Lots of very low quantity items get started with labels printed on workplace products and hand applied to each and every PCB ahead of or immediately after assembly. Since the products volumes ramp the trustworthiness and cost of hand applying labels results in being a difficulty. Automated techniques that print and apply labels can be found. (see this web site ) As a result of PCB room constraints these techniques should spot labels incredibly precisely, a big issue for many label software techniques. The labels aren't long term. At high volumes the labels tend to be more high-priced than other marking strategies.