to attain</li>\r\n	<li>Only Rioja and Priorat so far: stricter rules</li>\r\n	<li>In reality does not guarentee more quality</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Vino de Pago:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Single estates of exceptional quality</li>\r\n	<li>Must comply at least with DOCa rules</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Aging requirements: national DO law...some regions set stricter limits\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Terms generally appear on front labels</li>\r\n	<li>All have a back sticker with category</li>\r\n	<li>Joven or vino de cosecha:  no oak aging (generally should be drunk from latest vintage)</li>\r\n	<li>Roble:  Seen some oak (no legal requirements)</li>\r\n	<li>In reality categories are just for reds</li>\r\n	<li>Some wineries are ignorign categories and have \"cosecha\" sticker for wines with oak aging</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<a title=\"Crianza table\" href=\"http://www.planetavino.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/crianza-charts.JPG\"><img src=\"http://www.planetavino.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/crianza-charts.JPG\" alt=\"Crianza table\" /></a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ncut and paste table\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Regions\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDOCa Rioja\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRioja, Basque Country, Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge area known for red and some whites\r\n\r\nThree sub zones\r\n\r\nRioja Alta and Alavesa\r\n\r\nRioja Baja\r\n\r\nMost densely planted area in Spain\r\n\r\nClassic wine region that led the way\r\n\r\nBrought French influence in 19th century\r\n\r\nMost famous Spanish wine region internationally\r\n\r\nDO created in 1925 (1st)\r\n\r\nDOCa since 1991\r\n\r\n65,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMore than 550 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grape: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nAlso: Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano\r\n\r\nExperimental grape: Cabernet Sauvignon\r\n\r\nSomewhat of an identity crisis\r\n\r\nModern vs traditional\r\n\r\nMild climatological conditions\r\n\r\nAtlantic influence\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla Leon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVery important wine region with five important DOs\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\nDO Cigales\r\n\r\nAlso very important production of Vino de la Tierra de Castilla Leon\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO since 1982\r\n\r\nConsidered to produce some of the finest red wines in Spain\r\n\r\nTrendy and fast-growing areas\r\n\r\nPrices can be quite high\r\n\r\n8,000 ha of vineyards and over 178 wineries.\r\n\r\nGrape variety:  Tinto Fino, a variant of Tempranillo\r\n\r\nClimate: Continental with some Med influences\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nSmall wine region (6000ha) with 36 wineries\r\n\r\nWhite wines from Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc\r\n\r\nCreated in 1980 for whites\r\n\r\nSince 2001 open to reds\r\n\r\nThe wines are attractive modern, cold-fermented whites\r\n\r\nThe climate is wind-swept continental\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nGained fame over last ten years\r\n\r\nPowerful red wines\r\n\r\nSome good value wines, but many more expensive now\r\n\r\nSmall DO created in 1987: 34 wineries\r\n\r\nMain varietal: Tinta de Toro (Tempranillo)\r\n\r\nContinental climate\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\n“Gateway to Galicia”: Currently high profile\r\n\r\nSmall red and white producing area\r\n\r\nDO created in 1988: 39 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grapes: Mencía and Godello\r\n\r\nMild climate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCataluña\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region with 12 DOs with many climatic and geographic variations\r\n\r\n1999: a region DO called DO Cataluña\r\n\r\nStrongest on whites but also great reds\r\n\r\nWidespread use of indigenous varieties\r\n\r\nWidespread use of French varieties\r\n\r\n90% of Cava produced here\r\n\r\nKey in spread of modern equipment and techniques\r\n\r\nAll of the DOs are improving dramatically\r\n\r\nDO Penedés\r\n\r\nImportant DO since 1960:  150 wineries\r\n\r\nImportant innovator in wine\r\n\r\nCenter of Cava production\r\n\r\nAlso elegant whites and reds\r\n\r\nDOCa Priorat\r\n\r\nSmall, exclusive DO since 1954: 26 wineries\r\n\r\nVery expensive wines\r\n\r\nFamous for huge, mineral red wines\r\n\r\nUnique soils: licorella\r\n\r\nUse of Garnacha and Cariñena with French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Montsant\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Priorat…less expensive\r\n\r\nDO Terra Alta\r\n\r\nStill rustic at times…similar potential to Priorat\r\n\r\nDO Alella\r\n\r\nTiny coastal DO: mostly known for whites\r\n\r\nDO Apurdán-Costa Brava\r\n\r\nSmall coastal DO known traditionally for rosados\r\n\r\nDO Concá de Barbera\r\n\r\nMedium size interior DO used as source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Costers de Segre\r\n\r\nSmall interior DO used a source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Plá de Bagés\r\n\r\nTiny interior DO known for crisp whites\r\n\r\nDO Tarragona\r\n\r\nLarge coastal/interior DO makes a wide variety of wines\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla La Mancha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region: one of the biggest in the world\r\n\r\n9 DOs:  more being created\r\n\r\nVery hot region producing Mediterranean style red wines\r\n\r\nVery good value and improving quality\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine still!\r\n\r\nVery good Vinos de la Tierra de Castilla\r\n\r\nAlso several Vinos de Pago\r\n\r\nDO La Mancha\r\n\r\nEnormous DO making good quality wine from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nDO Valdepeñas\r\n\r\nVery large DO making traditional wines from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nOther DOs\r\n\r\nDO Almansa, DO Manchela, DO Méntrida, DO Mondéjar, DO Riber del Júcar\r\n\r\nDO Vinos de Madrid\r\n\r\nNot technically La Mancha, but similar situation and similar wines\r\n\r\nImproving...but best wines are expensive\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n9.  Introduction to Spanish Denominations cont\'d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAragon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge region with 4 DOs\r\n\r\nOne is very high quality, the other three improving rapidly\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine made here\r\n\r\nExcellent climate for high quality wine\r\n\r\nDO Somontano\r\n\r\nSmall, but growing DO with excellent quality\r\n\r\nVery good prices\r\n\r\nElegant, varied wines from indigenous and French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Calatayud\r\n\r\nMedium DO still rustic but interesting old-vine Garnacha and cavas\r\n\r\nDO Cariñena\r\n\r\nLarge DO making lots of jug wine and some interesting old-vine Garnacha\r\n\r\nDO Campo de Borja\r\n\r\nMedium DO with lots of Garnacha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGalicia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMild, wet region known for interesting whites with 5 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Rias Baixas\r\n\r\nTop quality, small DO making whites from Albariño\r\n\r\nHumidity, rain, main challenges\r\n\r\nNo bulk wine allowed\r\n\r\nWines can be pricy\r\n\r\nDO Valdeorras\r\n\r\nHigh quality small DO on border with Leon\r\n\r\nEastern, sheltered location gives more full-bodied whites and reds from Godello and Mencía\r\n\r\nDO Monterei\r\n\r\nHot, sheltered, tiny DO makes mostly reds\r\n\r\nDO Ribeiro\r\n\r\nSmall, coastal DO makes light, spritzy, blended whites\r\n\r\nDO Ribera Sacra\r\n\r\nSmall DO making traditional Galician whites\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNavarra and Basque Country\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nOne large DO and 3 tiny ones\r\n\r\nDO Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge DO making some very good wines: 109 wineries\r\n\r\nUse of a lot of indigenous and foreign grapes\r\n\r\nReputation built on rosés\r\n\r\nNow many more interesting reds and whites\r\n\r\nCross between continental and Atlantic climate\r\n\r\nDO Txacoli\r\n\r\nThree separate DOs: Alava, Getaria, Vizcaya\r\n\r\nMaking vinho verde style wines from local varieties\r\n\r\nHondarribi Zuri and Hondarribi Beltza\r\n\r\nMost are easy-drinking quaffers, but a few more serious wines being made now\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nValencia and Murcia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge jug wine areas now making very interesting wines\r\n\r\nMurcia:  3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Jumilla\r\n\r\nEnormous DO with growing reputation for quality wines\r\n\r\nRed, quality wines based on Monastrell\r\n\r\nInteresting dessert wines\r\n\r\nDO Bullas\r\n\r\nSmall DO with higher altitude makes some interesting reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Yecla\r\n\r\nMedium DO similar to Jumilla\r\n\r\nValencia: 3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Valencia\r\n\r\nLarge DO making mostly insipid whites, but has potential for reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Utiel Requena\r\n\r\nHuge DO making lots of red jug wine\r\n\r\nVery good wines being made from Bobal\r\n\r\nDO Alicante\r\n\r\nLarge DO traditionally know for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNow making good reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nExtremadura\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge DO (Ribera del Guadiana) making mostly jug wines\r\n\r\nGood potential but little results\r\n\r\nBest results in whites, though reds should be better\r\n\r\nMany grapes varieties:  Tempranillo and Garnacha dominate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBalearics\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTiny production\r\n\r\nMost wine made for local tourist consumption\r\n\r\nCheap and cheerful\r\n\r\nSome quality red wine made but quite pricy\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Callet, Fogoneu, Manto Negro\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCanaries\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMedium production made for tourist industry\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Listran and Malvasia\r\n\r\nWhites much better than reds\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAndalucia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMostly fortified wines, but some interesting table wines being made in Malaga and around Granada\r\n\r\nDO Jerez\r\n\r\nLarge DO of 10,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMakes of fortified white wines of many types\r\n\r\nGrapes:\r\n\r\nPalomino for dry sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNon-vintage wines made in criadera and solera systems\r\n\r\nLike cava and champagne\r\n\r\nTo preserve house style\r\n\r\nFinos and Manzanillas\r\n\r\nMade in reductive style under protective \"flor\"\r\n\r\nDry and fresh\r\n\r\nAmontillado\r\n\r\nAged Fino\r\n\r\nHas oxidative notes plus freshness of Fino\r\n\r\nOloroso:\r\n\r\nSolera without flor\r\n\r\nOxidized style:  nutty, brown\r\n\r\nAll start out dry:  some have PX added for sweetness\r\n\r\nPalo Cortado\r\n\r\nRarest style\r\n\r\nCross between Oloroso and Amontillado\r\n\r\nHas flor for short time\r\n\r\nSweet sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX dried to raisins\r\n\r\nUsed as varietal wines and blenders\r\n\r\nDO Montilla Moriles\r\n\r\nVery similar wines to sherry but using PX as base wine\r\n\r\nWhole range from Fino to sweet stickies\r\n\r\nDO Malaga\r\n\r\nFortified dessert wines from Moscatel and PX\r\n\r\nDO Huelva\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Jerez\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDO Cava\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nA style DO, not geographic\r\n\r\nSparkling wine made in Champenoise style\r\n\r\nMostly white, some rosé\r\n\r\nTop sales in world before champagne\r\n\r\nProduced in 160 municipalities\r\n\r\nCataluña:  90% of cava made here\r\n\r\nOther provinces:  Rioja, Valencia, Extremadura, Aragon\r\n\r\nThree traditional grapes:  Macabeo, Parellada, Xarel.lo\r\n\r\nOther grapes:  Chardonnay, Monastrell, Pinot Noir\r\n\r\nTendency:  use of more French varieties\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Spanish Grape Varieties</strong>\r\n\r\nThere is no doubt that the great red grape, Tempranillo,  is king in Spain....it is by far the most important grape variety in terms of quality wine production and respect.  It sometimes seems people would prefer to drink a bad Tempranillo than order another grape variety! Tempranillo is a wonderful variety and offers a great variety of wines depending on the region and the local variant of the grape.  Though considering by many experts a \"noble\" grape\", some also would perhaps criticize Tempranillo for its lack of a distinct personality that shines trough in any terroir.\r\n\r\nTimes are changing and this is a good thing because Spain has some really interesting indigenous varieties other than Tempranillo. Spain does not have the rich diversity of indigenous varieties that is seen in italy or Portugal.  Many varieties were lost or reduced to non-commercial levels after the phyloxera blight at the end of the 19th century.  Much of the replanting was done with easier varietals and eventually with Tempranillo.  Luckily today there is some interest in reviving some of the local obscure varietals.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile some of the great red varieties to watch out for are:  Garnacha (Grenache), Mencia, Bobal, Monastrell (Mourvedre) etc.\r\n\r\nOutstanding white varieties include: Verdejo, Godello, Albariño, Viura, and Palomino\r\n\r\nYou can also find the all usual international grapes planted in Spain and being made into mediocre to very good wine.\r\n\r\nFor more detail on the major indigenous Spanish varietals see <a href=\"http://planetavino.net/newsite/spanish-grape-varieties/\">here</a>...\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Spain Wine In Brief','','inherit','open','open','','338-revision-21','','','2012-10-21 05:27:46','2012-10-21 05:27:46','',338,'http://planetavino.net/newsite/338-revision-21/',0,'revision','',0),(600,1,'2012-10-19 06:12:50','2012-10-19 06:12:50','Spanish Wine\r\n\r\nSpain is one of the top three producers of wine in the world...a wine giant.  Wine has always been integral to Spanish culture. Yet Spain is no doubt going through a wine crisis both economically and culturally.\r\n\r\nSpanish wine has never been better and generally represents great quality for value, yet there is excess production and consumption in Spain itself is on the decline.\r\n\r\nWine is becoming fashionable in Spain, but this has not always been the case.  Though it\'s an integral part of the traditional culture, there has been a tendency until recently to take it for granted.  The norm is to drink what\'s local or what\'s available, the wine you grew up with!  Curiosity about better wines and wines from other areas is a relatively new phenomena.  It\'s an exciting time as many Spaniards are becoming more adventurous about their wine choices.\r\n\r\nThe flip side of this is that there has never been less interest in wine among young people as they turn more to other sources of alcohol.  Though Spaniards are drinking better quality wine, they are drinking less of it every year. Many worry that the idea of wine as an integral part of a Spanish meal is being lost as people turn to soda and other drinks.  Cultural programs are underway to introduce young people to wine as part of Spain cultural and gastronomic heritage.\r\n\r\nThe most well known wine areas, Rioja, Ribera de Duero, and Priorat, continue to offer some of the worlds top wines.  Prices have risen but there are still good values to be found.  Though each region has some common regional character, there is great diversity in wine styles within each region due to factors in terroir, grape variety and especially wine-making.\r\n\r\nA really exciting change in Spanish wine in the last decade or so has been the rise of dozens of new regional stars, often offering tremendous value for money.  So many favorites:  Bierzo, Toro, Montsant, Valdeorras, Rueda, Madrid, Campo de Borja, Calatayud, Sierras de Malaga...and many more!  Not to mention the great wines being made outside the appellation category under the lesser Vino de la Tierra category, especially in Castilla Leon and La Mancha.  These well-priced wines can sometimes put appellation wines to shame.\r\n\r\nOne of the most dramatic changes in the last decades has been in the quality of the white wines in Spain.  The introduction of modern technology in the 80\'s and 90\'s converted flabby and often oxidized whites to fresh, attractive ones.  Spaniards are acustomed to fresh, aromativc whites with no oak aging adn this is still what you normally be served.\r\n\r\nWe are currently undergoing the second revolution in Spanish whites as top Spanish winemakers search out the best sites to produce grapes capable of making world class whites, with and without oak.  There have been many missteps and over-oaked, flabby wines can still result...but some quite outstanding whites have also been produced.  some of the most exciting wine projects in Spain right now are showcasing white wines.\r\n\r\nSpain became first became famous for its\' traditional  red Riojas, wines that show Tempranillo at its most elegant.  The best ones offer elegant cherry fruit, fresh acidity, and a smooth, silky mouth with vanilla and tobacco aromas from long aging in older American oak barrels.  These are easy wines to drink, age beautifully and very food friendly.\r\n\r\nThese wines became unfashionable over the years and the new Riojas are very different, as are many of the modern reds from the other regions of Spain.  The new reds are higher in alcohol, bold in fruit and oak, intense wines.  The good ones are very attractive, show well, and suit many modern palates but can be exhausting to drink and are not always very food-friendly.\r\n\r\nThough it looked for a while that the traditional Rioja styles\' led by the Gran Reserva category, would become extinct there has been a new resurgence in popularity among aficionados.\r\n\r\nAnother positive trend in diversity has been as some young enologists towards a different style of wine, a terroir wine, where wine-making is at pains to respect the character in the fruit.  The wines that result are very different than the above wines and vary greatly depending on the region and grape variety.\r\n\r\nWe mustn\'t forget some of the other great Spanish wines categories:\r\n\r\nFresh, fruity, dry, cheap rosé wines and delightful cava,the good value sparkling wine alternative.\r\n\r\nUndervalued, complex, surprising sherries, that come in 12 different styles and are wonderfully food friendly.\r\n\r\nThough Spain is a hot, arid country it is also the European country with the highest mean altitude after Switzerland.  The potential for wine diversity is enormous....much of that potential remains to be exploited.\r\n\r\nDespite it\'s current troubles, Spain\'s wine exports have performed better than its European neighbors during these crisis years.  If some of the problems facing the industry can be addressed, Spain\'s wine future could be very rosy indeed.\r\n\r\nFor a more detailed look at Spanish wine check the <a href=\"http://planetavino.net/newsite/intro-to-spanish-wine/\">Intro to Spanish</a> wine section.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Food\r\n\r\nLed by Ferran Adria, Jose Andres, and many others, top level Spanish chefs have finally gained well-deserved recognition for Spanish gastronomy.\r\n\r\nIn the ten years I lived in Spain, the restaurant scene in Madrid changed dramatically, with a dynamic renewal of the best traditional cuisine and some fantastic innovation and fusion.\r\n\r\nMadrid remains one of the best, most inexpensive places to get some great food and wine in Europe, but now there is so much more variety.\r\n\r\nIt still strikes me though, the gap between the public face of Spanish cuisine and the everyday reality in the average Spanish house or even the more basic restaurant.\r\n\r\nDaily Spanish food is based on some pretty basic principles, like many cultures\' food.  But perhaps even more simple than many....take a fresh ingredient and cook it simply, preserving the natural flavor.\r\n\r\nThere are few herbs and even fewer spices.  Garlic, salt and parsley....spend a few years in Spain and you will crave chilies and rosemary and pepper!\r\n\r\nOne of the great Spanish techniques is the plancha, which is a healthy, delicious way to cook things. It allows the Spanish desire to highlight the ingredient with little or no embellishment.\r\n\r\nAnother great mainstay of the home cook is the Plato de cuchara or legume stew.  There are tons of regional variations and they are all delicious...most are variations on a theme of legumes and vegetables with some cut of cured pork for flavoring.\r\n\r\nThe salad in Spain is delicious, simple, flavorful, with not too many additions or variations. Always with a simple dressing of good olive oil, vinegar and salt.\r\n\r\nAll these things and more are delicious...but this is offset by a plainness and lack of variety at times at home and in the more basic restaurant establishments.  There are, of course, wonderful innovation both in some home and everyday restaurants,  But spicy, strong or exotic favors are still not widely appreciated, so it can be limited.  Sauces are viewed suspiciously as a way to hide inferior ingredients and are frowned upon!\r\n\r\nSome regions are known for more complex cuisine than others, Catalonia and Basque country stand out, but at their heart, and in most households, they remain very simple.\r\n\r\nMy mother in law is a fantastic traditional basque cook.  Everything she makes is delicious, but there will never be a new dish or new flavors in in her repertoire.  A lot of repetition in the end.\r\n\r\nMy clients, after a long trip in Spain, often commented, how they loved the tapas/restaurant culture, but found it relatively boring after a while. It was only at the gastronomic \"temples\" did they find the innovation and excitement they craved\r\n\r\nAll this is changing as new gourmet sensibilities rapidly emerge in Spain, and there is so much to savor appreciate and preserve in traditional Spanish cuisine. When you are away from it and saturated with our excessive gastronomic variety, you crave that simple culinary perspective!\r\n\r\nBut it is interesting to realize that the food that Spain is gaining such renown for is not the food that is eaten or liked by most spaniards. You could say that to some extent about every country, but I found the gap much greater in Spain then either in France or in the US.\r\n\r\nFor more on Spanish food, stay tuned to my blog!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine and Food\r\n\r\nThe idea of matching is slowly coming of age in Spain but is not a part of traditional culture and is still largely limited to a few top restaurants, and some new concept eateries and bars.\r\n\r\nThere are still relatively few sommeliers in restaurants and restaurant staff are not generally knowledgeable about wine. The downside is that you are generally on your own and may even be wary of staff recommendations...the upside is that the markup of wine in restaurants in Spain is very reasonable.\r\n\r\nThe basic concept of matching in Spanish culture remains to drink a wine you like with some food you like...and that wine is usually red, preferably Rioja, no matter the food!\r\n\r\nA few exceptions:\r\n\r\nAlbarino , the Galician white wine, is the one exception to the red rule and is frequently chosen to match with shellfish.\r\n\r\nRueda, another popular white, is frequently ordered with tapas, before a meal.\r\n\r\nIn the south, there is some appreciation of dry sherry as an aperitif wine with tapas\r\n\r\nTimes are changing and gourmet wine aficionados are springing up around Spain, as are restaurants and bars that cater to them.  But it takes a long time to change the basic culture.....\r\n\r\nThe big Spanish reds that have come to dominate the market can be a challenge to match with many everyday foods, but if you scratch the surface, you can find delightful food wines!  From the unoaked whites that still are the norm, through food-friendly sparkling wines and canvas, to the matching star family of wines that is sherry...a wealth of choices!  Even some reds are becoming more food friendly as new trends evolve and older traditional styles get renewed respect.','Spanish Wine and Food','','inherit','open','open','','6-revision-4','','','2012-10-19 06:12:50','2012-10-19 06:12:50','',6,'http://planetavino.net/newsite/6-revision-4/',0,'revision','',0),(601,1,'2012-10-21 05:33:04','2012-10-21 05:33:04','Below you\'ll find a brief overview of Spanish wines, including a general introduction, wine law, and grape varieties.  This is the more detailed info for those who are looking for some background.\r\n\r\nI\'ve also created a great practical guide to drinking Spanish wine, the styles, identifying the Spanish wines you like by grape or region, figuring the best values and where you can find them.  To get this useful guide just sign up for my monthly newsletter here.  In my newsletter, I\'ll give you an update on the latest on Spanish wine and food and some top wine picks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>My Top Ten of Spanish wine</strong></h2>\r\n<strong>...or a total simplification of Spanish wine!  ....but useful sometimes...</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ol>\r\n	<li>Super dynamic wine market\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Getting world recognition</li>\r\n	<li>Lots of change in every corner of the country!</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Huge wine producer\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards in the world</li>\r\n	<li>3rd in wine production</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Red wine country\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Some of the top red wines in the world</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Whites wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Attractive, great value…improving rapidly</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>In Spain wines ordered by region, not by grape variety\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>70+ designated wine regions or wine appellations (Denominacion de Origen (DO))</li>\r\n	<li>Most important: Rioja, Ribera del Duero, Priorat</li>\r\n	<li>Many rising stars: Jumilla, Toro, Bierzo, La Mancha etc.</li>\r\n	<li>Aging designations on label: crianza, reserva,  gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Most important grape variety: Tempranillo\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties…but only 20 commercially important today</li>\r\n	<li>More and more international varieties:  Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Chardonnay etc.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spanish people drinking much less but drinking higher quality wine</li>\r\n	<li>Exports very important…40%\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers are:  UK, Germany, U.S.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Tendencies:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Old vines</li>\r\n	<li>Single vineyards/terroir wines</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes and unique indigenous grapes</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Blockbuster wines…High alcohol, super extracted, over-oaked</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Wines to wine points from wine critics (Parker effect), comercial wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less appellation wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less wines in traditional categories such as crianza, reserva and gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Conclusion:  Very high quality, consistency and still excellent prices. Some of the best value wines in the world!</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>A few more details...</strong></h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> Long history of winemaking (3000 years!)</li>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards of any country in the world (15.5%)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Third in world wine production after France and Italy (13%)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Just over 50% of wine production is red\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Around 60% of production is table wine, 40% is quality wine</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>But just 20 of them account for 80% of wine production</li>\r\n	<li>Tempranillo:  most important red grape in terms of quality and quantity</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon on the rise</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Vineyards in all 17 autonomous regions\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>La Mancha: (the greatest surface area of vines in the world)</li>\r\n	<li>Rioja:  most densely planted in Spain</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Classification system for quality wine based on regional wine appellations\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>There are over 70 Denominación de Origen (DO) spread throughout Spain</li>\r\n	<li>DO: wine appellation with strict rules controlling viticulture and wine production</li>\r\n	<li>DO wines often have indication of oak aging:  crianza, reserva, gran reserva</li>\r\n	<li>Other categories of quality wine: DOCA, VCIG, Vino de Pago</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Lesser classifications are now being used for some top wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vino de la Tierra and Vino de Mesa</li>\r\n	<li>Used in areas outside designated DOs</li>\r\n	<li>Also used by some winemakers looking for more flexibility</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Over 40% of Spanish production is exported (increasing)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers in terms of value:  UK, Germany, USA</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain also has amazing cavas, dessert wines, and fortified wines at great values</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>Some opinions (only mine!)</strong></h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Change, change and more change!</strong>\r\n\r\nExciting times as change touches every area of Spain\'s wine industry.  New areas are up and coming and showcasing lesser known varietals, while the better known areas such a Rioja and Ribera del Duero are faced  more competition and forced to produce even better wines.  This healthy competition extends itself to styles: ultra modern, blockbuster styles, traditional styles and more restrained terroir styles must all compete for consumer approval.  Hopefully there is room in the market for the finest examples of all the styles as the diversity only benefits the consumer.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>A red wine country</strong>\r\n\r\nSpain is known for its red wines and makes some of the finest reds in the world.  It also makes tons of great value, easy drinking reds that consistently deliver.  Why so much talk of reds?  Spain\'s climate lends itself towards reds, but there is an equally important cultural reason for the domination of the color red.  For most spaniards wine is <span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">red </span><span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> and only red.  There is a saying in Spain that the best white is a red!  So the focus for a long time was on reds.  This is changing a bit, but most Spaniards have still not been exposed to top notch whites, or even tried a white with some oak aging!</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>...but don\'t overlook the whites!</strong>\r\n\r\nWinemakers are changing Spain\'s whites with exciting new projects and turning out some remarkable wines, both with and without oak, from some very unique terroir sites.  There are many misses of course,  but the standard is improving all the time.  Meanwhile the simple, un-oaked styles of whites that the Spanish enjoy deserve more respect than they get.  they are consistently fresh, easy to drink, and easy on the pocket.  You just have to know the areas and grape varieties that are more reliable.  For me you can\'t beat the region Rueda with its attractive un-oaked Verdejos for some good everyday value quaffing.  Perhaps that\'s why it the basic bar white in most of Spain!   Albariño, the most beloved of whites to the Spanis, can also be lovely, but is not as consistent, and pricier.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Obsessed with Rioja and Ribera?</strong>\r\n\r\nRioja still makes up over 50% of the fine wine market and remains the go-to wine for most Spaniards.  I like to call it \"Riojitis\"...which sounds better in Spanish!   Unfortunately a lot of the basic Rioja served at many bars and restaurants in Spain is pretty awful stuff.  So many faces still light up at the word Rioja...even the bad stuff....\r\n\r\nThere are regional variations, but in Madrid, Ribera de Duero has become the more fashionable alternative to Rioja.  Madrid palates have taken to the more robust and oaky wines from the region just to the north.  These wines are generally much more expensive than many Riojas and have become somewhat of a status symbol in the capital as well.  Ribera del Duero reds can be excellent when not suffering from excessive oak but they are often excessively priced as well.    There are less expensive ones of course but it\'s harder to find a tasty good value Ribera....Rioja is easier in that regard.\r\n\r\nI often find it a shame that there is not a better offering of other regions on wine lists in many parts of Spain, except in wine bars or specialized restaurants.  There are so many excellent wines from regions that offer much better value...and there is something to be said for variety.  In Madrid you are often left with two choices:  Ribera or Rioja!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Spaniards don\'t like wine anymore?</strong>\r\n\r\nA worrisome trend to the wine industry is that continue a decades long trend to drinking less wine. Many factors have affected this decline.   Wine has been replaced by other drinks at Spanish meals and when drunk is often reserved for longer family meals on the weekend.  Stricter drunk driving laws has had a great impact on wine consumption in bars and restaurants.  While wine aficionados have multiplied, many segments of society, especially young people have lost touch with wine as part of Spanish culture.  All of these tendecies are difficult ones to address.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile Spanish wine exports have been growing and thriving, reaching over 40% of appellation level wines.  It\'s become a critical market for wineries as the domestic market shrinks.  Despite tough economic times, overall Spanish wine exports have continued to outperform their neighbors.  Spanish wineries need to continue to find effective ways to compete in an increasingly competitive world market.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Some beautiful things</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> The old, old vines:  what a wonderful wealth of lovely old bush vines that abound....a goldmine!  Though blends used to be the norm, winemakers are now highlighting hese special parcels.  Some extraordinary wines come from these vineyards, including some of my favorite Grenaches</li>\r\n	<li>Great grapes:  love that Mencia, that Garnacha, that Godello! But so many more,:  Prieto Picudo, Callet, Bobal, Cariñena etc.etc. Also some fun stuff with the international varieties</li>\r\n	<li>The leaner terroir wine appearing of late:  though I love and appreciate some of those intense fruit bombs, I have an abiding love for a different more austere type of intensity....and we\'re seeing it more and more with interesting projects all over Spain</li>\r\n	<li>Beautiful, cheap wines in Spanish restaurants and bars:  though I amy complain about the selection...you can\'t beat the prices!  Now that I live in theStates....i appreciate them all the more!</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>Some not so beautiful things </strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Still way too many over-oaked wines</li>\r\n	<li>More marketing needed:  Spanish wines still need more exposure.  The government-run organization Wines from Spain tries.....</li>\r\n	<li>New obsession with points by critics...it arrived late in Spain but was inevitable!</li>\r\n	<li>Better enotourism experiences in many areas....don\'t want to lose the authenticity, but a little more thoughtfulness and practicality needed</li>\r\n	<li>Not enough recognition for Spanish wines:  the wines deserve more</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>Love me some Spanish wine!</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTendencies\r\n\r\nTechnology in the vineyard and winery\r\n\r\nSingle-vineyard wines (the idea of terroir)\r\n\r\nTrendy for rich and famous to get into making wine\r\n\r\nMore international styles: wines to please wine critics\r\n\r\nMore regional styles also trendy\r\n\r\nBlockbuster style:  more everything--alcohol, fruit, tannin, oak\r\n\r\nPrices still good but rising quickly\r\n\r\nMore international prestige but still behind France and Italy\r\n\r\nMore marketing needed!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBottom line:\r\n\r\nOutstanding variety and quality at all price ranges…best value wines in Western Europe!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Law\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>EU wine law recognizes two main categories of wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Table wine and quality wine</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain has two levels of table wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vino de mesa:  no region, grapes, or vintage on label</li>\r\n	<li>Vino de la Tierra (VdlT):  equivalent of Vin de Pays in France\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>An officially recognized area but below DO level</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain has four levels of quality wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vinos de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica (VCIG)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>New category: areas must wait five years to ask for DO</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Denominación de Origen (DO).\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Over 65 exist</li>\r\n	<li>Regulated by a consejo regulador with detailed rules</li>\r\n	<li>Guarantees origin not always quality</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Denominción de Origen Calificada (DOCa)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>DO must wait ten years to attain</li>\r\n	<li>Only Rioja and Priorat so far: stricter rules</li>\r\n	<li>In reality does not guarentee more quality</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Vino de Pago:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Single estates of exceptional quality</li>\r\n	<li>Must comply at least with DOCa rules</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Aging requirements: national DO law...some regions set stricter limits\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Terms generally appear on front labels</li>\r\n	<li>All have a back sticker with category</li>\r\n	<li>Joven or vino de cosecha:  no oak aging (generally should be drunk from latest vintage)</li>\r\n	<li>Roble:  Seen some oak (no legal requirements)</li>\r\n	<li>In reality categories are just for reds</li>\r\n	<li>Some wineries are ignorign categories and have \"cosecha\" sticker for wines with oak aging</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<a title=\"Crianza table\" href=\"http://www.planetavino.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/crianza-charts.JPG\"><img src=\"http://www.planetavino.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/crianza-charts.JPG\" alt=\"Crianza table\" /></a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\ncut and paste table\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Regions\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDOCa Rioja\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRioja, Basque Country, Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge area known for red and some whites\r\n\r\nThree sub zones\r\n\r\nRioja Alta and Alavesa\r\n\r\nRioja Baja\r\n\r\nMost densely planted area in Spain\r\n\r\nClassic wine region that led the way\r\n\r\nBrought French influence in 19th century\r\n\r\nMost famous Spanish wine region internationally\r\n\r\nDO created in 1925 (1st)\r\n\r\nDOCa since 1991\r\n\r\n65,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMore than 550 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grape: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nAlso: Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano\r\n\r\nExperimental grape: Cabernet Sauvignon\r\n\r\nSomewhat of an identity crisis\r\n\r\nModern vs traditional\r\n\r\nMild climatological conditions\r\n\r\nAtlantic influence\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla Leon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVery important wine region with five important DOs\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\nDO Cigales\r\n\r\nAlso very important production of Vino de la Tierra de Castilla Leon\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO since 1982\r\n\r\nConsidered to produce some of the finest red wines in Spain\r\n\r\nTrendy and fast-growing areas\r\n\r\nPrices can be quite high\r\n\r\n8,000 ha of vineyards and over 178 wineries.\r\n\r\nGrape variety:  Tinto Fino, a variant of Tempranillo\r\n\r\nClimate: Continental with some Med influences\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nSmall wine region (6000ha) with 36 wineries\r\n\r\nWhite wines from Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc\r\n\r\nCreated in 1980 for whites\r\n\r\nSince 2001 open to reds\r\n\r\nThe wines are attractive modern, cold-fermented whites\r\n\r\nThe climate is wind-swept continental\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nGained fame over last ten years\r\n\r\nPowerful red wines\r\n\r\nSome good value wines, but many more expensive now\r\n\r\nSmall DO created in 1987: 34 wineries\r\n\r\nMain varietal: Tinta de Toro (Tempranillo)\r\n\r\nContinental climate\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\n“Gateway to Galicia”: Currently high profile\r\n\r\nSmall red and white producing area\r\n\r\nDO created in 1988: 39 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grapes: Mencía and Godello\r\n\r\nMild climate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCataluña\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region with 12 DOs with many climatic and geographic variations\r\n\r\n1999: a region DO called DO Cataluña\r\n\r\nStrongest on whites but also great reds\r\n\r\nWidespread use of indigenous varieties\r\n\r\nWidespread use of French varieties\r\n\r\n90% of Cava produced here\r\n\r\nKey in spread of modern equipment and techniques\r\n\r\nAll of the DOs are improving dramatically\r\n\r\nDO Penedés\r\n\r\nImportant DO since 1960:  150 wineries\r\n\r\nImportant innovator in wine\r\n\r\nCenter of Cava production\r\n\r\nAlso elegant whites and reds\r\n\r\nDOCa Priorat\r\n\r\nSmall, exclusive DO since 1954: 26 wineries\r\n\r\nVery expensive wines\r\n\r\nFamous for huge, mineral red wines\r\n\r\nUnique soils: licorella\r\n\r\nUse of Garnacha and Cariñena with French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Montsant\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Priorat…less expensive\r\n\r\nDO Terra Alta\r\n\r\nStill rustic at times…similar potential to Priorat\r\n\r\nDO Alella\r\n\r\nTiny coastal DO: mostly known for whites\r\n\r\nDO Apurdán-Costa Brava\r\n\r\nSmall coastal DO known traditionally for rosados\r\n\r\nDO Concá de Barbera\r\n\r\nMedium size interior DO used as source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Costers de Segre\r\n\r\nSmall interior DO used a source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Plá de Bagés\r\n\r\nTiny interior DO known for crisp whites\r\n\r\nDO Tarragona\r\n\r\nLarge coastal/interior DO makes a wide variety of wines\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla La Mancha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region: one of the biggest in the world\r\n\r\n9 DOs:  more being created\r\n\r\nVery hot region producing Mediterranean style red wines\r\n\r\nVery good value and improving quality\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine still!\r\n\r\nVery good Vinos de la Tierra de Castilla\r\n\r\nAlso several Vinos de Pago\r\n\r\nDO La Mancha\r\n\r\nEnormous DO making good quality wine from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nDO Valdepeñas\r\n\r\nVery large DO making traditional wines from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nOther DOs\r\n\r\nDO Almansa, DO Manchela, DO Méntrida, DO Mondéjar, DO Riber del Júcar\r\n\r\nDO Vinos de Madrid\r\n\r\nNot technically La Mancha, but similar situation and similar wines\r\n\r\nImproving...but best wines are expensive\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n9.  Introduction to Spanish Denominations cont\'d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAragon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge region with 4 DOs\r\n\r\nOne is very high quality, the other three improving rapidly\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine made here\r\n\r\nExcellent climate for high quality wine\r\n\r\nDO Somontano\r\n\r\nSmall, but growing DO with excellent quality\r\n\r\nVery good prices\r\n\r\nElegant, varied wines from indigenous and French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Calatayud\r\n\r\nMedium DO still rustic but interesting old-vine Garnacha and cavas\r\n\r\nDO Cariñena\r\n\r\nLarge DO making lots of jug wine and some interesting old-vine Garnacha\r\n\r\nDO Campo de Borja\r\n\r\nMedium DO with lots of Garnacha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGalicia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMild, wet region known for interesting whites with 5 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Rias Baixas\r\n\r\nTop quality, small DO making whites from Albariño\r\n\r\nHumidity, rain, main challenges\r\n\r\nNo bulk wine allowed\r\n\r\nWines can be pricy\r\n\r\nDO Valdeorras\r\n\r\nHigh quality small DO on border with Leon\r\n\r\nEastern, sheltered location gives more full-bodied whites and reds from Godello and Mencía\r\n\r\nDO Monterei\r\n\r\nHot, sheltered, tiny DO makes mostly reds\r\n\r\nDO Ribeiro\r\n\r\nSmall, coastal DO makes light, spritzy, blended whites\r\n\r\nDO Ribera Sacra\r\n\r\nSmall DO making traditional Galician whites\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNavarra and Basque Country\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nOne large DO and 3 tiny ones\r\n\r\nDO Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge DO making some very good wines: 109 wineries\r\n\r\nUse of a lot of indigenous and foreign grapes\r\n\r\nReputation built on rosés\r\n\r\nNow many more interesting reds and whites\r\n\r\nCross between continental and Atlantic climate\r\n\r\nDO Txacoli\r\n\r\nThree separate DOs: Alava, Getaria, Vizcaya\r\n\r\nMaking vinho verde style wines from local varieties\r\n\r\nHondarribi Zuri and Hondarribi Beltza\r\n\r\nMost are easy-drinking quaffers, but a few more serious wines being made now\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nValencia and Murcia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge jug wine areas now making very interesting wines\r\n\r\nMurcia:  3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Jumilla\r\n\r\nEnormous DO with growing reputation for quality wines\r\n\r\nRed, quality wines based on Monastrell\r\n\r\nInteresting dessert wines\r\n\r\nDO Bullas\r\n\r\nSmall DO with higher altitude makes some interesting reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Yecla\r\n\r\nMedium DO similar to Jumilla\r\n\r\nValencia: 3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Valencia\r\n\r\nLarge DO making mostly insipid whites, but has potential for reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Utiel Requena\r\n\r\nHuge DO making lots of red jug wine\r\n\r\nVery good wines being made from Bobal\r\n\r\nDO Alicante\r\n\r\nLarge DO traditionally know for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNow making good reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nExtremadura\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge DO (Ribera del Guadiana) making mostly jug wines\r\n\r\nGood potential but little results\r\n\r\nBest results in whites, though reds should be better\r\n\r\nMany grapes varieties:  Tempranillo and Garnacha dominate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBalearics\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTiny production\r\n\r\nMost wine made for local tourist consumption\r\n\r\nCheap and cheerful\r\n\r\nSome quality red wine made but quite pricy\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Callet, Fogoneu, Manto Negro\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCanaries\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMedium production made for tourist industry\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Listran and Malvasia\r\n\r\nWhites much better than reds\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAndalucia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMostly fortified wines, but some interesting table wines being made in Malaga and around Granada\r\n\r\nDO Jerez\r\n\r\nLarge DO of 10,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMakes of fortified white wines of many types\r\n\r\nGrapes:\r\n\r\nPalomino for dry sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNon-vintage wines made in criadera and solera systems\r\n\r\nLike cava and champagne\r\n\r\nTo preserve house style\r\n\r\nFinos and Manzanillas\r\n\r\nMade in reductive style under protective \"flor\"\r\n\r\nDry and fresh\r\n\r\nAmontillado\r\n\r\nAged Fino\r\n\r\nHas oxidative notes plus freshness of Fino\r\n\r\nOloroso:\r\n\r\nSolera without flor\r\n\r\nOxidized style:  nutty, brown\r\n\r\nAll start out dry:  some have PX added for sweetness\r\n\r\nPalo Cortado\r\n\r\nRarest style\r\n\r\nCross between Oloroso and Amontillado\r\n\r\nHas flor for short time\r\n\r\nSweet sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX dried to raisins\r\n\r\nUsed as varietal wines and blenders\r\n\r\nDO Montilla Moriles\r\n\r\nVery similar wines to sherry but using PX as base wine\r\n\r\nWhole range from Fino to sweet stickies\r\n\r\nDO Malaga\r\n\r\nFortified dessert wines from Moscatel and PX\r\n\r\nDO Huelva\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Jerez\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDO Cava\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nA style DO, not geographic\r\n\r\nSparkling wine made in Champenoise style\r\n\r\nMostly white, some rosé\r\n\r\nTop sales in world before champagne\r\n\r\nProduced in 160 municipalities\r\n\r\nCataluña:  90% of cava made here\r\n\r\nOther provinces:  Rioja, Valencia, Extremadura, Aragon\r\n\r\nThree traditional grapes:  Macabeo, Parellada, Xarel.lo\r\n\r\nOther grapes:  Chardonnay, Monastrell, Pinot Noir\r\n\r\nTendency:  use of more French varieties\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Spanish Grape Varieties</strong>\r\n\r\nThere is no doubt that the great red grape, Tempranillo,  is king in Spain....it is by far the most important grape variety in terms of quality wine production and respect.  It sometimes seems people would prefer to drink a bad Tempranillo than order another grape variety! Tempranillo is a wonderful variety and offers a great variety of wines depending on the region and the local variant of the grape.  Though considering by many experts a \"noble\" grape\", some also would perhaps criticize Tempranillo for its lack of a distinct personality that shines trough in any terroir.\r\n\r\nTimes are changing and this is a good thing because Spain has some really interesting indigenous varieties other than Tempranillo. Spain does not have the rich diversity of indigenous varieties that is seen in italy or Portugal.  Many varieties were lost or reduced to non-commercial levels after the phyloxera blight at the end of the 19th century.  Much of the replanting was done with easier varietals and eventually with Tempranillo.  Luckily today there is some interest in reviving some of the local obscure varietals.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile some of the great red varieties to watch out for are:  Garnacha (Grenache), Mencia, Bobal, Monastrell (Mourvedre) etc.\r\n\r\nOutstanding white varieties include: Verdejo, Godello, Albariño, Viura, and Palomino\r\n\r\nYou can also find the all usual international grapes planted in Spain and being made into mediocre to very good wine.\r\n\r\nFor more detail on the major indigenous Spanish varietals see <a href=\"http://planetavino.net/newsite/spanish-grape-varieties/\">here</a>...\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Spanish Wine In Brief','','inherit','open','open','','338-revision-22','','','2012-10-21 05:33:04','2012-10-21 05:33:04','',338,'http://planetavino.net/newsite/338-revision-22/',0,'revision','',0),(602,1,'2012-10-21 05:53:20','2012-10-21 05:53:20','Below you\'ll find a brief overview of Spanish wines, including a general introduction, wine law, and grape varieties.  This is the more detailed info for those who are looking for some background.\r\n\r\nI\'ve also created a great practical guide to drinking Spanish wine, the styles, identifying the Spanish wines you like by grape or region, figuring the best values and where you can find them.  To get this useful guide just sign up for my monthly newsletter here.  In my newsletter, I\'ll give you an update on the latest on Spanish wine and food and some top wine picks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>My Top Ten of Spanish wine</strong></h2>\r\n<strong>...or a total simplification of Spanish wine!  ....but useful sometimes...</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ol>\r\n	<li>Super dynamic wine market\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Getting world recognition</li>\r\n	<li>Lots of change in every corner of the country!</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Huge wine producer\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards in the world</li>\r\n	<li>3rd in wine production</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Red wine country\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Some of the top red wines in the world</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Whites wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Attractive, great value…improving rapidly</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>In Spain wines ordered by region, not by grape variety\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>70+ designated wine regions or wine appellations (Denominacion de Origen (DO))</li>\r\n	<li>Most important: Rioja, Ribera del Duero, Priorat</li>\r\n	<li>Many rising stars: Jumilla, Toro, Bierzo, La Mancha etc.</li>\r\n	<li>Aging designations on label: crianza, reserva,  gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Most important grape variety: Tempranillo\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties…but only 20 commercially important today</li>\r\n	<li>More and more international varieties:  Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Chardonnay etc.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spanish people drinking much less but drinking higher quality wine</li>\r\n	<li>Exports very important…40%\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers are:  UK, Germany, U.S.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Tendencies:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Old vines</li>\r\n	<li>Single vineyards/terroir wines</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes and unique indigenous grapes</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Blockbuster wines…High alcohol, super extracted, over-oaked</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Wines to wine points from wine critics (Parker effect), comercial wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less appellation wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less wines in traditional categories such as crianza, reserva and gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Conclusion:  Very high quality, consistency and still excellent prices. Some of the best value wines in the world!</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>A few more details...</strong></h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> Long history of winemaking (3000 years!)</li>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards of any country in the world (15.5%)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Third in world wine production after France and Italy (13%)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Just over 50% of wine production is red\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Around 60% of production is table wine, 40% is quality wine</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>But just 20 of them account for 80% of wine production</li>\r\n	<li>Tempranillo:  most important red grape in terms of quality and quantity</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon on the rise</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Vineyards in all 17 autonomous regions\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>La Mancha: (the greatest surface area of vines in the world)</li>\r\n	<li>Rioja:  most densely planted in Spain</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Classification system for quality wine based on regional wine appellations\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>There are over 70 Denominación de Origen (DO) spread throughout Spain</li>\r\n	<li>DO: wine appellation with strict rules controlling viticulture and wine production</li>\r\n	<li>DO wines often have indication of oak aging:  crianza, reserva, gran reserva</li>\r\n	<li>Other categories of quality wine: DOCA, VCIG, Vino de Pago</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Lesser classifications are now being used for some top wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vino de la Tierra and Vino de Mesa</li>\r\n	<li>Used in areas outside designated DOs</li>\r\n	<li>Also used by some winemakers looking for more flexibility</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Over 40% of Spanish production is exported (increasing)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers in terms of value:  UK, Germany, USA</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain also has amazing cavas, dessert wines, and fortified wines at great values</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>Some opinions (only mine!)</strong></h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Change, change and more change!</strong>\r\n\r\nExciting times as change touches every area of Spain\'s wine industry.  New areas are up and coming and showcasing lesser known varietals, while the better known areas such a Rioja and Ribera del Duero are faced  more competition and forced to produce even better wines.  This healthy competition extends itself to styles: ultra modern, blockbuster styles, traditional styles and more restrained terroir styles must all compete for consumer approval.  Hopefully there is room in the market for the finest examples of all the styles as the diversity only benefits the consumer.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>A red wine country</strong>\r\n\r\nSpain is known for its red wines and makes some of the finest reds in the world.  It also makes tons of great value, easy drinking reds that consistently deliver.  Why so much talk of reds?  Spain\'s climate lends itself towards reds, but there is an equally important cultural reason for the domination of the color red.  For most spaniards wine is <span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">red </span><span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> and only red.  There is a saying in Spain that the best white is a red!  So the focus for a long time was on reds.  This is changing a bit, but most Spaniards have still not been exposed to top notch whites, or even tried a white with some oak aging!</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>...but don\'t overlook the whites!</strong>\r\n\r\nWinemakers are changing Spain\'s whites with exciting new projects and turning out some remarkable wines, both with and without oak, from some very unique terroir sites.  There are many misses of course,  but the standard is improving all the time.  Meanwhile the simple, un-oaked styles of whites that the Spanish enjoy deserve more respect than they get.  they are consistently fresh, easy to drink, and easy on the pocket.  You just have to know the areas and grape varieties that are more reliable.  For me you can\'t beat the region Rueda with its attractive un-oaked Verdejos for some good everyday value quaffing.  Perhaps that\'s why it the basic bar white in most of Spain!   Albariño, the most beloved of whites to the Spanis, can also be lovely, but is not as consistent, and pricier.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Obsessed with Rioja and Ribera?</strong>\r\n\r\nRioja still makes up over 50% of the fine wine market and remains the go-to wine for most Spaniards.  I like to call it \"Riojitis\"...which sounds better in Spanish!   Unfortunately a lot of the basic Rioja served at many bars and restaurants in Spain is pretty awful stuff.  So many faces still light up at the word Rioja...even the bad stuff....\r\n\r\nThere are regional variations, but in Madrid, Ribera de Duero has become the more fashionable alternative to Rioja.  Madrid palates have taken to the more robust and oaky wines from the region just to the north.  These wines are generally much more expensive than many Riojas and have become somewhat of a status symbol in the capital as well.  Ribera del Duero reds can be excellent when not suffering from excessive oak but they are often excessively priced as well.    There are less expensive ones of course but it\'s harder to find a tasty good value Ribera....Rioja is easier in that regard.\r\n\r\nI often find it a shame that there is not a better offering of other regions on wine lists in many parts of Spain, except in wine bars or specialized restaurants.  There are so many excellent wines from regions that offer much better value...and there is something to be said for variety.  In Madrid you are often left with two choices:  Ribera or Rioja!\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Spaniards don\'t like wine anymore?</strong>\r\n\r\nA worrisome trend to the wine industry is that continue a decades long trend to drinking less wine. Many factors have affected this decline.   Wine has been replaced by other drinks at Spanish meals and when drunk is often reserved for longer family meals on the weekend.  Stricter drunk driving laws has had a great impact on wine consumption in bars and restaurants.  While wine aficionados have multiplied, many segments of society, especially young people have lost touch with wine as part of Spanish culture.  All of these tendecies are difficult ones to address.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile Spanish wine exports have been growing and thriving, reaching over 40% of appellation level wines.  It\'s become a critical market for wineries as the domestic market shrinks.  Despite tough economic times, overall Spanish wine exports have continued to outperform their neighbors.  Spanish wineries need to continue to find effective ways to compete in an increasingly competitive world market.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Some beautiful things</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> The old, old vines:  what a wonderful wealth of lovely old bush vines that abound....a goldmine!  Though blends used to be the norm, winemakers are now highlighting hese special parcels.  Some extraordinary wines come from these vineyards, including some of my favorite Grenaches</li>\r\n	<li>Great grapes:  love that Mencia, that Garnacha, that Godello! But so many more,:  Prieto Picudo, Callet, Bobal, Cariñena etc.etc. Also some fun stuff with the international varieties</li>\r\n	<li>The leaner terroir wine appearing of late:  though I love and appreciate some of those intense fruit bombs, I have an abiding love for a different more austere type of intensity....and we\'re seeing it more and more with interesting projects all over Spain</li>\r\n	<li>Beautiful, cheap wines in Spanish restaurants and bars:  though I amy complain about the selection...you can\'t beat the prices!  Now that I live in the States....I appreciate them all the more!</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>Some not so beautiful things </strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Still way too many over-oaked wines</li>\r\n	<li>More marketing needed:  Spanish wines still need more exposure.  The government-run organization Wines from Spain tries.....</li>\r\n	<li>New obsession with points by critics...it arrived late in Spain but was inevitable!</li>\r\n	<li>Better enotourism experiences needed in many areas....don\'t want to lose the authenticity, but a little more thoughtfulness and practicality needed</li>\r\n	<li>Not enough recognition for Spanish wines:  the wines deserve more!</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>Love me some Spanish wine!</strong>\r\n\r\nThere is so much to love about Spanish wines.  Everyone can find the style they like to sip or to go with any food:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>A rich variety of red wine styles for every occasion</li>\r\n	<li>Simple, attractive whites for everyday</li>\r\n	<li>The \"new\" whites, complex, mineral, age-worthy</li>\r\n	<li>Delightfully fruity, yet dry rosados</li>\r\n	<li>Fresh, harmonious sparkling cava</li>\r\n	<li>Complex, fascinating, misunderstood sherry</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<div>All of this variety and much more comes at a super reasonable price that few countries, if any, can match.  A bonus is great consistency that comes with relatively little vintage variation.</div>\r\n<div>What\'s not to love?</div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Law\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>EU wine law recognizes two main categories of wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Table wine and quality wine</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain has two levels of table wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vino de mesa:  no region, grapes, or vintage on label</li>\r\n	<li>Vino de la Tierra (VdlT):  equivalent of Vin de Pays in France\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>An officially recognized area but below DO level</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain has four levels of quality wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vinos de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica (VCIG)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>New category: areas must wait five years to ask for DO</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Denominación de Origen (DO).\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Over 70 exist</li>\r\n	<li>Regulated by a consejo regulador (governing body) with detailed rules</li>\r\n	<li>Guarantees origin not always quality</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Denominción de Origen Calificada (DOCa)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>DO must wait ten years to attain</li>\r\n	<li>Only Rioja and Priorat so far: stricter rules</li>\r\n	<li>In reality does not guarentee more quality</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Vino de Pago:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Single estates of exceptional quality</li>\r\n	<li>Must comply at least with DOCa rules</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Aging requirements: national DO law...some regions set stricter limits\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Terms generally appear on front labels</li>\r\n	<li>All have a back sticker with category</li>\r\n	<li>Joven or vino de cosecha:  no oak aging (generally should be drunk from latest vintage)</li>\r\n	<li>Roble:  Seen some oak (no legal requirements)</li>\r\n	<li>In reality categories are mainly seen only on reds</li>\r\n	<li>Many wineries are ignoring traditional categories and have only \"cosecha\" sticker for wines with oak aging</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<a title=\"Crianza table\" href=\"http://www.planetavino.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/crianza-charts.JPG\"><img src=\"http://www.planetavino.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/crianza-charts.JPG\" alt=\"Crianza table\" width=\"539\" height=\"282\" /></a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Regions\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDOCa Rioja\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRioja, Basque Country, Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge area known for red and some whites\r\n\r\nThree sub zones\r\n\r\nRioja Alta and Alavesa\r\n\r\nRioja Baja\r\n\r\nMost densely planted area in Spain\r\n\r\nClassic wine region that led the way\r\n\r\nBrought French influence in 19th century\r\n\r\nMost famous Spanish wine region internationally\r\n\r\nDO created in 1925 (1st)\r\n\r\nDOCa since 1991\r\n\r\n65,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMore than 550 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grape: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nAlso: Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano\r\n\r\nExperimental grape: Cabernet Sauvignon\r\n\r\nSomewhat of an identity crisis\r\n\r\nModern vs traditional\r\n\r\nMild climatological conditions\r\n\r\nAtlantic influence\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla Leon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVery important wine region with five important DOs\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\nDO Cigales\r\n\r\nAlso very important production of Vino de la Tierra de Castilla Leon\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO since 1982\r\n\r\nConsidered to produce some of the finest red wines in Spain\r\n\r\nTrendy and fast-growing areas\r\n\r\nPrices can be quite high\r\n\r\n8,000 ha of vineyards and over 178 wineries.\r\n\r\nGrape variety:  Tinto Fino, a variant of Tempranillo\r\n\r\nClimate: Continental with some Med influences\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nSmall wine region (6000ha) with 36 wineries\r\n\r\nWhite wines from Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc\r\n\r\nCreated in 1980 for whites\r\n\r\nSince 2001 open to reds\r\n\r\nThe wines are attractive modern, cold-fermented whites\r\n\r\nThe climate is wind-swept continental\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nGained fame over last ten years\r\n\r\nPowerful red wines\r\n\r\nSome good value wines, but many more expensive now\r\n\r\nSmall DO created in 1987: 34 wineries\r\n\r\nMain varietal: Tinta de Toro (Tempranillo)\r\n\r\nContinental climate\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\n“Gateway to Galicia”: Currently high profile\r\n\r\nSmall red and white producing area\r\n\r\nDO created in 1988: 39 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grapes: Mencía and Godello\r\n\r\nMild climate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCataluña\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region with 12 DOs with many climatic and geographic variations\r\n\r\n1999: a region DO called DO Cataluña\r\n\r\nStrongest on whites but also great reds\r\n\r\nWidespread use of indigenous varieties\r\n\r\nWidespread use of French varieties\r\n\r\n90% of Cava produced here\r\n\r\nKey in spread of modern equipment and techniques\r\n\r\nAll of the DOs are improving dramatically\r\n\r\nDO Penedés\r\n\r\nImportant DO since 1960:  150 wineries\r\n\r\nImportant innovator in wine\r\n\r\nCenter of Cava production\r\n\r\nAlso elegant whites and reds\r\n\r\nDOCa Priorat\r\n\r\nSmall, exclusive DO since 1954: 26 wineries\r\n\r\nVery expensive wines\r\n\r\nFamous for huge, mineral red wines\r\n\r\nUnique soils: licorella\r\n\r\nUse of Garnacha and Cariñena with French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Montsant\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Priorat…less expensive\r\n\r\nDO Terra Alta\r\n\r\nStill rustic at times…similar potential to Priorat\r\n\r\nDO Alella\r\n\r\nTiny coastal DO: mostly known for whites\r\n\r\nDO Apurdán-Costa Brava\r\n\r\nSmall coastal DO known traditionally for rosados\r\n\r\nDO Concá de Barbera\r\n\r\nMedium size interior DO used as source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Costers de Segre\r\n\r\nSmall interior DO used a source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Plá de Bagés\r\n\r\nTiny interior DO known for crisp whites\r\n\r\nDO Tarragona\r\n\r\nLarge coastal/interior DO makes a wide variety of wines\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla La Mancha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region: one of the biggest in the world\r\n\r\n9 DOs:  more being created\r\n\r\nVery hot region producing Mediterranean style red wines\r\n\r\nVery good value and improving quality\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine still!\r\n\r\nVery good Vinos de la Tierra de Castilla\r\n\r\nAlso several Vinos de Pago\r\n\r\nDO La Mancha\r\n\r\nEnormous DO making good quality wine from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nDO Valdepeñas\r\n\r\nVery large DO making traditional wines from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nOther DOs\r\n\r\nDO Almansa, DO Manchela, DO Méntrida, DO Mondéjar, DO Riber del Júcar\r\n\r\nDO Vinos de Madrid\r\n\r\nNot technically La Mancha, but similar situation and similar wines\r\n\r\nImproving...but best wines are expensive\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n9.  Introduction to Spanish Denominations cont\'d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAragon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge region with 4 DOs\r\n\r\nOne is very high quality, the other three improving rapidly\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine made here\r\n\r\nExcellent climate for high quality wine\r\n\r\nDO Somontano\r\n\r\nSmall, but growing DO with excellent quality\r\n\r\nVery good prices\r\n\r\nElegant, varied wines from indigenous and French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Calatayud\r\n\r\nMedium DO still rustic but interesting old-vine Garnacha and cavas\r\n\r\nDO Cariñena\r\n\r\nLarge DO making lots of jug wine and some interesting old-vine Garnacha\r\n\r\nDO Campo de Borja\r\n\r\nMedium DO with lots of Garnacha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGalicia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMild, wet region known for interesting whites with 5 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Rias Baixas\r\n\r\nTop quality, small DO making whites from Albariño\r\n\r\nHumidity, rain, main challenges\r\n\r\nNo bulk wine allowed\r\n\r\nWines can be pricy\r\n\r\nDO Valdeorras\r\n\r\nHigh quality small DO on border with Leon\r\n\r\nEastern, sheltered location gives more full-bodied whites and reds from Godello and Mencía\r\n\r\nDO Monterei\r\n\r\nHot, sheltered, tiny DO makes mostly reds\r\n\r\nDO Ribeiro\r\n\r\nSmall, coastal DO makes light, spritzy, blended whites\r\n\r\nDO Ribera Sacra\r\n\r\nSmall DO making traditional Galician whites\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNavarra and Basque Country\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nOne large DO and 3 tiny ones\r\n\r\nDO Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge DO making some very good wines: 109 wineries\r\n\r\nUse of a lot of indigenous and foreign grapes\r\n\r\nReputation built on rosés\r\n\r\nNow many more interesting reds and whites\r\n\r\nCross between continental and Atlantic climate\r\n\r\nDO Txacoli\r\n\r\nThree separate DOs: Alava, Getaria, Vizcaya\r\n\r\nMaking vinho verde style wines from local varieties\r\n\r\nHondarribi Zuri and Hondarribi Beltza\r\n\r\nMost are easy-drinking quaffers, but a few more serious wines being made now\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nValencia and Murcia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge jug wine areas now making very interesting wines\r\n\r\nMurcia:  3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Jumilla\r\n\r\nEnormous DO with growing reputation for quality wines\r\n\r\nRed, quality wines based on Monastrell\r\n\r\nInteresting dessert wines\r\n\r\nDO Bullas\r\n\r\nSmall DO with higher altitude makes some interesting reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Yecla\r\n\r\nMedium DO similar to Jumilla\r\n\r\nValencia: 3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Valencia\r\n\r\nLarge DO making mostly insipid whites, but has potential for reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Utiel Requena\r\n\r\nHuge DO making lots of red jug wine\r\n\r\nVery good wines being made from Bobal\r\n\r\nDO Alicante\r\n\r\nLarge DO traditionally know for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNow making good reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nExtremadura\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge DO (Ribera del Guadiana) making mostly jug wines\r\n\r\nGood potential but little results\r\n\r\nBest results in whites, though reds should be better\r\n\r\nMany grapes varieties:  Tempranillo and Garnacha dominate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBalearics\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTiny production\r\n\r\nMost wine made for local tourist consumption\r\n\r\nCheap and cheerful\r\n\r\nSome quality red wine made but quite pricy\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Callet, Fogoneu, Manto Negro\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCanaries\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMedium production made for tourist industry\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Listran and Malvasia\r\n\r\nWhites much better than reds\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAndalucia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMostly fortified wines, but some interesting table wines being made in Malaga and around Granada\r\n\r\nDO Jerez\r\n\r\nLarge DO of 10,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMakes of fortified white wines of many types\r\n\r\nGrapes:\r\n\r\nPalomino for dry sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNon-vintage wines made in criadera and solera systems\r\n\r\nLike cava and champagne\r\n\r\nTo preserve house style\r\n\r\nFinos and Manzanillas\r\n\r\nMade in reductive style under protective \"flor\"\r\n\r\nDry and fresh\r\n\r\nAmontillado\r\n\r\nAged Fino\r\n\r\nHas oxidative notes plus freshness of Fino\r\n\r\nOloroso:\r\n\r\nSolera without flor\r\n\r\nOxidized style:  nutty, brown\r\n\r\nAll start out dry:  some have PX added for sweetness\r\n\r\nPalo Cortado\r\n\r\nRarest style\r\n\r\nCross between Oloroso and Amontillado\r\n\r\nHas flor for short time\r\n\r\nSweet sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX dried to raisins\r\n\r\nUsed as varietal wines and blenders\r\n\r\nDO Montilla Moriles\r\n\r\nVery similar wines to sherry but using PX as base wine\r\n\r\nWhole range from Fino to sweet stickies\r\n\r\nDO Malaga\r\n\r\nFortified dessert wines from Moscatel and PX\r\n\r\nDO Huelva\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Jerez\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDO Cava\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nA style DO, not geographic\r\n\r\nSparkling wine made in Champenoise style\r\n\r\nMostly white, some rosé\r\n\r\nTop sales in world before champagne\r\n\r\nProduced in 160 municipalities\r\n\r\nCataluña:  90% of cava made here\r\n\r\nOther provinces:  Rioja, Valencia, Extremadura, Aragon\r\n\r\nThree traditional grapes:  Macabeo, Parellada, Xarel.lo\r\n\r\nOther grapes:  Chardonnay, Monastrell, Pinot Noir\r\n\r\nTendency:  use of more French varieties\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Spanish Grape Varieties</strong>\r\n\r\nThere is no doubt that the great red grape, Tempranillo,  is king in Spain....it is by far the most important grape variety in terms of quality wine production and respect.  It sometimes seems people would prefer to drink a bad Tempranillo than order another grape variety! Tempranillo is a wonderful variety and offers a great variety of wines depending on the region and the local variant of the grape.  Though considering by many experts a \"noble\" grape\", some also would perhaps criticize Tempranillo for its lack of a distinct personality that shines trough in any terroir.\r\n\r\nTimes are changing and this is a good thing because Spain has some really interesting indigenous varieties other than Tempranillo. Spain does not have the rich diversity of indigenous varieties that is seen in italy or Portugal.  Many varieties were lost or reduced to non-commercial levels after the phyloxera blight at the end of the 19th century.  Much of the replanting was done with easier varietals and eventually with Tempranillo.  Luckily today there is some interest in reviving some of the local obscure varietals.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile some of the great red varieties to watch out for are:  Garnacha (Grenache), Mencia, Bobal, Monastrell (Mourvedre) etc.\r\n\r\nOutstanding white varieties include: Verdejo, Godello, Albariño, Viura, and Palomino\r\n\r\nYou can also find the all usual international grapes planted in Spain and being made into mediocre to very good wine.\r\n\r\nFor more detail on the major indigenous Spanish varietals see <a href=\"http://planetavino.net/newsite/spanish-grape-varieties/\">here</a>...\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Spanish Wine In Brief','','inherit','open','open','','338-revision-23','','','2012-10-21 05:53:20','2012-10-21 05:53:20','',338,'http://planetavino.net/newsite/338-revision-23/',0,'revision','',0),(603,1,'2012-10-21 05:55:00','2012-10-21 05:55:00','Below you\'ll find a brief overview of Spanish wines, including a general introduction, wine law, and grape varieties.  This is the more detailed info for those who are looking for some background.\r\n\r\nI\'ve also created a great practical guide to drinking Spanish wine, the styles, identifying the Spanish wines you like by grape or region, figuring the best values and where you can find them.  To get this useful guide just sign up for my monthly newsletter here.  In my newsletter, I\'ll give you an update on the latest on Spanish wine and food and some top wine picks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>My Top Ten of Spanish wine</strong></h2>\r\n<strong>...or a total simplification of Spanish wine!  ....but useful sometimes...</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ol>\r\n	<li>Super dynamic wine market\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Getting world recognition</li>\r\n	<li>Lots of change in every corner of the country!</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Huge wine producer\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards in the world</li>\r\n	<li>3rd in wine production</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Red wine country\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Some of the top red wines in the world</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Whites wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Attractive, great value…improving rapidly</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>In Spain wines ordered by region, not by grape variety\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>70+ designated wine regions or wine appellations (Denominacion de Origen (DO))</li>\r\n	<li>Most important: Rioja, Ribera del Duero, Priorat</li>\r\n	<li>Many rising stars: Jumilla, Toro, Bierzo, La Mancha etc.</li>\r\n	<li>Aging designations on label: crianza, reserva,  gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Most important grape variety: Tempranillo\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties…but only 20 commercially important today</li>\r\n	<li>More and more international varieties:  Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Chardonnay etc.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spanish people drinking much less but drinking higher quality wine</li>\r\n	<li>Exports very important…40%\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers are:  UK, Germany, U.S.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Tendencies:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Old vines</li>\r\n	<li>Single vineyards/terroir wines</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes and unique indigenous grapes</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Blockbuster wines…High alcohol, super extracted, over-oaked</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Wines to wine points from wine critics (Parker effect), comercial wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less appellation wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less wines in traditional categories such as crianza, reserva and gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Conclusion:  Very high quality, consistency and still excellent prices. Some of the best value wines in the world!</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>A few more details...</strong></h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> Long history of winemaking (3000 years!)</li>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards of any country in the world (15.5%)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Third in world wine production after France and Italy (13%)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Just over 50% of wine production is red\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Around 60% of production is table wine, 40% is quality wine</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>But just 20 of them account for 80% of wine production</li>\r\n	<li>Tempranillo:  most important red grape in terms of quality and quantity</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon on the rise</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Vineyards in all 17 autonomous regions\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>La Mancha: (the greatest surface area of vines in the world)</li>\r\n	<li>Rioja:  most densely planted in Spain</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Classification system for quality wine based on regional wine appellations\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>There are over 70 Denominación de Origen (DO) spread throughout Spain</li>\r\n	<li>DO: wine appellation with strict rules controlling viticulture and wine production</li>\r\n	<li>DO wines often have indication of oak aging:  crianza, reserva, gran reserva</li>\r\n	<li>Other categories of quality wine: DOCA, VCIG, Vino de Pago</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Lesser classifications are now being used for some top wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vino de la Tierra and Vino de Mesa</li>\r\n	<li>Used in areas outside designated DOs</li>\r\n	<li>Also used by some winemakers looking for more flexibility</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Over 40% of Spanish production is exported (increasing)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers in terms of value:  UK, Germany, USA</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain also has amazing cavas, dessert wines, and fortified wines at great values</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>Some opinions (only mine!)</strong></h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Change, change and more change!</strong>\r\n\r\nExciting times as change touches every area of Spain\'s wine industry.  New areas are up and coming and showcasing lesser known varietals, while the better known areas such a Rioja and Ribera del Duero are faced  more competition and forced to produce even better wines.  This healthy competition extends itself to styles: ultra modern, blockbuster styles, traditional styles and more restrained terroir styles must all compete for consumer approval.  Hopefully there is room in the market for the finest examples of all the styles as the diversity only benefits the consumer.\r\n\r\n<strong>A red wine country</strong>\r\n\r\nSpain is known for its red wines and makes some of the finest reds in the world.  It also makes tons of great value, easy drinking reds that consistently deliver.  Why so much talk of reds?  Spain\'s climate lends itself towards reds, but there is an equally important cultural reason for the domination of the color red.  For most spaniards wine is <span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">red </span><span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> and only red.  There is a saying in Spain that the best white is a red!  So the focus for a long time was on reds.  This is changing a bit, but most Spaniards have still not been exposed to top notch whites, or even tried a white with some oak aging!</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<strong>...but don\'t overlook the whites!</strong>\r\n\r\nWinemakers are changing Spain\'s whites with exciting new projects and turning out some remarkable wines, both with and without oak, from some very unique terroir sites.  There are many misses of course,  but the standard is improving all the time.  Meanwhile the simple, un-oaked styles of whites that the Spanish enjoy deserve more respect than they get.  they are consistently fresh, easy to drink, and easy on the pocket.  You just have to know the areas and grape varieties that are more reliable.  For me you can\'t beat the region Rueda with its attractive un-oaked Verdejos for some good everyday value quaffing.  Perhaps that\'s why it the basic bar white in most of Spain!   Albariño, the most beloved of whites to the Spanis, can also be lovely, but is not as consistent, and pricier.\r\n\r\n<strong>Obsessed with Rioja and Ribera?</strong>\r\n\r\nRioja still makes up over 50% of the fine wine market and remains the go-to wine for most Spaniards.  I like to call it \"Riojitis\"...which sounds better in Spanish!   Unfortunately a lot of the basic Rioja served at many bars and restaurants in Spain is pretty awful stuff.  So many faces still light up at the word Rioja...even the bad stuff....\r\n\r\nThere are regional variations, but in Madrid, Ribera de Duero has become the more fashionable alternative to Rioja.  Madrid palates have taken to the more robust and oaky wines from the region just to the north.  These wines are generally much more expensive than many Riojas and have become somewhat of a status symbol in the capital as well.  Ribera del Duero reds can be excellent when not suffering from excessive oak but they are often excessively priced as well.    There are less expensive ones of course but it\'s harder to find a tasty good value Ribera....Rioja is easier in that regard.\r\n\r\nI often find it a shame that there is not a better offering of other regions on wine lists in many parts of Spain, except in wine bars or specialized restaurants.  There are so many excellent wines from regions that offer much better value...and there is something to be said for variety.  In Madrid you are often left with two choices:  Ribera or Rioja!\r\n\r\n<strong>Spaniards don\'t like wine anymore?</strong>\r\n\r\nA worrisome trend to the wine industry is that continue a decades long trend to drinking less wine. Many factors have affected this decline.   Wine has been replaced by other drinks at Spanish meals and when drunk is often reserved for longer family meals on the weekend.  Stricter drunk driving laws has had a great impact on wine consumption in bars and restaurants.  While wine aficionados have multiplied, many segments of society, especially young people have lost touch with wine as part of Spanish culture.  All of these tendecies are difficult ones to address.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile Spanish wine exports have been growing and thriving, reaching over 40% of appellation level wines.  It\'s become a critical market for wineries as the domestic market shrinks.  Despite tough economic times, overall Spanish wine exports have continued to outperform their neighbors.  Spanish wineries need to continue to find effective ways to compete in an increasingly competitive world market.\r\n\r\n<strong>Some beautiful things</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> The old, old vines:  what a wonderful wealth of lovely old bush vines that abound....a goldmine!  Though blends used to be the norm, winemakers are now highlighting hese special parcels.  Some extraordinary wines come from these vineyards, including some of my favorite Grenaches</li>\r\n	<li>Great grapes:  love that Mencia, that Garnacha, that Godello! But so many more,:  Prieto Picudo, Callet, Bobal, Cariñena etc.etc. Also some fun stuff with the international varieties</li>\r\n	<li>The leaner terroir wine appearing of late:  though I love and appreciate some of those intense fruit bombs, I have an abiding love for a different more austere type of intensity....and we\'re seeing it more and more with interesting projects all over Spain</li>\r\n	<li>Beautiful, cheap wines in Spanish restaurants and bars:  though I amy complain about the selection...you can\'t beat the prices!  Now that I live in the States....I appreciate them all the more!</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>Some not so beautiful things </strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Still way too many over-oaked wines</li>\r\n	<li>More marketing needed:  Spanish wines still need more exposure.  The government-run organization Wines from Spain tries.....</li>\r\n	<li>New obsession with points by critics...it arrived late in Spain but was inevitable!</li>\r\n	<li>Better enotourism experiences needed in many areas....don\'t want to lose the authenticity, but a little more thoughtfulness and practicality needed</li>\r\n	<li>Not enough recognition for Spanish wines:  the wines deserve more!</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>Love me some Spanish wine!</strong>\r\n\r\nThere is so much to love about Spanish wines.  Everyone can find the style they like to sip or to go with any food:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>A rich variety of red wine styles for every occasion</li>\r\n	<li>Simple, attractive whites for everyday</li>\r\n	<li>The \"new\" whites, complex, mineral, age-worthy</li>\r\n	<li>Delightfully fruity, yet dry rosados</li>\r\n	<li>Fresh, harmonious sparkling cava</li>\r\n	<li>Complex, fascinating, misunderstood sherry</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<div>All of this variety and much more comes at a super reasonable price that few countries, if any, can match.  A bonus is great consistency that comes with relatively little vintage variation.</div>\r\n<div>What\'s not to love?</div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Law\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>EU wine law recognizes two main categories of wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Table wine and quality wine</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain has two levels of table wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vino de mesa:  no region, grapes, or vintage on label</li>\r\n	<li>Vino de la Tierra (VdlT):  equivalent of Vin de Pays in France\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>An officially recognized area but below DO level</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain has four levels of quality wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vinos de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica (VCIG)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>New category: areas must wait five years to ask for DO</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Denominación de Origen (DO).\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Over 70 exist</li>\r\n	<li>Regulated by a consejo regulador (governing body) with detailed rules</li>\r\n	<li>Guarantees origin not always quality</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Denominción de Origen Calificada (DOCa)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>DO must wait ten years to attain</li>\r\n	<li>Only Rioja and Priorat so far: stricter rules</li>\r\n	<li>In reality does not guarentee more quality</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Vino de Pago:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Single estates of exceptional quality</li>\r\n	<li>Must comply at least with DOCa rules</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Aging requirements: national DO law...some regions set stricter limits\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Terms generally appear on front labels</li>\r\n	<li>All have a back sticker with category</li>\r\n	<li>Joven or vino de cosecha:  no oak aging (generally should be drunk from latest vintage)</li>\r\n	<li>Roble:  Seen some oak (no legal requirements)</li>\r\n	<li>In reality categories are mainly seen only on reds</li>\r\n	<li>Many wineries are ignoring traditional categories and have only \"cosecha\" sticker for wines with oak aging</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<a title=\"Crianza table\" href=\"http://www.planetavino.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/crianza-charts.JPG\"><img src=\"http://www.planetavino.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/crianza-charts.JPG\" alt=\"Crianza table\" width=\"539\" height=\"282\" /></a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpanish Wine Regions\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDOCa Rioja\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRioja, Basque Country, Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge area known for red and some whites\r\n\r\nThree sub zones\r\n\r\nRioja Alta and Alavesa\r\n\r\nRioja Baja\r\n\r\nMost densely planted area in Spain\r\n\r\nClassic wine region that led the way\r\n\r\nBrought French influence in 19th century\r\n\r\nMost famous Spanish wine region internationally\r\n\r\nDO created in 1925 (1st)\r\n\r\nDOCa since 1991\r\n\r\n65,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMore than 550 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grape: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nAlso: Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano\r\n\r\nExperimental grape: Cabernet Sauvignon\r\n\r\nSomewhat of an identity crisis\r\n\r\nModern vs traditional\r\n\r\nMild climatological conditions\r\n\r\nAtlantic influence\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla Leon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVery important wine region with five important DOs\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\nDO Cigales\r\n\r\nAlso very important production of Vino de la Tierra de Castilla Leon\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO since 1982\r\n\r\nConsidered to produce some of the finest red wines in Spain\r\n\r\nTrendy and fast-growing areas\r\n\r\nPrices can be quite high\r\n\r\n8,000 ha of vineyards and over 178 wineries.\r\n\r\nGrape variety:  Tinto Fino, a variant of Tempranillo\r\n\r\nClimate: Continental with some Med influences\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nSmall wine region (6000ha) with 36 wineries\r\n\r\nWhite wines from Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc\r\n\r\nCreated in 1980 for whites\r\n\r\nSince 2001 open to reds\r\n\r\nThe wines are attractive modern, cold-fermented whites\r\n\r\nThe climate is wind-swept continental\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nGained fame over last ten years\r\n\r\nPowerful red wines\r\n\r\nSome good value wines, but many more expensive now\r\n\r\nSmall DO created in 1987: 34 wineries\r\n\r\nMain varietal: Tinta de Toro (Tempranillo)\r\n\r\nContinental climate\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\n“Gateway to Galicia”: Currently high profile\r\n\r\nSmall red and white producing area\r\n\r\nDO created in 1988: 39 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grapes: Mencía and Godello\r\n\r\nMild climate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCataluña\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region with 12 DOs with many climatic and geographic variations\r\n\r\n1999: a region DO called DO Cataluña\r\n\r\nStrongest on whites but also great reds\r\n\r\nWidespread use of indigenous varieties\r\n\r\nWidespread use of French varieties\r\n\r\n90% of Cava produced here\r\n\r\nKey in spread of modern equipment and techniques\r\n\r\nAll of the DOs are improving dramatically\r\n\r\nDO Penedés\r\n\r\nImportant DO since 1960:  150 wineries\r\n\r\nImportant innovator in wine\r\n\r\nCenter of Cava production\r\n\r\nAlso elegant whites and reds\r\n\r\nDOCa Priorat\r\n\r\nSmall, exclusive DO since 1954: 26 wineries\r\n\r\nVery expensive wines\r\n\r\nFamous for huge, mineral red wines\r\n\r\nUnique soils: licorella\r\n\r\nUse of Garnacha and Cariñena with French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Montsant\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Priorat…less expensive\r\n\r\nDO Terra Alta\r\n\r\nStill rustic at times…similar potential to Priorat\r\n\r\nDO Alella\r\n\r\nTiny coastal DO: mostly known for whites\r\n\r\nDO Apurdán-Costa Brava\r\n\r\nSmall coastal DO known traditionally for rosados\r\n\r\nDO Concá de Barbera\r\n\r\nMedium size interior DO used as source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Costers de Segre\r\n\r\nSmall interior DO used a source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Plá de Bagés\r\n\r\nTiny interior DO known for crisp whites\r\n\r\nDO Tarragona\r\n\r\nLarge coastal/interior DO makes a wide variety of wines\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla La Mancha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region: one of the biggest in the world\r\n\r\n9 DOs:  more being created\r\n\r\nVery hot region producing Mediterranean style red wines\r\n\r\nVery good value and improving quality\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine still!\r\n\r\nVery good Vinos de la Tierra de Castilla\r\n\r\nAlso several Vinos de Pago\r\n\r\nDO La Mancha\r\n\r\nEnormous DO making good quality wine from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nDO Valdepeñas\r\n\r\nVery large DO making traditional wines from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nOther DOs\r\n\r\nDO Almansa, DO Manchela, DO Méntrida, DO Mondéjar, DO Riber del Júcar\r\n\r\nDO Vinos de Madrid\r\n\r\nNot technically La Mancha, but similar situation and similar wines\r\n\r\nImproving...but best wines are expensive\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n9.  Introduction to Spanish Denominations cont\'d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAragon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge region with 4 DOs\r\n\r\nOne is very high quality, the other three improving rapidly\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine made here\r\n\r\nExcellent climate for high quality wine\r\n\r\nDO Somontano\r\n\r\nSmall, but growing DO with excellent quality\r\n\r\nVery good prices\r\n\r\nElegant, varied wines from indigenous and French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Calatayud\r\n\r\nMedium DO still rustic but interesting old-vine Garnacha and cavas\r\n\r\nDO Cariñena\r\n\r\nLarge DO making lots of jug wine and some interesting old-vine Garnacha\r\n\r\nDO Campo de Borja\r\n\r\nMedium DO with lots of Garnacha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGalicia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMild, wet region known for interesting whites with 5 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Rias Baixas\r\n\r\nTop quality, small DO making whites from Albariño\r\n\r\nHumidity, rain, main challenges\r\n\r\nNo bulk wine allowed\r\n\r\nWines can be pricy\r\n\r\nDO Valdeorras\r\n\r\nHigh quality small DO on border with Leon\r\n\r\nEastern, sheltered location gives more full-bodied whites and reds from Godello and Mencía\r\n\r\nDO Monterei\r\n\r\nHot, sheltered, tiny DO makes mostly reds\r\n\r\nDO Ribeiro\r\n\r\nSmall, coastal DO makes light, spritzy, blended whites\r\n\r\nDO Ribera Sacra\r\n\r\nSmall DO making traditional Galician whites\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNavarra and Basque Country\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nOne large DO and 3 tiny ones\r\n\r\nDO Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge DO making some very good wines: 109 wineries\r\n\r\nUse of a lot of indigenous and foreign grapes\r\n\r\nReputation built on rosés\r\n\r\nNow many more interesting reds and whites\r\n\r\nCross between continental and Atlantic climate\r\n\r\nDO Txacoli\r\n\r\nThree separate DOs: Alava, Getaria, Vizcaya\r\n\r\nMaking vinho verde style wines from local varieties\r\n\r\nHondarribi Zuri and Hondarribi Beltza\r\n\r\nMost are easy-drinking quaffers, but a few more serious wines being made now\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nValencia and Murcia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge jug wine areas now making very interesting wines\r\n\r\nMurcia:  3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Jumilla\r\n\r\nEnormous DO with growing reputation for quality wines\r\n\r\nRed, quality wines based on Monastrell\r\n\r\nInteresting dessert wines\r\n\r\nDO Bullas\r\n\r\nSmall DO with higher altitude makes some interesting reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Yecla\r\n\r\nMedium DO similar to Jumilla\r\n\r\nValencia: 3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Valencia\r\n\r\nLarge DO making mostly insipid whites, but has potential for reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Utiel Requena\r\n\r\nHuge DO making lots of red jug wine\r\n\r\nVery good wines being made from Bobal\r\n\r\nDO Alicante\r\n\r\nLarge DO traditionally know for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNow making good reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nExtremadura\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge DO (Ribera del Guadiana) making mostly jug wines\r\n\r\nGood potential but little results\r\n\r\nBest results in whites, though reds should be better\r\n\r\nMany grapes varieties:  Tempranillo and Garnacha dominate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBalearics\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTiny production\r\n\r\nMost wine made for local tourist consumption\r\n\r\nCheap and cheerful\r\n\r\nSome quality red wine made but quite pricy\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Callet, Fogoneu, Manto Negro\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCanaries\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMedium production made for tourist industry\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Listran and Malvasia\r\n\r\nWhites much better than reds\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAndalucia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMostly fortified wines, but some interesting table wines being made in Malaga and around Granada\r\n\r\nDO Jerez\r\n\r\nLarge DO of 10,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMakes of fortified white wines of many types\r\n\r\nGrapes:\r\n\r\nPalomino for dry sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNon-vintage wines made in criadera and solera systems\r\n\r\nLike cava and champagne\r\n\r\nTo preserve house style\r\n\r\nFinos and Manzanillas\r\n\r\nMade in reductive style under protective \"flor\"\r\n\r\nDry and fresh\r\n\r\nAmontillado\r\n\r\nAged Fino\r\n\r\nHas oxidative notes plus freshness of Fino\r\n\r\nOloroso:\r\n\r\nSolera without flor\r\n\r\nOxidized style:  nutty, brown\r\n\r\nAll start out dry:  some have PX added for sweetness\r\n\r\nPalo Cortado\r\n\r\nRarest style\r\n\r\nCross between Oloroso and Amontillado\r\n\r\nHas flor for short time\r\n\r\nSweet sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX dried to raisins\r\n\r\nUsed as varietal wines and blenders\r\n\r\nDO Montilla Moriles\r\n\r\nVery similar wines to sherry but using PX as base wine\r\n\r\nWhole range from Fino to sweet stickies\r\n\r\nDO Malaga\r\n\r\nFortified dessert wines from Moscatel and PX\r\n\r\nDO Huelva\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Jerez\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDO Cava\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nA style DO, not geographic\r\n\r\nSparkling wine made in Champenoise style\r\n\r\nMostly white, some rosé\r\n\r\nTop sales in world before champagne\r\n\r\nProduced in 160 municipalities\r\n\r\nCataluña:  90% of cava made here\r\n\r\nOther provinces:  Rioja, Valencia, Extremadura, Aragon\r\n\r\nThree traditional grapes:  Macabeo, Parellada, Xarel.lo\r\n\r\nOther grapes:  Chardonnay, Monastrell, Pinot Noir\r\n\r\nTendency:  use of more French varieties\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Spanish Grape Varieties</strong>\r\n\r\nThere is no doubt that the great red grape, Tempranillo,  is king in Spain....it is by far the most important grape variety in terms of quality wine production and respect.  It sometimes seems people would prefer to drink a bad Tempranillo than order another grape variety! Tempranillo is a wonderful variety and offers a great variety of wines depending on the region and the local variant of the grape.  Though considering by many experts a \"noble\" grape\", some also would perhaps criticize Tempranillo for its lack of a distinct personality that shines trough in any terroir.\r\n\r\nTimes are changing and this is a good thing because Spain has some really interesting indigenous varieties other than Tempranillo. Spain does not have the rich diversity of indigenous varieties that is seen in italy or Portugal.  Many varieties were lost or reduced to non-commercial levels after the phyloxera blight at the end of the 19th century.  Much of the replanting was done with easier varietals and eventually with Tempranillo.  Luckily today there is some interest in reviving some of the local obscure varietals.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile some of the great red varieties to watch out for are:  Garnacha (Grenache), Mencia, Bobal, Monastrell (Mourvedre) etc.\r\n\r\nOutstanding white varieties include: Verdejo, Godello, Albariño, Viura, and Palomino\r\n\r\nYou can also find the all usual international grapes planted in Spain and being made into mediocre to very good wine.\r\n\r\nFor more detail on the major indigenous Spanish varietals see <a href=\"http://planetavino.net/newsite/spanish-grape-varieties/\">here</a>...\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Spanish Wine In Brief','','inherit','open','open','','338-revision-24','','','2012-10-21 05:55:00','2012-10-21 05:55:00','',338,'http://planetavino.net/newsite/338-revision-24/',0,'revision','',0),(604,1,'2012-10-21 05:56:57','2012-10-21 05:56:57','Below you\'ll find a brief overview of Spanish wines, including a general introduction, wine law, and grape varieties.  This is the more detailed info for those who are looking for some background.\r\n\r\nI\'ve also created a great practical guide to drinking Spanish wine, the styles, identifying the Spanish wines you like by grape or region, figuring the best values and where you can find them.  To get this useful guide just sign up for my monthly newsletter here.  In my newsletter, I\'ll give you an update on the latest on Spanish wine and food and some top wine picks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>My Top Ten of Spanish wine</strong></h2>\r\n<strong>...or a total simplification of Spanish wine!  ....but useful sometimes...</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ol>\r\n	<li>Super dynamic wine market\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Getting world recognition</li>\r\n	<li>Lots of change in every corner of the country!</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Huge wine producer\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards in the world</li>\r\n	<li>3rd in wine production</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Red wine country\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Some of the top red wines in the world</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Whites wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Attractive, great value…improving rapidly</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>In Spain wines ordered by region, not by grape variety\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>70+ designated wine regions or wine appellations (Denominacion de Origen (DO))</li>\r\n	<li>Most important: Rioja, Ribera del Duero, Priorat</li>\r\n	<li>Many rising stars: Jumilla, Toro, Bierzo, La Mancha etc.</li>\r\n	<li>Aging designations on label: crianza, reserva,  gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Most important grape variety: Tempranillo\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties…but only 20 commercially important today</li>\r\n	<li>More and more international varieties:  Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Chardonnay etc.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spanish people drinking much less but drinking higher quality wine</li>\r\n	<li>Exports very important…40%\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers are:  UK, Germany, U.S.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Tendencies:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Old vines</li>\r\n	<li>Single vineyards/terroir wines</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes and unique indigenous grapes</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Blockbuster wines…High alcohol, super extracted, over-oaked</li>\r\n	<li>Criticism: Wines to wine points from wine critics (Parker effect), comercial wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less appellation wines</li>\r\n	<li>Less wines in traditional categories such as crianza, reserva and gran reserva</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Conclusion:  Very high quality, consistency and still excellent prices. Some of the best value wines in the world!</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>A few more details...</strong></h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> Long history of winemaking (3000 years!)</li>\r\n	<li>Most vineyards of any country in the world (15.5%)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Third in world wine production after France and Italy (13%)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Just over 50% of wine production is red\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Around 60% of production is table wine, 40% is quality wine</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>More than 600 indigenous grape varieties\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>But just 20 of them account for 80% of wine production</li>\r\n	<li>Tempranillo:  most important red grape in terms of quality and quantity</li>\r\n	<li>International grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon on the rise</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Vineyards in all 17 autonomous regions\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>La Mancha: (the greatest surface area of vines in the world)</li>\r\n	<li>Rioja:  most densely planted in Spain</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Classification system for quality wine based on regional wine appellations\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>There are over 70 Denominación de Origen (DO) spread throughout Spain</li>\r\n	<li>DO: wine appellation with strict rules controlling viticulture and wine production</li>\r\n	<li>DO wines often have indication of oak aging:  crianza, reserva, gran reserva</li>\r\n	<li>Other categories of quality wine: DOCA, VCIG, Vino de Pago</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Lesser classifications are now being used for some top wines\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vino de la Tierra and Vino de Mesa</li>\r\n	<li>Used in areas outside designated DOs</li>\r\n	<li>Also used by some winemakers looking for more flexibility</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Over 40% of Spanish production is exported (increasing)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Top customers in terms of value:  UK, Germany, USA</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain also has amazing cavas, dessert wines, and fortified wines at great values</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>Some opinions (only mine!)</strong></h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Change, change and more change!</strong>\r\n\r\nExciting times as change touches every area of Spain\'s wine industry.  New areas are up and coming and showcasing lesser known varietals, while the better known areas such a Rioja and Ribera del Duero are faced  more competition and forced to produce even better wines.  This healthy competition extends itself to styles: ultra modern, blockbuster styles, traditional styles and more restrained terroir styles must all compete for consumer approval.  Hopefully there is room in the market for the finest examples of all the styles as the diversity only benefits the consumer.\r\n\r\n<strong>A red wine country</strong>\r\n\r\nSpain is known for its red wines and makes some of the finest reds in the world.  It also makes tons of great value, easy drinking reds that consistently deliver.  Why so much talk of reds?  Spain\'s climate lends itself towards reds, but there is an equally important cultural reason for the domination of the color red.  For most spaniards wine is <span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">red </span><span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> and only red.  There is a saying in Spain that the best white is a red!  So the focus for a long time was on reds.  This is changing a bit, but most Spaniards have still not been exposed to top notch whites, or even tried a white with some oak aging!</span></span></span>\r\n\r\n<strong>...but don\'t overlook the whites!</strong>\r\n\r\nWinemakers are changing Spain\'s whites with exciting new projects and turning out some remarkable wines, both with and without oak, from some very unique terroir sites.  There are many misses of course,  but the standard is improving all the time.  Meanwhile the simple, un-oaked styles of whites that the Spanish enjoy deserve more respect than they get.  they are consistently fresh, easy to drink, and easy on the pocket.  You just have to know the areas and grape varieties that are more reliable.  For me you can\'t beat the region Rueda with its attractive un-oaked Verdejos for some good everyday value quaffing.  Perhaps that\'s why it the basic bar white in most of Spain!   Albariño, the most beloved of whites to the Spanis, can also be lovely, but is not as consistent, and pricier.\r\n\r\n<strong>Obsessed with Rioja and Ribera?</strong>\r\n\r\nRioja still makes up over 50% of the fine wine market and remains the go-to wine for most Spaniards.  I like to call it \"Riojitis\"...which sounds better in Spanish!   Unfortunately a lot of the basic Rioja served at many bars and restaurants in Spain is pretty awful stuff.  So many faces still light up at the word Rioja...even the bad stuff....\r\n\r\nThere are regional variations, but in Madrid, Ribera de Duero has become the more fashionable alternative to Rioja.  Madrid palates have taken to the more robust and oaky wines from the region just to the north.  These wines are generally much more expensive than many Riojas and have become somewhat of a status symbol in the capital as well.  Ribera del Duero reds can be excellent when not suffering from excessive oak but they are often excessively priced as well.    There are less expensive ones of course but it\'s harder to find a tasty good value Ribera....Rioja is easier in that regard.\r\n\r\nI often find it a shame that there is not a better offering of other regions on wine lists in many parts of Spain, except in wine bars or specialized restaurants.  There are so many excellent wines from regions that offer much better value...and there is something to be said for variety.  In Madrid you are often left with two choices:  Ribera or Rioja!\r\n\r\n<strong>Spaniards don\'t like wine anymore?</strong>\r\n\r\nA worrisome trend to the wine industry is that continue a decades long trend to drinking less wine. Many factors have affected this decline.   Wine has been replaced by other drinks at Spanish meals and when drunk is often reserved for longer family meals on the weekend.  Stricter drunk driving laws has had a great impact on wine consumption in bars and restaurants.  While wine aficionados have multiplied, many segments of society, especially young people have lost touch with wine as part of Spanish culture.  All of these tendecies are difficult ones to address.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile Spanish wine exports have been growing and thriving, reaching over 40% of appellation level wines.  It\'s become a critical market for wineries as the domestic market shrinks.  Despite tough economic times, overall Spanish wine exports have continued to outperform their neighbors.  Spanish wineries need to continue to find effective ways to compete in an increasingly competitive world market.\r\n\r\n<strong>Some beautiful things</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> The old, old vines:  what a wonderful wealth of lovely old bush vines that abound....a goldmine!  Though blends used to be the norm, winemakers are now highlighting hese special parcels.  Some extraordinary wines come from these vineyards, including some of my favorite Grenaches</li>\r\n	<li>Great grapes:  love that Mencia, that Garnacha, that Godello! But so many more,:  Prieto Picudo, Callet, Bobal, Cariñena etc.etc. Also some fun stuff with the international varieties</li>\r\n	<li>The leaner terroir wine appearing of late:  though I love and appreciate some of those intense fruit bombs, I have an abiding love for a different more austere type of intensity....and we\'re seeing it more and more with interesting projects all over Spain</li>\r\n	<li>Beautiful, cheap wines in Spanish restaurants and bars:  though I amy complain about the selection...you can\'t beat the prices!  Now that I live in the States....I appreciate them all the more!</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>Some not so beautiful things </strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Still way too many over-oaked wines</li>\r\n	<li>More marketing needed:  Spanish wines still need more exposure.  The government-run organization Wines from Spain tries.....</li>\r\n	<li>New obsession with points by critics...it arrived late in Spain but was inevitable!</li>\r\n	<li>Better enotourism experiences needed in many areas....don\'t want to lose the authenticity, but a little more thoughtfulness and practicality needed</li>\r\n	<li>Not enough recognition for Spanish wines:  the wines deserve more!</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>Love me some Spanish wine!</strong>\r\n\r\nThere is so much to love about Spanish wines.  Everyone can find the style they like to sip or to go with any food:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>A rich variety of red wine styles for every occasion</li>\r\n	<li>Simple, attractive whites for everyday</li>\r\n	<li>The \"new\" whites, complex, mineral, age-worthy</li>\r\n	<li>Delightfully fruity, yet dry rosados</li>\r\n	<li>Fresh, harmonious sparkling cava</li>\r\n	<li>Complex, fascinating, misunderstood sherry</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<div>All of this variety and much more comes at a super reasonable price that few countries, if any, can match.  A bonus is great consistency that comes with relatively little vintage variation.</div>\r\n<div>What\'s not to love?</div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<h2><strong>Spanish Wine Law</h2></strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>EU wine law recognizes two main categories of wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Table wine and quality wine</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain has two levels of table wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vino de mesa:  no region, grapes, or vintage on label</li>\r\n	<li>Vino de la Tierra (VdlT):  equivalent of Vin de Pays in France\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>An officially recognized area but below DO level</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Spain has four levels of quality wine:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Vinos de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica (VCIG)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>New category: areas must wait five years to ask for DO</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Denominación de Origen (DO).\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Over 70 exist</li>\r\n	<li>Regulated by a consejo regulador (governing body) with detailed rules</li>\r\n	<li>Guarantees origin not always quality</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Denominción de Origen Calificada (DOCa)\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>DO must wait ten years to attain</li>\r\n	<li>Only Rioja and Priorat so far: stricter rules</li>\r\n	<li>In reality does not guarentee more quality</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Vino de Pago:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Single estates of exceptional quality</li>\r\n	<li>Must comply at least with DOCa rules</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Aging requirements: national DO law...some regions set stricter limits\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Terms generally appear on front labels</li>\r\n	<li>All have a back sticker with category</li>\r\n	<li>Joven or vino de cosecha:  no oak aging (generally should be drunk from latest vintage)</li>\r\n	<li>Roble:  Seen some oak (no legal requirements)</li>\r\n	<li>In reality categories are mainly seen only on reds</li>\r\n	<li>Many wineries are ignoring traditional categories and have only \"cosecha\" sticker for wines with oak aging</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<a title=\"Crianza table\" href=\"http://www.planetavino.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/crianza-charts.JPG\"><img src=\"http://www.planetavino.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/crianza-charts.JPG\" alt=\"Crianza table\" width=\"539\" height=\"282\" /></a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<h2><strong>Spanish Wine Regions</h2></strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDOCa Rioja\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRioja, Basque Country, Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge area known for red and some whites\r\n\r\nThree sub zones\r\n\r\nRioja Alta and Alavesa\r\n\r\nRioja Baja\r\n\r\nMost densely planted area in Spain\r\n\r\nClassic wine region that led the way\r\n\r\nBrought French influence in 19th century\r\n\r\nMost famous Spanish wine region internationally\r\n\r\nDO created in 1925 (1st)\r\n\r\nDOCa since 1991\r\n\r\n65,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMore than 550 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grape: Tempranillo\r\n\r\nAlso: Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano\r\n\r\nExperimental grape: Cabernet Sauvignon\r\n\r\nSomewhat of an identity crisis\r\n\r\nModern vs traditional\r\n\r\nMild climatological conditions\r\n\r\nAtlantic influence\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla Leon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVery important wine region with five important DOs\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\nDO Cigales\r\n\r\nAlso very important production of Vino de la Tierra de Castilla Leon\r\n\r\nDO Ribera del Duero\r\n\r\nDO since 1982\r\n\r\nConsidered to produce some of the finest red wines in Spain\r\n\r\nTrendy and fast-growing areas\r\n\r\nPrices can be quite high\r\n\r\n8,000 ha of vineyards and over 178 wineries.\r\n\r\nGrape variety:  Tinto Fino, a variant of Tempranillo\r\n\r\nClimate: Continental with some Med influences\r\n\r\nDO Rueda\r\n\r\nSmall wine region (6000ha) with 36 wineries\r\n\r\nWhite wines from Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc\r\n\r\nCreated in 1980 for whites\r\n\r\nSince 2001 open to reds\r\n\r\nThe wines are attractive modern, cold-fermented whites\r\n\r\nThe climate is wind-swept continental\r\n\r\nDO Toro\r\n\r\nGained fame over last ten years\r\n\r\nPowerful red wines\r\n\r\nSome good value wines, but many more expensive now\r\n\r\nSmall DO created in 1987: 34 wineries\r\n\r\nMain varietal: Tinta de Toro (Tempranillo)\r\n\r\nContinental climate\r\n\r\nDO Bierzo\r\n\r\n“Gateway to Galicia”: Currently high profile\r\n\r\nSmall red and white producing area\r\n\r\nDO created in 1988: 39 wineries\r\n\r\nMain grapes: Mencía and Godello\r\n\r\nMild climate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCataluña\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region with 12 DOs with many climatic and geographic variations\r\n\r\n1999: a region DO called DO Cataluña\r\n\r\nStrongest on whites but also great reds\r\n\r\nWidespread use of indigenous varieties\r\n\r\nWidespread use of French varieties\r\n\r\n90% of Cava produced here\r\n\r\nKey in spread of modern equipment and techniques\r\n\r\nAll of the DOs are improving dramatically\r\n\r\nDO Penedés\r\n\r\nImportant DO since 1960:  150 wineries\r\n\r\nImportant innovator in wine\r\n\r\nCenter of Cava production\r\n\r\nAlso elegant whites and reds\r\n\r\nDOCa Priorat\r\n\r\nSmall, exclusive DO since 1954: 26 wineries\r\n\r\nVery expensive wines\r\n\r\nFamous for huge, mineral red wines\r\n\r\nUnique soils: licorella\r\n\r\nUse of Garnacha and Cariñena with French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Montsant\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Priorat…less expensive\r\n\r\nDO Terra Alta\r\n\r\nStill rustic at times…similar potential to Priorat\r\n\r\nDO Alella\r\n\r\nTiny coastal DO: mostly known for whites\r\n\r\nDO Apurdán-Costa Brava\r\n\r\nSmall coastal DO known traditionally for rosados\r\n\r\nDO Concá de Barbera\r\n\r\nMedium size interior DO used as source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Costers de Segre\r\n\r\nSmall interior DO used a source for cava wines\r\n\r\nDO Plá de Bagés\r\n\r\nTiny interior DO known for crisp whites\r\n\r\nDO Tarragona\r\n\r\nLarge coastal/interior DO makes a wide variety of wines\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCastilla La Mancha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHuge region: one of the biggest in the world\r\n\r\n9 DOs:  more being created\r\n\r\nVery hot region producing Mediterranean style red wines\r\n\r\nVery good value and improving quality\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine still!\r\n\r\nVery good Vinos de la Tierra de Castilla\r\n\r\nAlso several Vinos de Pago\r\n\r\nDO La Mancha\r\n\r\nEnormous DO making good quality wine from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nDO Valdepeñas\r\n\r\nVery large DO making traditional wines from Tempranillo\r\n\r\nOther DOs\r\n\r\nDO Almansa, DO Manchela, DO Méntrida, DO Mondéjar, DO Riber del Júcar\r\n\r\nDO Vinos de Madrid\r\n\r\nNot technically La Mancha, but similar situation and similar wines\r\n\r\nImproving...but best wines are expensive\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n9.  Introduction to Spanish Denominations cont\'d\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAragon\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge region with 4 DOs\r\n\r\nOne is very high quality, the other three improving rapidly\r\n\r\nLots of jug wine made here\r\n\r\nExcellent climate for high quality wine\r\n\r\nDO Somontano\r\n\r\nSmall, but growing DO with excellent quality\r\n\r\nVery good prices\r\n\r\nElegant, varied wines from indigenous and French varieties\r\n\r\nDO Calatayud\r\n\r\nMedium DO still rustic but interesting old-vine Garnacha and cavas\r\n\r\nDO Cariñena\r\n\r\nLarge DO making lots of jug wine and some interesting old-vine Garnacha\r\n\r\nDO Campo de Borja\r\n\r\nMedium DO with lots of Garnacha\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGalicia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMild, wet region known for interesting whites with 5 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Rias Baixas\r\n\r\nTop quality, small DO making whites from Albariño\r\n\r\nHumidity, rain, main challenges\r\n\r\nNo bulk wine allowed\r\n\r\nWines can be pricy\r\n\r\nDO Valdeorras\r\n\r\nHigh quality small DO on border with Leon\r\n\r\nEastern, sheltered location gives more full-bodied whites and reds from Godello and Mencía\r\n\r\nDO Monterei\r\n\r\nHot, sheltered, tiny DO makes mostly reds\r\n\r\nDO Ribeiro\r\n\r\nSmall, coastal DO makes light, spritzy, blended whites\r\n\r\nDO Ribera Sacra\r\n\r\nSmall DO making traditional Galician whites\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNavarra and Basque Country\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nOne large DO and 3 tiny ones\r\n\r\nDO Navarra\r\n\r\nLarge DO making some very good wines: 109 wineries\r\n\r\nUse of a lot of indigenous and foreign grapes\r\n\r\nReputation built on rosés\r\n\r\nNow many more interesting reds and whites\r\n\r\nCross between continental and Atlantic climate\r\n\r\nDO Txacoli\r\n\r\nThree separate DOs: Alava, Getaria, Vizcaya\r\n\r\nMaking vinho verde style wines from local varieties\r\n\r\nHondarribi Zuri and Hondarribi Beltza\r\n\r\nMost are easy-drinking quaffers, but a few more serious wines being made now\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nValencia and Murcia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge jug wine areas now making very interesting wines\r\n\r\nMurcia:  3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Jumilla\r\n\r\nEnormous DO with growing reputation for quality wines\r\n\r\nRed, quality wines based on Monastrell\r\n\r\nInteresting dessert wines\r\n\r\nDO Bullas\r\n\r\nSmall DO with higher altitude makes some interesting reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Yecla\r\n\r\nMedium DO similar to Jumilla\r\n\r\nValencia: 3 DOs\r\n\r\nDO Valencia\r\n\r\nLarge DO making mostly insipid whites, but has potential for reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\nDO Utiel Requena\r\n\r\nHuge DO making lots of red jug wine\r\n\r\nVery good wines being made from Bobal\r\n\r\nDO Alicante\r\n\r\nLarge DO traditionally know for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNow making good reds from Monastrell\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nExtremadura\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLarge DO (Ribera del Guadiana) making mostly jug wines\r\n\r\nGood potential but little results\r\n\r\nBest results in whites, though reds should be better\r\n\r\nMany grapes varieties:  Tempranillo and Garnacha dominate\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBalearics\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTiny production\r\n\r\nMost wine made for local tourist consumption\r\n\r\nCheap and cheerful\r\n\r\nSome quality red wine made but quite pricy\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Callet, Fogoneu, Manto Negro\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCanaries\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMedium production made for tourist industry\r\n\r\nLocal varieties such as Listran and Malvasia\r\n\r\nWhites much better than reds\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAndalucia\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMostly fortified wines, but some interesting table wines being made in Malaga and around Granada\r\n\r\nDO Jerez\r\n\r\nLarge DO of 10,000 hectares\r\n\r\nMakes of fortified white wines of many types\r\n\r\nGrapes:\r\n\r\nPalomino for dry sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX for sweet wines\r\n\r\nNon-vintage wines made in criadera and solera systems\r\n\r\nLike cava and champagne\r\n\r\nTo preserve house style\r\n\r\nFinos and Manzanillas\r\n\r\nMade in reductive style under protective \"flor\"\r\n\r\nDry and fresh\r\n\r\nAmontillado\r\n\r\nAged Fino\r\n\r\nHas oxidative notes plus freshness of Fino\r\n\r\nOloroso:\r\n\r\nSolera without flor\r\n\r\nOxidized style:  nutty, brown\r\n\r\nAll start out dry:  some have PX added for sweetness\r\n\r\nPalo Cortado\r\n\r\nRarest style\r\n\r\nCross between Oloroso and Amontillado\r\n\r\nHas flor for short time\r\n\r\nSweet sherries\r\n\r\nMoscatel and PX dried to raisins\r\n\r\nUsed as varietal wines and blenders\r\n\r\nDO Montilla Moriles\r\n\r\nVery similar wines to sherry but using PX as base wine\r\n\r\nWhole range from Fino to sweet stickies\r\n\r\nDO Malaga\r\n\r\nFortified dessert wines from Moscatel and PX\r\n\r\nDO Huelva\r\n\r\nSimilar wines to Jerez\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDO Cava\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nA style DO, not geographic\r\n\r\nSparkling wine made in Champenoise style\r\n\r\nMostly white, some rosé\r\n\r\nTop sales in world before champagne\r\n\r\nProduced in 160 municipalities\r\n\r\nCataluña:  90% of cava made here\r\n\r\nOther provinces:  Rioja, Valencia, Extremadura, Aragon\r\n\r\nThree traditional grapes:  Macabeo, Parellada, Xarel.lo\r\n\r\nOther grapes:  Chardonnay, Monastrell, Pinot Noir\r\n\r\nTendency:  use of more French varieties\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Spanish Grape Varieties</strong>\r\n\r\nThere is no doubt that the great red grape, Tempranillo,  is king in Spain....it is by far the most important grape variety in terms of quality wine production and respect.  It sometimes seems people would prefer to drink a bad Tempranillo than order another grape variety! Tempranillo is a wonderful variety and offers a great variety of wines depending on the region and the local variant of the grape.  Though considering by many experts a \"noble\" grape\", some also would perhaps criticize Tempranillo for its lack of a distinct personality that shines trough in any terroir.\r\n\r\nTimes are changing and this is a good thing because Spain has some really interesting indigenous varieties other than Tempranillo. Spain does not have the rich diversity of indigenous varieties that is seen in italy or Portugal.  Many varieties were lost or reduced to non-commercial levels after the phyloxera blight at the end of the 19th century.  Much of the replanting was done with easier varietals and eventually with Tempranillo.  Luckily today there is some interest in reviving some of the local obscure varietals.\r\n\r\nMeanwhile some of the great red varieties to watch out for are:  Garnacha (Grenache), Mencia, Bobal, Monastrell (Mourvedre) etc.\r\n\r\nOutstanding white varieties include: Verdejo, Godello, Albariño, Viura, and Palomino\r\n\r\nYou can also find the all usual international grapes planted in Spain and being made into mediocre to very good wine.\r\n\r\nFor more detail on the major indigenous Spanish varietals see <a href=\"http://planetavino.net/newsite/spanish-grape-varieties/\">here</a>...\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Spanish Wine In Brief','','inherit','open','open','','338-revision-25','','','2012-10-21 05:56:57','2012-10-21 05:56:57','',338,'http://planetavino.net/newsite/338-revision-25/',0,'revision','',0),(606,1,'2012-10-21 06:09:47','2012-10-21 06:09:47','<h2><strong>Rioja</strong></h2>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThe Denominacion de Origen (DO) is located in Rioja, Basque Country, Navarra\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Large area known for red and some whites</li>\r\n	<li>Three sub zones: Alta,  Alavesa, and Baja</li>\r\n	<li>Most densely planted area in Spain</li>\r\n	<li>Classic wine region that led the way\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Brought French influence in 19th century</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Most famous Spanish wine region internationally</li>\r\n	<li>DO created in 1925 (1st)</li>\r\n	<li>DOCa since 1991</li>\r\n	<li>65,000 hectares</li>\r\n	<li>More than 600 wineries</li>\r\n	<li>Main grape: Tempranillo</li>\r\n	<li>Also: Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano</li>\r\n	<li>Experimental grape: Cabernet Sauvignon</li>\r\n	<li>Mild climatological conditions: Atlantic influence</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nAssessment:  huge player in industry.  Lots of mediocre wine though good value and good quality wines abound. Somewhat of a stylistic identity crisis as the older traditional styles are pitted against the more modern styles that have become more popular.  Large range of styles without label indication can lead to confusion amongst consumers.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>Castilla Leon</strong></h2>\r\nHuge area with five important DOs\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>DO Ribera del Duero</li>\r\n	<li>DO Rueda</li>\r\n	<li>DO Toro</li>\r\n	<li>DO Bierzo</li>\r\n	<li>DO Cigales</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nAlso very important is the production of Vino de la Tierra de Castilla Leon\r\n\r\n<strong>DO Ribera del Duero</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>DO since 1982</li>\r\n	<li>Considered to produce some of the finest red wines in Spain</li>\r\n	<li>Trendy and fast-growing areas</li>\r\n	<li>Prices can be quite high</li>\r\n	<li>Wines can be over-oaked</li>\r\n	<li>8,000 ha of vineyards and over 200 wineries.</li>\r\n	<li>Main grape variety:  Tinto Fino, a variant of Tempranillo</li>\r\n	<li>Climate: Continental with some Med influences</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<div>Very popular, especially in Madrid.  Climate gives very intense wines with great fruit and tannins...current trends in wine-making as led to some excessive oaking practices.  Can be very pricy and not always good value, but with careful selection, these are outstanding wines.</div>\r\n<strong>DO Rueda</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Small wine region (6000ha) with 36 wineries</li>\r\n	<li>White wines from Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc</li>\r\n	<li>Created in 1980 for whites</li>\r\n	<li>Since 2001 open to reds (but few if any)</li>\r\n	<li>The wines are attractive modern, cold-fermented whites, usually un-oaked</li>\r\n	<li>Now a percentage are barrel fermented</li>\r\n	<li>The climate is wind-swept continental</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<div>Fantastic value whites that are ubiquitous throughout Spain.  Very consistent. at all price points.  Some of the oaked one can be over-oaked but that has been better in recent years.  The un-oaked ones are unbelievable value for money.</div>\r\n<strong>DO Toro</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Gained fame over last ten years</li>\r\n	<li>Powerful red wines with big tannins and fruit</li>\r\n	<li>Some good value wines, but many more expensive now</li>\r\n	<li>Small DO created in 1987: 34 wineries</li>\r\n	<li>Main varietal: Tinta de Toro (Tempranillo)</li>\r\n	<li>Extreme continental climate</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<div>Super intense wines...like Ribera, but more so.  Better value than Ribera del Duero for those who like them.</div>\r\n<strong>DO Bierzo</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>“Gateway to Galicia”: Currently high profile</li>\r\n	<li>Small red and white producing area</li>\r\n	<li>DO created in 1988: 39 wineries</li>\r\n	<li>Main grapes: Mencía (red) and Godello (white)</li>\r\n	<li>Mild climate</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<div>Excellent reds form Mencia and whites from Godello.  Can be good value though prices have risen due to recent popularity and small production.</div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>Cataluña</strong></h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Huge region with 12 DOs with many climatic and geographic variations</li>\r\n	<li>1999: a regional DO called DO Cataluña</li>\r\n	<li>Strongest on whites but also great reds</li>\r\n	<li>Widespread use of indigenous varieties</li>\r\n	<li>Widespread use of international varieties</li>\r\n	<li>90% of Cava produced here</li>\r\n	<li>Key in spread of modern equipment and techniques</li>\r\n	<li>All of the DOs are improving dramatically</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<div>Great wines!  Can be pricy compared to other Spanish regions.</div>\r\n<strong>DO Penedés</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Important DO since 1960:  150 wineries</li>\r\n	<li>Important innovator in wine</li>\r\n	<li>Center of Cava production</li>\r\n	<li>Also elegant whites and reds</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DOCa Priorat</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Small, exclusive DO since 1954: 26 wineries</li>\r\n	<li>Very expensive wines</li>\r\n	<li>Crisis times hav eled to some more reasonably priced entry-level wines</li>\r\n	<li>Famous for huge, mineral red wines:  very distinctive aromas</li>\r\n	<li>Unique slate soils: licorella</li>\r\n	<li>Use of Garnacha and Cariñena with French varieties</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO Montsant</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Best wine similar wines to Priorat…less expensive</li>\r\n	<li>Lesser wines are lighter style</li>\r\n	<li>Can be excellent value</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO Terra Alta</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Still rustic at times…similar potential to Priorat or Montsant</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO Alella</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Tiny coastal DO: mostly known for whites</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO Apurdán-Costa Brava</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Small coastal DO known traditionally for rosados</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO Concá de Barbera</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Medium size interior DO used as source for cava wines</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO Costers de Segre</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Small interior DO used a source for cava wines</li>\r\n	<li>Dominated by one big producer:  Raimat</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO Plá de Bagés</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Tiny interior DO known for crisp whites</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO Tarragona</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Large coastal/interior DO makes a wide variety of wines</li>\r\n	<li>Big range in quality</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>Castilla La Mancha</strong></h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> Huge region: one of the biggest in the world</li>\r\n	<li>8 DOs:  more being created</li>\r\n	<li>8 Vinos de Pago or single estate appellations</li>\r\n	<li>Very hot region producing Mediterranean style red wines</li>\r\n	<li>Very good value and improving quality</li>\r\n	<li>Lots of jug wine still!</li>\r\n	<li>Very good regional wine category Vinos de la Tierra de Castilla</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO La Mancha</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Enormous DO making some good quality wine from Tempranillo</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO Valdepeñas</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Very large DO making traditional wines from Tempranillo</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>Other DOs</strong>\r\n\r\nDO Almansa, DO Manchela, DO Méntrida, DO Mondéjar, DO Riber del Júcar\r\n\r\n<strong>DO Vinos de Madrid</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Not technically La Mancha, but similar climate and similar wines</li>\r\n	<li>Improving rapidly</li>\r\n	<li>Best wines are expensive due to demand and small production</li>\r\n	<li>Some interesting old vine vineyards</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>Aragon</strong></h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> Large region with 4 DOs</li>\r\n	<li>One is very high quality, the other three improving rapidly</li>\r\n	<li>Lots of jug wine still made here</li>\r\n	<li>Excellent climate for high quality wine</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO Somontano</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Small, but growing DO with excellent quality</li>\r\n	<li>Rising prices</li>\r\n	<li>Elegant, racy wines from indigenous and especially international varieties</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO Calatayud</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Medium DO still rustic but interesting old-vine Garnacha and cavas</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO Cariñena</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Large DO making lots of jug wine and some interesting old-vine Garnacha</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO Campo de Borja</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Medium DO with lots of old-vine Garnacha</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>Galicia</strong></h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> Mild, wet region known for interesting whites and increasingly, reds</li>\r\n	<li> 5 DOs</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO Rias Baixas</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Good quality, small DO making whites from Albariño</li>\r\n	<li>Humidity, rain, main challenges</li>\r\n	<li>No bulk wine allowed (sign of quality)</li>\r\n	<li>Wines can be pricy and quality can vary</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO Valdeorras</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>High quality small DO on border with Leon</li>\r\n	<li>Eastern, sheltered location gives more full-bodied whites and reds from Godello and Mencía</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO Monterei</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Hot, sheltered, tiny DO makes mostly reds</li>\r\n	<li>Improving rapidly</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO Ribeiro</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Small, coastal DO makes light, spritzy, blended whites</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO Ribera Sacra</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Small DO making traditional Galician whites</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>Navarra and Basque Country</strong></h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> One large DO and 3 tiny ones</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO Navarra</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Large DO making some very good wines: 109 wineries</li>\r\n	<li>Use of a lot of indigenous and foreign grapes</li>\r\n	<li>Reputation built on rosés</li>\r\n	<li>Now many more interesting reds and whites</li>\r\n	<li>Cross between continental and Atlantic climate</li>\r\n	<li>Huge variety of styles can lead to confusion</li>\r\n	<li>Excellent prices for very good wines</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO Txacoli</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Three separate DOs: Alava, Getaria, Vizcaya</li>\r\n	<li>Making vinho verde-style wines from local varieties</li>\r\n	<li>Hondarribi Zuri and Hondarribi Beltza</li>\r\n	<li>Most are easy-drinking quaffers, but a few more serious wines being made now</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>Valencia and Murcia</strong></h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Large jug wine areas now making very interesting wines</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2>Murcia:</h2>\r\n3 DOs\r\n\r\n<strong>DO Jumilla</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Enormous DO with growing reputation for quality wines</li>\r\n	<li>Red, quality wines based on Monastrell</li>\r\n	<li>Lots of other varietals represented</li>\r\n	<li>Interesting dessert wines</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO Bullas</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Small DO with higher altitude makes some interesting reds from Monastrell</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO Yecla</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Medium DO similar to Jumilla</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2>Valencia:</h2>\r\n3 DOs\r\n\r\n<strong>DO Valencia</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Large DO making mostly insipid whites, but has potential for reds from Monastrell</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO Utiel Requena</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Huge DO making lots of red jug wine</li>\r\n	<li>Very good red wines being made from Bobal</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO Alicante</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Large DO traditionally know for sweet wines</li>\r\n	<li>Now making good reds from Monastrell</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>Extremadura</strong></h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> Large DO (Ribera del Guadiana) making mostly jug wines</li>\r\n	<li>Good potential but little results</li>\r\n	<li>Best results in whites, though reds should be better</li>\r\n	<li>Many grapes varieties:  Tempranillo and Garnacha dominate</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>Balearic Islands</strong></h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> Tiny production</li>\r\n	<li>Most wine made for local tourist consumption\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Cheap and cheerful!</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Some quality red wine made but quite pricy</li>\r\n	<li>Local varieties such as Callet, Fogoneu, Manto Negro are very interesting</li>\r\n	<li>Best wines are remarkably elegant and fresh considering hot climate</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>Canaries</strong></h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Medium production made for tourist industry</li>\r\n	<li>Local varieties such as Listan negra y Blanca and Malvasia</li>\r\n	<li>Whites much better than reds, but reds improving</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>Andalucia</strong></h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Mostly fortified wines, but some interesting table wines being made in Malaga and around Granada</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO Jerez</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Large DO of 10,000 hectares</li>\r\n	<li>Makes of fortified white wines of in 15 styles, mostly dry</li>\r\n	<li>Grapes:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Palomino for dry sherries</li>\r\n	<li>Moscatel and PX for sweet wines</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Non-vintage wines made in criadera and solera systems, fractional blending system\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Like cava and champagne</li>\r\n	<li>To preserve house style</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Finos and Manzanillas\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Made in reductive style under protective \"flor\"</li>\r\n	<li>Dry and fresh</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Amontillado\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Aged Fino</li>\r\n	<li>Has oxidative notes plus freshness of Fino</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Oloroso:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Solera without flor</li>\r\n	<li>Oxidized style:  nutty, brown</li>\r\n	<li>All start out dry:  some have PX added for sweetness</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Palo Cortado\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Rarest style</li>\r\n	<li>Cross between Oloroso and Amontillado</li>\r\n	<li>Has flor for short time</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n	<li>Sweet sherries\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Moscatel and PX dried to raisins</li>\r\n	<li>Used as varietal wines and blenders</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO Montilla Moriles</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Very similar wines to sherry but using PX as base wine</li>\r\n	<li>Whole range from Fino to sweet stickies</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO Malaga/Sierras de Malaga</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Fortified dessert wines from Moscatel and PX</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>DO Huelva</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Similar wines to Jerez</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><strong>Cava</strong></h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> A style DO, not geographic</li>\r\n	<li>Sparkling wine made in Champenoise style</li>\r\n	<li>Mostly white, some rosé</li>\r\n	<li>Second in sales in world after champagne</li>\r\n	<li>Cataluña:  90% of cava made here</li>\r\n	<li>Other provinces:  Rioja, Valencia, Extremadura, Aragon</li>\r\n	<li>Three traditional grapes:  Macabeo, Parellada, Xarel.lo</li>\r\n	<li>Other grapes:  Chardonnay, Monastrell, Pinot Noir</li>\r\n	<li>Tendency:  use of more French varieties</li>\r\n	<li>Minmum aging over lees before disgorgement: 9 months</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<div></div>','Spanish Wine Regions','','publish','open','open','','spanish-wine-regions','','','2012-10-22 04:22:25','2012-10-22 04:22:25','',0,'http://planetavino.net/newsite/?page_id=606',0,'page','',0),