(3487,77,'2013-10-14 21:50:26','2013-10-15 03:50:26','<strong>\n</strong>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/TCP.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3488 aligncenter\" alt=\"TCP\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/TCP-198x300.jpg\" width=\"215\" height=\"300\" /></a></p>\n&nbsp;\n\n<strong> Li Ruzhen’s Flowers in the Mirror</strong>\n\n<b id=\"docs-internal-guid-492ed293-ba2c-a613-71b5-778223bf3d4d\"><a href=\"http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2503277\">http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2503277</a></b>\n\nBy: Gargi Dave\n\n&nbsp;\n\nLi Ju-Chen, (as known as Li Ruzhen), (1763-1830) was an author known to write novels of fantasy with feminist perception, although a few of his works such as: his treatise on phonology <i>Yin</i><i>‐</i><i>chien, </i>a chess handbook <i>Shou</i><i>‐</i><i>tzu p\'u</i>, were not published due to it being lost, Ruzhen’s most important book written was his 1828 novel, <i>Flowers in the Mirror. </i>According to web source, eNotes, “Through his novel, he attempted to reconcile classical Confucianism with Neo-Confucianism and meld traditional values and aesthetics with modern ideas. Li Ruzhen is remembered today as an erudite social critic and early feminist.” <i>Flowers in the Mirror</i> definitely depicted a fantasy Ruzhen had, creating a world where women of China played the role of men; working, taking care of the financial status of the family, going to school and making a career, while the men wore women’s clothing and taking care of the children playing the role of a woman. Ruzhen’s views completely shocked readers in this 100 chapter novel. Li Ruzhen established his knowledge and opinion on how women and men should be equal instead of having gender roles, and he also expresses, “criticism of the education and examination systems in China” (web source enotes) in <i>Flowers in the Mirror</i>, and due to his boldness and adventurous dare to write such a feminist book, <i>Flowers in the Mirror</i> should be protected and also read for future generations to come.<!--more-->\n\nThis classic novel that Ruzhen worked on for over a decade became a book of no classification. This feminist book was set in the Tang Dynasty with the ruler Empress Wu Zetian who overruled her brother’s shine to the throne, and decided to do things her way and demanded impossible tasks. As one of the tasks, she commands the flower spirits to allow the flowers upon the earth to bloom the very next day, which was unimaginable and impossible. But, the flower spirits did so and they were taken out of Heaven and put onto the earth as punishment from the Gods and at the end of their compensation, they will be allowed back into the Heavens. The Fairy of a Hundred Flowers’ father, Tang Ao, gets knocked down from his high rank to the lowest rank possible by the Empress. She suspects he has plotted against her will, and due to that, he gives up the animosity of the mortal life and transforms himself to an immortal being. Tang Ao decides to embark upon a journey with his brother-in-law, Merchant Lin, because he was told by a dream spirit that his afterlife was somewhere afar. During his adventurous quest he embarked upon, he came upon many flower spirits and accompanied them with their troubles, and during this journey he vanished into the mountain of Little Penglai. During his wandering, he visited the many countries as stated in web source “Readtiger”: “Country of Gentlemen, the Country of Women, the Country of Intestineless People, the Country of Sexless People, and the Country of Two-Faced People and many more” (websource). Towards the end of this novel, the Fairy of a Hundred Flowers searches for her father out into Little Penlai, and the many flower spirits with their husbands and brothers gather and throw the Empress out from her throne, and reinstate Emperor Tang Chung-tsung to his rightful throne. Ruzhen calls the Empress a “King” explaining the fact that she is ruler, and although she is a woman, she can also be defined as a “King”.\n\nDuring the time of when <em>Flowers in the Mirror</em> was written, there were many women writers who published letters and books explaining the problem women have with their unequal rights compared to men. This work was not typical of its era, because during this time period, all women were subjected to their men and their own vanity. Women had no voice, and also weren’t in their own control. There were many other feminists during this time such as Abigail Adams, Anna Wheeler, Frances Wright and others. They all similarly wrote about the social order in communities and how inequality was a major issue for women in society. The drive for these feminists to voice their opinions were very opinionated and very open due to the fact that they wanted to be a part of a change where women and men can altogether live equally. There were no laws of equal rights between men and women, but the feminists during the 18th century surely voiced their full on opinions about the issue.\n\nThis specific piece of work is definitely unusual for its time. Ruzhen was an opinionated man with a big heart to prove his ideas about empowered women and strived to prove his point about women being as equal as men, and also how women and men can play each other’s roles with the execution of society’s role as women only being subjects of vanity. In writing <i>Flowers in the Mirror,</i> Ruzhen was simply implying for society to treat both genders equally. After writing this novel for about 15 years, Ruzhen accomplished getting his point across with his vision in this fantasy novel and in web source “Readtiger”, “When Li writes about the different countries he is giving his aspirations for an ideal society. The novel is full of fantasy which shows the author\'s unique vision of life” (websource). During this time period of the 1800’s, women were seen as subjects of vanity and played the role of beauty and being a housewife. Society was the complete opposite of how Ruzhen fantasized society to be in his novel. This novel completely cracked the typical gender role played in reality. Throughout this book, the author indirectly states how women are able to do the tasks of men as well and easily as men are able to do the same.\n\n<i>          Flowers in the Mirror</i> was received as a “miscellaneous novel” at this time due to the mixture of genre’s in the novel (websource). There was much controversy in his reason of writing <i>Flowers in the Mirror</i> because in Ruzhen’s version of <i>Utopia </i>there was complete equality for men so therefore, “<i>Flowers in the Mirror</i> does not represent a completely revolutionary vision” (websource.enotes). His ideas inside<i> Flowers in the Mirror</i> did not give complete equality for women due to Utopia being a world for the equalness for all men. Otherwise, Ruzhen’s feminist approach was received fairly well. He introduced a “new world” during a time where women and men weren’t equal, and his approach gave many scholars new ideas and thoughts about a world where women could be just as equal as men.\n\nToday, many people have the same perception of <i>Flowers in the Mirror </i>back then compared to today. Editor Lynn M. Scott states, “Criticism of Li Ju‐chen\'s work is confined to the<i> Flowers in the Mirror </i>and addresses three main issues in the novel: the breadth of learning Li Ju‐chen demonstrates in the text; his criticism of the education and examination systems of China; and his denunciation of harmful and discriminatory practices against women.” People were shocked during the 1800’s as well as today, due to this book (websource.enotes). Li Ruzhen is known as one of the most feminist writers with a very narrow perception of society. Many people today, though, accept the author’s views on equality for women because today, there is complete equality for men and women. The only aspect which scholars see to be unusual is that a very knowledgeable man (Ruzhen) during this time in China has complete passion for equality among every individual in society, including men and women.\n\nMy personal reaction was uttered disbelief that a man living in Beijing during the 1800’s, a time where there is complete social order among society pertaining to the rights of men and women, wrote a novel about society needing to give entire equal rights to women in China. There are many different sections in this novel, but the one that sticks out to me is the gender roles and the different countries Ruzhen fantasized about in his work. I admire that he wrote this book in reference to his own opinion, and he sticks to his beliefs about full equality among members of society. The story of the Empress ruling the nation is impressive in my opinion, especially the part of the story where Ruzhen refers Empress Wu Zetian as “King”, that comparison shows that a woman in society can also play the role of a man or a “King”. Despite the fact that in the story, the Empress is thrown out of her own power as “King”, the story still gives readers today a new aspect of how back then, there were people who voiced their opinions on huge ordeals such as equality among society.\n\n<i>Flowers in the Mirror </i>compares to many works from generations of feminists, and only a handful during the 18th century. Rhuzen’s novel specifically compares to one particular work, the letters sent back and forth between Abigail Adams and her husband John Adams during the late 17th century, early 18th century. The few letters that Abigail sent to her husband declared that she had heard John declare independence, and she would like for him to add women’s equal rights to the “new code of laws” (websource). Abigail Adams claims a rebellion if the law isn’t passed to include the women into equal rights, such as  having a voice or any sort of representation in lawmaking or in general society, as it claims in the letters she wrote. In the letters, she voices her stern opinion on how husbands are trying to have complete control and protection over their wives, and also, how women need to be able to start being a part of the decision making process in general decisions. Abigail indirectly argues with her husband that he is being barbaric and arrogant towards the women of society by not taking what she has to say about equality among women and men seriously, but still her last stern letter proves why there should be outright equality and freedom amidst all women and men of civilization.\n\nThe letters of Abigail Adams and <i>Flowers in the Mirror </i>are similar in many ways, such as both Ruzhen and Abigail are unconditionally blunt and direct about their feelings about equality with both genders amid commonality. Regardless of John Adams response to his wife, Abigail nonetheless, still makes a stand to what she believes in, that is women having a voice when it comes to making decisions, and for there to be ultimate freedom between all people. Ruzhen’s fantasy shows his passion for an equal society when he names the different countries as they are in the <i>Flowers in the Mirror. </i>And also his will to push out his opinion on equality among men and women. Li Ruzhen and Abigail Adams was only a couple out of the many civilian feminists who had an opinion about freedom and equality for women.\n\nThe novel, <i>Flowers in the Mirror </i>is a powerful approach to changing society back in the 18th century, and also authoritative today seeing as there is complete, and full freedom and equality of the men and women today. This paramount piece of work should be restored for many generations to come because of its classic feminist entrance to a world that we live in today. Writers such as Li Ruzhen helped and pushed society become equal and as free-spirited as it is today.\n\n<strong>                                                                                                 Works Cited</strong>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n\"Introduction\" <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Nineteenth-Century Literary Criticism</span> Ed. Lynn M. Zott. Vol. 134. Gale Cengage 2004 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">eNotes.com</span> 14 Oct, 2013\n\n<b>This website gave me so much information about the author and his background, and more so the views and criticism that many scholars had pertaining to this novel. This is an amazing source to find the meaning of the true message of the book.</b>\n\n<b> </b>\n\n<i>LETTERS BETWEEN ABIGAIL ADAMS AND HER HUSBAND JOHN ADAMS</i>. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013.\n\n<b>This was definitely my favorite source. It extremely helped out with my understanding of other feminists and their views on inequality. It gave me a piece of history that I did not know before, and know now. </b>\n\n<b> </b>\n\nN.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. &lt;http://readtiger.com/wkp/en/Flowers_in_the_Mirror&gt;.\n\n<b>This is where I found a clear and thorough view of the book. Also, a good source to know exactly what the main story is about from beginning to end.</b>\n\n&nbsp;\n\nN.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. &lt;<a href=\"http://www.qesign.com/offer.php?x=Li_Ruzhen\">http://www.qesign.com/offer.php?x=Li_Ruzhen</a>&gt;.\n\n<b>This source gave me an excellent understanding of the author and his ideas. It completely gave me an inside scoop of the authors thoughts, and how it is to feel like a true feminist back in the 18th century.</b>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n<i>The Women\'s Review of Books</i> , Vol. 9, No. 9 (Jun., 1992), pp. 14-15\n\n<b>This source was an incredible find because it showed a full list of feminists of the 18th century who voiced their opinions on inequality. Also, it answered many questions I had pertaining to the life lived by 18th century women.</b>\n\n&nbsp;','DaveGargi-TCP2 Flowers in the Mirror','','inherit','open','open','','3483-autosave-v1','','','2013-10-14 21:50:26','2013-10-15 03:50:26','',3483,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3487',0,'revision','',0),(3488,77,'2013-10-14 15:30:40','2013-10-14 21:30:40','','TCP','','inherit','open','open','','tcp','','','2013-10-14 15:30:40','2013-10-14 21:30:40','',3483,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/TCP.jpg',0,'attachment','image/jpeg',0),(3491,74,'2013-10-14 16:37:30','2013-10-14 22:37:30','[caption id=\"attachment_3405\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"284\"]<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/fie23976_21025.png\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3405\" alt=\"fie23976_21025\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/fie23976_21025-284x300.png\" width=\"284\" height=\"300\" /></a> Xu Yang, <em>Bird\'s Eye View of the Capital</em> http://textflow.mcgraw-hill.com//figures/0077346181/fie23976_21025.png[/caption]\r\n\r\nThe Forbidden City \"was the most elaborate imperial monument of the Ming and Qing eras\" (Fiero). Once the Ming court settled it in 1421, it remained a cornerstone of Chinese government and artistic vision into the early 20th century. The longevity of this work and it\'s importance as the seat of Chinese government make a strong case for it\'s worth as an object of preservation. Built in Beijing, China, it represented the separation between the government bureaucracy and aristocracy from the peasants. This elitism is what earned the name Forbidden City, and the 10 foot high walls surrounding the complex added to the mystique and exclusivity of the work. Inside those walls were an elaborate microcosm of imperial life, and it\'s residents had every necessity and luxury possible without ever having to go into the outside world. The central structure was the Hall of Supreme Harmony where the emperor (In Chinese 皇帝, pronounced huangdi literally meaning \"Son of Heaven\") conducted his affairs. This marriage of spirituality with governance shows itself in the numerous temples and gardens alongside administrative buildings. Wood was the most common building material, cut from forests in Sichuan province and floated down the river to Beijing. Special consideration was placed in symmetry and practicality, with important government offices placed close together in a line towards the center. Most buildings were adorned with carvings and brightly painted in red, gold and green. The concave roofs were thatched with curved bricks and were supported by columns. The principle of feng shui was utilized to promote spatial harmony with the environment and focus the resident\'s <em>qi </em>(translated as energy).\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"500\"]<img alt=\"\" src=\"http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/thumbs/site_0439_0037-500-333-20100126175550.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" /> Architecture example, http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/thumbs/site_0439_0037-500-333-20100126175550.jpg[/caption]\r\n\r\nPrior to the Forbidden City, China already had a history of dynasties and strong central government. Confucianism were the social principles that made for a rigid class-based society, and the only way to achieve upward mobility involved passing a demanding test for entry into the bureaucracy. Towards the end of the Ming dynasty in the 16th century, there was a \"new tradition of humanist values that was forming with ever expanding influence... and was rooted in rapid economic development under a new historical condition, [that] had the newly risen stratum of city residents as its basis\" (Gao). This movement towards social equality did not gain serious momentum until the collapse of the Qing dynasty in 1912. Another important issue was the threat of foreign invaders, and the other great building project of the Ming dynasty was in restoring the Great Wall of China to protect against attacks from the north. Ultimately this project was unsuccessful as the Manchu, \"descendants of Mongols, Turks, and other tribes\" (Fiero) took power and claimed The Forbidden City as their seat of power. In keeping with authoritarian rule, all male Chinese had to cut their hair in the Manchu style.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"314\"]<img class=\" \" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/g/j/gjs4/textbooks/PM-China/graphics/Ch10/01.gif\" width=\"314\" height=\"360\" /> Manchu style haircut, http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/g/j/gjs4/textbooks/PM-China/graphics/Ch10/01.gif[/caption]\r\n\r\nBoth dynasties subsisted on taxes placed on the lower classes and used their wealth to adorn their palaces with expensive art commissions and decorations. Some of these pieces were exported to Europe which inspired the <em>chinoiserie </em>style, and goods such as tea, jade, and silk provided a new source of income. As wealth flowed into China more citizens became literate and there was a new demand for books. This rising middle class still saw ostracism from the ruling elite similar to the social situation in France.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThe temporal scope of the work makes it hard to quantify what time period it truly belongs to. \"The Chinese tradition of collecting cultural artefacts long predated the introduction of museums\" (Changhong), and the Forbidden City amassed a large collection of these artefacts. During the span of it\'s relevance in current affairs it was seen as a testament to Chinese identity. \"The public had long understood the cultural value of the Palace\" (Changhong). As a work the Forbidden City has been declared a world heritage site by UNESCO. It was concluded that \"The Imperial Palaces bear exceptional testimony to Chinese civilisation at the time of the Ming and Qing dynasties\" (UNESCO). In modern China the Forbidden City is highly regarded, and a backlash was triggered when the coffee chain Starbucks was planning on expanding onto the site. As one news anchor blogged \"...having one inside the <strong>City</strong> is inappropriate. This is not globalization, but an erosion of Chinese culture\" (Chenggang qtd. in Roberts). I was able to visit the Forbidden City in a trip to China and was impressed with the history at the site. I remember a giant lake that was very soothing to look at, and walking the cobbled stone streets it felt like the modern city outside the walls no longer existed. I can understand how an upper class citizen could live their whole life at the site, cloistered from the outside world. I was especially impressed with the artwork on display, it has an abstract quality that separates it from the Greco-Roman European style.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"390\"]<img class=\" \" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/images/hb/hb_37.191.1.jpg\" width=\"390\" height=\"345\" /> Ming jar, http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/images/hb/hb_37.191.1.jpg[/caption]\r\n\r\nThe Forbidden City and White House are both symbols of centralized government that double as residences.\r\n\r\nFiero, Gloria. \"The Humanistic Tradition Book 3, The European Renaissance, The Reformation, And Global Encounter.\" <em>6<sup>th</sup>. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages</em>, 2010.  September 29, 2013.\r\n\r\nChanghong, Guo. 2008. \"The Qing Palace: from a Forbidden City to a Public Heritage.\" <i>Museum International</i> 60, no. 1/2: 78-88. <i>Academic Search Complete</i>, EBSCO<i>host</i> (accessed September 29, 2013).\r\n\r\nNaquin, Susan. 2004. \"The Forbidden City Goes Abroad: Qing History and the Foreign Exhibitions of the Palace Museum, 1974–2004.\" <i>T\'oung Pao</i> 90, no. 4: 341-397. <i>Academic Search Complete</i>, EBSCO<i>host</i> (accessed September 29, 2013).\r\n\r\nGao, Xiang, Yilin, tr Deng, and Shiwu, tr Deng. 2010. \"The rise of a new tradition: Changes in values and life styles in late Ming China /.\" <i>Frontiers Of History In China</i> 5, no. 1: 1-29. <i>Humanities Full Text (H.W. Wilson)</i>, EBSCO<i>host.</i> (accessed September 29, 2013).\r\n\r\nUNESCO. \"Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang\" <em>UNESCO. </em>Web. 14 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\nMichaelson, Carol. <i>Ming Dynasty</i>. n.p.: Oxford University Press, 1996. <i>Grove Art Online</i>. Web. 14 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\nRoberts, Dexter. \"Forbidden Starbucks.\" <i>Businessweek Online</i> (2007): 14. <i>Business Source Complete</i>. Web. 14 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','TCP2 Forbidden City','','inherit','open','open','','3404-revision-v1','','','2013-10-14 16:37:30','2013-10-14 22:37:30','',3404,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3491',0,'revision','',0),(3492,74,'2013-10-14 17:12:07','2013-10-14 23:12:07','[caption id=\"attachment_3405\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"284\"]<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/fie23976_21025.png\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3405\" alt=\"fie23976_21025\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/fie23976_21025-284x300.png\" width=\"284\" height=\"300\" /></a> Xu Yang, <em>Bird\'s Eye View of the Capital</em> http://textflow.mcgraw-hill.com//figures/0077346181/fie23976_21025.png[/caption]\r\n\r\nThe Forbidden City \"was the most elaborate imperial monument of the Ming and Qing eras\" (Fiero). Once the Ming court settled it in 1421, it remained a cornerstone of Chinese government and artistic vision into the early 20th century. The longevity of this work and it\'s importance as the seat of Chinese government make a strong case for it\'s worth as an object of preservation. Built in Beijing, China, it represented the separation between the government bureaucracy and aristocracy from the peasants. This elitism is what earned the name Forbidden City, and the 10 foot high walls surrounding the complex added to the mystique and exclusivity of the work. Inside those walls were an elaborate microcosm of imperial life, and it\'s residents had every necessity and luxury possible without ever having to go into the outside world. The central structure was the Hall of Supreme Harmony where the emperor (In Chinese 皇帝, pronounced huangdi literally meaning \"Son of Heaven\") conducted his affairs. This marriage of spirituality with governance shows itself in the numerous temples and gardens alongside administrative buildings. Wood was the most common building material, cut from forests in Sichuan province and floated down the river to Beijing. Special consideration was placed in symmetry and practicality, with important government offices placed close together in a line towards the center. Most buildings were adorned with carvings and brightly painted in red, gold and green. The concave roofs were thatched with curved bricks and were supported by columns. The principle of feng shui was utilized to promote spatial harmony with the environment and focus the resident\'s <em>qi </em>(translated as energy).\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"500\"]<img alt=\"\" src=\"http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/thumbs/site_0439_0037-500-333-20100126175550.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" /> Architecture example, http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/thumbs/site_0439_0037-500-333-20100126175550.jpg[/caption]\r\n\r\nPrior to the Forbidden City, China already had a history of dynasties and strong central government. Confucianism were the social principles that made for a rigid class-based society, and the only way to achieve upward mobility involved passing a demanding test for entry into the bureaucracy. Towards the end of the Ming dynasty in the 16th century, there was a \"new tradition of humanist values that was forming with ever expanding influence... and was rooted in rapid economic development under a new historical condition, [that] had the newly risen stratum of city residents as its basis\" (Gao). This movement towards social equality did not gain serious momentum until the collapse of the Qing dynasty in 1912. Another important issue was the threat of foreign invaders, and the other great building project of the Ming dynasty was in restoring the Great Wall of China to protect against attacks from the north. Ultimately this project was unsuccessful as the Manchu, \"descendants of Mongols, Turks, and other tribes\" (Fiero) took power and claimed The Forbidden City as their seat of power. In keeping with authoritarian rule, all male Chinese had to cut their hair in the Manchu style.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"314\"]<img class=\" \" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/g/j/gjs4/textbooks/PM-China/graphics/Ch10/01.gif\" width=\"314\" height=\"360\" /> Manchu style haircut, http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/g/j/gjs4/textbooks/PM-China/graphics/Ch10/01.gif[/caption]\r\n\r\nBoth dynasties subsisted on taxes placed on the lower classes and used their wealth to adorn their palaces with expensive art commissions and decorations. Some of these pieces were exported to Europe which inspired the <em>chinoiserie </em>style, and goods such as tea, jade, and silk provided a new source of income. As wealth flowed into China more citizens became literate and there was a new demand for books. This rising middle class still saw ostracism from the ruling elite similar to the social situation in France.\r\n\r\nAt roughly the same time as the Forbidden City imperial courts in France and India constructed Versailles and Shahjahanabad. All of these palaces symbolized authoritarian rule and separated peasants from aristocrats. Unlike Versailles, Shahjahanabad and the Forbidden City were walled off completely, displaying a candid pessimism about personal safety. All of these palaces were lavishly decorated but Versailles exemplifies Christianity, Shahjahanabad Islamism, and the Forbidden City Confucianism. Versailles also showed radical evolution over time in it\'s architectural and artistic decoration, while the Forbidden City remained stoically resistant to foreign influences. The Han dynasty devised the \"hallmark of Chinese <strong>architecture</strong>—a graceful, overhanging roof, sometimes in several tiers, with upturned eaves\" (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia). Ming buildings such as Zhenhai Tower, Zhenjue Temple, and Tsui Sing Lau Pagoda all display this characteristic. What set the Forbidden City apart from them was the massive size of the work, none covered the same amount of area and served such an important role to the culture.\r\n\r\nThe temporal scope of the work makes it hard to quantify what time period it truly belongs to. \"The Chinese tradition of collecting cultural artefacts long predated the introduction of museums\" (Changhong), and the Forbidden City amassed a large collection of these artefacts. During the span of it\'s relevance in current affairs it was seen as a testament to Chinese identity. \"The public had long understood the cultural value of the Palace\" (Changhong). As a work the Forbidden City has been declared a world heritage site by UNESCO. It was concluded that \"The Imperial Palaces bear exceptional testimony to Chinese civilisation at the time of the Ming and Qing dynasties\" (UNESCO). In modern China the Forbidden City is highly regarded, and a backlash was triggered when the coffee chain Starbucks was planning on expanding onto the site. As one news anchor blogged \"...having one inside the <strong>City</strong> is inappropriate. This is not globalization, but an erosion of Chinese culture\" (Chenggang qtd. in Roberts). I was able to visit the Forbidden City in a trip to China and was impressed with the history at the site. I remember a giant lake that was very soothing to look at, and walking the cobbled stone streets it felt like the modern city outside the walls no longer existed. I can understand how an upper class citizen could live their whole life at the site, cloistered from the outside world. I was especially impressed with the artwork on display, it has an abstract quality that separates it from the Greco-Roman European style.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"390\"]<img class=\" \" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/images/hb/hb_37.191.1.jpg\" width=\"390\" height=\"345\" /> Ming jar, http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/images/hb/hb_37.191.1.jpg[/caption]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nFiero, Gloria. \"The Humanistic Tradition Book 3, The European Renaissance, The Reformation, And Global Encounter.\" <em>6<sup>th</sup>. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages</em>, 2010.  September 29, 2013.\r\n\r\nChanghong, Guo. 2008. \"The Qing Palace: from a Forbidden City to a Public Heritage.\" <i>Museum International</i> 60, no. 1/2: 78-88. <i>Academic Search Complete</i>, EBSCO<i>host</i> (accessed September 29, 2013).\r\n\r\nNaquin, Susan. 2004. \"The Forbidden City Goes Abroad: Qing History and the Foreign Exhibitions of the Palace Museum, 1974–2004.\" <i>T\'oung Pao</i> 90, no. 4: 341-397. <i>Academic Search Complete</i>, EBSCO<i>host</i> (accessed September 29, 2013).\r\n\r\nGao, Xiang, Yilin, tr Deng, and Shiwu, tr Deng. 2010. \"The rise of a new tradition: Changes in values and life styles in late Ming China /.\" <i>Frontiers Of History In China</i> 5, no. 1: 1-29. <i>Humanities Full Text (H.W. Wilson)</i>, EBSCO<i>host.</i> (accessed September 29, 2013).\r\n\r\nUNESCO. \"Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang\" <em>UNESCO. </em>Web. 14 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\nMichaelson, Carol. <i>Ming Dynasty</i>. n.p.: Oxford University Press, 1996. <i>Grove Art Online</i>. Web. 14 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\nRoberts, Dexter. \"Forbidden Starbucks.\" <i>Businessweek Online</i> (2007): 14. <i>Business Source Complete</i>. Web. 14 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\n\"Chinese Architecture.\" <i>Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6Th Edition</i> (2013): 1-2. <i>Literary Reference Center</i>. Web. 14 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','TCP2 Forbidden City','','inherit','open','open','','3404-revision-v1','','','2013-10-14 17:12:07','2013-10-14 23:12:07','',3404,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3492',0,'revision','',0),(3493,74,'2013-10-14 17:16:07','2013-10-14 23:16:07','[caption id=\"attachment_3405\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"284\"]<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/fie23976_21025.png\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3405\" alt=\"fie23976_21025\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/fie23976_21025-284x300.png\" width=\"284\" height=\"300\" /></a> Xu Yang, <em>Bird\'s Eye View of the Capital</em> http://textflow.mcgraw-hill.com//figures/0077346181/fie23976_21025.png[/caption]\r\n\r\nThe Forbidden City \"was the most elaborate imperial monument of the Ming and Qing eras\" (Fiero). Once the Ming court settled it in 1421, it remained a cornerstone of Chinese government and artistic vision into the early 20th century. The longevity of this work and it\'s importance as the seat of Chinese government make a strong case for it\'s worth as an object of preservation. Built in Beijing, China, it represented the separation between the government bureaucracy and aristocracy from the peasants. This elitism is what earned the name Forbidden City, and the 10 foot high walls surrounding the complex added to the mystique and exclusivity of the work. Inside those walls were an elaborate microcosm of imperial life, and it\'s residents had every necessity and luxury possible without ever having to go into the outside world. The central structure was the Hall of Supreme Harmony where the emperor (In Chinese 皇帝, pronounced huangdi literally meaning \"Son of Heaven\") conducted his affairs. This marriage of spirituality with governance shows itself in the numerous temples and gardens alongside administrative buildings. Wood was the most common building material, cut from forests in Sichuan province and floated down the river to Beijing. Special consideration was placed in symmetry and practicality, with important government offices placed close together in a line towards the center. Most buildings were adorned with carvings and brightly painted in red, gold and green. The concave roofs were thatched with curved bricks and were supported by columns. The principle of feng shui was utilized to promote spatial harmony with the environment and focus the resident\'s <em>qi </em>(translated as energy).\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"500\"]<img alt=\"\" src=\"http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/thumbs/site_0439_0037-500-333-20100126175550.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" /> Architecture example, http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/thumbs/site_0439_0037-500-333-20100126175550.jpg[/caption]\r\n\r\nPrior to the Forbidden City, China already had a history of dynasties and strong central government. Confucianism were the social principles that made for a rigid class-based society, and the only way to achieve upward mobility involved passing a demanding test for entry into the bureaucracy. Towards the end of the Ming dynasty in the 16th century, there was a \"new tradition of humanist values that was forming with ever expanding influence... and was rooted in rapid economic development under a new historical condition, [that] had the newly risen stratum of city residents as its basis\" (Gao). This movement towards social equality did not gain serious momentum until the collapse of the Qing dynasty in 1912. Another important issue was the threat of foreign invaders, and the other great building project of the Ming dynasty was in restoring the Great Wall of China to protect against attacks from the north. Ultimately this project was unsuccessful as the Manchu, \"descendants of Mongols, Turks, and other tribes\" (Fiero) took power and claimed The Forbidden City as their seat of power. In keeping with authoritarian rule, all male Chinese had to cut their hair in the Manchu style.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"314\"]<img class=\" \" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/g/j/gjs4/textbooks/PM-China/graphics/Ch10/01.gif\" width=\"314\" height=\"360\" /> Manchu style haircut, http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/g/j/gjs4/textbooks/PM-China/graphics/Ch10/01.gif[/caption]\r\n\r\nBoth dynasties subsisted on taxes placed on the lower classes and used their wealth to adorn their palaces with expensive art commissions and decorations. Some of these pieces were exported to Europe which inspired the <em>chinoiserie </em>style, and goods such as tea, jade, and silk provided a new source of income. As wealth flowed into China more citizens became literate and there was a new demand for books. This rising middle class still saw ostracism from the ruling elite similar to the social situation in France.\r\n\r\nAt roughly the same time as the Forbidden City imperial courts in France and India constructed Versailles and Shahjahanabad. All of these palaces symbolized authoritarian rule and separated peasants from aristocrats. Unlike Versailles, Shahjahanabad and the Forbidden City were walled off completely, displaying a candid pessimism about personal safety. All of these palaces were lavishly decorated but Versailles exemplifies Christianity, Shahjahanabad Islamism, and the Forbidden City Confucianism. Versailles also showed radical evolution over time in it\'s architectural and artistic decoration, while the Forbidden City remained stoically resistant to foreign influences. The Han dynasty devised the \"hallmark of Chinese <strong>architecture</strong>—a graceful, overhanging roof, sometimes in several tiers, with upturned eaves\" (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia). Ming buildings such as Zhenhai Tower, Zhenjue Temple, and Tsui Sing Lau Pagoda all display this characteristic. What set the Forbidden City apart from them was the massive size of the work, none covered the same amount of area and served such an important role to the culture.\r\n\r\nThe temporal scope of the work makes it hard to quantify what time period it truly belongs to. \"The Chinese tradition of collecting cultural artefacts long predated the introduction of museums\" (Changhong), and the Forbidden City amassed a large collection of these artefacts. During the span of it\'s relevance in current affairs it was seen as a testament to Chinese identity. \"The public had long understood the cultural value of the Palace\" (Changhong). As a work the Forbidden City has been declared a world heritage site by UNESCO. It was concluded that \"The Imperial Palaces bear exceptional testimony to Chinese civilisation at the time of the Ming and Qing dynasties\" (UNESCO). In modern China the Forbidden City is highly regarded, and a backlash was triggered when the coffee chain Starbucks was planning on expanding onto the site. As one news anchor blogged \"...having one inside the <strong>City</strong> is inappropriate. This is not globalization, but an erosion of Chinese culture\" (Chenggang qtd. in Roberts). I was able to visit the Forbidden City in a trip to China and was impressed with the history at the site. I remember a giant lake that was very soothing to look at, and walking the cobbled stone streets it felt like the modern city outside the walls no longer existed. I can understand how an upper class citizen could live their whole life at the site, cloistered from the outside world. I was especially impressed with the artwork on display, it has an abstract quality that separates it from the Greco-Roman European style.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"390\"]<img class=\" \" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/images/hb/hb_37.191.1.jpg\" width=\"390\" height=\"345\" /> Ming jar, http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/images/hb/hb_37.191.1.jpg[/caption]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nFiero, Gloria. \"The Humanistic Tradition Book 3, The European Renaissance, The Reformation, And Global Encounter.\" <em>6<sup>th</sup>. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages</em>, 2010.  September 29, 2013.\r\n\r\nThis source provided basic information on the work and helped when making comparisons to other palaces.\r\n\r\nChanghong, Guo. 2008. \"The Qing Palace: from a Forbidden City to a Public Heritage.\" <i>Museum International</i> 60, no. 1/2: 78-88. <i>Academic Search Complete</i>, EBSCO<i>host</i> (accessed September 29, 2013).\r\n\r\nThis source helped with information on the Qing Dynasty.\r\n\r\nGao, Xiang, Yilin, tr Deng, and Shiwu, tr Deng. 2010. \"The rise of a new tradition: Changes in values and life styles in late Ming China /.\" <i>Frontiers Of History In China</i> 5, no. 1: 1-29. <i>Humanities Full Text (H.W. Wilson)</i>, EBSCO<i>host.</i> (accessed September 29, 2013).\r\n\r\nThis source gave some historical context for the Ming Dynasty.\r\n\r\nUNESCO. \"Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang\" <em>UNESCO. </em>Web. 14 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\nThis source provided information on the Forbidden City and it\'s history.\r\n\r\nRoberts, Dexter. \"Forbidden Starbucks.\" <i>Businessweek Online</i> (2007): 14. <i>Business Source Complete</i>. Web. 14 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\nThis source was helpful in providing an example of how The Forbidden City is still relevant today.\r\n\r\n\"Chinese Architecture.\" <i>Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6Th Edition</i> (2013): 1-2. <i>Literary Reference Center</i>. Web. 14 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\nThis source helped with background information on architecture and examples of similar works.','TCP2 Forbidden City','','inherit','open','open','','3404-revision-v1','','','2013-10-14 17:16:07','2013-10-14 23:16:07','',3404,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3493',0,'revision','',0),(3494,83,'2013-10-14 20:19:37','2013-10-15 02:19:37','<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Venus.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3495 aligncenter\" alt=\"Venus\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Venus-230x300.jpg\" width=\"230\" height=\"300\" /></a>\r\n\r\nFrancois Boucher was born in Paris, most famous for his Rococo style paintings. One of these paintings, “Venus Consoling Love” painted in 1751, which depicts Venus the goddess of love, disciplining her son Cupid. The painting was originally made for Madame de Pompadour and was hung in the restroom of her Château. During this time period King Louis XI was king and his mistress Jeanne Antoinette Poisson fell in love with Boucher\'s work and he created paintings of her. The two became fairly close and this gained him favor from the King.<!--more-->\r\n\r\nAccording to his biography, Francis’s work reflect his inspiration from early artist Watteau and Ruben. His paintings portrayed “nature and landscape” as well as “eroticism.” As I said before Boucher’s painting reflects the Rococo style art because of the soft colors and During this time period it was said that “only male models were allowed to model nude in front of male artists.” Boucher was known to have used prostitutes in his paintings; both of these were unacceptable for this time period and went against the Christian norm.\r\n\r\nHe received many awards for his art work. During this time King Louis XI was king and his mistress Madame de Pompadour fell in love with Bouchers work and he created paintings of her. The two became fairly close and this gained him favor from the King. As quoted from Heilbrun\'s Time History, During this time he also held the two highest positions possible in the French Art Establishment, First painter to the king as well as Director of the Royal Academy. Unfortunately not everyone loved his work. Some people thought of his work as too explicit, including French philosopher Diderot who is said to have labeled his work as “over-nate, empty and immoral.”\r\n\r\nIn a blog published August 11, 2011 by Ola Robins, Robin expresses that his work, “while entertaining and comical were not exclusively geared toward the ruling class.” There is not much difference on how people viewed the art in that time compared to now. There are those like Madame Pompadour who absolutely loved his work and those like Ms. Robbins who can appreciate the art, feels that it was not appropriate for the time period.\r\n\r\nI find this particular painting unique because it shows and tells a story of a goddess and her love for her son Cupid. It shows purity, beauty, and gives the feeling of pure happiness. This is particularly meaningful because it gives hope that there is a such thing as joy and colorfulness. It gives the image of a time where there were no worries, and I believe the nakedness of the characters give the feeling of innocence.\r\n\r\nThere are other paintings during this time period of the similar “Rococo” style. One painting that can be specifically compared to Boucher’s “Venus Consoling Love” is, the “Embarkation for Cythera by Jean Antoine Watteau. His painting can be compared to Bouchers because of the happy mood, colors, and nature landscape. In an article titles “The Rococo Movement, published by the PBH Network, it is written that “Jean is considered to be the father of Rococo movement and that he influenced other artist with his mastery.”\r\n\r\nBoucher’s “Venus Consoling Love” should be preserved because of its Rococo style with all the vibrant colors also it represents purity, love and beauty. With his different style of using the unclothed Venus and cupid it brings something different to the table.\r\n\r\nWork Cited\r\n\r\nBiography of Francois Boucher http://www.francoisboucher.org/biography.html\r\n\r\nQuail Hollow 365 Blog Highlights\r\nhttp://www.quailhollow365.com/blog/2011/08/artwork-of-the-day-francois-bouchers-venus-consoling-love/\r\n\r\nThe Rococo Movement: Jeane Antoine Watteau, 1684 – 1721 AllThatIsInteresting.com','Francois Boucher\'s \"Venus Consoling Love\"','','publish','open','open','','francois-bouchers-venus-consoling-love','','','2013-10-14 21:28:56','2013-10-15 03:28:56','',0,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3494',0,'post','',13),(3495,83,'2013-10-14 20:17:09','2013-10-15 02:17:09','','Venus','','inherit','open','open','','venus-3','','','2013-10-14 20:17:09','2013-10-15 02:17:09','',3494,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Venus.jpg',0,'attachment','image/jpeg',0),(3496,83,'2013-10-14 20:19:05','2013-10-15 02:19:05','<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Venus.jpg\"><img src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Venus-230x300.jpg\" alt=\"Venus\" width=\"230\" height=\"300\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-3495\" /></a>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFrancois Boucher was born in Paris, most famous for his Rococo style paintings. One of these paintings, “Venus Consoling Love” painted in 1751, which depicts Venus the goddess of love, disciplining her son Cupid. The painting was originally made for Madame de Pompadour and was hung in the restroom of her  Château. \r\nDuring this time period King Louis XI was king and his mistress Jeanne Antoinette Poisson fell in love with Boucher\'s work and he created paintings of her. The two became fairly close and this gained him favor from the King. \r\n\r\nAccording to his biography, Francis’s work reflect his inspiration from early artist Watteau and Ruben. His paintings portrayed “nature and landscape” as well as “eroticism.” As I said before Boucher’s painting reflects the Rococo style art because of the soft colors and \r\nDuring this time period it was said that “only male models were allowed to model nude in front of male artists.” Boucher was known to have used prostitutes in his paintings; both of these were  unacceptable for this time period and went against the Christian norm.\r\n\r\nHe received many awards for his art work. During this time King Louis XI was king and his mistress Madame de Pompadour fell in love with Bouchers work and he created paintings of her. The two became fairly close and this gained him favor from the King. As quoted from Heilbrun\'s Time History, During this time he also held the two highest positions possible in the French Art Establishment, First painter to the king as well as Director of the Royal Academy. Unfortunately not everyone loved his work. Some people thought of his work as too explicit, including French philosopher Diderot who is said to have labeled his work as “over-nate, empty and immoral.” \r\n\r\nIn a blog published August 11, 2011 by Ola Robins, Robin expresses that his work, “while entertaining and comical were not exclusively geared toward the ruling class.” There is not much difference on how people viewed the art in that time compared to now. There are those like Madame Pompadour who absolutely loved his work and those like Ms. Robbins who can appreciate the art, feels that it was not appropriate for the time period.\r\n\r\nI find this particular painting unique because it shows and tells a story of a goddess and her love for her son Cupid. It shows purity, beauty, and gives the feeling of pure happiness. This is particularly meaningful because it gives hope that there is a such thing as joy and colorfulness. It gives the image of a time where there were no worries, and I believe the nakedness of the characters give the feeling of innocence. \r\n\r\nThere are other paintings during this time period of the similar “Rococo” style. One painting that can be specifically compared to Boucher’s “Venus Consoling Love” is, the “Embarkation for Cythera by Jean Antoine Watteau. \r\n His painting can be compared to Bouchers because of the happy mood, colors, and nature landscape. In an article titles “The Rococo Movement, published by the PBH Network, it is written that “Jean is considered to be the father of Rococo movement and that he influenced other artist with his mastery.” \r\n\r\nBoucher’s “Venus Consoling Love” should be preserved because of its Rococo style with all the vibrant colors also it represents purity, love and beauty. With his different style of using the unclothed Venus and cupid it brings something different to the table.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n			         \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n     Work Cited\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nBiography of Francois Boucher http://www.francoisboucher.org/biography.html\r\n\r\n\r\nQuail Hollow 365 Blog Highlights\r\nhttp://www.quailhollow365.com/blog/2011/08/artwork-of-the-day-francois-bouchers-venus-consoling-love/\r\n\r\nThe Rococo Movement: Jeane Antoine Watteau, 1684 – 1721 AllThatIsInteresting.com','Francois Boucher\'s \"Venus Consoling Love\"','','inherit','open','open','','3494-revision-v1','','','2013-10-14 20:19:05','2013-10-15 02:19:05','',3494,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3496',0,'revision','',0),(3500,1,'2013-10-14 21:28:56','2013-10-15 03:28:56','<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Venus.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3495 aligncenter\" alt=\"Venus\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Venus-230x300.jpg\" width=\"230\" height=\"300\" /></a>\r\n\r\nFrancois Boucher was born in Paris, most famous for his Rococo style paintings. One of these paintings, “Venus Consoling Love” painted in 1751, which depicts Venus the goddess of love, disciplining her son Cupid. The painting was originally made for Madame de Pompadour and was hung in the restroom of her Château. During this time period King Louis XI was king and his mistress Jeanne Antoinette Poisson fell in love with Boucher\'s work and he created paintings of her. The two became fairly close and this gained him favor from the King.<!--more-->\r\n\r\nAccording to his biography, Francis’s work reflect his inspiration from early artist Watteau and Ruben. His paintings portrayed “nature and landscape” as well as “eroticism.” As I said before Boucher’s painting reflects the Rococo style art because of the soft colors and During this time period it was said that “only male models were allowed to model nude in front of male artists.” Boucher was known to have used prostitutes in his paintings; both of these were unacceptable for this time period and went against the Christian norm.\r\n\r\nHe received many awards for his art work. During this time King Louis XI was king and his mistress Madame de Pompadour fell in love with Bouchers work and he created paintings of her. The two became fairly close and this gained him favor from the King. As quoted from Heilbrun\'s Time History, During this time he also held the two highest positions possible in the French Art Establishment, First painter to the king as well as Director of the Royal Academy. Unfortunately not everyone loved his work. Some people thought of his work as too explicit, including French philosopher Diderot who is said to have labeled his work as “over-nate, empty and immoral.”\r\n\r\nIn a blog published August 11, 2011 by Ola Robins, Robin expresses that his work, “while entertaining and comical were not exclusively geared toward the ruling class.” There is not much difference on how people viewed the art in that time compared to now. There are those like Madame Pompadour who absolutely loved his work and those like Ms. Robbins who can appreciate the art, feels that it was not appropriate for the time period.\r\n\r\nI find this particular painting unique because it shows and tells a story of a goddess and her love for her son Cupid. It shows purity, beauty, and gives the feeling of pure happiness. This is particularly meaningful because it gives hope that there is a such thing as joy and colorfulness. It gives the image of a time where there were no worries, and I believe the nakedness of the characters give the feeling of innocence.\r\n\r\nThere are other paintings during this time period of the similar “Rococo” style. One painting that can be specifically compared to Boucher’s “Venus Consoling Love” is, the “Embarkation for Cythera by Jean Antoine Watteau. His painting can be compared to Bouchers because of the happy mood, colors, and nature landscape. In an article titles “The Rococo Movement, published by the PBH Network, it is written that “Jean is considered to be the father of Rococo movement and that he influenced other artist with his mastery.”\r\n\r\nBoucher’s “Venus Consoling Love” should be preserved because of its Rococo style with all the vibrant colors also it represents purity, love and beauty. With his different style of using the unclothed Venus and cupid it brings something different to the table.\r\n\r\nWork Cited\r\n\r\nBiography of Francois Boucher http://www.francoisboucher.org/biography.html\r\n\r\nQuail Hollow 365 Blog Highlights\r\nhttp://www.quailhollow365.com/blog/2011/08/artwork-of-the-day-francois-bouchers-venus-consoling-love/\r\n\r\nThe Rococo Movement: Jeane Antoine Watteau, 1684 – 1721 AllThatIsInteresting.com','Francois Boucher\'s \"Venus Consoling Love\"','','inherit','open','open','','3494-revision-v1','','','2013-10-14 21:28:56','2013-10-15 03:28:56','',3494,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3500',0,'revision','',0),(3497,1,'2013-10-14 21:19:48','2013-10-15 03:19:48','<strong>\n</strong>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/TCP.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3488 aligncenter\" alt=\"TCP\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/TCP-198x300.jpg\" width=\"215\" height=\"300\" /></a></p>\n&nbsp;\n\n<strong> Li Ruzhen’s Flowers in the Mirror</strong>\n\nBy: Gargi Dave\n\n&nbsp;\n\nLi Ju-Chen, (as known as Li Ruzhen), (1763-1830) was an author known to write novels of fantasy with feminist perception, although a few of his works such as: his treatise on phonology <i>Yin</i><i>‐</i><i>chien, </i>a chess handbook <i>Shou</i><i>‐</i><i>tzu p\'u</i>, were not published due to it being lost, Ruzhen’s most important book written was his 1828 novel, <i>Flowers in the Mirror. </i>According to web source, eNotes, “Through his novel, he attempted to reconcile classical Confucianism with Neo-Confucianism and meld traditional values and aesthetics with modern ideas. Li Ruzhen is remembered today as an erudite social critic and early feminist.” <i>Flowers in the Mirror</i> definitely depicted a fantasy Ruzhen had, creating a world where women of China played the role of men; working, taking care of the financial status of the family, going to school and making a career, while the men wore women’s clothing and taking care of the children playing the role of a woman. Ruzhen’s views completely shocked readers in this 100 chapter novel. Li Ruzhen established his knowledge and opinion on how women and men should be equal instead of having gender roles, and he also expresses, “criticism of the education and examination systems in China” (web source enotes) in the <i>Flowers in the Mirror</i>, and due to his boldness and adventurous dare to write such a feminist book, <i>Flowers in the Mirror</i> should be protected and also read for future generations to come.\n\nThis classic novel that Ruzhen worked on for over a decade became a book of no classification. This feminist book was set in the Tang Dynasty with the ruler Empress Wu Zetian who overruled her brother’s shine to the throne, and decided to do things her way and demanded impossible tasks. As one of the tasks, she commands the flower spirits to allow the flowers upon the earth to bloom the very next day, which was unimaginable and impossible. But, the flower spirits did so and they were taken out of Heaven and put onto the earth as punishment from the Gods and at the end of their compensation, they will be allowed back into the Heavens. The Fairy of a Hundred Flowers’ father, Tang Ao, gets knocked down from his high rank to the lowest rank possible by the Empress. She suspects he has plotted against her will, and due to that, he gives up the animosity of the mortal life and transforms himself to an immortal being. Tang Ao decides to embark upon a journey with his brother-in-law, Merchant Lin, because he was told by a dream spirit that his afterlife was somewhere afar. During his adventurous quest he embarked upon, he came upon many flower spirits and accompanied them with their troubles, and during this journey he vanished into the mountain of Little Penglai. During his wandering, he visited the many countries as stated in web source “Readtiger”: “Country of Gentlemen, the Country of Women, the Country of Intestineless People, the Country of Sexless People, and the Country of Two-Faced People and many more” (websource). Towards the end of this novel, the Fairy of a Hundred Flowers searches for her father out into Little Penlai, and the many flower spirits with their husbands and brothers gather and throw the Empress out from her throne, and reinstate Emperor Tang Chung-tsung to his rightful throne. Ruzhen calls the Empress a “King” explaining the fact that she is ruler, and although she is a woman, she can also be defined as a “King”.\n\nDuring the time of when Flowers in the Mirror was written, there were many women writers who published letters and books explaining the problem women have with their unequal rights compared to men. This work was not typical of its era, because during this time period, all women were subjected to their men and their own vanity. Women had no voice, and also weren’t in their own control. There were many other feminists during this time such as Abigail Adams, Anna Wheeler, Frances Wright and others. They all similarly wrote about the social order in communities and how inequality was a major issue for women in society. The drive for these feminists to voice their opinions were very opinionated and very open due to the fact that they wanted to be a part of a change where women and men can altogether live equally. There were no laws of equal rights between men and women, but the feminists during the 18th century surely voiced their full on opinions about the issue.\n\nThis specific piece of work is definitely unusual for its time. Ruzhen was an opinionated man with a big heart to prove his ideas about empowered women and strived to prove his point about women being as equal as men, and also how women and men can play each other’s roles with the execution of society’s role as women only being subjects of vanity. In writing the <i>Flowers in the Mirror,</i> Ruzhen was simply implying for society to treat both genders equally. After writing this novel for about 15 years, Ruzhen accomplished getting his point across with his vision in this fantasy novel and in web source “Readtiger”, “When Li writes about the different countries he is giving his aspirations for an ideal society. The novel is full of fantasy which shows the author\'s unique vision of life” (websource). During this time period of the 1800’s, women were seen as subjects of vanity and played the role of beauty and being a housewife. Society was the complete opposite of how Ruzhen fantasized society to be in his novel. This novel completely cracked the typical gender role played in reality. Throughout this book, the author indirectly states how women are able to do the tasks of men as well and easily as men are able to do the same.\n\n<i>          Flowers in the Mirror</i> was received as a “miscellaneous novel” at this time due to the mixture of genre’s in the novel (websource). There was much controversy in his reason of writing <i>Flowers in the Mirror</i> because in Ruzhen’s version of <i>Utopia </i>there was complete equality for men so therefore, “<i>Flowers in the Mirror</i> does not represent a completely revolutionary vision” (websource.enotes). His ideas inside<i> Flowers in the Mirror</i> did not give complete equality for women due to Utopia being a world for the equalness for all men. Otherwise, Ruzhen’s feminist approach was received fairly well. He introduced a “new world” during a time where women and men weren’t equal, and his approach gave many scholars new ideas and thoughts about a world where women could be just as equal as men.\n\nToday, many people have the same perception of <i>Flowers in the Mirror </i>back then compared to today. Editor Lynn M. Scott states, “Criticism of Li Ju‐chen\'s work is confined to the<i> Flowers in the Mirror </i>and addresses three main issues in the novel: the breadth of learning Li Ju‐chen demonstrates in the text; his criticism of the education and examination systems of China; and his denunciation of harmful and discriminatory practices against women.” People were shocked during the 1800’s as well as today, due to this book (websource.enotes). Li Ruzhen is known as one of the most feminist writers with a very narrow perception of society. Many people today, though, accept the author’s views on equality for women because today, there is complete equality for men and women. The only aspect which scholars see to be unusual is that a very knowledgeable man (Ruzhen) during this time in China has complete passion for equality among every individual in society, including men and women.\n\nMy personal reaction was uttered disbelief that a man living in Beijing during the 1800’s, a time where there is complete social order among society pertaining to the rights of men and women, wrote a novel about society needing to give entire equal rights to women in China. There are many different sections in this novel, but the one that sticks out to me is the gender roles and the different countries Ruzhen fantasized about in his work. I admire that he wrote this book in reference to his own opinion, and he sticks to his beliefs about full equality among members of society. The story of the Empress ruling the nation is impressive in my opinion, especially the part of the story where Ruzhen refers Empress Wu Zetian as “King”, that comparison shows that a woman in society can also play the role of a man or a “King”. Despite the fact that in the story, the Empress is thrown out of her own power as “King”, the story still gives readers today a new aspect of how back then, there were people who voiced their opinions on huge ordeals such as equality among society.\n\nThe <i>Flowers in the Mirror </i>compares to many works from generations of feminists, and only a handful during the 18th century. Rhuzen’s novel specifically compares to one particular work, the letters sent back and forth between Abigail Adams and her husband John Adams during the late 17th century, early 18th century. The few letters that Abigail sent to her husband declared that she had heard John declare independence, and she would like for him to add women’s equal rights to the “new code of laws” (websource). Abigail Adams claims a rebellion if the law isn’t passed to include the women into equal rights, such as  having a voice or any sort of representation in lawmaking or in general society, as it claims in the letters she wrote. In the letters, she voices her stern opinion on how husbands are trying to have complete control and protection over their wives, and also, how women need to be able to start being a part of the decision making process in general decisions. Abigail indirectly argues with her husband that he is being barbaric and arrogant towards the women of society by not taking what she has to say about equality among women and men seriously, but still her last stern letter proves why there should be outright equality and freedom amidst all women and men of civilization.\n\nThe letters of Abigail Adams and <i>Flowers in the Mirror </i>are similar in many ways, such as both Ruzhen and Abigail are unconditionally blunt and direct about their feelings about equality with both genders amid commonality. Regardless of John Adams response to his wife, Abigail nonetheless, still makes a stand to what she believes in, that is women having a voice when it comes to making decisions, and for there to be ultimate freedom between all people. Ruzhen’s fantasy shows his passion for an equal society when he names the different countries as they are in the <i>Flowers in the Mirror. </i>And also his will to push out his opinion on equality among men and women. Li Ruzhen and Abigail Adams was only a couple out of the many civilian feminists who had an opinion about freedom and equality for women.\n\nThe novel, <i>Flowers in the Mirror </i>is a powerful approach to changing society back in the 18th century, and also authoritative today seeing as there is complete, and full freedom and equality of the men and women today. This paramount piece of work should be restored for many generations to come because of its classic feminist entrance to a world that we live in today. Writers such as Li Ruzhen helped and pushed society become equal and as free-spirited as it is today.\n\n<strong>                                                                                                 Works Cited</strong>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n\"Introduction\" <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Nineteenth-Century Literary Criticism</span> Ed. Lynn M. Zott. Vol. 134. Gale Cengage 2004 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">eNotes.com</span> 14 Oct, 2013\n\n<b>This website gave me so much information about the author and his background, and more so the views and criticism that many scholars had pertaining to this novel. This is an amazing source to find the meaning of the true message of the book.</b>\n\n<b> </b>\n\n<i>LETTERS BETWEEN ABIGAIL ADAMS AND HER HUSBAND JOHN ADAMS</i>. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013.\n\n<b>This was definitely my favorite source. It extremely helped out with my understanding of other feminists and their views on inequality. It gave me a piece of history that I did not know before, and know now. </b>\n\n<b> </b>\n\nN.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. &lt;http://readtiger.com/wkp/en/Flowers_in_the_Mirror&gt;.\n\n<b>This is where I found a clear and thorough view of the book. Also, a good source to know exactly what the main story is about from beginning to end.</b>\n\n&nbsp;\n\nN.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. &lt;<a href=\"http://www.qesign.com/offer.php?x=Li_Ruzhen\">http://www.qesign.com/offer.php?x=Li_Ruzhen</a>&gt;.\n\n<b>This source gave me an excellent understanding of the author and his ideas. It completely gave me an inside scoop of the authors thoughts, and how it is to feel like a true feminist back in the 18th century.</b>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n<i>The Women\'s Review of Books</i> , Vol. 9, No. 9 (Jun., 1992), pp. 14-15\n\n<b>This source was an incredible find because it showed a full list of feminists of the 18th century who voiced their opinions on inequality. Also, it answered many questions I had pertaining to the life lived by 18th century women.</b>\n\n&nbsp;','DaveGargi-TCP2 Flowers in the Mirror','','inherit','open','open','','3483-autosave-v1','','','2013-10-14 21:19:48','2013-10-15 03:19:48','',3483,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3497',0,'revision','',0),(3498,1,'2013-10-14 21:20:24','2013-10-15 03:20:24','<strong>\r\n</strong>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/TCP.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3488 aligncenter\" alt=\"TCP\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/TCP-198x300.jpg\" width=\"215\" height=\"300\" /></a></p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong> Li Ruzhen’s Flowers in the Mirror</strong>\r\n\r\nBy: Gargi Dave\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLi Ju-Chen, (as known as Li Ruzhen), (1763-1830) was an author known to write novels of fantasy with feminist perception, although a few of his works such as: his treatise on phonology <i>Yin</i><i>‐</i><i>chien, </i>a chess handbook <i>Shou</i><i>‐</i><i>tzu p\'u</i>, were not published due to it being lost, Ruzhen’s most important book written was his 1828 novel, <i>Flowers in the Mirror. </i>According to web source, eNotes, “Through his novel, he attempted to reconcile classical Confucianism with Neo-Confucianism and meld traditional values and aesthetics with modern ideas. Li Ruzhen is remembered today as an erudite social critic and early feminist.” <i>Flowers in the Mirror</i> definitely depicted a fantasy Ruzhen had, creating a world where women of China played the role of men; working, taking care of the financial status of the family, going to school and making a career, while the men wore women’s clothing and taking care of the children playing the role of a woman. Ruzhen’s views completely shocked readers in this 100 chapter novel. Li Ruzhen established his knowledge and opinion on how women and men should be equal instead of having gender roles, and he also expresses, “criticism of the education and examination systems in China” (web source enotes) in the <i>Flowers in the Mirror</i>, and due to his boldness and adventurous dare to write such a feminist book, <i>Flowers in the Mirror</i> should be protected and also read for future generations to come.<!--more-->\r\n\r\nThis classic novel that Ruzhen worked on for over a decade became a book of no classification. This feminist book was set in the Tang Dynasty with the ruler Empress Wu Zetian who overruled her brother’s shine to the throne, and decided to do things her way and demanded impossible tasks. As one of the tasks, she commands the flower spirits to allow the flowers upon the earth to bloom the very next day, which was unimaginable and impossible. But, the flower spirits did so and they were taken out of Heaven and put onto the earth as punishment from the Gods and at the end of their compensation, they will be allowed back into the Heavens. The Fairy of a Hundred Flowers’ father, Tang Ao, gets knocked down from his high rank to the lowest rank possible by the Empress. She suspects he has plotted against her will, and due to that, he gives up the animosity of the mortal life and transforms himself to an immortal being. Tang Ao decides to embark upon a journey with his brother-in-law, Merchant Lin, because he was told by a dream spirit that his afterlife was somewhere afar. During his adventurous quest he embarked upon, he came upon many flower spirits and accompanied them with their troubles, and during this journey he vanished into the mountain of Little Penglai. During his wandering, he visited the many countries as stated in web source “Readtiger”: “Country of Gentlemen, the Country of Women, the Country of Intestineless People, the Country of Sexless People, and the Country of Two-Faced People and many more” (websource). Towards the end of this novel, the Fairy of a Hundred Flowers searches for her father out into Little Penlai, and the many flower spirits with their husbands and brothers gather and throw the Empress out from her throne, and reinstate Emperor Tang Chung-tsung to his rightful throne. Ruzhen calls the Empress a “King” explaining the fact that she is ruler, and although she is a woman, she can also be defined as a “King”.\r\n\r\nDuring the time of when Flowers in the Mirror was written, there were many women writers who published letters and books explaining the problem women have with their unequal rights compared to men. This work was not typical of its era, because during this time period, all women were subjected to their men and their own vanity. Women had no voice, and also weren’t in their own control. There were many other feminists during this time such as Abigail Adams, Anna Wheeler, Frances Wright and others. They all similarly wrote about the social order in communities and how inequality was a major issue for women in society. The drive for these feminists to voice their opinions were very opinionated and very open due to the fact that they wanted to be a part of a change where women and men can altogether live equally. There were no laws of equal rights between men and women, but the feminists during the 18th century surely voiced their full on opinions about the issue.\r\n\r\nThis specific piece of work is definitely unusual for its time. Ruzhen was an opinionated man with a big heart to prove his ideas about empowered women and strived to prove his point about women being as equal as men, and also how women and men can play each other’s roles with the execution of society’s role as women only being subjects of vanity. In writing the <i>Flowers in the Mirror,</i> Ruzhen was simply implying for society to treat both genders equally. After writing this novel for about 15 years, Ruzhen accomplished getting his point across with his vision in this fantasy novel and in web source “Readtiger”, “When Li writes about the different countries he is giving his aspirations for an ideal society. The novel is full of fantasy which shows the author\'s unique vision of life” (websource). During this time period of the 1800’s, women were seen as subjects of vanity and played the role of beauty and being a housewife. Society was the complete opposite of how Ruzhen fantasized society to be in his novel. This novel completely cracked the typical gender role played in reality. Throughout this book, the author indirectly states how women are able to do the tasks of men as well and easily as men are able to do the same.\r\n\r\n<i>          Flowers in the Mirror</i> was received as a “miscellaneous novel” at this time due to the mixture of genre’s in the novel (websource). There was much controversy in his reason of writing <i>Flowers in the Mirror</i> because in Ruzhen’s version of <i>Utopia </i>there was complete equality for men so therefore, “<i>Flowers in the Mirror</i> does not represent a completely revolutionary vision” (websource.enotes). His ideas inside<i> Flowers in the Mirror</i> did not give complete equality for women due to Utopia being a world for the equalness for all men. Otherwise, Ruzhen’s feminist approach was received fairly well. He introduced a “new world” during a time where women and men weren’t equal, and his approach gave many scholars new ideas and thoughts about a world where women could be just as equal as men.\r\n\r\nToday, many people have the same perception of <i>Flowers in the Mirror </i>back then compared to today. Editor Lynn M. Scott states, “Criticism of Li Ju‐chen\'s work is confined to the<i> Flowers in the Mirror </i>and addresses three main issues in the novel: the breadth of learning Li Ju‐chen demonstrates in the text; his criticism of the education and examination systems of China; and his denunciation of harmful and discriminatory practices against women.” People were shocked during the 1800’s as well as today, due to this book (websource.enotes). Li Ruzhen is known as one of the most feminist writers with a very narrow perception of society. Many people today, though, accept the author’s views on equality for women because today, there is complete equality for men and women. The only aspect which scholars see to be unusual is that a very knowledgeable man (Ruzhen) during this time in China has complete passion for equality among every individual in society, including men and women.\r\n\r\nMy personal reaction was uttered disbelief that a man living in Beijing during the 1800’s, a time where there is complete social order among society pertaining to the rights of men and women, wrote a novel about society needing to give entire equal rights to women in China. There are many different sections in this novel, but the one that sticks out to me is the gender roles and the different countries Ruzhen fantasized about in his work. I admire that he wrote this book in reference to his own opinion, and he sticks to his beliefs about full equality among members of society. The story of the Empress ruling the nation is impressive in my opinion, especially the part of the story where Ruzhen refers Empress Wu Zetian as “King”, that comparison shows that a woman in society can also play the role of a man or a “King”. Despite the fact that in the story, the Empress is thrown out of her own power as “King”, the story still gives readers today a new aspect of how back then, there were people who voiced their opinions on huge ordeals such as equality among society.\r\n\r\nThe <i>Flowers in the Mirror </i>compares to many works from generations of feminists, and only a handful during the 18th century. Rhuzen’s novel specifically compares to one particular work, the letters sent back and forth between Abigail Adams and her husband John Adams during the late 17th century, early 18th century. The few letters that Abigail sent to her husband declared that she had heard John declare independence, and she would like for him to add women’s equal rights to the “new code of laws” (websource). Abigail Adams claims a rebellion if the law isn’t passed to include the women into equal rights, such as  having a voice or any sort of representation in lawmaking or in general society, as it claims in the letters she wrote. In the letters, she voices her stern opinion on how husbands are trying to have complete control and protection over their wives, and also, how women need to be able to start being a part of the decision making process in general decisions. Abigail indirectly argues with her husband that he is being barbaric and arrogant towards the women of society by not taking what she has to say about equality among women and men seriously, but still her last stern letter proves why there should be outright equality and freedom amidst all women and men of civilization.\r\n\r\nThe letters of Abigail Adams and <i>Flowers in the Mirror </i>are similar in many ways, such as both Ruzhen and Abigail are unconditionally blunt and direct about their feelings about equality with both genders amid commonality. Regardless of John Adams response to his wife, Abigail nonetheless, still makes a stand to what she believes in, that is women having a voice when it comes to making decisions, and for there to be ultimate freedom between all people. Ruzhen’s fantasy shows his passion for an equal society when he names the different countries as they are in the <i>Flowers in the Mirror. </i>And also his will to push out his opinion on equality among men and women. Li Ruzhen and Abigail Adams was only a couple out of the many civilian feminists who had an opinion about freedom and equality for women.\r\n\r\nThe novel, <i>Flowers in the Mirror </i>is a powerful approach to changing society back in the 18th century, and also authoritative today seeing as there is complete, and full freedom and equality of the men and women today. This paramount piece of work should be restored for many generations to come because of its classic feminist entrance to a world that we live in today. Writers such as Li Ruzhen helped and pushed society become equal and as free-spirited as it is today.\r\n\r\n<strong>                                                                                                 Works Cited</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Introduction\" <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Nineteenth-Century Literary Criticism</span> Ed. Lynn M. Zott. Vol. 134. Gale Cengage 2004 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">eNotes.com</span> 14 Oct, 2013\r\n\r\n<b>This website gave me so much information about the author and his background, and more so the views and criticism that many scholars had pertaining to this novel. This is an amazing source to find the meaning of the true message of the book.</b>\r\n\r\n<b> </b>\r\n\r\n<i>LETTERS BETWEEN ABIGAIL ADAMS AND HER HUSBAND JOHN ADAMS</i>. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\n<b>This was definitely my favorite source. It extremely helped out with my understanding of other feminists and their views on inequality. It gave me a piece of history that I did not know before, and know now. </b>\r\n\r\n<b> </b>\r\n\r\nN.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. &lt;http://readtiger.com/wkp/en/Flowers_in_the_Mirror&gt;.\r\n\r\n<b>This is where I found a clear and thorough view of the book. Also, a good source to know exactly what the main story is about from beginning to end.</b>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nN.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. &lt;<a href=\"http://www.qesign.com/offer.php?x=Li_Ruzhen\">http://www.qesign.com/offer.php?x=Li_Ruzhen</a>&gt;.\r\n\r\n<b>This source gave me an excellent understanding of the author and his ideas. It completely gave me an inside scoop of the authors thoughts, and how it is to feel like a true feminist back in the 18th century.</b>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<i>The Women\'s Review of Books</i> , Vol. 9, No. 9 (Jun., 1992), pp. 14-15\r\n\r\n<b>This source was an incredible find because it showed a full list of feminists of the 18th century who voiced their opinions on inequality. Also, it answered many questions I had pertaining to the life lived by 18th century women.</b>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','DaveGargi-TCP2 Flowers in the Mirror','','inherit','open','open','','3483-revision-v1','','','2013-10-14 21:20:24','2013-10-15 03:20:24','',3483,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3498',0,'revision','',0),(3499,1,'2013-10-14 21:27:14','2013-10-15 03:27:14','[caption id=\"attachment_3405\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"284\"]<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/fie23976_21025.png\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3405 \" alt=\"fie23976_21025\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/fie23976_21025-284x300.png\" width=\"284\" height=\"300\" /></a> Xu Yang, <em>Bird\'s Eye View of the Capital</em> http://textflow.mcgraw-hill.com//figures/0077346181/fie23976_21025.png[/caption]\r\n\r\nThe Forbidden City \"was the most elaborate imperial monument of the Ming and Qing eras\" (Fiero). Once the Ming court settled it in 1421, it remained a cornerstone of Chinese government and artistic vision into the early 20th century. The longevity of this work and it\'s importance as the seat of Chinese government make a strong case for it\'s worth as an object of preservation. Built in Beijing, China, it represented the separation between the government bureaucracy and aristocracy from the peasants. This elitism is what earned the name Forbidden City, and the 10 foot high walls surrounding the complex added to the mystique and exclusivity of the work. Inside those walls were an elaborate microcosm of imperial life, and it\'s residents had every necessity and luxury possible without ever having to go into the outside world. The central structure was the Hall of Supreme Harmony where the emperor (In Chinese 皇帝, pronounced huangdi literally meaning \"Son of Heaven\") conducted his affairs. This marriage of spirituality with governance shows itself in the numerous temples and gardens alongside administrative buildings. Wood was the most common building material, cut from forests in Sichuan province and floated down the river to Beijing. Special consideration was placed in symmetry and practicality, with important government offices placed close together in a line towards the center. Most buildings were adorned with carvings and brightly painted in red, gold and green. The concave roofs were thatched with curved bricks and were supported by columns. The principle of feng shui was utilized to promote spatial harmony with the environment and focus the resident\'s <em>qi </em>(translated as energy).<!--more-->\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"500\"]<img alt=\"\" src=\"http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/thumbs/site_0439_0037-500-333-20100126175550.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" /> Architecture example, http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/thumbs/site_0439_0037-500-333-20100126175550.jpg[/caption]\r\n\r\nPrior to the Forbidden City, China already had a history of dynasties and strong central government. Confucianism were the social principles that made for a rigid class-based society, and the only way to achieve upward mobility involved passing a demanding test for entry into the bureaucracy. Towards the end of the Ming dynasty in the 16th century, there was a \"new tradition of humanist values that was forming with ever expanding influence... and was rooted in rapid economic development under a new historical condition, [that] had the newly risen stratum of city residents as its basis\" (Gao). This movement towards social equality did not gain serious momentum until the collapse of the Qing dynasty in 1912. Another important issue was the threat of foreign invaders, and the other great building project of the Ming dynasty was in restoring the Great Wall of China to protect against attacks from the north. Ultimately this project was unsuccessful as the Manchu, \"descendants of Mongols, Turks, and other tribes\" (Fiero) took power and claimed The Forbidden City as their seat of power. In keeping with authoritarian rule, all male Chinese had to cut their hair in the Manchu style.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"314\"]<img class=\" \" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/g/j/gjs4/textbooks/PM-China/graphics/Ch10/01.gif\" width=\"314\" height=\"360\" /> Manchu style haircut, http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/g/j/gjs4/textbooks/PM-China/graphics/Ch10/01.gif[/caption]\r\n\r\nBoth dynasties subsisted on taxes placed on the lower classes and used their wealth to adorn their palaces with expensive art commissions and decorations. Some of these pieces were exported to Europe which inspired the <em>chinoiserie </em>style, and goods such as tea, jade, and silk provided a new source of income. As wealth flowed into China more citizens became literate and there was a new demand for books. This rising middle class still saw ostracism from the ruling elite similar to the social situation in France.\r\n\r\nAt roughly the same time as the Forbidden City imperial courts in France and India constructed Versailles and Shahjahanabad. All of these palaces symbolized authoritarian rule and separated peasants from aristocrats. Unlike Versailles, Shahjahanabad and the Forbidden City were walled off completely, displaying a candid pessimism about personal safety. All of these palaces were lavishly decorated but Versailles exemplifies Christianity, Shahjahanabad Islamism, and the Forbidden City Confucianism. Versailles also showed radical evolution over time in it\'s architectural and artistic decoration, while the Forbidden City remained stoically resistant to foreign influences. The Han dynasty devised the \"hallmark of Chinese <strong>architecture</strong>—a graceful, overhanging roof, sometimes in several tiers, with upturned eaves\" (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia). Ming buildings such as Zhenhai Tower, Zhenjue Temple, and Tsui Sing Lau Pagoda all display this characteristic. What set the Forbidden City apart from them was the massive size of the work, none covered the same amount of area and served such an important role to the culture.\r\n\r\nThe temporal scope of the work makes it hard to quantify what time period it truly belongs to. \"The Chinese tradition of collecting cultural artefacts long predated the introduction of museums\" (Changhong), and the Forbidden City amassed a large collection of these artefacts. During the span of it\'s relevance in current affairs it was seen as a testament to Chinese identity. \"The public had long understood the cultural value of the Palace\" (Changhong). As a work the Forbidden City has been declared a world heritage site by UNESCO. It was concluded that \"The Imperial Palaces bear exceptional testimony to Chinese civilisation at the time of the Ming and Qing dynasties\" (UNESCO). In modern China the Forbidden City is highly regarded, and a backlash was triggered when the coffee chain Starbucks was planning on expanding onto the site. As one news anchor blogged \"...having one inside the <strong>City</strong> is inappropriate. This is not globalization, but an erosion of Chinese culture\" (Chenggang qtd. in Roberts). I was able to visit the Forbidden City in a trip to China and was impressed with the history at the site. I remember a giant lake that was very soothing to look at, and walking the cobbled stone streets it felt like the modern city outside the walls no longer existed. I can understand how an upper class citizen could live their whole life at the site, cloistered from the outside world. I was especially impressed with the artwork on display, it has an abstract quality that separates it from the Greco-Roman European style.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"390\"]<img class=\" \" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/images/hb/hb_37.191.1.jpg\" width=\"390\" height=\"345\" /> Ming jar, http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/images/hb/hb_37.191.1.jpg[/caption]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nFiero, Gloria. \"The Humanistic Tradition Book 3, The European Renaissance, The Reformation, And Global Encounter.\" <em>6<sup>th</sup>. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages</em>, 2010.  September 29, 2013.\r\n\r\nThis source provided basic information on the work and helped when making comparisons to other palaces.\r\n\r\nChanghong, Guo. 2008. \"The Qing Palace: from a Forbidden City to a Public Heritage.\" <i>Museum International</i> 60, no. 1/2: 78-88. <i>Academic Search Complete</i>, EBSCO<i>host</i> (accessed September 29, 2013).\r\n\r\nThis source helped with information on the Qing Dynasty.\r\n\r\nGao, Xiang, Yilin, tr Deng, and Shiwu, tr Deng. 2010. \"The rise of a new tradition: Changes in values and life styles in late Ming China /.\" <i>Frontiers Of History In China</i> 5, no. 1: 1-29. <i>Humanities Full Text (H.W. Wilson)</i>, EBSCO<i>host.</i> (accessed September 29, 2013).\r\n\r\nThis source gave some historical context for the Ming Dynasty.\r\n\r\nUNESCO. \"Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang\" <em>UNESCO. </em>Web. 14 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\nThis source provided information on the Forbidden City and it\'s history.\r\n\r\nRoberts, Dexter. \"Forbidden Starbucks.\" <i>Businessweek Online</i> (2007): 14. <i>Business Source Complete</i>. Web. 14 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\nThis source was helpful in providing an example of how The Forbidden City is still relevant today.\r\n\r\n\"Chinese Architecture.\" <i>Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6Th Edition</i> (2013): 1-2. <i>Literary Reference Center</i>. Web. 14 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\nThis source helped with background information on architecture and examples of similar works.','TCP2 Forbidden City','','inherit','open','open','','3404-revision-v1','','','2013-10-14 21:27:14','2013-10-15 03:27:14','',3404,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3499',0,'revision','',0),(3501,77,'2013-10-14 21:32:55','2013-10-15 03:32:55','<strong>\r\n</strong>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/TCP.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3488 aligncenter\" alt=\"TCP\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/TCP-198x300.jpg\" width=\"215\" height=\"300\" /></a></p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong> Li Ruzhen’s Flowers in the Mirror</strong>\r\n\r\n<b id=\"docs-internal-guid-492ed293-ba2c-a613-71b5-778223bf3d4d\"><a href=\"http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2503277\">http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2503277</a></b>\r\n\r\nBy: Gargi Dave\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLi Ju-Chen, (as known as Li Ruzhen), (1763-1830) was an author known to write novels of fantasy with feminist perception, although a few of his works such as: his treatise on phonology <i>Yin</i><i>‐</i><i>chien, </i>a chess handbook <i>Shou</i><i>‐</i><i>tzu p\'u</i>, were not published due to it being lost, Ruzhen’s most important book written was his 1828 novel, <i>Flowers in the Mirror. </i>According to web source, eNotes, “Through his novel, he attempted to reconcile classical Confucianism with Neo-Confucianism and meld traditional values and aesthetics with modern ideas. Li Ruzhen is remembered today as an erudite social critic and early feminist.” <i>Flowers in the Mirror</i> definitely depicted a fantasy Ruzhen had, creating a world where women of China played the role of men; working, taking care of the financial status of the family, going to school and making a career, while the men wore women’s clothing and taking care of the children playing the role of a woman. Ruzhen’s views completely shocked readers in this 100 chapter novel. Li Ruzhen established his knowledge and opinion on how women and men should be equal instead of having gender roles, and he also expresses, “criticism of the education and examination systems in China” (web source enotes) in the <i>Flowers in the Mirror</i>, and due to his boldness and adventurous dare to write such a feminist book, <i>Flowers in the Mirror</i> should be protected and also read for future generations to come.<!--more-->\r\n\r\nThis classic novel that Ruzhen worked on for over a decade became a book of no classification. This feminist book was set in the Tang Dynasty with the ruler Empress Wu Zetian who overruled her brother’s shine to the throne, and decided to do things her way and demanded impossible tasks. As one of the tasks, she commands the flower spirits to allow the flowers upon the earth to bloom the very next day, which was unimaginable and impossible. But, the flower spirits did so and they were taken out of Heaven and put onto the earth as punishment from the Gods and at the end of their compensation, they will be allowed back into the Heavens. The Fairy of a Hundred Flowers’ father, Tang Ao, gets knocked down from his high rank to the lowest rank possible by the Empress. She suspects he has plotted against her will, and due to that, he gives up the animosity of the mortal life and transforms himself to an immortal being. Tang Ao decides to embark upon a journey with his brother-in-law, Merchant Lin, because he was told by a dream spirit that his afterlife was somewhere afar. During his adventurous quest he embarked upon, he came upon many flower spirits and accompanied them with their troubles, and during this journey he vanished into the mountain of Little Penglai. During his wandering, he visited the many countries as stated in web source “Readtiger”: “Country of Gentlemen, the Country of Women, the Country of Intestineless People, the Country of Sexless People, and the Country of Two-Faced People and many more” (websource). Towards the end of this novel, the Fairy of a Hundred Flowers searches for her father out into Little Penlai, and the many flower spirits with their husbands and brothers gather and throw the Empress out from her throne, and reinstate Emperor Tang Chung-tsung to his rightful throne. Ruzhen calls the Empress a “King” explaining the fact that she is ruler, and although she is a woman, she can also be defined as a “King”.\r\n\r\nDuring the time of when Flowers in the Mirror was written, there were many women writers who published letters and books explaining the problem women have with their unequal rights compared to men. This work was not typical of its era, because during this time period, all women were subjected to their men and their own vanity. Women had no voice, and also weren’t in their own control. There were many other feminists during this time such as Abigail Adams, Anna Wheeler, Frances Wright and others. They all similarly wrote about the social order in communities and how inequality was a major issue for women in society. The drive for these feminists to voice their opinions were very opinionated and very open due to the fact that they wanted to be a part of a change where women and men can altogether live equally. There were no laws of equal rights between men and women, but the feminists during the 18th century surely voiced their full on opinions about the issue.\r\n\r\nThis specific piece of work is definitely unusual for its time. Ruzhen was an opinionated man with a big heart to prove his ideas about empowered women and strived to prove his point about women being as equal as men, and also how women and men can play each other’s roles with the execution of society’s role as women only being subjects of vanity. In writing the <i>Flowers in the Mirror,</i> Ruzhen was simply implying for society to treat both genders equally. After writing this novel for about 15 years, Ruzhen accomplished getting his point across with his vision in this fantasy novel and in web source “Readtiger”, “When Li writes about the different countries he is giving his aspirations for an ideal society. The novel is full of fantasy which shows the author\'s unique vision of life” (websource). During this time period of the 1800’s, women were seen as subjects of vanity and played the role of beauty and being a housewife. Society was the complete opposite of how Ruzhen fantasized society to be in his novel. This novel completely cracked the typical gender role played in reality. Throughout this book, the author indirectly states how women are able to do the tasks of men as well and easily as men are able to do the same.\r\n\r\n<i>          Flowers in the Mirror</i> was received as a “miscellaneous novel” at this time due to the mixture of genre’s in the novel (websource). There was much controversy in his reason of writing <i>Flowers in the Mirror</i> because in Ruzhen’s version of <i>Utopia </i>there was complete equality for men so therefore, “<i>Flowers in the Mirror</i> does not represent a completely revolutionary vision” (websource.enotes). His ideas inside<i> Flowers in the Mirror</i> did not give complete equality for women due to Utopia being a world for the equalness for all men. Otherwise, Ruzhen’s feminist approach was received fairly well. He introduced a “new world” during a time where women and men weren’t equal, and his approach gave many scholars new ideas and thoughts about a world where women could be just as equal as men.\r\n\r\nToday, many people have the same perception of <i>Flowers in the Mirror </i>back then compared to today. Editor Lynn M. Scott states, “Criticism of Li Ju‐chen\'s work is confined to the<i> Flowers in the Mirror </i>and addresses three main issues in the novel: the breadth of learning Li Ju‐chen demonstrates in the text; his criticism of the education and examination systems of China; and his denunciation of harmful and discriminatory practices against women.” People were shocked during the 1800’s as well as today, due to this book (websource.enotes). Li Ruzhen is known as one of the most feminist writers with a very narrow perception of society. Many people today, though, accept the author’s views on equality for women because today, there is complete equality for men and women. The only aspect which scholars see to be unusual is that a very knowledgeable man (Ruzhen) during this time in China has complete passion for equality among every individual in society, including men and women.\r\n\r\nMy personal reaction was uttered disbelief that a man living in Beijing during the 1800’s, a time where there is complete social order among society pertaining to the rights of men and women, wrote a novel about society needing to give entire equal rights to women in China. There are many different sections in this novel, but the one that sticks out to me is the gender roles and the different countries Ruzhen fantasized about in his work. I admire that he wrote this book in reference to his own opinion, and he sticks to his beliefs about full equality among members of society. The story of the Empress ruling the nation is impressive in my opinion, especially the part of the story where Ruzhen refers Empress Wu Zetian as “King”, that comparison shows that a woman in society can also play the role of a man or a “King”. Despite the fact that in the story, the Empress is thrown out of her own power as “King”, the story still gives readers today a new aspect of how back then, there were people who voiced their opinions on huge ordeals such as equality among society.\r\n\r\nThe <i>Flowers in the Mirror </i>compares to many works from generations of feminists, and only a handful during the 18th century. Rhuzen’s novel specifically compares to one particular work, the letters sent back and forth between Abigail Adams and her husband John Adams during the late 17th century, early 18th century. The few letters that Abigail sent to her husband declared that she had heard John declare independence, and she would like for him to add women’s equal rights to the “new code of laws” (websource). Abigail Adams claims a rebellion if the law isn’t passed to include the women into equal rights, such as  having a voice or any sort of representation in lawmaking or in general society, as it claims in the letters she wrote. In the letters, she voices her stern opinion on how husbands are trying to have complete control and protection over their wives, and also, how women need to be able to start being a part of the decision making process in general decisions. Abigail indirectly argues with her husband that he is being barbaric and arrogant towards the women of society by not taking what she has to say about equality among women and men seriously, but still her last stern letter proves why there should be outright equality and freedom amidst all women and men of civilization.\r\n\r\nThe letters of Abigail Adams and <i>Flowers in the Mirror </i>are similar in many ways, such as both Ruzhen and Abigail are unconditionally blunt and direct about their feelings about equality with both genders amid commonality. Regardless of John Adams response to his wife, Abigail nonetheless, still makes a stand to what she believes in, that is women having a voice when it comes to making decisions, and for there to be ultimate freedom between all people. Ruzhen’s fantasy shows his passion for an equal society when he names the different countries as they are in the <i>Flowers in the Mirror. </i>And also his will to push out his opinion on equality among men and women. Li Ruzhen and Abigail Adams was only a couple out of the many civilian feminists who had an opinion about freedom and equality for women.\r\n\r\nThe novel, <i>Flowers in the Mirror </i>is a powerful approach to changing society back in the 18th century, and also authoritative today seeing as there is complete, and full freedom and equality of the men and women today. This paramount piece of work should be restored for many generations to come because of its classic feminist entrance to a world that we live in today. Writers such as Li Ruzhen helped and pushed society become equal and as free-spirited as it is today.\r\n\r\n<strong>                                                                                                 Works Cited</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Introduction\" <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Nineteenth-Century Literary Criticism</span> Ed. Lynn M. Zott. Vol. 134. Gale Cengage 2004 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">eNotes.com</span> 14 Oct, 2013\r\n\r\n<b>This website gave me so much information about the author and his background, and more so the views and criticism that many scholars had pertaining to this novel. This is an amazing source to find the meaning of the true message of the book.</b>\r\n\r\n<b> </b>\r\n\r\n<i>LETTERS BETWEEN ABIGAIL ADAMS AND HER HUSBAND JOHN ADAMS</i>. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\n<b>This was definitely my favorite source. It extremely helped out with my understanding of other feminists and their views on inequality. It gave me a piece of history that I did not know before, and know now. </b>\r\n\r\n<b> </b>\r\n\r\nN.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. &lt;http://readtiger.com/wkp/en/Flowers_in_the_Mirror&gt;.\r\n\r\n<b>This is where I found a clear and thorough view of the book. Also, a good source to know exactly what the main story is about from beginning to end.</b>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nN.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. &lt;<a href=\"http://www.qesign.com/offer.php?x=Li_Ruzhen\">http://www.qesign.com/offer.php?x=Li_Ruzhen</a>&gt;.\r\n\r\n<b>This source gave me an excellent understanding of the author and his ideas. It completely gave me an inside scoop of the authors thoughts, and how it is to feel like a true feminist back in the 18th century.</b>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<i>The Women\'s Review of Books</i> , Vol. 9, No. 9 (Jun., 1992), pp. 14-15\r\n\r\n<b>This source was an incredible find because it showed a full list of feminists of the 18th century who voiced their opinions on inequality. Also, it answered many questions I had pertaining to the life lived by 18th century women.</b>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','DaveGargi-TCP2 Flowers in the Mirror','','inherit','open','open','','3483-revision-v1','','','2013-10-14 21:32:55','2013-10-15 03:32:55','',3483,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3501',0,'revision','',0),(3502,95,'2013-10-14 21:51:28','2013-10-15 03:51:28','<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3504 aligncenter\" alt=\"Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_-225x300.jpg\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" /></a>&lt;http://userserve-ak.last.fm/serve/_/51058549/Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_.jpg&gt;</p>\r\nI\'ve witnessed my fair share of under-rated music or songs, however I don\'t think I\'ve seen anything more under-appriciated than a nice classical arrangement. Lots of people would disagree if I told them how great Bach\'s Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 in G Major was, and still is today. Fitting to the theme back in the classical period around the 1700s, The concerto is very emotionally appealing arrangement that knows nothing but excitement and euphoria. The sweet sound of a violin behind the happy melody from two recorders sets the theme. Flowery fields, windy pastures, A busy day in your happy small town, any of these thoughts can be easily associated with the great example of the Sentimental style in the classical period.\r\n<!--more-->\r\n\r\nWhat makes this concerto shine is it\'s well defined movement and it\'s changes in \'excitement\' all while matching it\'s tones and notes, and generally sounding nice for the ear. Bach accomplished this with a very interesting concept. A strong contrast between a<em> very skilled</em> minimal group of instruments, and a much larger group of instruments that plays adjacent to the smaller group. The very skilled small group is of a<strong> Concertino</strong>, which is the two recorders and violin. The word means \"little ensemble\" and is usually what makes the harmony, and the part you would sing along to if you could, anyways. Then you have the <strong>Ripieno</strong>, which is the combination of a viola, basso, violone, cello and two additional violins.  As it compliments the <strong>Concertino</strong>, this actually makes most of the rhythm in the Concerto.\r\nThe full title the Concerto was given in the sheet music is called \"<em>Concerto 4ta à Violino Principale, due Fiauti d\'Echo, due Violini, una Viola è Violone in Ripieno, Violoncello è Continuo</em>\" and it comes with three movements. In order it goes from <em><strong>Allegro</strong></em>, to <em><strong>Andant\'e</strong></em>, to <em><strong>Presto</strong></em>. Bach himself would play the Concertino\'s violin for most of the solo parts, and eventually in Andante, he will take over with his harpsichord. This concerto was the very latest of his harpsichord concertos, only the same concerto in F major. Bach sadly never had his amazing works fully preformed during his time because of the lack of proper musicians to handle it\'s expertise.\r\nI know I\'d take this with me on aboard the ship, this work of art has been under-appreciated even when Bach was alive at the time. And there\'s nothing I would love to do more than to <em>pester my crew-mates</em> with bouncy, happy, around the clock classical goodness. Only someone who appreciates fine perfectly themed arrangements and it\'s collaboration of musical talents can truly enjoy this concerto, and I\'m more than sure all of the <strong>Brandenburg Concertos</strong>. It\'s still treasured even today, and I want to preserve a fine example of musical talent that was accomplished.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Works Cited.</p>\r\nBACH, J.S. [electronic resource] : Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 / Concerto for 2 Violins / BACH, J.B.: Suite in G minor (Irish Barqoue Orchestra, Huggett). G : Naxos Digital Services Ltd.: Hong Kong, 2009.\r\n\r\nDirst, Matthew Charles. Engaging Bach: The keyboard legacy from Marpurg to Mendelssohn. New York: Cambridge UP, 2012.\r\n\r\nEstrella, Espie. \"Music of the Classical Period.\" About.com Music Education. About.com, n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. &lt;http://musiced.about.com/od/historyofmusic/a/classicalmusic.htm&gt;.\r\n\r\nBrandenburg concerto no. 4 in G, BWV 1049. MP3. Philips Classics, 1989.\r\n\r\nJohann Sebastian Bach\'s Werke, vol.19: Kammermusik, dritter band, Bach-Gesellschaft, Leipzig; ed. Wilhelm Rust, 1871','Brandenburg Concerto No. 4','','publish','open','open','','brandenburg-concerto-no-4','','','2013-10-17 16:06:51','2013-10-17 22:06:51','',0,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3502',0,'post','',12),(3504,95,'2013-10-14 21:43:05','2013-10-15 03:43:05','','Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_','','inherit','open','open','','johannsebastianbacha152yih3l_sl600_','','','2013-10-14 21:43:05','2013-10-15 03:43:05','',3502,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_.jpg',0,'attachment','image/jpeg',0),(3505,95,'2013-10-14 21:49:51','2013-10-15 03:49:51','<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-3504\" alt=\"Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_-225x300.jpg\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" /></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Johann Sebastian Bach was a German composer, organist, harpsichordist, violist, and violinist of the Baroque period who wrote Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 in G Major.\r\n&lt;http://userserve-ak.last.fm/serve/_/51058549/Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_.jpg&gt;\r\n\r\n</p>\r\nI\'ve witnessed my fair share of under-rated music or songs, however I don\'t think I\'ve seen anything more under-appriciated than a nice classical arrangement. Lots of people would disagree if I told them how great Bach\'s Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 in G Major was, and still is today. Fitting to the theme back in the classical period around the 1700s, The concerto is very emotionally appealing song that knows nothing but excitement and euphoria. The sweet sound of a violin behind the happy melody from two recorders sets the theme. Flowery fields, windy pastures, A busy day in your happy small town, any of these thoughts can be easily associated with the Sentimental style in the classical period.\r\n<!--more-->\r\n\r\nWhat makes this concerto shine is it\'s well defined movement and it\'s changes in \'excitement\' all while matching it\'s tones and notes, and generally sounding nice for the ear. Bach accomplished this with a very interesting concept. A strong contrast between a very skilled minimal group of instruments, and a much larger group of instruments that plays adjacent to the smaller group. The very skilled small group is of a Concertino, which is the two recorders and violin. The word means \"little ensemble\" and is usually what makes the harmony, and the part you would sing along to if you could anyways. Then you have the Ripieno, which is the combination of a viola, basso, violone, cello and two additional violins.  As it compliments the Concertino, this actually makes most of the rhythm in the Concerto.\r\nThe full title the Concerto was given in the sheet music is called \"Concerto 4ta à Violino Principale, due Fiauti d\'Echo, due Violini, una Viola è Violone in Ripieno, Violoncello è Continuo\" and it comes with three movements. In order it goes from Allegro, to Andant\'e, to Presto. Bach himself would play the Concertino\'s violin for most of the solo parts, and eventually in Andante, he will take over with his harpsichord. This concerto was the very latest of his harpsichord concertos, only the same concerto in F major. Bach sadly never had his amazing works fully preformed during his time because of the lack of proper musicians to handle it\'s expertise.\r\nI know I\'d take this with me on aboard the ship, this work of art has been under-appreciated even when Bach was alive at the time. And there\'s nothing I would love to do more than to pester my crew-mates with bouncy, happy, around the clock classical goodness. Only someone who appreciates fine perfectly themed arrangement and it\'s collaboration of musical talents can truly enjoy this concerto, and I\'m more than sure all of the Concertos. It\'s still treasured even today, and I want to preserve a fine example of musical talent that was accomplished.\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Works Cited.\r\n\r\nBACH, J.S. [electronic resource] : Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 / Concerto for 2 Violins / BACH, J.B.: Suite in G minor (Irish Barqoue Orchestra, Huggett). G : Naxos Digital Services Ltd.: Hong Kong, 2009.\r\n\r\nDirst, Matthew Charles. Engaging Bach: The keyboard legacy from Marpurg to Mendelssohn. New York: Cambridge UP, 2012.\r\n\r\nEstrella, Espie. \"Music of the Classical Period.\" About.com Music Education. About.com, n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. &lt;http://musiced.about.com/od/historyofmusic/a/classicalmusic.htm&gt;.\r\n\r\nBrandenburg concerto no. 4 in G, BWV 1049. MP3. Philips Classics, 1989.\r\n\r\nJohann Sebastian Bach\'s Werke, vol.19: Kammermusik, dritter band, Bach-Gesellschaft, Leipzig; ed. Wilhelm Rust, 1871</p>','Brandenburg Concerto No. 4','','inherit','open','open','','3502-revision-v1','','','2013-10-14 21:49:51','2013-10-15 03:49:51','',3502,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3505',0,'revision','',0),(3506,95,'2013-10-14 21:50:20','2013-10-15 03:50:20','<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3504\" alt=\"Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_-225x300.jpg\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" /></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Johann Sebastian Bach was a German composer, organist, harpsichordist, violist, and violinist of the Baroque period who wrote Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 in G Major.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\r\n&lt;http://userserve-ak.last.fm/serve/_/51058549/Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_.jpg&gt;\r\n\r\n</p>\r\nI\'ve witnessed my fair share of under-rated music or songs, however I don\'t think I\'ve seen anything more under-appriciated than a nice classical arrangement. Lots of people would disagree if I told them how great Bach\'s Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 in G Major was, and still is today. Fitting to the theme back in the classical period around the 1700s, The concerto is very emotionally appealing song that knows nothing but excitement and euphoria. The sweet sound of a violin behind the happy melody from two recorders sets the theme. Flowery fields, windy pastures, A busy day in your happy small town, any of these thoughts can be easily associated with the Sentimental style in the classical period.\r\n<!--more-->\r\n\r\nWhat makes this concerto shine is it\'s well defined movement and it\'s changes in \'excitement\' all while matching it\'s tones and notes, and generally sounding nice for the ear. Bach accomplished this with a very interesting concept. A strong contrast between a very skilled minimal group of instruments, and a much larger group of instruments that plays adjacent to the smaller group. The very skilled small group is of a Concertino, which is the two recorders and violin. The word means \"little ensemble\" and is usually what makes the harmony, and the part you would sing along to if you could anyways. Then you have the Ripieno, which is the combination of a viola, basso, violone, cello and two additional violins.  As it compliments the Concertino, this actually makes most of the rhythm in the Concerto.\r\nThe full title the Concerto was given in the sheet music is called \"Concerto 4ta à Violino Principale, due Fiauti d\'Echo, due Violini, una Viola è Violone in Ripieno, Violoncello è Continuo\" and it comes with three movements. In order it goes from Allegro, to Andant\'e, to Presto. Bach himself would play the Concertino\'s violin for most of the solo parts, and eventually in Andante, he will take over with his harpsichord. This concerto was the very latest of his harpsichord concertos, only the same concerto in F major. Bach sadly never had his amazing works fully preformed during his time because of the lack of proper musicians to handle it\'s expertise.\r\nI know I\'d take this with me on aboard the ship, this work of art has been under-appreciated even when Bach was alive at the time. And there\'s nothing I would love to do more than to pester my crew-mates with bouncy, happy, around the clock classical goodness. Only someone who appreciates fine perfectly themed arrangement and it\'s collaboration of musical talents can truly enjoy this concerto, and I\'m more than sure all of the Concertos. It\'s still treasured even today, and I want to preserve a fine example of musical talent that was accomplished.\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Works Cited.\r\n\r\nBACH, J.S. [electronic resource] : Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 / Concerto for 2 Violins / BACH, J.B.: Suite in G minor (Irish Barqoue Orchestra, Huggett). G : Naxos Digital Services Ltd.: Hong Kong, 2009.\r\n\r\nDirst, Matthew Charles. Engaging Bach: The keyboard legacy from Marpurg to Mendelssohn. New York: Cambridge UP, 2012.\r\n\r\nEstrella, Espie. \"Music of the Classical Period.\" About.com Music Education. About.com, n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. &lt;http://musiced.about.com/od/historyofmusic/a/classicalmusic.htm&gt;.\r\n\r\nBrandenburg concerto no. 4 in G, BWV 1049. MP3. Philips Classics, 1989.\r\n\r\nJohann Sebastian Bach\'s Werke, vol.19: Kammermusik, dritter band, Bach-Gesellschaft, Leipzig; ed. Wilhelm Rust, 1871</p>','Brandenburg Concerto No. 4','','inherit','open','open','','3502-revision-v1','','','2013-10-14 21:50:20','2013-10-15 03:50:20','',3502,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3506',0,'revision','',0),(3509,95,'2013-10-14 21:57:32','2013-10-15 03:57:32','<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3504\" alt=\"Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_-225x300.jpg\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" /></a></p>\r\nI\'ve witnessed my fair share of under-rated music or songs, however I don\'t think I\'ve seen anything more under-appriciated than a nice classical arrangement. Lots of people would disagree if I told them how great Bach\'s Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 in G Major was, and still is today. Fitting to the theme back in the classical period around the 1700s, The concerto is very emotionally appealing arrangement that knows nothing but excitement and euphoria. The sweet sound of a violin behind the happy melody from two recorders sets the theme. Flowery fields, windy pastures, A busy day in your happy small town, any of these thoughts can be easily associated with the great example of the Sentimental style in the classical period.\r\n<!--more-->\r\n\r\nWhat makes this concerto shine is it\'s well defined movement and it\'s changes in \'excitement\' all while matching it\'s tones and notes, and generally sounding nice for the ear. Bach accomplished this with a very interesting concept. A strong contrast between a<em> very skilled</em> minimal group of instruments, and a much larger group of instruments that plays adjacent to the smaller group. The very skilled small group is of a<strong> Concertino</strong>, which is the two recorders and violin. The word means \"little ensemble\" and is usually what makes the harmony, and the part you would sing along to if you could, anyways. Then you have the <strong>Ripieno</strong>, which is the combination of a viola, basso, violone, cello and two additional violins.  As it compliments the <strong>Concertino</strong>, this actually makes most of the rhythm in the Concerto.\r\nThe full title the Concerto was given in the sheet music is called \"<em>Concerto 4ta à Violino Principale, due Fiauti d\'Echo, due Violini, una Viola è Violone in Ripieno, Violoncello è Continuo</em>\" and it comes with three movements. In order it goes from <em><strong>Allegro</strong></em>, to <em><strong>Andant\'e</strong></em>, to <em><strong>Presto</strong></em>. Bach himself would play the Concertino\'s violin for most of the solo parts, and eventually in Andante, he will take over with his harpsichord. This concerto was the very latest of his harpsichord concertos, only the same concerto in F major. Bach sadly never had his amazing works fully preformed during his time because of the lack of proper musicians to handle it\'s expertise.\r\nI know I\'d take this with me on aboard the ship, this work of art has been under-appreciated even when Bach was alive at the time. And there\'s nothing I would love to do more than to <em>pester my crew-mates</em> with bouncy, happy, around the clock classical goodness. Only someone who appreciates fine perfectly themed arrangements and it\'s collaboration of musical talents can truly enjoy this concerto, and I\'m more than sure all of the <strong>Brandenburg Concertos</strong>. It\'s still treasured even today, and I want to preserve a fine example of musical talent that was accomplished.\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Works Cited.</p>\r\nBACH, J.S. [electronic resource] : Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 / Concerto for 2 Violins / BACH, J.B.: Suite in G minor (Irish Barqoue Orchestra, Huggett). G : Naxos Digital Services Ltd.: Hong Kong, 2009.\r\n\r\nDirst, Matthew Charles. Engaging Bach: The keyboard legacy from Marpurg to Mendelssohn. New York: Cambridge UP, 2012.\r\n\r\nEstrella, Espie. \"Music of the Classical Period.\" About.com Music Education. About.com, n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. &lt;http://musiced.about.com/od/historyofmusic/a/classicalmusic.htm&gt;.\r\n\r\nBrandenburg concerto no. 4 in G, BWV 1049. MP3. Philips Classics, 1989.\r\n\r\nJohann Sebastian Bach\'s Werke, vol.19: Kammermusik, dritter band, Bach-Gesellschaft, Leipzig; ed. Wilhelm Rust, 1871','Brandenburg Concerto No. 4','','inherit','open','open','','3502-revision-v1','','','2013-10-14 21:57:32','2013-10-15 03:57:32','',3502,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3509',0,'revision','',0),(3507,77,'2013-10-14 21:52:09','2013-10-15 03:52:09','<strong>\r\n</strong>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/TCP.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3488 aligncenter\" alt=\"TCP\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/TCP-198x300.jpg\" width=\"215\" height=\"300\" /></a></p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong> Li Ruzhen’s Flowers in the Mirror</strong>\r\n\r\n<b id=\"docs-internal-guid-492ed293-ba2c-a613-71b5-778223bf3d4d\"><a href=\"http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2503277\">http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/2503277</a></b>\r\n\r\nBy: Gargi Dave\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLi Ju-Chen, (as known as Li Ruzhen), (1763-1830) was an author known to write novels of fantasy with feminist perception, although a few of his works such as: his treatise on phonology <i>Yin</i><i>‐</i><i>chien, </i>a chess handbook <i>Shou</i><i>‐</i><i>tzu p\'u</i>, were not published due to it being lost, Ruzhen’s most important book written was his 1828 novel, <i>Flowers in the Mirror. </i>According to web source, eNotes, “Through his novel, he attempted to reconcile classical Confucianism with Neo-Confucianism and meld traditional values and aesthetics with modern ideas. Li Ruzhen is remembered today as an erudite social critic and early feminist.” <i>Flowers in the Mirror</i> definitely depicted a fantasy Ruzhen had, creating a world where women of China played the role of men; working, taking care of the financial status of the family, going to school and making a career, while the men wore women’s clothing and taking care of the children playing the role of a woman. Ruzhen’s views completely shocked readers in this 100 chapter novel. Li Ruzhen established his knowledge and opinion on how women and men should be equal instead of having gender roles, and he also expresses, “criticism of the education and examination systems in China” (web source enotes) in <i>Flowers in the Mirror</i>, and due to his boldness and adventurous dare to write such a feminist book, <i>Flowers in the Mirror</i> should be protected and also read for future generations to come.<!--more-->\r\n\r\nThis classic novel that Ruzhen worked on for over a decade became a book of no classification. This feminist book was set in the Tang Dynasty with the ruler Empress Wu Zetian who overruled her brother’s shine to the throne, and decided to do things her way and demanded impossible tasks. As one of the tasks, she commands the flower spirits to allow the flowers upon the earth to bloom the very next day, which was unimaginable and impossible. But, the flower spirits did so and they were taken out of Heaven and put onto the earth as punishment from the Gods and at the end of their compensation, they will be allowed back into the Heavens. The Fairy of a Hundred Flowers’ father, Tang Ao, gets knocked down from his high rank to the lowest rank possible by the Empress. She suspects he has plotted against her will, and due to that, he gives up the animosity of the mortal life and transforms himself to an immortal being. Tang Ao decides to embark upon a journey with his brother-in-law, Merchant Lin, because he was told by a dream spirit that his afterlife was somewhere afar. During his adventurous quest he embarked upon, he came upon many flower spirits and accompanied them with their troubles, and during this journey he vanished into the mountain of Little Penglai. During his wandering, he visited the many countries as stated in web source “Readtiger”: “Country of Gentlemen, the Country of Women, the Country of Intestineless People, the Country of Sexless People, and the Country of Two-Faced People and many more” (websource). Towards the end of this novel, the Fairy of a Hundred Flowers searches for her father out into Little Penlai, and the many flower spirits with their husbands and brothers gather and throw the Empress out from her throne, and reinstate Emperor Tang Chung-tsung to his rightful throne. Ruzhen calls the Empress a “King” explaining the fact that she is ruler, and although she is a woman, she can also be defined as a “King”.\r\n\r\nDuring the time of when <em>Flowers in the Mirror</em> was written, there were many women writers who published letters and books explaining the problem women have with their unequal rights compared to men. This work was not typical of its era, because during this time period, all women were subjected to their men and their own vanity. Women had no voice, and also weren’t in their own control. There were many other feminists during this time such as Abigail Adams, Anna Wheeler, Frances Wright and others. They all similarly wrote about the social order in communities and how inequality was a major issue for women in society. The drive for these feminists to voice their opinions were very opinionated and very open due to the fact that they wanted to be a part of a change where women and men can altogether live equally. There were no laws of equal rights between men and women, but the feminists during the 18th century surely voiced their full on opinions about the issue.\r\n\r\nThis specific piece of work is definitely unusual for its time. Ruzhen was an opinionated man with a big heart to prove his ideas about empowered women and strived to prove his point about women being as equal as men, and also how women and men can play each other’s roles with the execution of society’s role as women only being subjects of vanity. In writing <i>Flowers in the Mirror,</i> Ruzhen was simply implying for society to treat both genders equally. After writing this novel for about 15 years, Ruzhen accomplished getting his point across with his vision in this fantasy novel and in web source “Readtiger”, “When Li writes about the different countries he is giving his aspirations for an ideal society. The novel is full of fantasy which shows the author\'s unique vision of life” (websource). During this time period of the 1800’s, women were seen as subjects of vanity and played the role of beauty and being a housewife. Society was the complete opposite of how Ruzhen fantasized society to be in his novel. This novel completely cracked the typical gender role played in reality. Throughout this book, the author indirectly states how women are able to do the tasks of men as well and easily as men are able to do the same.\r\n\r\n<i>          Flowers in the Mirror</i> was received as a “miscellaneous novel” at this time due to the mixture of genre’s in the novel (websource). There was much controversy in his reason of writing <i>Flowers in the Mirror</i> because in Ruzhen’s version of <i>Utopia </i>there was complete equality for men so therefore, “<i>Flowers in the Mirror</i> does not represent a completely revolutionary vision” (websource.enotes). His ideas inside<i> Flowers in the Mirror</i> did not give complete equality for women due to Utopia being a world for the equalness for all men. Otherwise, Ruzhen’s feminist approach was received fairly well. He introduced a “new world” during a time where women and men weren’t equal, and his approach gave many scholars new ideas and thoughts about a world where women could be just as equal as men.\r\n\r\nToday, many people have the same perception of <i>Flowers in the Mirror </i>back then compared to today. Editor Lynn M. Scott states, “Criticism of Li Ju‐chen\'s work is confined to the<i> Flowers in the Mirror </i>and addresses three main issues in the novel: the breadth of learning Li Ju‐chen demonstrates in the text; his criticism of the education and examination systems of China; and his denunciation of harmful and discriminatory practices against women.” People were shocked during the 1800’s as well as today, due to this book (websource.enotes). Li Ruzhen is known as one of the most feminist writers with a very narrow perception of society. Many people today, though, accept the author’s views on equality for women because today, there is complete equality for men and women. The only aspect which scholars see to be unusual is that a very knowledgeable man (Ruzhen) during this time in China has complete passion for equality among every individual in society, including men and women.\r\n\r\nMy personal reaction was uttered disbelief that a man living in Beijing during the 1800’s, a time where there is complete social order among society pertaining to the rights of men and women, wrote a novel about society needing to give entire equal rights to women in China. There are many different sections in this novel, but the one that sticks out to me is the gender roles and the different countries Ruzhen fantasized about in his work. I admire that he wrote this book in reference to his own opinion, and he sticks to his beliefs about full equality among members of society. The story of the Empress ruling the nation is impressive in my opinion, especially the part of the story where Ruzhen refers Empress Wu Zetian as “King”, that comparison shows that a woman in society can also play the role of a man or a “King”. Despite the fact that in the story, the Empress is thrown out of her own power as “King”, the story still gives readers today a new aspect of how back then, there were people who voiced their opinions on huge ordeals such as equality among society.\r\n\r\n<i>Flowers in the Mirror </i>compares to many works from generations of feminists, and only a handful during the 18th century. Rhuzen’s novel specifically compares to one particular work, the letters sent back and forth between Abigail Adams and her husband John Adams during the late 17th century, early 18th century. The few letters that Abigail sent to her husband declared that she had heard John declare independence, and she would like for him to add women’s equal rights to the “new code of laws” (websource). Abigail Adams claims a rebellion if the law isn’t passed to include the women into equal rights, such as  having a voice or any sort of representation in lawmaking or in general society, as it claims in the letters she wrote. In the letters, she voices her stern opinion on how husbands are trying to have complete control and protection over their wives, and also, how women need to be able to start being a part of the decision making process in general decisions. Abigail indirectly argues with her husband that he is being barbaric and arrogant towards the women of society by not taking what she has to say about equality among women and men seriously, but still her last stern letter proves why there should be outright equality and freedom amidst all women and men of civilization.\r\n\r\nThe letters of Abigail Adams and <i>Flowers in the Mirror </i>are similar in many ways, such as both Ruzhen and Abigail are unconditionally blunt and direct about their feelings about equality with both genders amid commonality. Regardless of John Adams response to his wife, Abigail nonetheless, still makes a stand to what she believes in, that is women having a voice when it comes to making decisions, and for there to be ultimate freedom between all people. Ruzhen’s fantasy shows his passion for an equal society when he names the different countries as they are in the <i>Flowers in the Mirror. </i>And also his will to push out his opinion on equality among men and women. Li Ruzhen and Abigail Adams was only a couple out of the many civilian feminists who had an opinion about freedom and equality for women.\r\n\r\nThe novel, <i>Flowers in the Mirror </i>is a powerful approach to changing society back in the 18th century, and also authoritative today seeing as there is complete, and full freedom and equality of the men and women today. This paramount piece of work should be restored for many generations to come because of its classic feminist entrance to a world that we live in today. Writers such as Li Ruzhen helped and pushed society become equal and as free-spirited as it is today.\r\n\r\n<strong>                                                                                                 Works Cited</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Introduction\" <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Nineteenth-Century Literary Criticism</span> Ed. Lynn M. Zott. Vol. 134. Gale Cengage 2004 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">eNotes.com</span> 14 Oct, 2013\r\n\r\n<b>This website gave me so much information about the author and his background, and more so the views and criticism that many scholars had pertaining to this novel. This is an amazing source to find the meaning of the true message of the book.</b>\r\n\r\n<b> </b>\r\n\r\n<i>LETTERS BETWEEN ABIGAIL ADAMS AND HER HUSBAND JOHN ADAMS</i>. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\n<b>This was definitely my favorite source. It extremely helped out with my understanding of other feminists and their views on inequality. It gave me a piece of history that I did not know before, and know now. </b>\r\n\r\n<b> </b>\r\n\r\nN.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. &lt;http://readtiger.com/wkp/en/Flowers_in_the_Mirror&gt;.\r\n\r\n<b>This is where I found a clear and thorough view of the book. Also, a good source to know exactly what the main story is about from beginning to end.</b>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nN.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. &lt;<a href=\"http://www.qesign.com/offer.php?x=Li_Ruzhen\">http://www.qesign.com/offer.php?x=Li_Ruzhen</a>&gt;.\r\n\r\n<b>This source gave me an excellent understanding of the author and his ideas. It completely gave me an inside scoop of the authors thoughts, and how it is to feel like a true feminist back in the 18th century.</b>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<i>The Women\'s Review of Books</i> , Vol. 9, No. 9 (Jun., 1992), pp. 14-15\r\n\r\n<b>This source was an incredible find because it showed a full list of feminists of the 18th century who voiced their opinions on inequality. Also, it answered many questions I had pertaining to the life lived by 18th century women.</b>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','DaveGargi-TCP2 Flowers in the Mirror','','inherit','open','open','','3483-revision-v1','','','2013-10-14 21:52:09','2013-10-15 03:52:09','',3483,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3507',0,'revision','',0),(3508,95,'2013-10-17 16:07:54','2013-10-17 22:07:54','<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3504 aligncenter\" alt=\"Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_-225x300.jpg\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" /></a>&lt;http://userserve-ak.last.fm/serve/_/51058549/Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_.jpg&gt;</p>\nI\'ve witnessed my fair share of under-rated music or songs, however I don\'t think I\'ve seen anything more under-appriciated than a nice classical arrangement. Lots of people would disagree if I told them how great Bach\'s Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 in G Major was, and still is today. Fitting to the theme back in the classical period around the 1700s, The concerto is very emotionally appealing arrangement that knows nothing but excitement and euphoria. The sweet sound of a violin behind the happy melody from two recorders sets the theme. Flowery fields, windy pastures, A busy day in your happy small town, any of these thoughts can be easily associated with the great example of the Sentimental style in the classical period.\n<!--more-->\n\nWhat makes this concerto shine is it\'s well defined movement and it\'s changes in \'excitement\' all while matching it\'s tones and notes, and generally sounding nice for the ear. Bach accomplished this with a very interesting concept. A strong contrast between a<em> very skilled</em> minimal group of instruments, and a much larger group of instruments that plays adjacent to the smaller group. The very skilled small group is of a<strong> Concertino</strong>, which is the two recorders and violin. The word means \"little ensemble\" and is usually what makes the harmony, and the part you would sing along to if you could, anyways. Then you have the <strong>Ripieno</strong>, which is the combination of a viola, basso, violone, cello and two additional violins.  As it compliments the <strong>Concertino</strong>, this actually makes most of the rhythm in the Concerto.\nThe full title the Concerto was given in the sheet music is called \"<em>Concerto 4ta à Violino Principale, due Fiauti d\'Echo, due Violini, una Viola è Violone in Ripieno, Violoncello è Continuo</em>\" and it comes with three movements. In order it goes from <em><strong>Allegro</strong></em>, to <em><strong>Andant\'e</strong></em>, to <em><strong>Presto</strong></em>. Bach himself would play the Concertino\'s violin for most of the solo parts, and eventually in Andante, he will take over with his harpsichord. This concerto was the very latest of his harpsichord concertos, only the same concerto in F major. Bach sadly never had his amazing works fully preformed during his time because of the lack of proper musicians to handle it\'s expertise.\nI know I\'d take this with me on aboard the ship, this work of art has been under-appreciated even when Bach was alive at the time. And there\'s nothing I would love to do more than to <em>pester my crew-mates</em> with bouncy, happy, around the clock classical goodness. Only someone who appreciates fine perfectly themed arrangements and it\'s collaboration of musical talents can truly enjoy this concerto, and I\'m more than sure all of the <strong>Brandenburg Concertos</strong>. It\'s still treasured even today, and I want to preserve a fine example of musical talent that was accomplished.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Works Cited.</p>\nBACH, J.S. [electronic resource] : Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 / Concerto for 2 Violins / BACH, J.B.: Suite in G minor (Irish Barqoue Orchestra, Huggett). G : Naxos Digital Services Ltd.: Hong Kong, 2009.\n\nDirst, Matthew Charles. Engaging Bach: The keyboard legacy from Marpurg to Mendelssohn. New York: Cambridge UP, 2012.\n\nEstrella, Espie. \"Music of the Classical Period.\" About.com Music Education. About.com, n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. &lt;http://musiced.about.com/od/historyofmusic/a/classicalmusic.htm&gt;.\n\nBrandenburg concerto no. 4 in G, BWV 1049. MP3. Philips Classics, 1989.\n\nJohann Sebastian Bach\'s Werke, vol.19: Kammermusik, dritter band, Bach-Gesellschaft, Leipzig; ed. Wilhelm Rust, 1871','Brandenburg Concerto No. 4','','inherit','open','open','','3502-autosave-v1','','','2013-10-17 16:07:54','2013-10-17 22:07:54','',3502,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3508',0,'revision','',0),(3510,95,'2013-10-14 21:58:33','2013-10-15 03:58:33','<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3504\" alt=\"Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_-225x300.jpg\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" /></a></p>\r\nI\'ve witnessed my fair share of under-rated music or songs, however I don\'t think I\'ve seen anything more under-appriciated than a nice classical arrangement. Lots of people would disagree if I told them how great Bach\'s Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 in G Major was, and still is today. Fitting to the theme back in the classical period around the 1700s, The concerto is very emotionally appealing arrangement that knows nothing but excitement and euphoria. The sweet sound of a violin behind the happy melody from two recorders sets the theme. Flowery fields, windy pastures, A busy day in your happy small town, any of these thoughts can be easily associated with the great example of the Sentimental style in the classical period.\r\n<!--more-->\r\n\r\nWhat makes this concerto shine is it\'s well defined movement and it\'s changes in \'excitement\' all while matching it\'s tones and notes, and generally sounding nice for the ear. Bach accomplished this with a very interesting concept. A strong contrast between a<em> very skilled</em> minimal group of instruments, and a much larger group of instruments that plays adjacent to the smaller group. The very skilled small group is of a<strong> Concertino</strong>, which is the two recorders and violin. The word means \"little ensemble\" and is usually what makes the harmony, and the part you would sing along to if you could, anyways. Then you have the <strong>Ripieno</strong>, which is the combination of a viola, basso, violone, cello and two additional violins.  As it compliments the <strong>Concertino</strong>, this actually makes most of the rhythm in the Concerto.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\nThe full title the Concerto was given in the sheet music is called \"<em>Concerto 4ta à Violino Principale, due Fiauti d\'Echo, due Violini, una Viola è Violone in Ripieno, Violoncello è Continuo</em>\" and it comes with three movements. In order it goes from <em><strong>Allegro</strong></em>, to <em><strong>Andant\'e</strong></em>, to <em><strong>Presto</strong></em>. Bach himself would play the Concertino\'s violin for most of the solo parts, and eventually in Andante, he will take over with his harpsichord. This concerto was the very latest of his harpsichord concertos, only the same concerto in F major. Bach sadly never had his amazing works fully preformed during his time because of the lack of proper musicians to handle it\'s expertise.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\nI know I\'d take this with me on aboard the ship, this work of art has been under-appreciated even when Bach was alive at the time. And there\'s nothing I would love to do more than to <em>pester my crew-mates</em> with bouncy, happy, around the clock classical goodness. Only someone who appreciates fine perfectly themed arrangements and it\'s collaboration of musical talents can truly enjoy this concerto, and I\'m more than sure all of the <strong>Brandenburg Concertos</strong>. It\'s still treasured even today, and I want to preserve a fine example of musical talent that was accomplished.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Works Cited.</p>\r\nBACH, J.S. [electronic resource] : Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 / Concerto for 2 Violins / BACH, J.B.: Suite in G minor (Irish Barqoue Orchestra, Huggett). G : Naxos Digital Services Ltd.: Hong Kong, 2009.\r\n\r\nDirst, Matthew Charles. Engaging Bach: The keyboard legacy from Marpurg to Mendelssohn. New York: Cambridge UP, 2012.\r\n\r\nEstrella, Espie. \"Music of the Classical Period.\" About.com Music Education. About.com, n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. &lt;http://musiced.about.com/od/historyofmusic/a/classicalmusic.htm&gt;.\r\n\r\nBrandenburg concerto no. 4 in G, BWV 1049. MP3. Philips Classics, 1989.\r\n\r\nJohann Sebastian Bach\'s Werke, vol.19: Kammermusik, dritter band, Bach-Gesellschaft, Leipzig; ed. Wilhelm Rust, 1871','Brandenburg Concerto No. 4','','inherit','open','open','','3502-revision-v1','','','2013-10-14 21:58:33','2013-10-15 03:58:33','',3502,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3510',0,'revision','',0),(3511,80,'2013-10-15 14:23:23','2013-10-15 20:23:23','[youtube]<a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8OZCyp-LcGw\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8OZCyp-LcGw</a>[/youtube]\r\n\r\nAs it has been called a “comedy with music” this is known for one of the finest Italian comic operas. The underlying and social implications of this story, is one of Mozart’s most inspired operas. This should be preserved, as Mozart used the emotional power of music to translate his understanding of humanity.<!--more-->\r\n\r\nItalian opera was superior in Europe, where fairy-tale themes serving to the glorified princes. Mozart did not like the operas as he felt they would hold back the drama. He wanted to make an opera with real situations and everyday modern problems. In 1786 Mozart decided to write music to The Marriage of Figaro. In this story line servants have the same right as their masters, and with Mozart’s music it helped with the story’s underlying sarcasm. It contains delightful music that expresses high-quality humor as well as a delicate proposition of the story’s intriguing and unfair and dishonest practices.\r\n\r\nTo understand this piece here is a quick Synopsis of the opera. The Marriage of Figaro continues the plot of The Barber of Seville several years later, and recounts a single \"day of madness\" (<i>la folle giornata</i>) in the palace of Count Almaviva in Spain. Rosina is now the Countess; Dr. Bartolo is seeking revenge against Figaro, as he plans to marry Rosina himself; yet Count Almaviva has declined the romantic youth of <i>Barber</i>. After giving Figaro a job as head of his servant-staff, he is now determined to obtain favors from Figaro\'s bride-to-be, Susanna. However; Count keeps giving excuse after excuse to delay the wedding of his two servants, which is arranged for marriage this very day. Figaro, Susanna, and Countess plot for a way to humiliate Count and expose his plan.  But when Count is exposed, he rebels by trying to force Figaro to marry an older woman who could be his mother. This threat turns out not working since the woman he chose ended up being his mother. Count\'s love for Countess was re-established after Figaro\'s and Susanna\'s quick management.\r\n\r\nThe upper class was surprised that they were not flattered. They refused to attend any of Mozart’s concerts.  The Emperor felt it was too long and that was why they did not like it.  The other composer loved his work yet, said it was not very good because they were jealous. Watch this small clip from the movie Amadeus where it shows Mozart conducting the Marriage of Figaro, you see the Emperor yawning and other composers smiling and listen to what the other composer says.\r\n\r\n[youtube]<a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tTfiboMetpY\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tTfiboMetpY</a>[/youtube]\r\n\r\nYou can see Mozart’s feelings in his music by listening to the music. Listen to the way the music moves really slow and you can feel the tension in his music as he is in the depressed state, at the same time the music switches to quick, upbeat, and fast paced while his mood switches to a happier and wittier Mozart. After time Mozart becomes broke and depressed; he becomes sick and has to borrow money from his friends. When the modern opera did not go as plan he continues borrowing money and eventually dies at the age of 35. But when asked today how people feel about this piece, it shows by all the different times this piece has been recreated as this opera is readily accepted in today’s world than before.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCited work\r\n\r\n\"Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.\" <i>Films On Demand</i>. Films Media Group, 1998. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. &lt;http://digital.films.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=17517&amp;xtid=29999&gt;.\r\n\r\n<a id=\"linkMozartWolfgangAmadeus\" title=\"Search for Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus\" href=\"__doLinkPostBack(\'\',\'ss%7E%7EAR%20%22Mozart%2C%20Wolfgang%20Amadeus%22%7C%7Csl%7E%7Erl\',\'\');\">Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus</a><a id=\"linkFisherBurtonD.\" title=\"Search for Fisher, Burton D.\" href=\"__doLinkPostBack(\'\',\'ss%7E%7EAR%20%22Fisher%2C%20Burton%20D%2E%22%7C%7Csl%7E%7Erl\',\'\');\">Fisher, Burton D.</a>In Marriage of Figaro.Coral Gables, Fla : Opera Journeys. 2001','Mozart\'s The Marriage of Figaro ','','inherit','open','open','','3420-autosave-v1','','','2013-10-15 14:23:23','2013-10-15 20:23:23','',3420,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3511',0,'revision','',0),(3512,89,'2013-10-15 15:56:39','2013-10-15 21:56:39','<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Prinicipia-title.png\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3513 aligncenter\" alt=\"Prinicipia-title\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Prinicipia-title-213x300.png\" width=\"213\" height=\"300\" /></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Prinicipia-title.png</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica\r\nIsaac Newton\r\n1687</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Before the scientific revolution, the foundation of mathematics and physics were slowly perfected by many of reining empires ranging from ancient Egypt, to China, the Muslim world, all leading to the Europe’s scientific revolution. Johannes Kepler was one of the first to monitor the motion of the planets, these findings made the heliocentric theory plausible. Galilleo Galilei furthered Kepler’s work by focusing on gravity and motion. From this Gallileo formed the Law of falling bodies, which states that all objects are affected by earth’s gravity at the same rate of acceleration (Fiero).<!--more--></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Both Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz contributed significantly to the field of mathematics and physics and were seen as two of the greatest minds the scientific revolution produced. Unfortunately both Newton and Leibniz share shared a bitter feud over the intellectual ownership of one of the new fields of mathematics that was created in Naturalis Mathematica Principia (Kawalski). It was reported that Newton had created calculus in 1666 but refused to publish any of his works (Fiero). Newton refusal to publish may be largely be due to his theory color and certain deductions were criticized by his peers leaving Newton vowing to never publish any again (Eves). Leibnitz did write letters to Newton, but nothing relating to Calculus was ever mentioned. In 1677 Leibniz had independently created Calculus, and in 1684 he published his work in Acta Eruditonum, Newton was never mentioned in any of the works. At first each acknowledged the others work but soon after each Newton claimed to be the inventor of Calculus. Members of Newton’s faction accused Leibniz of plagiarism, while Leibnitz challenged Newton to complete some mathematical challenges. A frustrated Leibnitz turned to the Royal Society to help settle the discussion; unfortunately the head of Royal Society was none other than Newton. Royal Society leaned heavily towards Newton, and Leibnitz discovered Newton\'s role in the Royal Society’s decision causing only more hatred among the two mathematicians. Eventually Newton was given credit for the creation of Calculus and both remained bitter enemies for the remainder of each other’s lives (Kowalski). Both Mathematicians invented Calculus independently and both are equally credited, Leibnitz\'s contribution was strictly mathematical, while Newton uses this new form of Mathematics and applies it to his surroundings leading to the creation of physics (Eves).</p>\r\nNewton\'s Mathematica Principia would go and become the foundation for the field of physics, for the next 200 years only to be challenged by the Einstein\'s relative physics. In the 200 years Mathematica Principia’s core foundation would never disproven, instead additions and modifications refined Newton\'s work (Principia). The piece was also seen as a philosophical work inspiring the premise for hard determinism. Mathematica Principia main use was to use the laws of motion and gravity to explain the laws the cosmos and nature functioned as a whole. Many of newton’s followers believed that if Newton’s rules applied to nature then our actions could be determined like any other event in nature. Pierre Simon la Place believed that if he knew the location and motion of any body of matter (planet, atom, or human body), he could predict the fate of such body in any point in time. This new philosophy denied the idea of free will and responsibility, and made many wonder if any of their actions allow the individual to take any form of responsibility for said actions.\r\n\r\nNewton’s Mathematica Principia central ideas seem ahead of its time. Many of the mathematical and physics courses I’ve enrolled into all use many of these ideas in one way or another. Newton’s method was how Newton found the roots of any equation that passed along the X-axis and is currently used in most calculators for that very reason. My experience with this tedious number crunching equation makes me value the time and effort put into his work.\r\n\r\nWhether Newton’s Mathematica Principia‘s is one of the most important accomplishments of mankind, and whether we preserved or not, it will never leave us.. If future generations decide to ignore and make the mistake to forget any the Newton’s work, civilization would enter a second dark age. It is impossible to ignore Newton’s contributions, since they are imbedded in a wide scope of subjects ranging from economics, chemistry, architecture, computer science, biology, engineering, and even philosophy.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Works Cited\r\nEves, Howard. “An introduction to the history of Mathematics”. Holt, Rinehart and Winston: University of Maine. 1976. Print. This book displayed the history of Newton and Leibnitz’s Calculus.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Fiero Gloria K “The Humanistic Tradition”, Sixth Edition, Books 3 through 6, by. McGraw-Hill, 2011. This E-book gave Newton’s predecesors, influences, and basic information his work.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Kowalski, Kathiann M. \"A Quarrel: Who Invented Calculus?.\"Odyssey 20.6 (2011): 17. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 13 Oct. 2013. Described how the conflict developed between Newton and his rival Leibnitz</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\"Principia.\" Masterplots, Fourth Edition (2010): 1-3. Literary Reference Center. Web. 12 Oct. 2013. This article showed how significant Newton’s contribution was.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Solomon Robert, Higgins Kathleen, and Martin Clancy. “Introducing Philosophy” Oxford University Press: New York. 2012. Print This book explained the impact of Newton’s work with philosophy leading to hard determinism.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"></p>','Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica','','publish','open','open','','philosophiae-naturalis-principia-mathematica','','','2013-10-16 16:19:26','2013-10-16 22:19:26','',0,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3512',0,'post','',9),(3513,89,'2013-10-15 15:53:13','2013-10-15 21:53:13','','Prinicipia-title','','inherit','open','open','','prinicipia-title','','','2013-10-15 15:53:13','2013-10-15 21:53:13','',3512,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Prinicipia-title.png',0,'attachment','image/png',0),(3514,89,'2013-10-15 15:54:50','2013-10-15 21:54:50','<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Prinicipia-title.png\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-3513\" alt=\"Prinicipia-title\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Prinicipia-title-213x300.png\" width=\"213\" height=\"300\" /></a>\r\n\r\nhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Prinicipia-title.png\r\n\r\nPhilosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica\r\nIsaac Newton\r\n1687\r\nBefore the scientific revolution, the foundation of mathematics and physics were slowly perfected by many of reining empires ranging from ancient Egypt, to China, the Muslim world, all leading to the Europe’s scientific revolution. Johannes Kepler was one of the first to monitor the motion of the planets, these findings made the heliocentric theory plausible. Galilleo Galilei furthered Kepler’s work by focusing on gravity and motion. From this Gallileo formed the Law of falling bodies, which states that all objects are affected by earth’s gravity at the same rate of acceleration (Fiero).\r\nBoth Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz contributed significantly to the field of mathematics and physics and were seen as two of the greatest minds the scientific revolution produced. Unfortunately both Newton and Leibniz share shared a bitter feud over the intellectual ownership of one of the new fields of mathematics that was created in Naturalis Mathematica Principia (Kawalski). It was reported that Newton had created calculus in 1666 but refused to publish any of his works (Fiero). Newton refusal to publish may be largely be due to his theory color and certain deductions were criticized by his peers leaving Newton vowing to never publish any again (Eves). Leibnitz did write letters to Newton, but nothing relating to Calculus was ever mentioned. In 1677 Leibniz had independently created Calculus, and in 1684 he published his work in Acta Eruditonum, Newton was never mentioned in any of the works. At first each acknowledged the others work but soon after each Newton claimed to be the inventor of Calculus. Members of Newton’s faction accused Leibniz of plagiarism, while Leibnitz challenged Newton to complete some mathematical challenges. A frustrated Leibnitz turned to the Royal Society to help settle the discussion; unfortunately the head of Royal Society was none other than Newton. Royal Society leaned heavily towards Newton, and Leibnitz discovered Newton\'s role in the Royal Society’s decision causing only more hatred among the two mathematicians. Eventually Newton was given credit for the creation of Calculus and both remained bitter enemies for the remainder of each other’s lives (Kowalski). Both Mathematicians invented Calculus independently and both are equally credited, Leibnitz\'s contribution was strictly mathematical, while Newton uses this new form of Mathematics and applies it to his surroundings leading to the creation of physics (Eves).\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNewton\'s Mathematica Principia would go and become the foundation for the field of physics, for the next 200 years only to be challenged by the Einstein\'s relative physics. In the 200 years Mathematica Principia’s core foundation would never disproven, instead additions and modifications refined Newton\'s work (Principia). The piece was also seen as a philosophical work inspiring the premise for hard determinism. Mathematica Principia main use was to use the laws of motion and gravity to explain the laws the cosmos and nature functioned as a whole. Many of newton’s followers believed that if Newton’s rules applied to nature then our actions could be determined like any other event in nature. Pierre Simon la Place believed that if he knew the location and motion of any body of matter (planet, atom, or human body), he could predict the fate of such body in any point in time. This new philosophy denied the idea of free will and responsibility, and made many wonder if any of their actions allow the individual to take any form of responsibility for said actions.\r\nNewton’s Mathematica Principia central ideas seem ahead of its time. Many of the mathematical and physics courses I’ve enrolled into all use many of these ideas in one way or another. Newton’s method was how Newton found the roots of any equation that passed along the X-axis and is currently used in most calculators for that very reason. My experience with this tedious number crunching equation makes me value the time and effort put into his work.\r\nWhether Newton’s Mathematica Principia‘s is one of the most important accomplishments of mankind, and whether we preserved or not, it will never leave us.. If future generations decide to ignore and make the mistake to forget any the Newton’s work, civilization would enter a second dark age. It is impossible to ignore Newton’s contributions, since they are imbedded in a wide scope of subjects ranging from economics, chemistry, architecture, computer science, biology, engineering, and even philosophy.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nWorks Cited\r\nEves, Howard. “An introduction to the history of Mathematics”. Holt, Rinehart and Winston: University of Maine. 1976. Print. This book displayed the history of Newton and Leibnitz’s Calculus.\r\nFiero Gloria K “The Humanistic Tradition”, Sixth Edition, Books 3 through 6, by. McGraw-Hill, 2011. This E-book gave Newton’s predecesors, influences, and basic information his work.\r\nKowalski, Kathiann M. \"A Quarrel: Who Invented Calculus?.\"Odyssey 20.6 (2011): 17. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 13 Oct. 2013. Described how the conflict developed between Newton and his rival Leibnitz\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Principia.\" Masterplots, Fourth Edition (2010): 1-3. Literary Reference Center. Web. 12 Oct. 2013. This article showed how significant Newton’s contribution was.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSolomon Robert, Higgins Kathleen, and Martin Clancy. “Introducing Philosophy” Oxford University Press: New York. 2012. Print This book explained the impact of Newton’s work with philosophy leading to hard determinism.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica','','inherit','open','open','','3512-revision-v1','','','2013-10-15 15:54:50','2013-10-15 21:54:50','',3512,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3514',0,'revision','',0),(3515,89,'2013-10-15 15:56:29','2013-10-15 21:56:29','<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Prinicipia-title.png\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-3513\" alt=\"Prinicipia-title\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Prinicipia-title-213x300.png\" width=\"213\" height=\"300\" /></a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Prinicipia-title.png</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica\r\nIsaac Newton\r\n1687\r\nBefore the scientific revolution, the foundation of mathematics and physics were slowly perfected by many of reining empires ranging from ancient Egypt, to China, the Muslim world, all leading to the Europe’s scientific revolution. Johannes Kepler was one of the first to monitor the motion of the planets, these findings made the heliocentric theory plausible. Galilleo Galilei furthered Kepler’s work by focusing on gravity and motion. From this Gallileo formed the Law of falling bodies, which states that all objects are affected by earth’s gravity at the same rate of acceleration (Fiero).\r\n</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">               Both Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz contributed significantly to the field of mathematics and physics and were seen as two of the greatest minds the scientific revolution produced. Unfortunately both Newton and Leibniz share shared a bitter feud over the intellectual ownership of one of the new fields of mathematics that was created in Naturalis Mathematica Principia (Kawalski). It was reported that Newton had created calculus in 1666 but refused to publish any of his works (Fiero). Newton refusal to publish may be largely be due to his theory color and certain deductions were criticized by his peers leaving Newton vowing to never publish any again (Eves). Leibnitz did write letters to Newton, but nothing relating to Calculus was ever mentioned. In 1677 Leibniz had independently created Calculus, and in 1684 he published his work in Acta Eruditonum, Newton was never mentioned in any of the works. At first each acknowledged the others work but soon after each Newton claimed to be the inventor of Calculus. Members of Newton’s faction accused Leibniz of plagiarism, while Leibnitz challenged Newton to complete some mathematical challenges. A frustrated Leibnitz turned to the Royal Society to help settle the discussion; unfortunately the head of Royal Society was none other than Newton. Royal Society leaned heavily towards Newton, and Leibnitz discovered Newton\'s role in the Royal Society’s decision causing only more hatred among the two mathematicians. Eventually Newton was given credit for the creation of Calculus and both remained bitter enemies for the remainder of each other’s lives (Kowalski). Both Mathematicians invented Calculus independently and both are equally credited, Leibnitz\'s contribution was strictly mathematical, while Newton uses this new form of Mathematics and applies it to his surroundings leading to the creation of physics (Eves).</p>\r\n               Newton\'s Mathematica Principia would go and become the foundation for the field of physics, for the next 200 years only to be challenged by the Einstein\'s relative physics. In the 200 years Mathematica Principia’s core foundation would never disproven, instead additions and modifications refined Newton\'s work (Principia). The piece was also seen as a philosophical work inspiring the premise for hard determinism. Mathematica Principia main use was to use the laws of motion and gravity to explain the laws the cosmos and nature functioned as a whole. Many of newton’s followers believed that if Newton’s rules applied to nature then our actions could be determined like any other event in nature. Pierre Simon la Place believed that if he knew the location and motion of any body of matter (planet, atom, or human body), he could predict the fate of such body in any point in time. This new philosophy denied the idea of free will and responsibility, and made many wonder if any of their actions allow the individual to take any form of responsibility for said actions.\r\n\r\nNewton’s Mathematica Principia central ideas seem ahead of its time. Many of the mathematical and physics courses I’ve enrolled into all use many of these ideas in one way or another. Newton’s method was how Newton found the roots of any equation that passed along the X-axis and is currently used in most calculators for that very reason. My experience with this tedious number crunching equation makes me value the time and effort put into his work.\r\nWhether Newton’s Mathematica Principia‘s is one of the most important accomplishments of mankind, and whether we preserved or not, it will never leave us.. If future generations decide to ignore and make the mistake to forget any the Newton’s work, civilization would enter a second dark age. It is impossible to ignore Newton’s contributions, since they are imbedded in a wide scope of subjects ranging from economics, chemistry, architecture, computer science, biology, engineering, and even philosophy.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Works Cited\r\nEves, Howard. “An introduction to the history of Mathematics”. Holt, Rinehart and Winston: University of Maine. 1976. Print. This book displayed the history of Newton and Leibnitz’s Calculus.\r\nFiero Gloria K “The Humanistic Tradition”, Sixth Edition, Books 3 through 6, by. McGraw-Hill, 2011. This E-book gave Newton’s predecesors, influences, and basic information his work.\r\nKowalski, Kathiann M. \"A Quarrel: Who Invented Calculus?.\"Odyssey 20.6 (2011): 17. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 13 Oct. 2013. Described how the conflict developed between Newton and his rival Leibnitz</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"> \"Principia.\" Masterplots, Fourth Edition (2010): 1-3. Literary Reference Center. Web. 12 Oct. 2013. This article showed how significant Newton’s contribution was.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"> Solomon Robert, Higgins Kathleen, and Martin Clancy. “Introducing Philosophy” Oxford University Press: New York. 2012. Print This book explained the impact of Newton’s work with philosophy leading to hard determinism.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"></p>','Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica','','inherit','open','open','','3512-revision-v1','','','2013-10-15 15:56:29','2013-10-15 21:56:29','',3512,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3515',0,'revision','',0),(3516,1,'2013-10-16 15:58:49','2013-10-16 21:58:49','During the Protestant Reformation, the music of the Baroque era underwent a major change. In the theatre, the opera brought the idea of bringing music and drama together by telling stories with song. However, in mid-eighteenth century England, composer George Fredric Handel from Germany wrote the first oratorio. That oratorio was the Messiah, which was the first piece of music to be written as a sacred and religious text. This type of music was not told as a performance with dramatic scenery, but with a choir, orchestra, and a narrator. The Messiah is based on the first modern English Bible, The King James Bible, which was first published in 1611. Handel’s Messiah is written in three parts to announce the birth, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. The Messiah contains verses of the Old and New Testaments. Like the Baroque music of its time, this piece of music compares to the usual Baroque musical pieces in terms of its style of tempo. The Messiah by George Fredric Handel is best known for its Hallelujah chorus, which still makes audiences stand to this day. It is also known for bringing the Holy Scripture to life in a jubilant and lively style.\n\n<!--more-->\nHandel’s Messiah can be considered an innovation to its era because this piece can be considered the first oratorio ever written of its time. It stands out from the musical masterpieces from its era because it is the first one to contain religious content from the Holy Scripture. As the first oratorio written of its time, it contained a choir and an orchestra. As a synopsis of the life of Christ, this musical masterpiece was a contrast to the dramatic imagery of opera. Unlike the tragedy and sadness of opera, this religious text was very jubilant. It was the first of its kind to create a biblical allusion to the King James Bible as well. The King James Bible gave way to all three parts of the oratorio because it contains the Old Testament requirements a Savior, the death of Jesus Christ in the second, and the redemption of Christ in the third. Thanks to Handel and the Protestant Reformation, the Baroque Era brought an influential type of music that changed the world of performing arts that influenced many artists in the centuries to come. <br><br>\nThe first time Handel played the Messiah was during the winter of 1741 and on into 1742. He was invited by the Duke of Devonshire in Dublin to perform. While Handel did not play the Messiah during this season, the popularity of his music was at large that he was invited back to play a performance that following spring. This concert included the Messiah. This concert was extraordinary that the newspaper in Dublin gave it a rating of it being the most remarkable piece in Dublin or anywhere in the world. Once again, during that summer, Handel gave another performance of the Messiah for his private benefits. When Handel performed in 1743 in London’s Convent Garden theatre, the people of London did not care for Handel’s Messiah as much. According to the English press, the voices of the female sopranos were raised in ranking. Handel decided to refer to the Messiah as the “New Sacred Oratorio”, and he also divided his performance season in half to three concerts. That next year, in 1744, Handel held no performances in London. He would play in London on and off through the years. Until he died in 1759, Handel played concerts throughout the years in London beginning in 1750. HERE\nHandel’s Messiah still has that thrill that it had in its early days, where everybody stands and praises the Lord during the “Hallelujah Chorus.” This tradition traces back to 1743 where King George II rose from his seat during a performance in London. Played at both Easter and Christmas, these holidays have their own references to the song in which each part applies to a specific event in the life of Christ. All together, the whole oratorio explains how Christ has come back to Earth to redeem us. This message is most clear in the “Hallelujah Chorus”, which implies a joyous celebration that we have been redeemed from our sins. For the most part, people look towards enlightenment as they stand to sing this song. In fact, the majority of this song is sung standing to praise that Christ has done so much to save us from sin and evil. HERE\nIn my opinion, this piece is beautiful and harmonious to my ears. Even though I do not know all the words to this song, I still like singing along to the “Hallelujah Chorus.” Being a song that is enlightening and proclaiming that a Savior is here to redeem us, I agree with the majority of people who think that this is an enlightening and encouraging piece. The Messiah is a piece of music for all ages because I feel like people from children to seniors can feel spiritual happiness by listening to this piece of music. This piece, I believe, should be a classic to sing and play for congregations over the ages because its powerful words and verses of spiritual enlightenment. This and many of Handel’s oratorios should be treasured over many centuries to remind people that there is hope and encouragement from Jesus Christ the Savior. HERE\nAnother piece of classic religious music is the American Civil War hymn, The Battle Hymn of the Republic. This song, as written by Julia Ward Howe, also has become an American patriotic song. Written at a hotel in Washington D.C., Howe heard a regimen sing John Brown’s Body earlier in that day in 1861. That exact same night, she instantly jumped out of bed and wrote down some ideas to her song. Inspired and disturbed by the slaying of abolitionist John Brown that day, she recalled an Old Testament verse of Isaiah claiming “I have trodden the wine press alone … and trampled them in my wrath … For the day of vengeance was in my heart, / and my year of redemption has come.\" [Isaiah 63:1–6] (Julia Ward Howe). From this verse, Howe had written a whole song about redemption inspired from an abolitionist who had redeemed his life by going with Christ. Today, The Battle Hymn of the Republic has been sung at many military funerals for soldiers. HERE\nLike Handel’s Messiah, The Battle Hymn of the Republic is a song that one can find people singing at religious rituals in the United States. In Howe’s song, she notes that vengeance and redemption are really important. Like this song, the Messiah talks about Christ’s redemption and how He has died for our sins. Also, both songs place a strong emphasis on the Bible and Christianity being references for higher powers redeeming us for our sins. In both songs, one can be assured that Christians can be saved from sin and evil. HERE\nGeorge Fredric Handel’s Messiah should be restored because it’s the first ever recorded song to tell about the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. I highly recommend this musical masterpiece to be sung and cherished traditionally on Easter and Christmas annually, I hope that future generations of young children learn the Messiah at a very young age because I believe every young person should know how Christ died for our sins. More importantly, I hope everybody gets a chance to learn that we are all redeemers of Christ. I encourage Christianity to be a continuous value for everyone who believes that Christ is their Savior. The Messiah, especially the “Hallelujah Chorus”, should be a trademark of all Christian denominations because I believe the thing that they all have in common is that Christ is the eternal Savior. The Messiah by George Fredric Handel, as well as other oratorios, should go in the time machine because celebrating the life of Jesus Christ is a joyous celebration and upbringing that I believe everybody should get the chance to experience.\n\nSources:\nHETTRICK, JANE SCHATKIN. \"Handel\'s Messiah: Comfort For God\'s People.\" American Organist Magazine 46.12 (2012): 78-80. Academic Search Complete. Web. 30 Sept. 2013.\n\nKapilow, Robert. What Makes It Great?: Short Masterpieces, Great Composers. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011. Print. HERE\n\"The Battle Hymn of the Republic.\" Dictionary of American History. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 30 Sep. 2013 .','George Fredric Handel\'s Messiah','','inherit','open','open','','3424-autosave-v1','','','2013-10-16 15:58:49','2013-10-16 21:58:49','',3424,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3516',0,'revision','',0),(3517,1,'2013-10-16 16:03:28','2013-10-16 22:03:28','<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3504 aligncenter\" alt=\"Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_-225x300.jpg\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" /></a></p>\nI\'ve witnessed my fair share of under-rated music or songs, however I don\'t think I\'ve seen anything more under-appriciated than a nice classical arrangement. Lots of people would disagree if I told them how great Bach\'s Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 in G Major was, and still is today. Fitting to the theme back in the classical period around the 1700s, The concerto is very emotionally appealing arrangement that knows nothing but excitement and euphoria. The sweet sound of a violin behind the happy melody from two recorders sets the theme. Flowery fields, windy pastures, A busy day in your happy small town, any of these thoughts can be easily associated with the great example of the Sentimental style in the classical period.\n<!--more-->\n\nWhat makes this concerto shine is it\'s well defined movement and it\'s changes in \'excitement\' all while matching it\'s tones and notes, and generally sounding nice for the ear. Bach accomplished this with a very interesting concept. A strong contrast between a<em> very skilled</em> minimal group of instruments, and a much larger group of instruments that plays adjacent to the smaller group. The very skilled small group is of a<strong> Concertino</strong>, which is the two recorders and violin. The word means \"little ensemble\" and is usually what makes the harmony, and the part you would sing along to if you could, anyways. Then you have the <strong>Ripieno</strong>, which is the combination of a viola, basso, violone, cello and two additional violins.  As it compliments the <strong>Concertino</strong>, this actually makes most of the rhythm in the Concerto.\nThe full title the Concerto was given in the sheet music is called \"<em>Concerto 4ta à Violino Principale, due Fiauti d\'Echo, due Violini, una Viola è Violone in Ripieno, Violoncello è Continuo</em>\" and it comes with three movements. In order it goes from <em><strong>Allegro</strong></em>, to <em><strong>Andant\'e</strong></em>, to <em><strong>Presto</strong></em>. Bach himself would play the Concertino\'s violin for most of the solo parts, and eventually in Andante, he will take over with his harpsichord. This concerto was the very latest of his harpsichord concertos, only the same concerto in F major. Bach sadly never had his amazing works fully preformed during his time because of the lack of proper musicians to handle it\'s expertise.\nI know I\'d take this with me on aboard the ship, this work of art has been under-appreciated even when Bach was alive at the time. And there\'s nothing I would love to do more than to <em>pester my crew-mates</em> with bouncy, happy, around the clock classical goodness. Only someone who appreciates fine perfectly themed arrangements and it\'s collaboration of musical talents can truly enjoy this concerto, and I\'m more than sure all of the <strong>Brandenburg Concertos</strong>. It\'s still treasured even today, and I want to preserve a fine example of musical talent that was accomplished.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Works Cited.</p>\nBACH, J.S. [electronic resource] : Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 / Concerto for 2 Violins / BACH, J.B.: Suite in G minor (Irish Barqoue Orchestra, Huggett). G : Naxos Digital Services Ltd.: Hong Kong, 2009.\n\nDirst, Matthew Charles. Engaging Bach: The keyboard legacy from Marpurg to Mendelssohn. New York: Cambridge UP, 2012.\n\nEstrella, Espie. \"Music of the Classical Period.\" About.com Music Education. About.com, n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. &lt;http://musiced.about.com/od/historyofmusic/a/classicalmusic.htm&gt;.\n\nBrandenburg concerto no. 4 in G, BWV 1049. MP3. Philips Classics, 1989.\n\nJohann Sebastian Bach\'s Werke, vol.19: Kammermusik, dritter band, Bach-Gesellschaft, Leipzig; ed. Wilhelm Rust, 1871','Brandenburg Concerto No. 4','','inherit','open','open','','3502-autosave-v1','','','2013-10-16 16:03:28','2013-10-16 22:03:28','',3502,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3517',0,'revision','',0),(3518,1,'2013-10-16 16:03:34','2013-10-16 22:03:34','<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3504 aligncenter\" alt=\"Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_-225x300.jpg\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" /></a></p>\r\nI\'ve witnessed my fair share of under-rated music or songs, however I don\'t think I\'ve seen anything more under-appriciated than a nice classical arrangement. Lots of people would disagree if I told them how great Bach\'s Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 in G Major was, and still is today. Fitting to the theme back in the classical period around the 1700s, The concerto is very emotionally appealing arrangement that knows nothing but excitement and euphoria. The sweet sound of a violin behind the happy melody from two recorders sets the theme. Flowery fields, windy pastures, A busy day in your happy small town, any of these thoughts can be easily associated with the great example of the Sentimental style in the classical period.\r\n<!--more-->\r\n\r\nWhat makes this concerto shine is it\'s well defined movement and it\'s changes in \'excitement\' all while matching it\'s tones and notes, and generally sounding nice for the ear. Bach accomplished this with a very interesting concept. A strong contrast between a<em> very skilled</em> minimal group of instruments, and a much larger group of instruments that plays adjacent to the smaller group. The very skilled small group is of a<strong> Concertino</strong>, which is the two recorders and violin. The word means \"little ensemble\" and is usually what makes the harmony, and the part you would sing along to if you could, anyways. Then you have the <strong>Ripieno</strong>, which is the combination of a viola, basso, violone, cello and two additional violins.  As it compliments the <strong>Concertino</strong>, this actually makes most of the rhythm in the Concerto.\r\nThe full title the Concerto was given in the sheet music is called \"<em>Concerto 4ta à Violino Principale, due Fiauti d\'Echo, due Violini, una Viola è Violone in Ripieno, Violoncello è Continuo</em>\" and it comes with three movements. In order it goes from <em><strong>Allegro</strong></em>, to <em><strong>Andant\'e</strong></em>, to <em><strong>Presto</strong></em>. Bach himself would play the Concertino\'s violin for most of the solo parts, and eventually in Andante, he will take over with his harpsichord. This concerto was the very latest of his harpsichord concertos, only the same concerto in F major. Bach sadly never had his amazing works fully preformed during his time because of the lack of proper musicians to handle it\'s expertise.\r\nI know I\'d take this with me on aboard the ship, this work of art has been under-appreciated even when Bach was alive at the time. And there\'s nothing I would love to do more than to <em>pester my crew-mates</em> with bouncy, happy, around the clock classical goodness. Only someone who appreciates fine perfectly themed arrangements and it\'s collaboration of musical talents can truly enjoy this concerto, and I\'m more than sure all of the <strong>Brandenburg Concertos</strong>. It\'s still treasured even today, and I want to preserve a fine example of musical talent that was accomplished.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Works Cited.</p>\r\nBACH, J.S. [electronic resource] : Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 / Concerto for 2 Violins / BACH, J.B.: Suite in G minor (Irish Barqoue Orchestra, Huggett). G : Naxos Digital Services Ltd.: Hong Kong, 2009.\r\n\r\nDirst, Matthew Charles. Engaging Bach: The keyboard legacy from Marpurg to Mendelssohn. New York: Cambridge UP, 2012.\r\n\r\nEstrella, Espie. \"Music of the Classical Period.\" About.com Music Education. About.com, n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. &lt;http://musiced.about.com/od/historyofmusic/a/classicalmusic.htm&gt;.\r\n\r\nBrandenburg concerto no. 4 in G, BWV 1049. MP3. Philips Classics, 1989.\r\n\r\nJohann Sebastian Bach\'s Werke, vol.19: Kammermusik, dritter band, Bach-Gesellschaft, Leipzig; ed. Wilhelm Rust, 1871','Brandenburg Concerto No. 4','','inherit','open','open','','3502-revision-v1','','','2013-10-16 16:03:34','2013-10-16 22:03:34','',3502,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3518',0,'revision','',0),(3519,1,'2013-10-16 16:19:04','2013-10-16 22:19:04','<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Prinicipia-title.png\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3513 aligncenter\" alt=\"Prinicipia-title\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Prinicipia-title-213x300.png\" width=\"213\" height=\"300\" /></a></p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Prinicipia-title.png</p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica\nIsaac Newton\n1687</p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Before the scientific revolution, the foundation of mathematics and physics were slowly perfected by many of reining empires ranging from ancient Egypt, to China, the Muslim world, all leading to the Europe’s scientific revolution. Johannes Kepler was one of the first to monitor the motion of the planets, these findings made the heliocentric theory plausible. Galilleo Galilei furthered Kepler’s work by focusing on gravity and motion. From this Gallileo formed the Law of falling bodies, which states that all objects are affected by earth’s gravity at the same rate of acceleration (Fiero).</p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Both Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz contributed significantly to the field of mathematics and physics and were seen as two of the greatest minds the scientific revolution produced. Unfortunately both Newton and Leibniz share shared a bitter feud over the intellectual ownership of one of the new fields of mathematics that was created in Naturalis Mathematica Principia (Kawalski). It was reported that Newton had created calculus in 1666 but refused to publish any of his works (Fiero). Newton refusal to publish may be largely be due to his theory color and certain deductions were criticized by his peers leaving Newton vowing to never publish any again (Eves). Leibnitz did write letters to Newton, but nothing relating to Calculus was ever mentioned. In 1677 Leibniz had independently created Calculus, and in 1684 he published his work in Acta Eruditonum, Newton was never mentioned in any of the works. At first each acknowledged the others work but soon after each Newton claimed to be the inventor of Calculus. Members of Newton’s faction accused Leibniz of plagiarism, while Leibnitz challenged Newton to complete some mathematical challenges. A frustrated Leibnitz turned to the Royal Society to help settle the discussion; unfortunately the head of Royal Society was none other than Newton. Royal Society leaned heavily towards Newton, and Leibnitz discovered Newton\'s role in the Royal Society’s decision causing only more hatred among the two mathematicians. Eventually Newton was given credit for the creation of Calculus and both remained bitter enemies for the remainder of each other’s lives (Kowalski). Both Mathematicians invented Calculus independently and both are equally credited, Leibnitz\'s contribution was strictly mathematical, while Newton uses this new form of Mathematics and applies it to his surroundings leading to the creation of physics (Eves).</p>\nNewton\'s Mathematica Principia would go and become the foundation for the field of physics, for the next 200 years only to be challenged by the Einstein\'s relative physics. In the 200 years Mathematica Principia’s core foundation would never disproven, instead additions and modifications refined Newton\'s work (Principia). The piece was also seen as a philosophical work inspiring the premise for hard determinism. Mathematica Principia main use was to use the laws of motion and gravity to explain the laws the cosmos and nature functioned as a whole. Many of newton’s followers believed that if Newton’s rules applied to nature then our actions could be determined like any other event in nature. Pierre Simon la Place believed that if he knew the location and motion of any body of matter (planet, atom, or human body), he could predict the fate of such body in any point in time. This new philosophy denied the idea of free will and responsibility, and made many wonder if any of their actions allow the individual to take any form of responsibility for said actions.\n\nNewton’s Mathematica Principia central ideas seem ahead of its time. Many of the mathematical and physics courses I’ve enrolled into all use many of these ideas in one way or another. Newton’s method was how Newton found the roots of any equation that passed along the X-axis and is currently used in most calculators for that very reason. My experience with this tedious number crunching equation makes me value the time and effort put into his work.\n\nWhether Newton’s Mathematica Principia‘s is one of the most important accomplishments of mankind, and whether we preserved or not, it will never leave us.. If future generations decide to ignore and make the mistake to forget any the Newton’s work, civilization would enter a second dark age. It is impossible to ignore Newton’s contributions, since they are imbedded in a wide scope of subjects ranging from economics, chemistry, architecture, computer science, biology, engineering, and even philosophy.\n\n&nbsp;\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Works Cited\nEves, Howard. “An introduction to the history of Mathematics”. Holt, Rinehart and Winston: University of Maine. 1976. Print. This book displayed the history of Newton and Leibnitz’s Calculus.</p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Fiero Gloria K “The Humanistic Tradition”, Sixth Edition, Books 3 through 6, by. McGraw-Hill, 2011. This E-book gave Newton’s predecesors, influences, and basic information his work.</p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Kowalski, Kathiann M. \"A Quarrel: Who Invented Calculus?.\"Odyssey 20.6 (2011): 17. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 13 Oct. 2013. Described how the conflict developed between Newton and his rival Leibnitz</p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\"Principia.\" Masterplots, Fourth Edition (2010): 1-3. Literary Reference Center. Web. 12 Oct. 2013. This article showed how significant Newton’s contribution was.</p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"> Solomon Robert, Higgins Kathleen, and Martin Clancy. “Introducing Philosophy” Oxford University Press: New York. 2012. Print This book explained the impact of Newton’s work with philosophy leading to hard determinism.</p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"></p>','Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica','','inherit','open','open','','3512-autosave-v1','','','2013-10-16 16:19:04','2013-10-16 22:19:04','',3512,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3519',0,'revision','',0),(3520,1,'2013-10-16 16:19:11','2013-10-16 22:19:11','<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Prinicipia-title.png\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3513 aligncenter\" alt=\"Prinicipia-title\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Prinicipia-title-213x300.png\" width=\"213\" height=\"300\" /></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Prinicipia-title.png</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica\r\nIsaac Newton\r\n1687</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Before the scientific revolution, the foundation of mathematics and physics were slowly perfected by many of reining empires ranging from ancient Egypt, to China, the Muslim world, all leading to the Europe’s scientific revolution. Johannes Kepler was one of the first to monitor the motion of the planets, these findings made the heliocentric theory plausible. Galilleo Galilei furthered Kepler’s work by focusing on gravity and motion. From this Gallileo formed the Law of falling bodies, which states that all objects are affected by earth’s gravity at the same rate of acceleration (Fiero).</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Both Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz contributed significantly to the field of mathematics and physics and were seen as two of the greatest minds the scientific revolution produced. Unfortunately both Newton and Leibniz share shared a bitter feud over the intellectual ownership of one of the new fields of mathematics that was created in Naturalis Mathematica Principia (Kawalski). It was reported that Newton had created calculus in 1666 but refused to publish any of his works (Fiero). Newton refusal to publish may be largely be due to his theory color and certain deductions were criticized by his peers leaving Newton vowing to never publish any again (Eves). Leibnitz did write letters to Newton, but nothing relating to Calculus was ever mentioned. In 1677 Leibniz had independently created Calculus, and in 1684 he published his work in Acta Eruditonum, Newton was never mentioned in any of the works. At first each acknowledged the others work but soon after each Newton claimed to be the inventor of Calculus. Members of Newton’s faction accused Leibniz of plagiarism, while Leibnitz challenged Newton to complete some mathematical challenges. A frustrated Leibnitz turned to the Royal Society to help settle the discussion; unfortunately the head of Royal Society was none other than Newton. Royal Society leaned heavily towards Newton, and Leibnitz discovered Newton\'s role in the Royal Society’s decision causing only more hatred among the two mathematicians. Eventually Newton was given credit for the creation of Calculus and both remained bitter enemies for the remainder of each other’s lives (Kowalski). Both Mathematicians invented Calculus independently and both are equally credited, Leibnitz\'s contribution was strictly mathematical, while Newton uses this new form of Mathematics and applies it to his surroundings leading to the creation of physics (Eves).</p>\r\nNewton\'s Mathematica Principia would go and become the foundation for the field of physics, for the next 200 years only to be challenged by the Einstein\'s relative physics. In the 200 years Mathematica Principia’s core foundation would never disproven, instead additions and modifications refined Newton\'s work (Principia). The piece was also seen as a philosophical work inspiring the premise for hard determinism. Mathematica Principia main use was to use the laws of motion and gravity to explain the laws the cosmos and nature functioned as a whole. Many of newton’s followers believed that if Newton’s rules applied to nature then our actions could be determined like any other event in nature. Pierre Simon la Place believed that if he knew the location and motion of any body of matter (planet, atom, or human body), he could predict the fate of such body in any point in time. This new philosophy denied the idea of free will and responsibility, and made many wonder if any of their actions allow the individual to take any form of responsibility for said actions.\r\n\r\nNewton’s Mathematica Principia central ideas seem ahead of its time. Many of the mathematical and physics courses I’ve enrolled into all use many of these ideas in one way or another. Newton’s method was how Newton found the roots of any equation that passed along the X-axis and is currently used in most calculators for that very reason. My experience with this tedious number crunching equation makes me value the time and effort put into his work.\r\n\r\nWhether Newton’s Mathematica Principia‘s is one of the most important accomplishments of mankind, and whether we preserved or not, it will never leave us.. If future generations decide to ignore and make the mistake to forget any the Newton’s work, civilization would enter a second dark age. It is impossible to ignore Newton’s contributions, since they are imbedded in a wide scope of subjects ranging from economics, chemistry, architecture, computer science, biology, engineering, and even philosophy.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Works Cited\r\nEves, Howard. “An introduction to the history of Mathematics”. Holt, Rinehart and Winston: University of Maine. 1976. Print. This book displayed the history of Newton and Leibnitz’s Calculus.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Fiero Gloria K “The Humanistic Tradition”, Sixth Edition, Books 3 through 6, by. McGraw-Hill, 2011. This E-book gave Newton’s predecesors, influences, and basic information his work.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Kowalski, Kathiann M. \"A Quarrel: Who Invented Calculus?.\"Odyssey 20.6 (2011): 17. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 13 Oct. 2013. Described how the conflict developed between Newton and his rival Leibnitz</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\"Principia.\" Masterplots, Fourth Edition (2010): 1-3. Literary Reference Center. Web. 12 Oct. 2013. This article showed how significant Newton’s contribution was.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Solomon Robert, Higgins Kathleen, and Martin Clancy. “Introducing Philosophy” Oxford University Press: New York. 2012. Print This book explained the impact of Newton’s work with philosophy leading to hard determinism.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"></p>','Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica','','inherit','open','open','','3512-revision-v1','','','2013-10-16 16:19:11','2013-10-16 22:19:11','',3512,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3520',0,'revision','',0),(3521,1,'2013-10-16 16:19:26','2013-10-16 22:19:26','<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Prinicipia-title.png\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3513 aligncenter\" alt=\"Prinicipia-title\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Prinicipia-title-213x300.png\" width=\"213\" height=\"300\" /></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Prinicipia-title.png</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica\r\nIsaac Newton\r\n1687</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Before the scientific revolution, the foundation of mathematics and physics were slowly perfected by many of reining empires ranging from ancient Egypt, to China, the Muslim world, all leading to the Europe’s scientific revolution. Johannes Kepler was one of the first to monitor the motion of the planets, these findings made the heliocentric theory plausible. Galilleo Galilei furthered Kepler’s work by focusing on gravity and motion. From this Gallileo formed the Law of falling bodies, which states that all objects are affected by earth’s gravity at the same rate of acceleration (Fiero).<!--more--></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Both Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz contributed significantly to the field of mathematics and physics and were seen as two of the greatest minds the scientific revolution produced. Unfortunately both Newton and Leibniz share shared a bitter feud over the intellectual ownership of one of the new fields of mathematics that was created in Naturalis Mathematica Principia (Kawalski). It was reported that Newton had created calculus in 1666 but refused to publish any of his works (Fiero). Newton refusal to publish may be largely be due to his theory color and certain deductions were criticized by his peers leaving Newton vowing to never publish any again (Eves). Leibnitz did write letters to Newton, but nothing relating to Calculus was ever mentioned. In 1677 Leibniz had independently created Calculus, and in 1684 he published his work in Acta Eruditonum, Newton was never mentioned in any of the works. At first each acknowledged the others work but soon after each Newton claimed to be the inventor of Calculus. Members of Newton’s faction accused Leibniz of plagiarism, while Leibnitz challenged Newton to complete some mathematical challenges. A frustrated Leibnitz turned to the Royal Society to help settle the discussion; unfortunately the head of Royal Society was none other than Newton. Royal Society leaned heavily towards Newton, and Leibnitz discovered Newton\'s role in the Royal Society’s decision causing only more hatred among the two mathematicians. Eventually Newton was given credit for the creation of Calculus and both remained bitter enemies for the remainder of each other’s lives (Kowalski). Both Mathematicians invented Calculus independently and both are equally credited, Leibnitz\'s contribution was strictly mathematical, while Newton uses this new form of Mathematics and applies it to his surroundings leading to the creation of physics (Eves).</p>\r\nNewton\'s Mathematica Principia would go and become the foundation for the field of physics, for the next 200 years only to be challenged by the Einstein\'s relative physics. In the 200 years Mathematica Principia’s core foundation would never disproven, instead additions and modifications refined Newton\'s work (Principia). The piece was also seen as a philosophical work inspiring the premise for hard determinism. Mathematica Principia main use was to use the laws of motion and gravity to explain the laws the cosmos and nature functioned as a whole. Many of newton’s followers believed that if Newton’s rules applied to nature then our actions could be determined like any other event in nature. Pierre Simon la Place believed that if he knew the location and motion of any body of matter (planet, atom, or human body), he could predict the fate of such body in any point in time. This new philosophy denied the idea of free will and responsibility, and made many wonder if any of their actions allow the individual to take any form of responsibility for said actions.\r\n\r\nNewton’s Mathematica Principia central ideas seem ahead of its time. Many of the mathematical and physics courses I’ve enrolled into all use many of these ideas in one way or another. Newton’s method was how Newton found the roots of any equation that passed along the X-axis and is currently used in most calculators for that very reason. My experience with this tedious number crunching equation makes me value the time and effort put into his work.\r\n\r\nWhether Newton’s Mathematica Principia‘s is one of the most important accomplishments of mankind, and whether we preserved or not, it will never leave us.. If future generations decide to ignore and make the mistake to forget any the Newton’s work, civilization would enter a second dark age. It is impossible to ignore Newton’s contributions, since they are imbedded in a wide scope of subjects ranging from economics, chemistry, architecture, computer science, biology, engineering, and even philosophy.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Works Cited\r\nEves, Howard. “An introduction to the history of Mathematics”. Holt, Rinehart and Winston: University of Maine. 1976. Print. This book displayed the history of Newton and Leibnitz’s Calculus.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Fiero Gloria K “The Humanistic Tradition”, Sixth Edition, Books 3 through 6, by. McGraw-Hill, 2011. This E-book gave Newton’s predecesors, influences, and basic information his work.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Kowalski, Kathiann M. \"A Quarrel: Who Invented Calculus?.\"Odyssey 20.6 (2011): 17. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 13 Oct. 2013. Described how the conflict developed between Newton and his rival Leibnitz</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\"Principia.\" Masterplots, Fourth Edition (2010): 1-3. Literary Reference Center. Web. 12 Oct. 2013. This article showed how significant Newton’s contribution was.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Solomon Robert, Higgins Kathleen, and Martin Clancy. “Introducing Philosophy” Oxford University Press: New York. 2012. Print This book explained the impact of Newton’s work with philosophy leading to hard determinism.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"></p>','Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica','','inherit','open','open','','3512-revision-v1','','','2013-10-16 16:19:26','2013-10-16 22:19:26','',3512,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3521',0,'revision','',0),(3522,95,'2013-10-17 16:05:19','2013-10-17 22:05:19','<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3504 aligncenter\" alt=\"Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_-225x300.jpg\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" /></a>&lt;http://userserve-ak.last.fm/serve/_/51058549/Johann+Sebastian+Bach+A152yih3L_SL600_.jpg&gt;</p>\r\nI\'ve witnessed my fair share of under-rated music or songs, however I don\'t think I\'ve seen anything more under-appriciated than a nice classical arrangement. Lots of people would disagree if I told them how great Bach\'s Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 in G Major was, and still is today. Fitting to the theme back in the classical period around the 1700s, The concerto is very emotionally appealing arrangement that knows nothing but excitement and euphoria. The sweet sound of a violin behind the happy melody from two recorders sets the theme. Flowery fields, windy pastures, A busy day in your happy small town, any of these thoughts can be easily associated with the great example of the Sentimental style in the classical period.\r\n<!--more-->\r\n\r\nWhat makes this concerto shine is it\'s well defined movement and it\'s changes in \'excitement\' all while matching it\'s tones and notes, and generally sounding nice for the ear. Bach accomplished this with a very interesting concept. A strong contrast between a<em> very skilled</em> minimal group of instruments, and a much larger group of instruments that plays adjacent to the smaller group. The very skilled small group is of a<strong> Concertino</strong>, which is the two recorders and violin. The word means \"little ensemble\" and is usually what makes the harmony, and the part you would sing along to if you could, anyways. Then you have the <strong>Ripieno</strong>, which is the combination of a viola, basso, violone, cello and two additional violins.  As it compliments the <strong>Concertino</strong>, this actually makes most of the rhythm in the Concerto.\r\nThe full title the Concerto was given in the sheet music is called \"<em>Concerto 4ta à Violino Principale, due Fiauti d\'Echo, due Violini, una Viola è Violone in Ripieno, Violoncello è Continuo</em>\" and it comes with three movements. In order it goes from <em><strong>Allegro</strong></em>, to <em><strong>Andant\'e</strong></em>, to <em><strong>Presto</strong></em>. Bach himself would play the Concertino\'s violin for most of the solo parts, and eventually in Andante, he will take over with his harpsichord. This concerto was the very latest of his harpsichord concertos, only the same concerto in F major. Bach sadly never had his amazing works fully preformed during his time because of the lack of proper musicians to handle it\'s expertise.\r\nI know I\'d take this with me on aboard the ship, this work of art has been under-appreciated even when Bach was alive at the time. And there\'s nothing I would love to do more than to <em>pester my crew-mates</em> with bouncy, happy, around the clock classical goodness. Only someone who appreciates fine perfectly themed arrangements and it\'s collaboration of musical talents can truly enjoy this concerto, and I\'m more than sure all of the <strong>Brandenburg Concertos</strong>. It\'s still treasured even today, and I want to preserve a fine example of musical talent that was accomplished.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Works Cited.</p>\r\nBACH, J.S. [electronic resource] : Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 / Concerto for 2 Violins / BACH, J.B.: Suite in G minor (Irish Barqoue Orchestra, Huggett). G : Naxos Digital Services Ltd.: Hong Kong, 2009.\r\n\r\nDirst, Matthew Charles. Engaging Bach: The keyboard legacy from Marpurg to Mendelssohn. New York: Cambridge UP, 2012.\r\n\r\nEstrella, Espie. \"Music of the Classical Period.\" About.com Music Education. About.com, n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. &lt;http://musiced.about.com/od/historyofmusic/a/classicalmusic.htm&gt;.\r\n\r\nBrandenburg concerto no. 4 in G, BWV 1049. MP3. Philips Classics, 1989.\r\n\r\nJohann Sebastian Bach\'s Werke, vol.19: Kammermusik, dritter band, Bach-Gesellschaft, Leipzig; ed. Wilhelm Rust, 1871','Brandenburg Concerto No. 4','','inherit','open','open','','3502-revision-v1','','','2013-10-17 16:05:19','2013-10-17 22:05:19','',3502,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3522',0,'revision','',0),(3523,87,'2013-10-18 22:51:48','2013-10-19 04:51:48','<!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;-->\r\n\r\n<!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;-->\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: .5in;\">The painting, Madonna with a Long Neck, is an incredibly important piece of art in the Renaissance, and even today.<span>  </span>This painting, made in 1535 by Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola (known as Parmigianino), was able to capture the very essence of this era of Art (Britannica).<span>  </span>It encompasses both one of the most iconic images in Christianity and the artistic practice of Mannerism, and so must be preserved.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: .5in;\"><!--more-->The painting itself is very interesting, even without analyzing it that much.<span>  </span>At the very front of the picture is fairly typical of religious paintings; Mary holding a baby Jesus with angels looking on in awe, but there are several strange things one notices.<span>  </span>Mary herself has very large hands and a thin, elongated neck.<span>  </span>The baby Jesus is actually about the size of a small child, though he has the features of an infant.<span>  </span>In the background is a miniature version of St. Jerome, and the background itself seems out of perspective and flattened (Kaitlin).<span>  </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: .5in;\">This is all due to the painting being of the Mannerist style, which Parmigianino was a heavy proponent of (Britannica).<span>   </span>The elements of this style were similar to the realistic style at the time, but with a heavy focus on the people in the foreground with often disproportionate limbs and a rather flat background (Britannica).<span>  </span><span> </span>A similar piece of mannerist art is Perseus and Andromeda by Joachim Wtewael, which featured a similar exaggerated limbs and distorted perceptions, though the theme was largely different (Britannica).<span>  </span>Mannerism was considered to be a response to Naturalism and Classicism, (Britannica).</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: .5in;\">Madonna with a Long Neck was a piece of religious iconography, featuring the incredibly popular theme of Mary holding the baby Jesus (Lamarre).<span>  </span>The baby, who was gigantic in the painting, is reflective of a common medieval theme, where the baby Jesus was large as he was the central image of the painting (Lamarre).<span>  </span>Meanwhile, Mary’s neck and fingers were made long in order to make her appear more graceful and elegant (Britannica).<span>  </span>Christianity, specifically Roman Catholicism, the main religion of Italy, was a very powerful influence, and undoubtedly helped to shape this painting (Britannica).<span>  </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: .5in;\">The painting itself was well received in its time and Parmigianino was a fairly well known artist (Britannica).<span>  </span>Today, the painting is recognized as a masterpiece (Kaitlin).<span>  </span>Because of everything it represents; Mannerism, Religious Iconography, and the influence of Christianity, this piece needs to be preserved.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>                </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\">Works Cited</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Kaitlin. \"Madonna with the Long Neck |.\" Keeping History Alive. N.p., 28 Nov. 2012. Web. 1 Oct. 2013.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">A graduate in Art History’s blog on WordPress, which allowed me some insight into the painting as well as a modern take on its importance.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\"Parmigianino\". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2013. Web. 3 Oct. 2013</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">An article in Encyclopedia Britannica which gave me information on the artist of the painting.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Lamarre, Mark. The Symbolic Functions of the Enthroned Virgin in the Cathedral of Chartres. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2013.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">An article that gave me information on some historical context of religious iconography.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\"Mannerism (art).\" Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 8 Oct. 2013.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">An article in Encyclopedia Britannica which gave me information on the artistic style of the painting.</p>','Madonna with the Long Neck','','publish','open','open','','madonna-with-the-long-neck','','','2013-10-19 18:16:21','2013-10-20 00:16:21','',0,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3523',0,'post','',4),(3525,87,'2013-10-18 22:51:48','2013-10-19 04:51:48','<!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;-->\r\n\r\n<!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;-->\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: .5in\">The painting, Madonna with a Long Neck, is an incredibly important piece of art in the Renaissance, and even today.<span>  </span>This painting, made in 1535 by Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola (known as Parmigianino), was able to capture the very essence of this era of Art (Britannica).<span>  </span>It encompasses both one of the most iconic images in Christianity and the artistic practice of Mannerism, and so must be preserved.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: .5in\"><!--more-->The painting itself is very interesting, even without analyzing it that much.<span>  </span>At the very front of the picture is fairly typical of religious paintings; Mary holding a baby Jesus with angels looking on in awe, but there are several strange things one notices.<span>  </span>Mary herself has very large hands and a thin, elongated neck.<span>  </span>The baby Jesus is actually about the size of a small child, though he has the features of an infant.<span>  </span>In the background is a miniature version of St. Jerome, and the background itself seems out of perspective and flattened (Kaitlin).<span>  </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: .5in\">This is all due to the painting being of the Mannerist style, which Parmigianino was a heavy proponent of (Britannica).<span>   </span>The elements of this style were similar to the realistic style at the time, but with a heavy focus on the people in the foreground with often disproportionate limbs and a rather flat background (Britannica).<span>  </span><span> </span>A similar piece of mannerist art is Perseus and Andromeda by Joachim Wtewael, which featured a similar exaggerated limbs and distorted perceptions, though the theme was largely different (Britannica).<span>  </span>Mannerism was considered to be a response to Naturalism and Classicism, (Britannica).</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: .5in\">Madonna with a Long Neck was a piece of religious iconography, featuring the incredibly popular theme of Mary holding the baby Jesus (Lamarre).<span>  </span>The baby, who was gigantic in the painting, is reflective of a common medieval theme, where the baby Jesus was large as he was the central image of the painting (Lamarre).<span>  </span>Meanwhile, Mary’s neck and fingers were made long in order to make her appear more graceful and elegant (Britannica).<span>  </span>Christianity, specifically Roman Catholicism, the main religion of Italy, was a very powerful influence, and undoubtedly helped to shape this painting (Britannica).<span>  </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: .5in\">The painting itself was well received in its time and Parmigianino was a fairly well known artist (Britannica).<span>  </span>Today, the painting is recognized as a masterpiece (Kaitlin).<span>  </span>Because of everything it represents; Mannerism, Religious Iconography, and the influence of Christianity, this piece needs to be preserved.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>                </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center\" align=\"center\">Works Cited</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Kaitlin. \"Madonna with the Long Neck |.\" Keeping History Alive. N.p., 28 Nov. 2012. Web. 1 Oct. 2013.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">A graduate in Art History’s blog on WordPress, which allowed me some insight into the painting as well as a modern take on its importance.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\"Parmigianino\". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2013. Web. 3 Oct. 2013</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">An article in Encyclopedia Britannica which gave me information on the artist of the painting.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Lamarre, Mark. The Symbolic Functions of the Enthroned Virgin in the Cathedral of Chartres. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2013.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">An article that gave me information on some historical context of religious iconography.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\"Mannerism (art).\" Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 8 Oct. 2013.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">An article in Encyclopedia Britannica which gave me information on the artistic style of the painting.</p>','Madonna with the Long Neck','','inherit','open','open','','3523-revision-v1','','','2013-10-18 22:51:48','2013-10-19 04:51:48','',3523,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3525',0,'revision','',0),(3524,87,'2013-10-18 22:49:41','2013-10-19 04:49:41','<!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;-->\r\n \r\n  \r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n<!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;-->\r\n \r\n  Normal\r\n  0\r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  false\r\n  false\r\n  false\r\n  \r\n  EN-US\r\n  X-NONE\r\n  X-NONE\r\n  \r\n   \r\n   \r\n   \r\n   \r\n   \r\n   \r\n   \r\n   \r\n   \r\n  \r\n  \r\n   \r\n   \r\n   \r\n   \r\n   \r\n   \r\n   \r\n   \r\n   \r\n   \r\n   \r\n  \r\n<!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;-->\r\n \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n  \r\n \r\n<!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;-->\r\n\r\n /* Style Definitions */\r\n table.MsoNormalTable\r\n	{mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\r\n	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\r\n	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\r\n	mso-style-noshow:yes;\r\n	mso-style-priority:99;\r\n	mso-style-parent:\"\";\r\n	mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\r\n	mso-para-margin-top:0in;\r\n	mso-para-margin-right:0in;\r\n	mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;\r\n	mso-para-margin-left:0in;\r\n	line-height:115%;\r\n	mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\r\n	font-size:11.0pt;\r\n	font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\r\n	mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\r\n	mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\r\n	mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\r\n	mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: .5in\">The painting, Madonna with a Long Neck, is an incredibly important piece of art in the Renaissance, and even today.<span>  </span>This painting, made in 1535 by Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola (known as Parmigianino), was able to capture the very essence of this era of Art (Britannica).<span>  </span>It encompasses both one of the most iconic images in Christianity and the artistic practice of Mannerism, and so must be preserved.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: .5in\">The painting itself is very interesting, even without analyzing it that much.<span>  </span>At the very front of the picture is fairly typical of religious paintings; Mary holding a baby Jesus with angels looking on in awe, but there are several strange things one notices.<span>  </span>Mary herself has very large hands and a thin, elongated neck.<span>  </span>The baby Jesus is actually about the size of a small child, though he has the features of an infant.<span>  </span>In the background is a miniature version of St. Jerome, and the background itself seems out of perspective and flattened (Kaitlin).<span>  </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: .5in\">This is all due to the painting being of the Mannerist style, which Parmigianino was a heavy proponent of (Britannica).<span>   </span>The elements of this style were similar to the realistic style at the time, but with a heavy focus on the people in the foreground with often disproportionate limbs and a rather flat background (Britannica).<span>  </span><span> </span>A similar piece of mannerist art is Perseus and Andromeda by Joachim Wtewael, which featured a similar exaggerated limbs and distorted perceptions, though the theme was largely different (Britannica).<span>  </span>Mannerism was considered to be a response to Naturalism and Classicism, (Britannica).</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: .5in\">Madonna with a Long Neck was a piece of religious iconography, featuring the incredibly popular theme of Mary holding the baby Jesus (Lamarre).<span>  </span>The baby, who was gigantic in the painting, is reflective of a common medieval theme, where the baby Jesus was large as he was the central image of the painting (Lamarre).<span>  </span>Meanwhile, Mary’s neck and fingers were made long in order to make her appear more graceful and elegant (Britannica).<span>  </span>Christianity, specifically Roman Catholicism, the main religion of Italy, was a very powerful influence, and undoubtedly helped to shape this painting (Britannica).<span>  </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: .5in\">The painting itself was well received in its time and Parmigianino was a fairly well known artist (Britannica).<span>  </span>Today, the painting is recognized as a masterpiece (Kaitlin).<span>  </span>Because of everything it represents; Mannerism, Religious Iconography, and the influence of Christianity, this piece needs to be preserved.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: .5in\"></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: .5in\"></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>                </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center\" align=\"center\">Works Cited</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Kaitlin. \"Madonna with the Long Neck |.\" Keeping History Alive. N.p., 28 Nov. 2012. Web. 1 Oct. 2013.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">A graduate in Art History’s blog on WordPress, which allowed me some insight into the painting as well as a modern take on its importance.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\"Parmigianino\". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2013. Web. 3 Oct. 2013</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">An article in Encyclopedia Britannica which gave me information on the artist of the painting.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Lamarre, Mark. The Symbolic Functions of the Enthroned Virgin in the Cathedral of Chartres. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2013.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">An article that gave me information on some historical context of religious iconography.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\"Mannerism (art).\" Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 8 Oct. 2013.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">An article in Encyclopedia Britannica which gave me information on the artistic style of the painting.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"></p>','Madonna with the Long Neck','','inherit','open','open','','3523-revision-v1','','','2013-10-18 22:49:41','2013-10-19 04:49:41','',3523,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3524',0,'revision','',0),(3526,1,'2013-10-19 18:16:21','2013-10-20 00:16:21','<!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;-->\r\n\r\n<!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;-->\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: .5in;\">The painting, Madonna with a Long Neck, is an incredibly important piece of art in the Renaissance, and even today.<span>  </span>This painting, made in 1535 by Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola (known as Parmigianino), was able to capture the very essence of this era of Art (Britannica).<span>  </span>It encompasses both one of the most iconic images in Christianity and the artistic practice of Mannerism, and so must be preserved.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: .5in;\"><!--more-->The painting itself is very interesting, even without analyzing it that much.<span>  </span>At the very front of the picture is fairly typical of religious paintings; Mary holding a baby Jesus with angels looking on in awe, but there are several strange things one notices.<span>  </span>Mary herself has very large hands and a thin, elongated neck.<span>  </span>The baby Jesus is actually about the size of a small child, though he has the features of an infant.<span>  </span>In the background is a miniature version of St. Jerome, and the background itself seems out of perspective and flattened (Kaitlin).<span>  </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: .5in;\">This is all due to the painting being of the Mannerist style, which Parmigianino was a heavy proponent of (Britannica).<span>   </span>The elements of this style were similar to the realistic style at the time, but with a heavy focus on the people in the foreground with often disproportionate limbs and a rather flat background (Britannica).<span>  </span><span> </span>A similar piece of mannerist art is Perseus and Andromeda by Joachim Wtewael, which featured a similar exaggerated limbs and distorted perceptions, though the theme was largely different (Britannica).<span>  </span>Mannerism was considered to be a response to Naturalism and Classicism, (Britannica).</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: .5in;\">Madonna with a Long Neck was a piece of religious iconography, featuring the incredibly popular theme of Mary holding the baby Jesus (Lamarre).<span>  </span>The baby, who was gigantic in the painting, is reflective of a common medieval theme, where the baby Jesus was large as he was the central image of the painting (Lamarre).<span>  </span>Meanwhile, Mary’s neck and fingers were made long in order to make her appear more graceful and elegant (Britannica).<span>  </span>Christianity, specifically Roman Catholicism, the main religion of Italy, was a very powerful influence, and undoubtedly helped to shape this painting (Britannica).<span>  </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: .5in;\">The painting itself was well received in its time and Parmigianino was a fairly well known artist (Britannica).<span>  </span>Today, the painting is recognized as a masterpiece (Kaitlin).<span>  </span>Because of everything it represents; Mannerism, Religious Iconography, and the influence of Christianity, this piece needs to be preserved.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span>                </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\">Works Cited</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Kaitlin. \"Madonna with the Long Neck |.\" Keeping History Alive. N.p., 28 Nov. 2012. Web. 1 Oct. 2013.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">A graduate in Art History’s blog on WordPress, which allowed me some insight into the painting as well as a modern take on its importance.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\"Parmigianino\". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2013. Web. 3 Oct. 2013</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">An article in Encyclopedia Britannica which gave me information on the artist of the painting.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Lamarre, Mark. The Symbolic Functions of the Enthroned Virgin in the Cathedral of Chartres. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2013.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">An article that gave me information on some historical context of religious iconography.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">\"Mannerism (art).\" Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 8 Oct. 2013.</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">An article in Encyclopedia Britannica which gave me information on the artistic style of the painting.</p>','Madonna with the Long Neck','','inherit','open','open','','3523-revision-v1','','','2013-10-19 18:16:21','2013-10-20 00:16:21','',3523,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3526',0,'revision','',0),(3527,83,'2013-10-20 17:37:08','2013-10-20 23:37:08','Laura Cereta (1469-1499) was considered to be a Renaissance feminist and an Italian philosopher. According to the Gale Encyclopedia of Biography , “Cereta wrote letters throughout her short adult life, the contents of which formed the basis of feminism that surfaced during the Enlightenment of the 18th century.” Cereta\'s work were letters she wrote using her own opinion of topics such as, marriage and family, education, etc.. All of these letters were things that were going on during her time. Jennifer Hargucgi, of The University of Chicago wrote “Some of the correspondents were fictitious, and her father sent a number of them to the Dominican friar Tommaso of Milan, who wrote back praising them.” During that period of time it was not common for women to write nor were they held in high status she changed that by being so strong willed and not letting anyone tell her that her work was not hers. She believed that a woman could create work just as good if not better than a man.<!--more--> In her biography it is written that “In an epistle entitled Curse against the Ornamentation of Women, she denounces women who find more interest in jewelry, cosmetics, and attire than in enriching their minds.” Although her work may have not been accepted, Cereta’s work was typical of its era because at that time there were not many women who were bold enough to write about such topics. Women were not held in a high regard nor were they known to have reading and writing talent. This piece stands out because she was the first woman to stand up and make a difference. “Because her Latin composition was so good, some intellectuals accused her of plagiarism.” Quoted from her biography. People today take still use her work for instance in schools. In Cereta’s biography it is quoted “Cereta\'s life provides a good illustration of the type of dedication she advocated.” Her letters have been compared to those of other early feminist critics such as Ann Finch, Anna Barbauld. These writers came some time after Cereta\'s but were said to “Rebuild and redefine the idea of gender.” I believe the work is beautiful. Cereta’s outlook on things like marriage, life, and education..etc is so different from other woman of her time and I find it meaningful being a woman myself it gives me a feeling of comfort knowing not all women just care about material things. I think what makes this most significant is the fact that she didn’t take no for an answer and she wasn’t afraid to be different. Today people can use that same motivation to follow their dreams and not be afraid to be different or set a new example. “These efforts, in turn, brought forth critics, both male and female, who, jealous of her accomplishments, belittled her work.” Tomasini, Laurae Ceretae epistolae\r\n\r\nWork Cited: Biography by Jennifer Haraguchi, The University of Chicago Gale Encyclopedia of Biography: Laura Cereta Letter to Biblus Sempronius, Defense of the Liberal Instruction of Women (Camille) From Laura Cereta, 1488 Letter to Augustinus Aemilius “Curse against the Ornamention of Women” Tomasini, Laurae Ceretae epistolae','Laura Cereta ','','inherit','open','open','','3376-revision-v1','','','2013-10-20 17:37:08','2013-10-20 23:37:08','',3376,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3527',0,'revision','',0),(3528,93,'2013-10-21 22:33:00','2013-10-22 04:33:00','<p align=\"center\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Versailles_Palace.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-3529\" alt=\"Versailles_Palace\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Versailles_Palace-300x180.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"180\" /></a></p>\r\n<p align=\"center\"><a href=\"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Versailles_Palace.jpg\">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Versailles_Palace.jpg</a></p>\r\n            Originally constructed in the 17<sup>th</sup> century, the Palace of Versailles is a not only monument to architectural genius, but also to the opulence and absolute monarchy of an era. Continuously built upon through the 17<sup>th</sup> century and into the 18<sup>th</sup>, it served as a symbol of the decadence of the monarchy of France, only to essentially become the physical manifestation of everything the French Revolution stood against. In that sense, it is a time capsule of sorts to a bygone era, and should be preserved not only as an incredible achievement of art and design, but also as a lesson of human error in the past, one that is as relevant today as it ever was.<!--more-->\r\n\r\nTypical of the era of the <i>Ancien Regime</i>, the Palace is massive and filled to the brim with every kind of opulent grandeur one could conceive of. There are countless rooms and passageways, a massive outdoor garden with fountains, sculptures, and even an entirely separate house in the more wooded areas of the grounds that served as a country estate that was built so that Marie Antoinette could retreat from the palace when things got too “stressful” for her (chateauversailles.fr) . That palace stands as a monument to the French Aristocracy of the era, and all the decadence that came with the territory.\r\n\r\nIt was innovative for its time in that it served not only as a place of living for the French monarchy, but also as the seat of authoritative power from which the monarchy governed. (Berger) Also, the palace served as a repository for confiscated works of art, science, medicine, etc. during the French Revolution, as well as a collection of curiosities from around the world (Fromageot). In that sense, the palace was a museum of sorts at the time, housing many works of varying values, some of which became part of the eventual museum and could have been lost to time had they not been amassed at the palace.\r\n\r\nThere is not much information on how the palace was received at the time of its construction. It is generally accepted that it was a physical manifestation of the gluttony and decadence of the French Aristocracy that the Revolution stood against, and by contrast, a modern architectural marvel. Today, the palace is seen as an invaluable masterpiece of design, and an irreplaceable piece of history. Having toured the palace myself, I can attest to its grandeur and splendor.\r\n\r\nWhen I toured the palace, I was surprised by how small the rooms and corridors often were, despite the palace itself being so massive. There were a handful of very large rooms, but for the most part, it often felt cramped. However, the sheer number of works of art, both intentional and unintentional, within the palace is staggering. The gardens were what truly made my jaw drop, however. I’ve never seen anything quite like it, and both the absurdity of the need for such a monument to royalty and the sheer beauty of it all struck me. It truly is a testament to human ingenuity, and should be recognized as such, flaws and all.\r\n\r\nTo compare the palace to another work of its time would be a little tricky, but one of the closest examples would be the Taj Mahal, another insanely opulent palace dedicated to the worship of royalty. Like the Palace of Versailles, the Taj Mahal is a monument to both architectural genius and sheer decadence. One key difference is within the origins of either palace. While the Palace at Versailles was built almost exclusively for pleasure, the Taj Mahal was constructed as a massive mausoleum, after Emperor Shah Jahan was devastated by the death of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal (Asher). It is striking then, the differences in how miracles of human ingenuity often occur. Some are born of pride, others of grief and trauma.\r\n\r\nFuture generations would do well to look on the Palace at Versailles as a testament to the kind of artistic prowess mankind can achieve, but also as a stark reminder of an age of opulence that was brought to justice when the wealthy few stood on the shoulders of the countless poor.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Works Cited</span></p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Asher, Catherine Ella Blanshard (2003). <i>The New Cambridge History of India, Vol I:4 - Architecture of Mughal India</i> (Hardback) (First published 1992, reprinted 2001,2003 ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 368.</li>\r\n	<li>\"Découvrir Le DomaineLe Domaine De Marie-Antoinette.\" <i>Chateau Versailles: Le Domaine De Marie-Antoinette</i>. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2013. &lt;http://www.chateauversailles.fr/domaine-marie-antoinette&gt;.</li>\r\n	<li>Berger, Robert W., Hedin, Thomas F., (29 Aug 2008). <a href=\"http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Z2CTyoG9UtwC&amp;pg=PA27#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\"><i>Diplomatic Tours in the Gardens of Versailles Under Louis XIV</i></a>. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 27.</li>\r\n	<li>Fromageot, P (August 1903). \"Le Château de Versailles en 1795, d’après le journal de Hugues Lagarde\". <i>Revue de l’histoire de Versailles</i>: 224–240</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','The Palace of Versailles','','publish','open','open','','the-palace-of-versailles','','','2013-10-24 18:05:30','2013-10-25 00:05:30','',0,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3528',0,'post','',3),(3529,93,'2013-10-21 22:32:30','2013-10-22 04:32:30','','Versailles_Palace','','inherit','open','open','','versailles_palace','','','2013-10-21 22:32:30','2013-10-22 04:32:30','',3528,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Versailles_Palace.jpg',0,'attachment','image/jpeg',0),(3530,93,'2013-10-21 22:32:52','2013-10-22 04:32:52','<p align=\"center\"></p>\r\n<p align=\"center\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Versailles_Palace.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-3529\" alt=\"Versailles_Palace\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Versailles_Palace-300x180.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"180\" /></a></p>\r\n<p align=\"center\"><a href=\"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Versailles_Palace.jpg\">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Versailles_Palace.jpg</a></p>\r\n<p align=\"center\"></p>\r\n            Originally constructed in the 17<sup>th</sup> century, the Palace of Versailles is a not only monument to architectural genius, but also to the opulence and absolute monarchy of an era. Continuously built upon through the 17<sup>th</sup> century and into the 18<sup>th</sup>, it served as a symbol of the decadence of the monarchy of France, only to essentially become the physical manifestation of everything the French Revolution stood against. In that sense, it is a time capsule of sorts to a bygone era, and should be preserved not only as an incredible achievement of art and design, but also as a lesson of human error in the past, one that is as relevant today as it ever was.\r\n\r\nTypical of the era of the <i>Ancien Regime</i>, the Palace is massive and filled to the brim with every kind of opulent grandeur one could conceive of. There are countless rooms and passageways, a massive outdoor garden with fountains, sculptures, and even an entirely separate house in the more wooded areas of the grounds that served as a country estate that was built so that Marie Antoinette could retreat from the palace when things got too “stressful” for her (chateauversailles.fr) . That palace stands as a monument to the French Aristocracy of the era, and all the decadence that came with the territory.\r\n\r\nIt was innovative for its time in that it served not only as a place of living for the French monarchy, but also as the seat of authoritative power from which the monarchy governed. (Berger) Also, the palace served as a repository for confiscated works of art, science, medicine, etc. during the French Revolution, as well as a collection of curiosities from around the world (Fromageot). In that sense, the palace was a museum of sorts at the time, housing many works of varying values, some of which became part of the eventual museum and could have been lost to time had they not been amassed at the palace.\r\n\r\nThere is not much information on how the palace was received at the time of its construction. It is generally accepted that it was a physical manifestation of the gluttony and decadence of the French Aristocracy that the Revolution stood against, and by contrast, a modern architectural marvel. Today, the palace is seen as an invaluable masterpiece of design, and an irreplaceable piece of history. Having toured the palace myself, I can attest to its grandeur and splendor.\r\n\r\nWhen I toured the palace, I was surprised by how small the rooms and corridors often were, despite the palace itself being so massive. There were a handful of very large rooms, but for the most part, it often felt cramped. However, the sheer number of works of art, both intentional and unintentional, within the palace is staggering. The gardens were what truly made my jaw drop, however. I’ve never seen anything quite like it, and both the absurdity of the need for such a monument to royalty and the sheer beauty of it all struck me. It truly is a testament to human ingenuity, and should be recognized as such, flaws and all.\r\n\r\nTo compare the palace to another work of its time would be a little tricky, but one of the closest examples would be the Taj Mahal, another insanely opulent palace dedicated to the worship of royalty. Like the Palace of Versailles, the Taj Mahal is a monument to both architectural genius and sheer decadence. One key difference is within the origins of either palace. While the Palace at Versailles was built almost exclusively for pleasure, the Taj Mahal was constructed as a massive mausoleum, after Emperor Shah Jahan was devastated by the death of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal (Asher). It is striking then, the differences in how miracles of human ingenuity often occur. Some are born of pride, others of grief and trauma.\r\n\r\nFuture generations would do well to look on the Palace at Versailles as a testament to the kind of artistic prowess mankind can achieve, but also as a stark reminder of an age of opulence that was brought to justice when the wealthy few stood on the shoulders of the countless poor.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Works Cited</span></p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Asher, Catherine Ella Blanshard (2003). <i>The New Cambridge History of India, Vol I:4 - Architecture of Mughal India</i> (Hardback) (First published 1992, reprinted 2001,2003 ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 368.</li>\r\n	<li>\"Découvrir Le DomaineLe Domaine De Marie-Antoinette.\" <i>Chateau Versailles: Le Domaine De Marie-Antoinette</i>. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2013. &lt;http://www.chateauversailles.fr/domaine-marie-antoinette&gt;.</li>\r\n	<li>Berger, Robert W., Hedin, Thomas F., (29 Aug 2008). <a href=\"http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Z2CTyoG9UtwC&amp;pg=PA27#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\"><i>Diplomatic Tours in the Gardens of Versailles Under Louis XIV</i></a>. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 27.</li>\r\n	<li>Fromageot, P (August 1903). \"Le Château de Versailles en 1795, d’après le journal de Hugues Lagarde\". <i>Revue de l’histoire de Versailles</i>: 224–240</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','The Palace of Versailles','','inherit','open','open','','3528-revision-v1','','','2013-10-21 22:32:52','2013-10-22 04:32:52','',3528,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3530',0,'revision','',0),(3531,93,'2013-10-21 22:33:00','2013-10-22 04:33:00','<p align=\"center\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Versailles_Palace.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-3529\" alt=\"Versailles_Palace\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Versailles_Palace-300x180.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"180\" /></a></p>\r\n<p align=\"center\"><a href=\"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Versailles_Palace.jpg\">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Versailles_Palace.jpg</a></p>\r\n            Originally constructed in the 17<sup>th</sup> century, the Palace of Versailles is a not only monument to architectural genius, but also to the opulence and absolute monarchy of an era. Continuously built upon through the 17<sup>th</sup> century and into the 18<sup>th</sup>, it served as a symbol of the decadence of the monarchy of France, only to essentially become the physical manifestation of everything the French Revolution stood against. In that sense, it is a time capsule of sorts to a bygone era, and should be preserved not only as an incredible achievement of art and design, but also as a lesson of human error in the past, one that is as relevant today as it ever was.\r\n\r\nTypical of the era of the <i>Ancien Regime</i>, the Palace is massive and filled to the brim with every kind of opulent grandeur one could conceive of. There are countless rooms and passageways, a massive outdoor garden with fountains, sculptures, and even an entirely separate house in the more wooded areas of the grounds that served as a country estate that was built so that Marie Antoinette could retreat from the palace when things got too “stressful” for her (chateauversailles.fr) . That palace stands as a monument to the French Aristocracy of the era, and all the decadence that came with the territory.\r\n\r\nIt was innovative for its time in that it served not only as a place of living for the French monarchy, but also as the seat of authoritative power from which the monarchy governed. (Berger) Also, the palace served as a repository for confiscated works of art, science, medicine, etc. during the French Revolution, as well as a collection of curiosities from around the world (Fromageot). In that sense, the palace was a museum of sorts at the time, housing many works of varying values, some of which became part of the eventual museum and could have been lost to time had they not been amassed at the palace.\r\n\r\nThere is not much information on how the palace was received at the time of its construction. It is generally accepted that it was a physical manifestation of the gluttony and decadence of the French Aristocracy that the Revolution stood against, and by contrast, a modern architectural marvel. Today, the palace is seen as an invaluable masterpiece of design, and an irreplaceable piece of history. Having toured the palace myself, I can attest to its grandeur and splendor.\r\n\r\nWhen I toured the palace, I was surprised by how small the rooms and corridors often were, despite the palace itself being so massive. There were a handful of very large rooms, but for the most part, it often felt cramped. However, the sheer number of works of art, both intentional and unintentional, within the palace is staggering. The gardens were what truly made my jaw drop, however. I’ve never seen anything quite like it, and both the absurdity of the need for such a monument to royalty and the sheer beauty of it all struck me. It truly is a testament to human ingenuity, and should be recognized as such, flaws and all.\r\n\r\nTo compare the palace to another work of its time would be a little tricky, but one of the closest examples would be the Taj Mahal, another insanely opulent palace dedicated to the worship of royalty. Like the Palace of Versailles, the Taj Mahal is a monument to both architectural genius and sheer decadence. One key difference is within the origins of either palace. While the Palace at Versailles was built almost exclusively for pleasure, the Taj Mahal was constructed as a massive mausoleum, after Emperor Shah Jahan was devastated by the death of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal (Asher). It is striking then, the differences in how miracles of human ingenuity often occur. Some are born of pride, others of grief and trauma.\r\n\r\nFuture generations would do well to look on the Palace at Versailles as a testament to the kind of artistic prowess mankind can achieve, but also as a stark reminder of an age of opulence that was brought to justice when the wealthy few stood on the shoulders of the countless poor.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Works Cited</span></p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Asher, Catherine Ella Blanshard (2003). <i>The New Cambridge History of India, Vol I:4 - Architecture of Mughal India</i> (Hardback) (First published 1992, reprinted 2001,2003 ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 368.</li>\r\n	<li>\"Découvrir Le DomaineLe Domaine De Marie-Antoinette.\" <i>Chateau Versailles: Le Domaine De Marie-Antoinette</i>. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2013. &lt;http://www.chateauversailles.fr/domaine-marie-antoinette&gt;.</li>\r\n	<li>Berger, Robert W., Hedin, Thomas F., (29 Aug 2008). <a href=\"http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Z2CTyoG9UtwC&amp;pg=PA27#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\"><i>Diplomatic Tours in the Gardens of Versailles Under Louis XIV</i></a>. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 27.</li>\r\n	<li>Fromageot, P (August 1903). \"Le Château de Versailles en 1795, d’après le journal de Hugues Lagarde\". <i>Revue de l’histoire de Versailles</i>: 224–240</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','The Palace of Versailles','','inherit','open','open','','3528-revision-v1','','','2013-10-21 22:33:00','2013-10-22 04:33:00','',3528,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3531',0,'revision','',0),(3532,1,'2013-10-24 18:05:30','2013-10-25 00:05:30','<p align=\"center\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Versailles_Palace.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-3529\" alt=\"Versailles_Palace\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Versailles_Palace-300x180.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"180\" /></a></p>\r\n<p align=\"center\"><a href=\"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Versailles_Palace.jpg\">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Versailles_Palace.jpg</a></p>\r\n            Originally constructed in the 17<sup>th</sup> century, the Palace of Versailles is a not only monument to architectural genius, but also to the opulence and absolute monarchy of an era. Continuously built upon through the 17<sup>th</sup> century and into the 18<sup>th</sup>, it served as a symbol of the decadence of the monarchy of France, only to essentially become the physical manifestation of everything the French Revolution stood against. In that sense, it is a time capsule of sorts to a bygone era, and should be preserved not only as an incredible achievement of art and design, but also as a lesson of human error in the past, one that is as relevant today as it ever was.<!--more-->\r\n\r\nTypical of the era of the <i>Ancien Regime</i>, the Palace is massive and filled to the brim with every kind of opulent grandeur one could conceive of. There are countless rooms and passageways, a massive outdoor garden with fountains, sculptures, and even an entirely separate house in the more wooded areas of the grounds that served as a country estate that was built so that Marie Antoinette could retreat from the palace when things got too “stressful” for her (chateauversailles.fr) . That palace stands as a monument to the French Aristocracy of the era, and all the decadence that came with the territory.\r\n\r\nIt was innovative for its time in that it served not only as a place of living for the French monarchy, but also as the seat of authoritative power from which the monarchy governed. (Berger) Also, the palace served as a repository for confiscated works of art, science, medicine, etc. during the French Revolution, as well as a collection of curiosities from around the world (Fromageot). In that sense, the palace was a museum of sorts at the time, housing many works of varying values, some of which became part of the eventual museum and could have been lost to time had they not been amassed at the palace.\r\n\r\nThere is not much information on how the palace was received at the time of its construction. It is generally accepted that it was a physical manifestation of the gluttony and decadence of the French Aristocracy that the Revolution stood against, and by contrast, a modern architectural marvel. Today, the palace is seen as an invaluable masterpiece of design, and an irreplaceable piece of history. Having toured the palace myself, I can attest to its grandeur and splendor.\r\n\r\nWhen I toured the palace, I was surprised by how small the rooms and corridors often were, despite the palace itself being so massive. There were a handful of very large rooms, but for the most part, it often felt cramped. However, the sheer number of works of art, both intentional and unintentional, within the palace is staggering. The gardens were what truly made my jaw drop, however. I’ve never seen anything quite like it, and both the absurdity of the need for such a monument to royalty and the sheer beauty of it all struck me. It truly is a testament to human ingenuity, and should be recognized as such, flaws and all.\r\n\r\nTo compare the palace to another work of its time would be a little tricky, but one of the closest examples would be the Taj Mahal, another insanely opulent palace dedicated to the worship of royalty. Like the Palace of Versailles, the Taj Mahal is a monument to both architectural genius and sheer decadence. One key difference is within the origins of either palace. While the Palace at Versailles was built almost exclusively for pleasure, the Taj Mahal was constructed as a massive mausoleum, after Emperor Shah Jahan was devastated by the death of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal (Asher). It is striking then, the differences in how miracles of human ingenuity often occur. Some are born of pride, others of grief and trauma.\r\n\r\nFuture generations would do well to look on the Palace at Versailles as a testament to the kind of artistic prowess mankind can achieve, but also as a stark reminder of an age of opulence that was brought to justice when the wealthy few stood on the shoulders of the countless poor.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Works Cited</span></p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Asher, Catherine Ella Blanshard (2003). <i>The New Cambridge History of India, Vol I:4 - Architecture of Mughal India</i> (Hardback) (First published 1992, reprinted 2001,2003 ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 368.</li>\r\n	<li>\"Découvrir Le DomaineLe Domaine De Marie-Antoinette.\" <i>Chateau Versailles: Le Domaine De Marie-Antoinette</i>. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2013. &lt;http://www.chateauversailles.fr/domaine-marie-antoinette&gt;.</li>\r\n	<li>Berger, Robert W., Hedin, Thomas F., (29 Aug 2008). <a href=\"http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Z2CTyoG9UtwC&amp;pg=PA27#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\"><i>Diplomatic Tours in the Gardens of Versailles Under Louis XIV</i></a>. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 27.</li>\r\n	<li>Fromageot, P (August 1903). \"Le Château de Versailles en 1795, d’après le journal de Hugues Lagarde\". <i>Revue de l’histoire de Versailles</i>: 224–240</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','The Palace of Versailles','','inherit','open','open','','3528-revision-v1','','','2013-10-24 18:05:30','2013-10-25 00:05:30','',3528,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3532',0,'revision','',0),(3533,80,'2013-11-04 13:09:24','2013-11-04 19:09:24','&nbsp;\r\n<p align=\"center\">“Listen. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” Thomas Jefferson.</p>\r\nLiberty, what is Liberty? It is not a statue. Although that is what we picture when we say liberty. By definition, liberty is the state or condition of people who are able to act and speak freely. It is not a statue. The Statue is only a symbol. The statue is only copper, granite, steel, and iron. The statue speaks to us; what it makes us feel inside is what makes it so significant. Liberty is what we as Americans always wanted. It was what the country was founded on and what the Revolution was fought for. Therefore the Statue of Liberty should be preserved for individual reasons and beliefs, as well as the creative and artistic intellect of Frederic Augusta Bartholdi along with the architectural brilliance of Alexander Gustave Eiffel.<!--more-->\r\n\r\nIn 1861 the northern and southern United States had tensions over issues of state rights versus federal authority, westward expansion and how slavery blew up in the American Civil War (1861-1865). When Republican Abraham Lincoln was elected in 1860, he was known as the anti-slavery president that caused seven southern states to break away from the Union to form the Confederate States of America. Later four more joined them after the first shots of the Civil War were fired. Four years of vicious conflict of historic battles such as Bull Run (Manassas), Gettysburg and Vicksburg to just to name a few, the Civil War position neighbor against neighbor. The Confederate States surrender in 1865 with the Civil War being established as the most tragic war ever fought on American soil.  620,000 of 2.4 million soldiers were killed, millions more injured, and the population and territory of the South was devastated. Around the same time cross the ocean a French political intellectual and authority on the U.S. Constitution by the name Eduardo Laboulaye held a dinner party and proposed an idea to give a monument representing liberty to the U.S. independence by the centennial year. (1876) A sculptor by the name of Frederic Augusta Bartholdi was at the party and was very intrigued by the proposal of Laboulaye, he enthusiastically supports his proposed statue and becomes the sculptor. In 1867 Bartholdi proposed a huge statue of an Egyptian robed women holding a torch for the opening of the Suez Canal with a meaning of “Egypt bringing the light to Asia” Bartholdi said. However; Egypt denied his offer, nevertheless Bartholdi stayed undiscouraged and kept his drawings. In 1871 Laboulaye urged Bartholdi to take a trip to the United States to promote the statue. As he sails through the New York harbor he saw Bedloe’s Island and said to himself this is where I should erect my statue. This is what people should see when they view the new world. In 1872 Bartholdi returns to France to report interest in the statue and declares the ideal spot for Liberty (\"The Statue\").\r\n\r\nThe Statue of Liberty creators strongly felt that the project should be a joint effort, as the French would agree to fund the statue if the American’s fund the pedestal. The Franco-American Union committee approves Bartholdi’s plaster model of “Liberty enlightening the world “in 1875 and fundraised 600,000 Francs that Bartholdi claimed he would need.  Laboulaye presented a formal request to the President Ulysses S. Grant. The statue’s life began in Paris, France and the Statue\'s hand holding the torch was completed in 1876 and sent to Philadelphia on May 18<sup>th</sup> to be displayed at the Centennial Exposition. Then in 1877 the Statue\'s hand and torch was moved and displayed at Madison Square in New York City where it remained until 1882 (\"The Statue\"; National Park Service).\r\n\r\nFebruary 22, 1876 the U.S. Congress accepted the Statue of Liberty as a gift from the people of France. One week later on March 3<sup>rd</sup> 1876 President Ulysses S. Grant signed a bill designating Bedloe\'s Island as the Statue\'s site. The United States began fundraising for the construction of the pedestal through the American Committee for the Statue of Liberty which raised $125,000 between 1877 and 1884 (\"The Statue\"; National Park Service).\r\n\r\nWhen the arm and torch returned to Paris, Bartholdi was struck with a dilemma. Bartholdi was unsure on how a structure so big would be put together and transported across an ocean and kept stable on its pedestal. That is when Bartholdi enlisted in the help of Alexander Gustave Eiffel. Eiffel was well recognized for his bold bridges in France and later would go on to create the most famous tower in the world (\"Eiffel Tower\"). Over the course of a year, Eiffel devised framework that would be sturdy but elastic and not only carry the 80-ton copper skin, but also be protected from all the elements such as heat and cold. Eiffel began to build his master piece in the courtyard of Gaget and Gauthier. The base was a sturdy pylon assembled of crossed-braced iron post that stands 96 feet high. This supported the framework of light beams and the most resourceful of all, was the hundreds of short, thin iron bars fitted to the framework. This in turn would attach directly to the inside of the copper skin. They would act like spring and allow the statue to sway, swing, contract, and breath (\"Eiffel Tower\").\r\n\r\nYears later Alexander Gustave Eiffel put his thumb print in history architect when he designed the Eiffel Tower. The Eiffel Tower was built for the 1889 Exposition Universelle to celebrate the 100th year anniversary of the French Revolution. The tower stands at 1,063 ft tall surpassing the Statue of Liberty by an easy 758 ft. On March 30, 1885 Eiffel presented his project to the Société des Ingiénieurs Civils. The discussions was of technical problems and emphasizing the practical uses of the tower, Eiffel concluded the discussion by stating that the tower would symbolize \"not only the art of the modern engineer, but also the century of Industry and Science in which we are living, and for which the way was prepared by the great scientific movement of the eighteenth century and by the Revolution of 1789, to which this monument will be built as an expression of France\'s gratitude\" (PBS Timeline; \"The Statue\").   The tower was attracting criticism from those who did not believe that it was reasonable and also from those who objected on artistic grounds. Their objections were an expression of a longstanding debate about the relationship between architecture and engineering. At the time the tower was built, many people were stunned by its bold shape. Eiffel was criticized for the design and accused of trying to create something artistic, without regard to engineering. Eiffel and his engineers, however, as experienced bridge builders, understood the importance of wind forces and knew that if they were going to build the tallest structure in the world they had to be certain it would withstand the wind (\"The Statue\").\r\n\r\nOn July 4, 1884 Liberty was formally handed over to the Minister of the United States Levi P. Morton. Workers dismantled the statue and load it into 210 crates, 36 of them were just for nuts, bolts, and rivets and the statue was placed on a warship named Lsere to set sail on May 21, 1885. Half way through the trip a storm hit and for 72 hours Lsere struggled to stay up right from all the heavy cargo aboard. When Lsere reached New York it was greeted by nearly 100 ships. However; no one knew if the statue would ever be reassembled. The United States was unable to fund the work on the pedestal and work had to stop. After a year of fundraising and working on the pedestal, workman began prying open the crates in the spring of 1886, which had been sitting on Bedloe’s Island for a year. In just three months the Statue of Liberty stood tall again at an astonishing 305 feet and 1 inch from the ground up. Finally 21 years after the dinner at Laboulaye, just 15 years before Bartholdi first sailed to New York, 10 years after American centennial celebration for which the statue was originally intended for, just a mere 3 days before the official unavailing. Bartholdi inspected his finished work and said “I believe that it will last until eternity” (\"The Statue\").\r\n\r\nIn 1982, the statue was in substantial need of restoration. The right arm had been improperly attached to the main structure. When strong winds blew it would sway and there was cause for significant risk of structural failure. The head had been installed two feet off center, along with the right arm wearing a hole, this could be seen when the statue moved in the wind. The structure was so corroded that about two percent of the exterior plates needed to be replaced. Although problems with the framework had been recognized in 1936 when they replaced some of the cast iron bars, much of the corrosion had been hidden by the multiple layers of paint applied over the years. The torch was leaking water since the 1916 alterations were the torch was replaced with an exact replica of Bartholdi\'s unaltered torch. In 1984 the statue was closed to the public for the duration of the renovation. The entire skeleton designed by Alexander Gustave Eiffel was replaced with low-carbon corrosion-resistant stainless steel bars, which now hold the staples next to the skin that which are made of Ferralium. This is an alloy that bends slightly and returns to its original shape as the statue moves. The statue reopened on July 3-6, 1986 which was designated “Liberty Weekend” and marked the centennial. When President Reagan presided over the rededication, with French President Francois Mitterrand in attendance, Regan said in his speech “We are the keepers of the flame of liberty; we hold it high for the world to see\" (National Park Service).\r\n\r\nThe Statue of Liberty isn’t a warrior, she isn’t overbearing, domineering or threatening, and she isn’t a symbol of power. The Statue of Liberty is a symbol of freedom. As we are all the beneficiary of those who have come before us, who have worked, fought, cared vastly to the very depth of their soul and paid the ultimate sacrifice to achieve liberty.\r\n<p align=\"center\">“Give me your tired, your poor,</p>\r\n<p align=\"center\">Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,</p>\r\n<p align=\"center\">The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.</p>\r\n<p align=\"center\">Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed, to me:\r\nI lift my lamp beside the golden door.“</p>\r\n<p align=\"center\">Quote on the Statue of Liberty.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCited\r\n\r\n\"The Statue of Liberty? A Film by Ken Burns.\" Films On Demand. Films Media Group, 1985. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. &lt;http://digital.films.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=17517&amp;xtid=44164&gt;.\r\n\r\nPBS Timeline. <a href=\"http://www.pbs.org/kenburns/statueofliberty/timeline/\">http://www.pbs.org/kenburns/statueofliberty/timeline/</a>\r\n\r\nNational Park Service. <a href=\"http://www.nps.gov/stli/historyculture/liberty-island-a-chronology.htm\">http://www.nps.gov/stli/historyculture/liberty-island-a-chronology.htm</a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.zyra.org.uk/liberty1.htm\">http://www.zyra.org.uk/liberty1.htm</a>\r\n\r\n\"Eiffel Tower\" <a href=\"http://www.tour-eiffel.fr/en/everything-about-the-tower/the-major-events.html\">http://www.tour-eiffel.fr/en/everything-about-the-tower/the-major-events.html</a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war\">http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war</a>','The Statue of Liberty','','publish','open','open','','the-statue-of-liberty','','','2013-12-02 11:12:05','2013-12-02 17:12:05','',0,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3533',0,'post','',8),(3534,80,'2013-11-03 17:48:02','2013-11-03 23:48:02','&nbsp;\r\n<p align=\"center\">“Listen. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” Thomas Jefferson.</p>\r\nLiberty, what is Liberty? It is not a statue. Although that is what we picture when we say liberty. By definition, liberty is the state or condition of people who are able to act and speak freely. It is not a statue. The Statue is only a symbol. The statue is only copper, granite, steel, and iron. The statue speaks to us; what it makes us feel inside is what makes it so significant. Liberty is what we as Americans always wanted. It was what the country was founded on and what the Revolution was fought for. Therefore the Statue of Liberty should be preserved for individual reasons and beliefs, as well as the creative and artistic intellect of Frederic Augusta Bartholdi along with the architectural brilliance of Alexander Gustave Eiffel.\r\n\r\nIn 1861 the northern and southern United States had tensions over issues of state rights versus federal authority, westward expansion and how slavery blew up in the American Civil War (1861-1865). When Republican Abraham Lincoln was elected in 1860, he was known as the anti-slavery president that caused seven southern states to break away from the Union to form the Confederate States of America. Later four more joined them after the first shots of the Civil War were fired. Four years of vicious conflict of historic battles such as Bull Run (Manassas), Gettysburg and Vicksburg to just to name a few, the Civil War position neighbor against neighbor. The Confederate States surrender in 1865 with the Civil War being established as the most tragic war ever fought on American soil.  620,000 of 2.4 million soldiers were killed, millions more injured, and the population and territory of the South was devastated. Around the same time cross the ocean a French political intellectual and authority on the U.S. Constitution by the name Eduardo Laboulaye held a dinner party and proposed an idea to give a monument representing liberty to the U.S. independence by the centennial year. (1876) A sculptor by the name of Frederic Augusta Bartholdi was at the party and was very intrigued by the proposal of Laboulaye, he enthusiastically supports his proposed statue and becomes the sculptor. In 1867 Bartholdi proposed a huge statue of an Egyptian robed women holding a torch for the opening of the Suez Canal with a meaning of “Egypt bringing the light to Asia” Bartholdi said. However; Egypt denied his offer, nevertheless Bartholdi stayed undiscouraged and kept his drawings. In 1871 Laboulaye urged Bartholdi to take a trip to the United States to promote the statue. As he sails through the New York harbor he saw Bedloe’s Island and said to himself this is where I should erect my statue. This is what people should see when they view the new world. In 1872 Bartholdi returns to France to report interest in the statue and declares the ideal spot for Liberty.\r\n\r\nThe Statue of Liberty creators strongly felt that the project should be a joint effort, as the French would agree to fund the statue if the American’s fund the pedestal. The Franco-American Union committee approves Bartholdi’s plaster model of “Liberty enlightening the world “in 1875 and fundraised 600,000 Francs that Bartholdi claimed he would need.  Laboulaye presented a formal request to the President Ulysses S. Grant. The statue’s life began in Paris, France and the Statue\'s hand holding the torch was completed in 1876 and sent to Philadelphia on May 18<sup>th</sup> to be displayed at the Centennial Exposition. Then in 1877 the Statue\'s hand and torch was moved and displayed at Madison Square in New York City where it remained until 1882.\r\n\r\nFebruary 22, 1876 the U.S. Congress accepted the Statue of Liberty as a gift from the people of France. One week later on March 3<sup>rd</sup> 1876 President Ulysses S. Grant signed a bill designating Bedloe\'s Island as the Statue\'s site. The United States began fundraising for the construction of the pedestal through the American Committee for the Statue of Liberty which raised $125,000 between 1877 and 1884.\r\n\r\nWhen the arm and torch returned to Paris, Bartholdi was struck with a dilemma. Bartholdi was unsure on how a structure so big would be put together and transported across an ocean and kept stable on its pedestal. That is when Bartholdi enlisted in the help of Alexander Gustave Eiffel. Eiffel was well recognized for his bold bridges in France and later would go on to create the most famous tower in the world. (Eiffel Tower) Over the course of a year, Eiffel devised framework that would be sturdy but elastic and not only carry the 80-ton copper skin, but also be protected from all the elements such as heat and cold. Eiffel began to build his master piece in the courtyard of Gaget and Gauthier. The base was a sturdy pylon assembled of crossed-braced iron post that stands 96 feet high. This supported the framework of light beams and the most resourceful of all, was the hundreds of short, thin iron bars fitted to the framework. This in turn would attach directly to the inside of the copper skin. They would act like spring and allow the statue to sway, swing, contract, and breath.\r\n\r\nYears later Alexander Gustave Eiffel put his thumb print in history architect when he designed the Eiffel Tower. The Eiffel Tower was built for the 1889 Exposition Universelle to celebrate the 100th year anniversary of the French Revolution. The tower stands at 1,063 ft tall surpassing the Statue of Liberty by an easy 758 ft. On March 30, 1885 Eiffel presented his project to the Société des Ingiénieurs Civils. The discussions was of technical problems and emphasizing the practical uses of the tower, Eiffel concluded the discussion by stating that the tower would symbolize \"not only the art of the modern engineer, but also the century of Industry and Science in which we are living, and for which the way was prepared by the great scientific movement of the eighteenth century and by the Revolution of 1789, to which this monument will be built as an expression of France\'s gratitude.\"  The tower was attracting criticism from those who did not believe that it was reasonable and also from those who objected on artistic grounds. Their objections were an expression of a longstanding debate about the relationship between architecture and engineering. At the time the tower was built, many people were stunned by its bold shape. Eiffel was criticized for the design and accused of trying to create something artistic, without regard to engineering. Eiffel and his engineers, however, as experienced bridge builders, understood the importance of wind forces and knew that if they were going to build the tallest structure in the world they had to be certain it would withstand the wind.\r\n\r\nOn July 4, 1884 Liberty was formally handed over to the Minister of the United States Levi P. Morton. Workers dismantled the statue and load it into 210 crates, 36 of them were just for nuts, bolts, and rivets and the statue was placed on a warship named Lsere to set sail on May 21, 1885. Half way through the trip a storm hit and for 72 hours Lsere struggled to stay up right from all the heavy cargo aboard. When Lsere reached New York it was greeted by nearly 100 ships. However; no one knew if the statue would ever be reassembled. The United States was unable to fund the work on the pedestal and work had to stop. After a year of fundraising and working on the pedestal, workman began prying open the crates in the spring of 1886, which had been sitting on Bedloe’s Island for a year. In just three months the Statue of Liberty stood tall again at an astonishing 305 feet and 1 inch from the ground up. Finally 21 years after the dinner at Laboulaye, just 15 years before Bartholdi first sailed to New York, 10 years after American centennial celebration for which the statue was originally intended for, just a mere 3 days before the official unavailing. Bartholdi inspected his finished work and said “I believe that it will last until eternity”.\r\n\r\nIn 1982, the statue was in substantial need of restoration. The right arm had been improperly attached to the main structure. When strong winds blew it would sway and there was cause for significant risk of structural failure. The head had been installed two feet off center, along with the right arm wearing a hole, this could be seen when the statue moved in the wind. The structure was so corroded that about two percent of the exterior plates needed to be replaced. Although problems with the framework had been recognized in 1936 when they replaced some of the cast iron bars, much of the corrosion had been hidden by the multiple layers of paint applied over the years. The torch was leaking water since the 1916 alterations were the torch was replaced with an exact replica of Bartholdi\'s unaltered torch. In 1984 the statue was closed to the public for the duration of the renovation. The entire skeleton designed by Alexander Gustave Eiffel was replaced with low-carbon corrosion-resistant stainless steel bars, which now hold the staples next to the skin that which are made of Ferralium. This is an alloy that bends slightly and returns to its original shape as the statue moves. The statue reopened on July 3-6, 1986 which was designated “Liberty Weekend” and marked the centennial. When President Reagan presided over the rededication, with French President Francois Mitterrand in attendance, Regan said in his speech “We are the keepers of the flame of liberty; we hold it high for the world to see.\".\r\n\r\nThe Statue of Liberty isn’t a warrior, she isn’t overbearing, domineering or threatening, and she isn’t a symbol of power. The Statue of Liberty is a symbol of freedom. As we are all the beneficiary of those who have come before us, who have worked, fought, cared vastly to the very depth of their soul and paid the ultimate sacrifice to achieve liberty.\r\n<p align=\"center\">“Give me your tired, your poor,</p>\r\n<p align=\"center\">Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,</p>\r\n<p align=\"center\">The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.</p>\r\n<p align=\"center\">Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed, to me:\r\nI lift my lamp beside the golden door.“</p>\r\n<p align=\"center\">Quote on the Statue of Liberty.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nCited\r\n\r\n\"The Statue of Liberty? A Film by Ken Burns.\" Films On Demand. Films Media Group, 1985. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. &lt;http://digital.films.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=17517&amp;xtid=44164&gt;.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.pbs.org/kenburns/statueofliberty/timeline/\">http://www.pbs.org/kenburns/statueofliberty/timeline/</a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.nps.gov/stli/historyculture/liberty-island-a-chronology.htm\">http://www.nps.gov/stli/historyculture/liberty-island-a-chronology.htm</a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.zyra.org.uk/liberty1.htm\">http://www.zyra.org.uk/liberty1.htm</a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.tour-eiffel.fr/en/everything-about-the-tower/the-major-events.html\">http://www.tour-eiffel.fr/en/everything-about-the-tower/the-major-events.html</a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war\">http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war</a>','The Statue of Liberty','','inherit','open','open','','3533-revision-v1','','','2013-11-03 17:48:02','2013-11-03 23:48:02','',3533,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3534',0,'revision','',0),(3535,74,'2013-11-04 18:42:53','2013-11-05 00:42:53','[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"460\"]<img alt=\"\" src=\"http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01373/swan-lake_1373804c.jpg\" width=\"460\" height=\"288\" /> Swans in formation, http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01373/swan-lake_1373804c.jpg[/caption]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<em>Swan Lake</em> is a ballet originally composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in 1877. It\'s legacy continues in modern performances and reinterpretations of the piece and it should be preserved because of both it\'s persistence and the way it transcended the nationalist dogma of the time.<!--more-->\r\n\r\nThe story features Prince Siegfried as a passionate man forced by the Queen to find a bride. He encounters Odette while out hunting, who has been cursed to turn into a swan during the day by the sorcerer Von Rothbart. Odette and Siegfried fall in love, and it\'s explained that this will break the curse. Later at a palace ball, Von Rothbart appears with his daughter Odile. Siegfried is deceived and believes Odile to be Odette so he pledges his love to Odile. He realizes his error and finds Odette. The two commit suicide, breaking the curse for the other swans and killing Von Rothbart.\r\n\r\nWhen <em>Swan Lake</em> was released Russia was in a period of social change brought about the Industrial Revolution. Trailing behind the other European powers in this adoption, it held onto the hierarchy of the Aristocratic system. France served as an inspiration for arts and there was a growing desire for a Russian voice in the arts. Nationalism was ubiquitous across Europe and foreshadowed World War 1 in 1914. Tchaikovsky attended two newly formed schools meant to foster this creativity, The Russian Music Society and the St. Petersburg Conservatoire. He was also influenced by a group of operatic and orchestral composers known as the five: Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov, Modeste Petrovich Moussorgsky, Milli Alexievich Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, and Cesar Antonovitch Cui. \"These  men were undoubtedly gifted musicians and they had done much to establish music in Russian life but they were in Tchaikovsky\'s eyes, talented amateurs with other professions which the world took more seriously\" (Hossick). Also of importance was the fact that Tchaikovsky was a closeted homosexual in a religious country that was openly hostile to homosexuality. His marriage to a former student, Antonina Miliukova, was incredibly taxing on him but was seen to be a part of his responsibility as a man.\r\n\r\nSwan Lake is typical of other ballets such as <em>La Sylphide</em> and <em>Giselle</em> because it draws from fairy tales for narrative. All sound comes from music which is meant to convey the mood of the scene, and choreography utilized the <em>arabesque </em>style of dancing popularized by French ballet.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"437\"]<img class=\"   \" alt=\"\" src=\"http://balletnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/SwanLake024.jpg\" width=\"437\" height=\"312\" /> Arabesque pose from Swan Lake, http://balletnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/SwanLake024.jpg[/caption]\r\n\r\nOdette and Odile perpetuate Romantic stereotypes of women. \"Romantic writers inherited the dual view of womankind that had prevailed since the Middle Ages: like Eve, woman was the <i>femme fatale</i>, the seducer and destroyer of mankind; like Mary, however, woman was the source of salvation and the symbol of all that was pure and true\" (Fiero). Tchaikovsky was strongly influenced by the work of Beethoven and Wagner, using nuance during the repetition of themes to create different moods. In the theme of the opera a solo oboe plays a set of notes and concludes with a low note. This sequence is then played back with the entire orchestra to emphasize the build-up of emotion. In the introduction this is done with strings and has a slow somber mood.\r\n\r\n[youtube]<a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-yvvTy7aBc\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-yvvTy7aBc</a>[/youtube]\r\n\r\nLater when Siegfried meets Odette this theme is repeated but replaced with a concluding high note, and the orchestra features a horn accompaniment that makes the piece feels more passionate and spontaneous.\r\n\r\n[youtube]<a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzpqM4THqZ8\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzpqM4THqZ8</a>[/youtube]\r\n\r\nThis musical complexity is what sets it apart from other ballets of the time. Also important are the cultural boundaries it crossed. <em>Swan Lake</em>\'s characters have Germanic rather than Slavic names. In Scene 3 different nationalities are represented through dance in the Palace Courtyard with their appropriate music. These differences led to poor reviews during the initial run of the ballet in the Bolshoi Theater. Because of this poor reception the original work was modified by choreographers Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov and composer Ludwig Minkus. In 1895 this new <em>Swan Lake</em> was performed at a commemoration ballet for Tchaikovsky, and most productions now use the 1895 <em>Swan Lake</em> as their template. This flexibility also makes<em> Swan Lake</em> unique, because preparing it is an interpretive job. This has allowed choreographers such as Matthew Bourne to experiment: \"I didn\'t want that three-way relationship - Prince, Swan, Rothbart - in the Swan scenes. I just wanted the simplicity of the Prince and the swans without something else controlling it. After all, it\'s in his mind. So it didn\'t seem appropriate to have anyone else involved\" (Bourne qtd. in Carter). In Bourne\'s interpretation the swans are also played by men creating a subtext not present before. The 2010 movie <em>Black Swan</em> highlights <em>Swan Lake</em>\'s elevated status in ballet and modern culture. It also offers an interpretation of <em>Swan Lake</em> through the perspective of Odette, showing her<em> </em>transformation and inner struggle between dual personalities.\r\n\r\n[youtube]<a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CsvtIzebNcw\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CsvtIzebNcw</a>[/youtube]\r\n\r\nWhen comparing <em>Swan Lake </em>to <em>La Sylphide </em> the differences in musical composition are very glaring. <em>La Sylphide </em>will have a continual mood for a piece of music, it doesn\'t feature the same dramatic shifts in tone present in <em>Swan Lake\'s </em>score. The music is also performed by a smaller orchestra, mostly stringed instruments. The oboe in <em>Swan Lake </em>and the cello in <em>La Sylphide </em>have prominent solo roles. The dance choreography of <em>Swan Lake </em>however is much more complex, using larger numbers of dancers on stage and having them weave in and out of each other in a synchronized fashion. Both stories come from fairy tale inspiration and are about young men falling in love with mythical woman figures and then tricked by an evil mystic. They are also appropriated from different countries. <em>La Sylphide </em>is set in Scotland but was first performed in France. One of the differences in plot is that the deaths of the two lovers in <em>La Sylphide </em>is tragic. The witch Old Madge convinces the protagonist James Ruben to kill his love by touching her, and James dies losing both the sylph and his bride-to-be to his best friend. In <em>Swan Lake</em> the mutual suicide of Siegfried and Odette defeats Von Rothbart and frees the other swans from their curse.\r\n\r\nI was very moved by the score of <em>Swan Lake</em>, especially by the main theme which does a fantastic job of starting simply and building up to an emotional crescendo. One of the things I have a hard time with in ballet is the fact that the performers are completely silent and express through dance, which I am not used to appreciating. However I feel like the music does such a good job of building moods and complexity that I had an easier time following the story. In closing I think that the beauty of the music makes the ballet worth preserving.\r\n\r\nBibliography:\r\n<p lang=\"en\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span><i>Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky [Electronic Resource (Video)] : A Concise Biography / Hossick, Malcolm</i>. n.p.: New York, N.Y. : Films Media Group, [2011], c2006., 2006. <i>ACC Library Catalog</i>. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.</span></span></p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\">This source gave information on the creator as well as background information.</p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span><i>Swan Lake [Electronic Resource (Video)] : From The Royal Opera House / Electric Sky (Firm)</i>. n.p.: New York, N.Y. : Films Media Group, [2010], c2009., 2009. <i>ACC Library Catalog</i>. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.</span></span></p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\">This source helped form a personal reaction to the work.</p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span>Drummond, Kent G. \"The Queering Of Swan Lake: A New Male Gaze For The Performance Of Sexual Desire.\" <i>Journal Of Homosexuality</i> 45.2-4 (2003): 235-255. <i>Academic Search Complete</i>. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.</span></span></p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\">This source showed a comparison of the 1895 performance with the 1995 Matthew Bourne performance.</p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span>Cohen, Selma J. <i>Next Week, Swan Lake: Reflections on Dance and Dances</i>. Middletown: Wesleyan University Press, 2011. Print.</span></span></p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\">This source gave historical background on the production and what makes it unique.</p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span>Carter, Alexandra. <i>Rethinking Dance History: A Reader</i>. London: Routledge, 2004. Print.</span></span></p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\">This source had an interview with Matthew Bourne that created a context for the modern reception of the work</p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span>Plumley, Gavin. “Swan Lake: A beginner\'s guide – The Music (Royal Ballet).” Online video clip. <i>YouTube</i>. YouTube, 27 Feb 2013. 3 Nov 2013.</span></span></p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\">This source helped with understanding musical themes present in the work.</p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\">\"La Sylphide HD (Pas d\'Ombre).\" Online video clip. <em>YouTube.</em> Youtube, 20 Dec 2011. 4 Nov 2013.</p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\">This source helped when comparing Swan Lake to a similar work.</p>','Swan Lake - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky','','publish','open','open','','swan-lake-pyotr-ilyich-tchaikovsky','','','2013-11-04 22:16:47','2013-11-05 04:16:47','',0,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3535',0,'post','',15),(3536,74,'2013-11-03 20:00:29','2013-11-04 02:00:29','Swan Lake is a ballet originally composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in 1877. It\'s legacy continues in modern performances and reinterpretations of the piece and it should be preserved because of both it\'s persistence and impact in creating a Russian identity for ballet and music.\r\n\r\nThe story features Prince Siegfried as a passionate man forced by the Queen to find a bride. He encounters Odette while out hunting, who has been cursed to turn into a swan during the day by the sorcerer Von Rothbart. Odette and Siegfried fall in love, and it\'s explained that this will break the curse. Later at a palace ball, Von Rothbart appears with his daughter Odile. Siegfried is deceived and believes Odile to be Odette so he pledges his love to Odile. He realizes his error and finds Odette. The two commit suicide, breaking the curse for the other swans and killing Von Rothbart.\r\n\r\nWhen Swan Lake was released Russia was in a period of social change brought about the Industrial Revolution. Trailing behind the other European powers in this adoption, it held onto the hierarchy of the Aristocratic system. France served as an inspiration for arts and there was a growing desire for a Russian voice in the arts. Tchaikovsky attended two newly formed schools meant to foster this creativity, The Russian Music Society and the St. Petersburg Conservatoire. He was also influenced by a group of operatic and orchestral composers known as the five: Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov, Modeste Petrovich Moussorgsky, Milli Alexievich Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, and Cesar Antonovitch Cui. \"These  men were undoubtedly gifted musicians and they had done much to establish music in Russian life but they were in Tchaikovsky\'s eyes, talented amateurs with other professions which the world took more seriously\" (Hossick).\r\n\r\nSwan Lake is typical of other ballets such as <em>La sylphide</em> and <em>Giselle</em> because it draws from fairy tales for narrative. All sound comes from music which is meant to convey the mood of the scene, and choreography utilized the <em>arabesque </em>style of dancing popularized by French ballet.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"560\"]<img class=\" \" alt=\"\" src=\"http://balletnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/SwanLake024.jpg\" width=\"560\" height=\"400\" /> Arabesque pose from Swan Lake, http://balletnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/SwanLake024.jpg[/caption]\r\n\r\nOdette and Odile perpetuate Romantic stereotypes of women. \"Romantic writers inherited the dual view of womankind that had prevailed since the Middle Ages: like Eve, woman was the <i>femme fatale</i>, the seducer and destroyer of mankind; like Mary, however, woman was the source of salvation and the symbol of all that was pure and true\" (Fiero). Tchaikovsky was strongly influenced by the work of Beethoven and Wagner, using\r\n\r\n[youtube]<a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sPaaYuLt9hY\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sPaaYuLt9hY</a>[/youtube]','Swan Lake - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky','','inherit','open','open','','3535-revision-v1','','','2013-11-03 20:00:29','2013-11-04 02:00:29','',3535,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3536',0,'revision','',0),(3537,74,'2013-11-03 20:00:52','2013-11-04 02:00:52','Swan Lake is a ballet originally composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in 1877. It\'s legacy continues in modern performances and reinterpretations of the piece and it should be preserved because of both it\'s persistence and impact in creating a Russian identity for ballet and music.\r\n\r\nThe story features Prince Siegfried as a passionate man forced by the Queen to find a bride. He encounters Odette while out hunting, who has been cursed to turn into a swan during the day by the sorcerer Von Rothbart. Odette and Siegfried fall in love, and it\'s explained that this will break the curse. Later at a palace ball, Von Rothbart appears with his daughter Odile. Siegfried is deceived and believes Odile to be Odette so he pledges his love to Odile. He realizes his error and finds Odette. The two commit suicide, breaking the curse for the other swans and killing Von Rothbart.\r\n\r\nWhen Swan Lake was released Russia was in a period of social change brought about the Industrial Revolution. Trailing behind the other European powers in this adoption, it held onto the hierarchy of the Aristocratic system. France served as an inspiration for arts and there was a growing desire for a Russian voice in the arts. Tchaikovsky attended two newly formed schools meant to foster this creativity, The Russian Music Society and the St. Petersburg Conservatoire. He was also influenced by a group of operatic and orchestral composers known as the five: Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov, Modeste Petrovich Moussorgsky, Milli Alexievich Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, and Cesar Antonovitch Cui. \"These  men were undoubtedly gifted musicians and they had done much to establish music in Russian life but they were in Tchaikovsky\'s eyes, talented amateurs with other professions which the world took more seriously\" (Hossick).\r\n\r\nSwan Lake is typical of other ballets such as <em>La sylphide</em> and <em>Giselle</em> because it draws from fairy tales for narrative. All sound comes from music which is meant to convey the mood of the scene, and choreography utilized the <em>arabesque </em>style of dancing popularized by French ballet.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"336\"]<img class=\"  \" alt=\"\" src=\"http://balletnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/SwanLake024.jpg\" width=\"336\" height=\"240\" /> Arabesque pose from Swan Lake, http://balletnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/SwanLake024.jpg[/caption]\r\n\r\nOdette and Odile perpetuate Romantic stereotypes of women. \"Romantic writers inherited the dual view of womankind that had prevailed since the Middle Ages: like Eve, woman was the <i>femme fatale</i>, the seducer and destroyer of mankind; like Mary, however, woman was the source of salvation and the symbol of all that was pure and true\" (Fiero). Tchaikovsky was strongly influenced by the work of Beethoven and Wagner, using\r\n\r\n[youtube]<a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sPaaYuLt9hY\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sPaaYuLt9hY</a>[/youtube]','Swan Lake - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky','','inherit','open','open','','3535-revision-v1','','','2013-11-03 20:00:52','2013-11-04 02:00:52','',3535,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3537',0,'revision','',0),(3538,74,'2013-11-03 20:08:46','2013-11-04 02:08:46','Swan Lake is a ballet originally composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in 1877. It\'s legacy continues in modern performances and reinterpretations of the piece and it should be preserved because of both it\'s persistence and impact in creating a Russian identity for ballet and music.\r\n\r\nThe story features Prince Siegfried as a passionate man forced by the Queen to find a bride. He encounters Odette while out hunting, who has been cursed to turn into a swan during the day by the sorcerer Von Rothbart. Odette and Siegfried fall in love, and it\'s explained that this will break the curse. Later at a palace ball, Von Rothbart appears with his daughter Odile. Siegfried is deceived and believes Odile to be Odette so he pledges his love to Odile. He realizes his error and finds Odette. The two commit suicide, breaking the curse for the other swans and killing Von Rothbart.\r\n\r\nWhen Swan Lake was released Russia was in a period of social change brought about the Industrial Revolution. Trailing behind the other European powers in this adoption, it held onto the hierarchy of the Aristocratic system. France served as an inspiration for arts and there was a growing desire for a Russian voice in the arts. Tchaikovsky attended two newly formed schools meant to foster this creativity, The Russian Music Society and the St. Petersburg Conservatoire. He was also influenced by a group of operatic and orchestral composers known as the five: Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov, Modeste Petrovich Moussorgsky, Milli Alexievich Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, and Cesar Antonovitch Cui. \"These  men were undoubtedly gifted musicians and they had done much to establish music in Russian life but they were in Tchaikovsky\'s eyes, talented amateurs with other professions which the world took more seriously\" (Hossick).\r\n\r\nSwan Lake is typical of other ballets such as <em>La sylphide</em> and <em>Giselle</em> because it draws from fairy tales for narrative. All sound comes from music which is meant to convey the mood of the scene, and choreography utilized the <em>arabesque </em>style of dancing popularized by French ballet.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"437\"]<img class=\"   \" alt=\"\" src=\"http://balletnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/SwanLake024.jpg\" width=\"437\" height=\"312\" /> Arabesque pose from Swan Lake, http://balletnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/SwanLake024.jpg[/caption]\r\n\r\nOdette and Odile perpetuate Romantic stereotypes of women. \"Romantic writers inherited the dual view of womankind that had prevailed since the Middle Ages: like Eve, woman was the <i>femme fatale</i>, the seducer and destroyer of mankind; like Mary, however, woman was the source of salvation and the symbol of all that was pure and true\" (Fiero). Tchaikovsky was strongly influenced by the work of Beethoven and Wagner, using nuance during the repetition of themes to create different moods. The opening notes of an oboe are played to establish the solidarity of Siegfried\'s character and then played back with the entire orchestra to show hi\r\n\r\n[youtube]http://youtu.be/uUaYZJeC2t4?t=1m6s[/youtube]','Swan Lake - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky','','inherit','open','open','','3535-revision-v1','','','2013-11-03 20:08:46','2013-11-04 02:08:46','',3535,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3538',0,'revision','',0),(3539,74,'2013-11-03 20:09:51','2013-11-04 02:09:51','Swan Lake is a ballet originally composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in 1877. It\'s legacy continues in modern performances and reinterpretations of the piece and it should be preserved because of both it\'s persistence and impact in creating a Russian identity for ballet and music.\r\n\r\nThe story features Prince Siegfried as a passionate man forced by the Queen to find a bride. He encounters Odette while out hunting, who has been cursed to turn into a swan during the day by the sorcerer Von Rothbart. Odette and Siegfried fall in love, and it\'s explained that this will break the curse. Later at a palace ball, Von Rothbart appears with his daughter Odile. Siegfried is deceived and believes Odile to be Odette so he pledges his love to Odile. He realizes his error and finds Odette. The two commit suicide, breaking the curse for the other swans and killing Von Rothbart.\r\n\r\nWhen Swan Lake was released Russia was in a period of social change brought about the Industrial Revolution. Trailing behind the other European powers in this adoption, it held onto the hierarchy of the Aristocratic system. France served as an inspiration for arts and there was a growing desire for a Russian voice in the arts. Tchaikovsky attended two newly formed schools meant to foster this creativity, The Russian Music Society and the St. Petersburg Conservatoire. He was also influenced by a group of operatic and orchestral composers known as the five: Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov, Modeste Petrovich Moussorgsky, Milli Alexievich Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, and Cesar Antonovitch Cui. \"These  men were undoubtedly gifted musicians and they had done much to establish music in Russian life but they were in Tchaikovsky\'s eyes, talented amateurs with other professions which the world took more seriously\" (Hossick).\r\n\r\nSwan Lake is typical of other ballets such as <em>La sylphide</em> and <em>Giselle</em> because it draws from fairy tales for narrative. All sound comes from music which is meant to convey the mood of the scene, and choreography utilized the <em>arabesque </em>style of dancing popularized by French ballet.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"437\"]<img class=\"   \" alt=\"\" src=\"http://balletnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/SwanLake024.jpg\" width=\"437\" height=\"312\" /> Arabesque pose from Swan Lake, http://balletnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/SwanLake024.jpg[/caption]\r\n\r\nOdette and Odile perpetuate Romantic stereotypes of women. \"Romantic writers inherited the dual view of womankind that had prevailed since the Middle Ages: like Eve, woman was the <i>femme fatale</i>, the seducer and destroyer of mankind; like Mary, however, woman was the source of salvation and the symbol of all that was pure and true\" (Fiero). Tchaikovsky was strongly influenced by the work of Beethoven and Wagner, using nuance during the repetition of themes to create different moods. The opening notes of an oboe are played to establish the solidarity of Siegfried\'s character and then played back with the entire orchestra to show hi\r\n\r\n[youtube]http://youtu.be/uUaYZJeC2t4?[/youtube]','Swan Lake - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky','','inherit','open','open','','3535-revision-v1','','','2013-11-03 20:09:51','2013-11-04 02:09:51','',3535,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3539',0,'revision','',0),(3540,74,'2013-11-03 20:12:30','2013-11-04 02:12:30','Swan Lake is a ballet originally composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in 1877. It\'s legacy continues in modern performances and reinterpretations of the piece and it should be preserved because of both it\'s persistence and impact in creating a Russian identity for ballet and music.\r\n\r\nThe story features Prince Siegfried as a passionate man forced by the Queen to find a bride. He encounters Odette while out hunting, who has been cursed to turn into a swan during the day by the sorcerer Von Rothbart. Odette and Siegfried fall in love, and it\'s explained that this will break the curse. Later at a palace ball, Von Rothbart appears with his daughter Odile. Siegfried is deceived and believes Odile to be Odette so he pledges his love to Odile. He realizes his error and finds Odette. The two commit suicide, breaking the curse for the other swans and killing Von Rothbart.\r\n\r\nWhen Swan Lake was released Russia was in a period of social change brought about the Industrial Revolution. Trailing behind the other European powers in this adoption, it held onto the hierarchy of the Aristocratic system. France served as an inspiration for arts and there was a growing desire for a Russian voice in the arts. Tchaikovsky attended two newly formed schools meant to foster this creativity, The Russian Music Society and the St. Petersburg Conservatoire. He was also influenced by a group of operatic and orchestral composers known as the five: Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov, Modeste Petrovich Moussorgsky, Milli Alexievich Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, and Cesar Antonovitch Cui. \"These  men were undoubtedly gifted musicians and they had done much to establish music in Russian life but they were in Tchaikovsky\'s eyes, talented amateurs with other professions which the world took more seriously\" (Hossick).\r\n\r\nSwan Lake is typical of other ballets such as <em>La sylphide</em> and <em>Giselle</em> because it draws from fairy tales for narrative. All sound comes from music which is meant to convey the mood of the scene, and choreography utilized the <em>arabesque </em>style of dancing popularized by French ballet.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"437\"]<img class=\"   \" alt=\"\" src=\"http://balletnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/SwanLake024.jpg\" width=\"437\" height=\"312\" /> Arabesque pose from Swan Lake, http://balletnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/SwanLake024.jpg[/caption]\r\n\r\nOdette and Odile perpetuate Romantic stereotypes of women. \"Romantic writers inherited the dual view of womankind that had prevailed since the Middle Ages: like Eve, woman was the <i>femme fatale</i>, the seducer and destroyer of mankind; like Mary, however, woman was the source of salvation and the symbol of all that was pure and true\" (Fiero). Tchaikovsky was strongly influenced by the work of Beethoven and Wagner, using nuance during the repetition of themes to create different moods. The opening notes of an oboe are played to establish the theme of the opera and then played back with the entire orchestra to show\r\n\r\n[youtube]<a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzpqM4THqZ8\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzpqM4THqZ8</a>[/youtube]','Swan Lake - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky','','inherit','open','open','','3535-revision-v1','','','2013-11-03 20:12:30','2013-11-04 02:12:30','',3535,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3540',0,'revision','',0),(3541,74,'2013-11-03 20:24:13','2013-11-04 02:24:13','Swan Lake is a ballet originally composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in 1877. It\'s legacy continues in modern performances and reinterpretations of the piece and it should be preserved because of both it\'s persistence and impact in creating a Russian identity for ballet and music.\r\n\r\nThe story features Prince Siegfried as a passionate man forced by the Queen to find a bride. He encounters Odette while out hunting, who has been cursed to turn into a swan during the day by the sorcerer Von Rothbart. Odette and Siegfried fall in love, and it\'s explained that this will break the curse. Later at a palace ball, Von Rothbart appears with his daughter Odile. Siegfried is deceived and believes Odile to be Odette so he pledges his love to Odile. He realizes his error and finds Odette. The two commit suicide, breaking the curse for the other swans and killing Von Rothbart.\r\n\r\nWhen Swan Lake was released Russia was in a period of social change brought about the Industrial Revolution. Trailing behind the other European powers in this adoption, it held onto the hierarchy of the Aristocratic system. France served as an inspiration for arts and there was a growing desire for a Russian voice in the arts. Tchaikovsky attended two newly formed schools meant to foster this creativity, The Russian Music Society and the St. Petersburg Conservatoire. He was also influenced by a group of operatic and orchestral composers known as the five: Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov, Modeste Petrovich Moussorgsky, Milli Alexievich Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, and Cesar Antonovitch Cui. \"These  men were undoubtedly gifted musicians and they had done much to establish music in Russian life but they were in Tchaikovsky\'s eyes, talented amateurs with other professions which the world took more seriously\" (Hossick).\r\n\r\nSwan Lake is typical of other ballets such as <em>La sylphide</em> and <em>Giselle</em> because it draws from fairy tales for narrative. All sound comes from music which is meant to convey the mood of the scene, and choreography utilized the <em>arabesque </em>style of dancing popularized by French ballet.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"437\"]<img class=\"   \" alt=\"\" src=\"http://balletnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/SwanLake024.jpg\" width=\"437\" height=\"312\" /> Arabesque pose from Swan Lake, http://balletnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/SwanLake024.jpg[/caption]\r\n\r\nOdette and Odile perpetuate Romantic stereotypes of women. \"Romantic writers inherited the dual view of womankind that had prevailed since the Middle Ages: like Eve, woman was the <i>femme fatale</i>, the seducer and destroyer of mankind; like Mary, however, woman was the source of salvation and the symbol of all that was pure and true\" (Fiero). Tchaikovsky was strongly influenced by the work of Beethoven and Wagner, using nuance during the repetition of themes to create different moods. In the theme of the opera a solo oboe plays a set of notes that are then played back with the entire orchestra to emphasize the build-up of emotion. In the introduction this is done with strings and has a slow somber mood.\r\n\r\n[youtube]<a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-yvvTy7aBc\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-yvvTy7aBc</a>[/youtube]\r\n\r\nIn a later scene this theme is repeated with horn accompaniment and feels more passionate and spontaneous.\r\n\r\n[youtube]<a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzpqM4THqZ8\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzpqM4THqZ8</a>[/youtube]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Swan Lake - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky','','inherit','open','open','','3535-revision-v1','','','2013-11-03 20:24:13','2013-11-04 02:24:13','',3535,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3541',0,'revision','',0),(3542,74,'2013-11-03 20:27:11','2013-11-04 02:27:11','[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"460\"]<img alt=\"\" src=\"http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01373/swan-lake_1373804c.jpg\" width=\"460\" height=\"288\" /> Swans in formation, http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01373/swan-lake_1373804c.jpg[/caption]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSwan Lake is a ballet originally composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in 1877. It\'s legacy continues in modern performances and reinterpretations of the piece and it should be preserved because of both it\'s persistence and impact in creating a Russian identity for ballet and music.\r\n\r\nThe story features Prince Siegfried as a passionate man forced by the Queen to find a bride. He encounters Odette while out hunting, who has been cursed to turn into a swan during the day by the sorcerer Von Rothbart. Odette and Siegfried fall in love, and it\'s explained that this will break the curse. Later at a palace ball, Von Rothbart appears with his daughter Odile. Siegfried is deceived and believes Odile to be Odette so he pledges his love to Odile. He realizes his error and finds Odette. The two commit suicide, breaking the curse for the other swans and killing Von Rothbart.\r\n\r\nWhen Swan Lake was released Russia was in a period of social change brought about the Industrial Revolution. Trailing behind the other European powers in this adoption, it held onto the hierarchy of the Aristocratic system. France served as an inspiration for arts and there was a growing desire for a Russian voice in the arts. Tchaikovsky attended two newly formed schools meant to foster this creativity, The Russian Music Society and the St. Petersburg Conservatoire. He was also influenced by a group of operatic and orchestral composers known as the five: Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov, Modeste Petrovich Moussorgsky, Milli Alexievich Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, and Cesar Antonovitch Cui. \"These  men were undoubtedly gifted musicians and they had done much to establish music in Russian life but they were in Tchaikovsky\'s eyes, talented amateurs with other professions which the world took more seriously\" (Hossick).\r\n\r\nSwan Lake is typical of other ballets such as <em>La sylphide</em> and <em>Giselle</em> because it draws from fairy tales for narrative. All sound comes from music which is meant to convey the mood of the scene, and choreography utilized the <em>arabesque </em>style of dancing popularized by French ballet.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"437\"]<img class=\"   \" alt=\"\" src=\"http://balletnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/SwanLake024.jpg\" width=\"437\" height=\"312\" /> Arabesque pose from Swan Lake, http://balletnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/SwanLake024.jpg[/caption]\r\n\r\nOdette and Odile perpetuate Romantic stereotypes of women. \"Romantic writers inherited the dual view of womankind that had prevailed since the Middle Ages: like Eve, woman was the <i>femme fatale</i>, the seducer and destroyer of mankind; like Mary, however, woman was the source of salvation and the symbol of all that was pure and true\" (Fiero). Tchaikovsky was strongly influenced by the work of Beethoven and Wagner, using nuance during the repetition of themes to create different moods. In the theme of the opera a solo oboe plays a set of notes and concludes with a low note. This sequence is then played back with the entire orchestra to emphasize the build-up of emotion. In the introduction this is done with strings and has a slow somber mood.\r\n\r\n[youtube]<a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-yvvTy7aBc\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-yvvTy7aBc</a>[/youtube]\r\n\r\nLater when Siegfried meets Odette this theme is repeated but replaced with a concluding high note, and the orchestra features a horn accompaniment that makes the piece feels more passionate and spontaneous.\r\n\r\n[youtube]<a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzpqM4THqZ8\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzpqM4THqZ8</a>[/youtube]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Swan Lake - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky','','inherit','open','open','','3535-revision-v1','','','2013-11-03 20:27:11','2013-11-04 02:27:11','',3535,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3542',0,'revision','',0),(3543,74,'2013-11-03 21:03:47','2013-11-04 03:03:47','[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"460\"]<img alt=\"\" src=\"http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01373/swan-lake_1373804c.jpg\" width=\"460\" height=\"288\" /> Swans in formation, http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01373/swan-lake_1373804c.jpg[/caption]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSwan Lake is a ballet originally composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in 1877. It\'s legacy continues in modern performances and reinterpretations of the piece and it should be preserved because of both it\'s persistence and the way it transcended the nationalist dogma of the time.\r\n\r\nThe story features Prince Siegfried as a passionate man forced by the Queen to find a bride. He encounters Odette while out hunting, who has been cursed to turn into a swan during the day by the sorcerer Von Rothbart. Odette and Siegfried fall in love, and it\'s explained that this will break the curse. Later at a palace ball, Von Rothbart appears with his daughter Odile. Siegfried is deceived and believes Odile to be Odette so he pledges his love to Odile. He realizes his error and finds Odette. The two commit suicide, breaking the curse for the other swans and killing Von Rothbart.\r\n\r\nWhen Swan Lake was released Russia was in a period of social change brought about the Industrial Revolution. Trailing behind the other European powers in this adoption, it held onto the hierarchy of the Aristocratic system. France served as an inspiration for arts and there was a growing desire for a Russian voice in the arts. Nationalism was ubiquitous across Europe and foreshadowed World War 1 in 1914. Tchaikovsky attended two newly formed schools meant to foster this creativity, The Russian Music Society and the St. Petersburg Conservatoire. He was also influenced by a group of operatic and orchestral composers known as the five: Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov, Modeste Petrovich Moussorgsky, Milli Alexievich Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, and Cesar Antonovitch Cui. \"These  men were undoubtedly gifted musicians and they had done much to establish music in Russian life but they were in Tchaikovsky\'s eyes, talented amateurs with other professions which the world took more seriously\" (Hossick). Also of importance was the fact that Tchaikovsky was a closeted homosexual in a religious country that was openly hostile to homosexuality. His marriage to a former student, Antonina Miliukova, was incredibly taxing on him but was seen to be a part of his responsibility as a man.\r\n\r\nSwan Lake is typical of other ballets such as <em>La sylphide</em> and <em>Giselle</em> because it draws from fairy tales for narrative. All sound comes from music which is meant to convey the mood of the scene, and choreography utilized the <em>arabesque </em>style of dancing popularized by French ballet.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"437\"]<img class=\"   \" alt=\"\" src=\"http://balletnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/SwanLake024.jpg\" width=\"437\" height=\"312\" /> Arabesque pose from Swan Lake, http://balletnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/SwanLake024.jpg[/caption]\r\n\r\nOdette and Odile perpetuate Romantic stereotypes of women. \"Romantic writers inherited the dual view of womankind that had prevailed since the Middle Ages: like Eve, woman was the <i>femme fatale</i>, the seducer and destroyer of mankind; like Mary, however, woman was the source of salvation and the symbol of all that was pure and true\" (Fiero). Tchaikovsky was strongly influenced by the work of Beethoven and Wagner, using nuance during the repetition of themes to create different moods. In the theme of the opera a solo oboe plays a set of notes and concludes with a low note. This sequence is then played back with the entire orchestra to emphasize the build-up of emotion. In the introduction this is done with strings and has a slow somber mood.\r\n\r\n[youtube]<a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-yvvTy7aBc\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-yvvTy7aBc</a>[/youtube]\r\n\r\nLater when Siegfried meets Odette this theme is repeated but replaced with a concluding high note, and the orchestra features a horn accompaniment that makes the piece feels more passionate and spontaneous.\r\n\r\n[youtube]<a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzpqM4THqZ8\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzpqM4THqZ8</a>[/youtube]\r\n\r\nThis musical complexity is what sets it apart from other ballets of the time. Also important are the cultural boundaries it crossed. Swan Lake\'s characters have Germanic rather than Slavic names. These differences led to poor reviews during the initial run of the ballet in the Bolshoi Theater. Because of this poor reception the original work was modified by choreographers Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov and composer Ludwig Minkus. In 1895 this new Swan Lake was performed at a commemoration ballet for Tchaikovsky, and most productions now use the 1895 Swan Lake as their template. This flexibility also makes Swan Lake unique, because preparing it is an interpretive job. This has allowed choreographers such as Matthew Bourne to experiment: \"I didn\'t want that three-way relationship - Prince, Swan, Rothbart - in the Swan scenes. I just wanted the simplicity of the Prince and the swans without something else controlling it. After all, it\'s in his mind. So it didn\'t seem appropriate to have anyone else involved\" (Bourne qtd. in Carter).','Swan Lake - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky','','inherit','open','open','','3535-revision-v1','','','2013-11-03 21:03:47','2013-11-04 03:03:47','',3535,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3543',0,'revision','',0),(3544,74,'2013-11-03 21:28:05','2013-11-04 03:28:05','[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"460\"]<img alt=\"\" src=\"http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01373/swan-lake_1373804c.jpg\" width=\"460\" height=\"288\" /> Swans in formation, http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01373/swan-lake_1373804c.jpg[/caption]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<em>Swan Lake</em> is a ballet originally composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in 1877. It\'s legacy continues in modern performances and reinterpretations of the piece and it should be preserved because of both it\'s persistence and the way it transcended the nationalist dogma of the time.\r\n\r\nThe story features Prince Siegfried as a passionate man forced by the Queen to find a bride. He encounters Odette while out hunting, who has been cursed to turn into a swan during the day by the sorcerer Von Rothbart. Odette and Siegfried fall in love, and it\'s explained that this will break the curse. Later at a palace ball, Von Rothbart appears with his daughter Odile. Siegfried is deceived and believes Odile to be Odette so he pledges his love to Odile. He realizes his error and finds Odette. The two commit suicide, breaking the curse for the other swans and killing Von Rothbart.\r\n\r\nWhen <em>Swan Lake</em> was released Russia was in a period of social change brought about the Industrial Revolution. Trailing behind the other European powers in this adoption, it held onto the hierarchy of the Aristocratic system. France served as an inspiration for arts and there was a growing desire for a Russian voice in the arts. Nationalism was ubiquitous across Europe and foreshadowed World War 1 in 1914. Tchaikovsky attended two newly formed schools meant to foster this creativity, The Russian Music Society and the St. Petersburg Conservatoire. He was also influenced by a group of operatic and orchestral composers known as the five: Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov, Modeste Petrovich Moussorgsky, Milli Alexievich Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, and Cesar Antonovitch Cui. \"These  men were undoubtedly gifted musicians and they had done much to establish music in Russian life but they were in Tchaikovsky\'s eyes, talented amateurs with other professions which the world took more seriously\" (Hossick). Also of importance was the fact that Tchaikovsky was a closeted homosexual in a religious country that was openly hostile to homosexuality. His marriage to a former student, Antonina Miliukova, was incredibly taxing on him but was seen to be a part of his responsibility as a man.\r\n\r\nSwan Lake is typical of other ballets such as <em>La sylphide</em> and <em>Giselle</em> because it draws from fairy tales for narrative. All sound comes from music which is meant to convey the mood of the scene, and choreography utilized the <em>arabesque </em>style of dancing popularized by French ballet.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"437\"]<img class=\"   \" alt=\"\" src=\"http://balletnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/SwanLake024.jpg\" width=\"437\" height=\"312\" /> Arabesque pose from Swan Lake, http://balletnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/SwanLake024.jpg[/caption]\r\n\r\nOdette and Odile perpetuate Romantic stereotypes of women. \"Romantic writers inherited the dual view of womankind that had prevailed since the Middle Ages: like Eve, woman was the <i>femme fatale</i>, the seducer and destroyer of mankind; like Mary, however, woman was the source of salvation and the symbol of all that was pure and true\" (Fiero). Tchaikovsky was strongly influenced by the work of Beethoven and Wagner, using nuance during the repetition of themes to create different moods. In the theme of the opera a solo oboe plays a set of notes and concludes with a low note. This sequence is then played back with the entire orchestra to emphasize the build-up of emotion. In the introduction this is done with strings and has a slow somber mood.\r\n\r\n[youtube]<a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-yvvTy7aBc\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-yvvTy7aBc</a>[/youtube]\r\n\r\nLater when Siegfried meets Odette this theme is repeated but replaced with a concluding high note, and the orchestra features a horn accompaniment that makes the piece feels more passionate and spontaneous.\r\n\r\n[youtube]<a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzpqM4THqZ8\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzpqM4THqZ8</a>[/youtube]\r\n\r\nThis musical complexity is what sets it apart from other ballets of the time. Also important are the cultural boundaries it crossed. <em>Swan Lake</em>\'s characters have Germanic rather than Slavic names. In Scene 3 different nationalities are represented through dance in the Palace Courtyard with their appropriate music. These differences led to poor reviews during the initial run of the ballet in the Bolshoi Theater. Because of this poor reception the original work was modified by choreographers Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov and composer Ludwig Minkus. In 1895 this new <em>Swan Lake</em> was performed at a commemoration ballet for Tchaikovsky, and most productions now use the 1895 <em>Swan Lake</em> as their template. This flexibility also makes<em> Swan Lake</em> unique, because preparing it is an interpretive job. This has allowed choreographers such as Matthew Bourne to experiment: \"I didn\'t want that three-way relationship - Prince, Swan, Rothbart - in the Swan scenes. I just wanted the simplicity of the Prince and the swans without something else controlling it. After all, it\'s in his mind. So it didn\'t seem appropriate to have anyone else involved\" (Bourne qtd. in Carter). In Bourne\'s interpretation the swans are also played by men creating a subtext not present before. The 2010 movie <em>Black Swan</em> highlights <em>Swan Lake</em>\'s elevated status in ballet as well as interpreting the ballet as being about transformation and dual personalities inside of a person.\r\n\r\n[youtube]<a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CsvtIzebNcw\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CsvtIzebNcw</a>[/youtube]\r\n\r\nBibliography:\r\n<p lang=\"en\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\"><span><i>Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky [Electronic Resource (Video)] : A Concise Biography / Hossick, Malcolm</i>. n.p.: New York, N.Y. : Films Media Group, [2011], c2006., 2006. <i>ACC Library Catalog</i>. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.</span></span></p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\"><span><i>Swan Lake [Electronic Resource (Video)] : From The Royal Opera House / Electric Sky (Firm)</i>. n.p.: New York, N.Y. : Films Media Group, [2010], c2009., 2009. <i>ACC Library Catalog</i>. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.</span></span></p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\"><span>Drummond, Kent G. \"The Queering Of Swan Lake: A New Male Gaze For The Performance Of Sexual Desire.\" <i>Journal Of Homosexuality</i> 45.2-4 (2003): 235-255. <i>Academic Search Complete</i>. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.</span></span></p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\"><span>Cohen, Selma J. <i>Next Week, Swan Lake: Reflections on Dance and Dances</i>. Middletown: Wesleyan University Press, 2011. Print.</span></span></p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\"><span>Carter, Alexandra. <i>Rethinking Dance History: A Reader</i>. London: Routledge, 2004. Print.</span></span></p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\"><span>Plumley, Gavin. “Swan Lake: A beginner\'s guide – The Music (Royal Ballet).” Online video clip. <i>YouTube</i>. YouTube, 27 Feb 2013. 3 Nov 2013.</span></span></p>','Swan Lake - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky','','inherit','open','open','','3535-revision-v1','','','2013-11-03 21:28:05','2013-11-04 03:28:05','',3535,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3544',0,'revision','',0),(3545,74,'2013-11-03 21:31:01','2013-11-04 03:31:01','[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"460\"]<img alt=\"\" src=\"http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01373/swan-lake_1373804c.jpg\" width=\"460\" height=\"288\" /> Swans in formation, http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01373/swan-lake_1373804c.jpg[/caption]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<em>Swan Lake</em> is a ballet originally composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in 1877. It\'s legacy continues in modern performances and reinterpretations of the piece and it should be preserved because of both it\'s persistence and the way it transcended the nationalist dogma of the time.\r\n\r\nThe story features Prince Siegfried as a passionate man forced by the Queen to find a bride. He encounters Odette while out hunting, who has been cursed to turn into a swan during the day by the sorcerer Von Rothbart. Odette and Siegfried fall in love, and it\'s explained that this will break the curse. Later at a palace ball, Von Rothbart appears with his daughter Odile. Siegfried is deceived and believes Odile to be Odette so he pledges his love to Odile. He realizes his error and finds Odette. The two commit suicide, breaking the curse for the other swans and killing Von Rothbart.\r\n\r\nWhen <em>Swan Lake</em> was released Russia was in a period of social change brought about the Industrial Revolution. Trailing behind the other European powers in this adoption, it held onto the hierarchy of the Aristocratic system. France served as an inspiration for arts and there was a growing desire for a Russian voice in the arts. Nationalism was ubiquitous across Europe and foreshadowed World War 1 in 1914. Tchaikovsky attended two newly formed schools meant to foster this creativity, The Russian Music Society and the St. Petersburg Conservatoire. He was also influenced by a group of operatic and orchestral composers known as the five: Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov, Modeste Petrovich Moussorgsky, Milli Alexievich Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, and Cesar Antonovitch Cui. \"These  men were undoubtedly gifted musicians and they had done much to establish music in Russian life but they were in Tchaikovsky\'s eyes, talented amateurs with other professions which the world took more seriously\" (Hossick). Also of importance was the fact that Tchaikovsky was a closeted homosexual in a religious country that was openly hostile to homosexuality. His marriage to a former student, Antonina Miliukova, was incredibly taxing on him but was seen to be a part of his responsibility as a man.\r\n\r\nSwan Lake is typical of other ballets such as <em>La sylphide</em> and <em>Giselle</em> because it draws from fairy tales for narrative. All sound comes from music which is meant to convey the mood of the scene, and choreography utilized the <em>arabesque </em>style of dancing popularized by French ballet.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"437\"]<img class=\"   \" alt=\"\" src=\"http://balletnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/SwanLake024.jpg\" width=\"437\" height=\"312\" /> Arabesque pose from Swan Lake, http://balletnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/SwanLake024.jpg[/caption]\r\n\r\nOdette and Odile perpetuate Romantic stereotypes of women. \"Romantic writers inherited the dual view of womankind that had prevailed since the Middle Ages: like Eve, woman was the <i>femme fatale</i>, the seducer and destroyer of mankind; like Mary, however, woman was the source of salvation and the symbol of all that was pure and true\" (Fiero). Tchaikovsky was strongly influenced by the work of Beethoven and Wagner, using nuance during the repetition of themes to create different moods. In the theme of the opera a solo oboe plays a set of notes and concludes with a low note. This sequence is then played back with the entire orchestra to emphasize the build-up of emotion. In the introduction this is done with strings and has a slow somber mood.\r\n\r\n[youtube]<a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-yvvTy7aBc\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-yvvTy7aBc</a>[/youtube]\r\n\r\nLater when Siegfried meets Odette this theme is repeated but replaced with a concluding high note, and the orchestra features a horn accompaniment that makes the piece feels more passionate and spontaneous.\r\n\r\n[youtube]<a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzpqM4THqZ8\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzpqM4THqZ8</a>[/youtube]\r\n\r\nThis musical complexity is what sets it apart from other ballets of the time. Also important are the cultural boundaries it crossed. <em>Swan Lake</em>\'s characters have Germanic rather than Slavic names. In Scene 3 different nationalities are represented through dance in the Palace Courtyard with their appropriate music. These differences led to poor reviews during the initial run of the ballet in the Bolshoi Theater. Because of this poor reception the original work was modified by choreographers Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov and composer Ludwig Minkus. In 1895 this new <em>Swan Lake</em> was performed at a commemoration ballet for Tchaikovsky, and most productions now use the 1895 <em>Swan Lake</em> as their template. This flexibility also makes<em> Swan Lake</em> unique, because preparing it is an interpretive job. This has allowed choreographers such as Matthew Bourne to experiment: \"I didn\'t want that three-way relationship - Prince, Swan, Rothbart - in the Swan scenes. I just wanted the simplicity of the Prince and the swans without something else controlling it. After all, it\'s in his mind. So it didn\'t seem appropriate to have anyone else involved\" (Bourne qtd. in Carter). In Bourne\'s interpretation the swans are also played by men creating a subtext not present before. The 2010 movie <em>Black Swan</em> highlights <em>Swan Lake</em>\'s elevated status in ballet and modern culture. It also offers an interpretation of <em>Swan Lake</em> through the perspective of Odette, showing her<em> </em>transformation and inner struggle between dual personalities.\r\n\r\n[youtube]<a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CsvtIzebNcw\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CsvtIzebNcw</a>[/youtube]\r\n\r\nBibliography:\r\n<p lang=\"en\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\"><span><i>Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky [Electronic Resource (Video)] : A Concise Biography / Hossick, Malcolm</i>. n.p.: New York, N.Y. : Films Media Group, [2011], c2006., 2006. <i>ACC Library Catalog</i>. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.</span></span></p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\"><span><i>Swan Lake [Electronic Resource (Video)] : From The Royal Opera House / Electric Sky (Firm)</i>. n.p.: New York, N.Y. : Films Media Group, [2010], c2009., 2009. <i>ACC Library Catalog</i>. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.</span></span></p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\"><span>Drummond, Kent G. \"The Queering Of Swan Lake: A New Male Gaze For The Performance Of Sexual Desire.\" <i>Journal Of Homosexuality</i> 45.2-4 (2003): 235-255. <i>Academic Search Complete</i>. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.</span></span></p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\"><span>Cohen, Selma J. <i>Next Week, Swan Lake: Reflections on Dance and Dances</i>. Middletown: Wesleyan University Press, 2011. Print.</span></span></p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\"><span>Carter, Alexandra. <i>Rethinking Dance History: A Reader</i>. London: Routledge, 2004. Print.</span></span></p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\"><span>Plumley, Gavin. “Swan Lake: A beginner\'s guide – The Music (Royal Ballet).” Online video clip. <i>YouTube</i>. YouTube, 27 Feb 2013. 3 Nov 2013.</span></span></p>','Swan Lake - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky','','inherit','open','open','','3535-revision-v1','','','2013-11-03 21:31:01','2013-11-04 03:31:01','',3535,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3545',0,'revision','',0),(3546,74,'2013-11-03 21:35:21','2013-11-04 03:35:21','[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"460\"]<img alt=\"\" src=\"http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01373/swan-lake_1373804c.jpg\" width=\"460\" height=\"288\" /> Swans in formation, http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01373/swan-lake_1373804c.jpg[/caption]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<em>Swan Lake</em> is a ballet originally composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in 1877. It\'s legacy continues in modern performances and reinterpretations of the piece and it should be preserved because of both it\'s persistence and the way it transcended the nationalist dogma of the time.\r\n\r\nThe story features Prince Siegfried as a passionate man forced by the Queen to find a bride. He encounters Odette while out hunting, who has been cursed to turn into a swan during the day by the sorcerer Von Rothbart. Odette and Siegfried fall in love, and it\'s explained that this will break the curse. Later at a palace ball, Von Rothbart appears with his daughter Odile. Siegfried is deceived and believes Odile to be Odette so he pledges his love to Odile. He realizes his error and finds Odette. The two commit suicide, breaking the curse for the other swans and killing Von Rothbart.\r\n\r\nWhen <em>Swan Lake</em> was released Russia was in a period of social change brought about the Industrial Revolution. Trailing behind the other European powers in this adoption, it held onto the hierarchy of the Aristocratic system. France served as an inspiration for arts and there was a growing desire for a Russian voice in the arts. Nationalism was ubiquitous across Europe and foreshadowed World War 1 in 1914. Tchaikovsky attended two newly formed schools meant to foster this creativity, The Russian Music Society and the St. Petersburg Conservatoire. He was also influenced by a group of operatic and orchestral composers known as the five: Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov, Modeste Petrovich Moussorgsky, Milli Alexievich Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, and Cesar Antonovitch Cui. \"These  men were undoubtedly gifted musicians and they had done much to establish music in Russian life but they were in Tchaikovsky\'s eyes, talented amateurs with other professions which the world took more seriously\" (Hossick). Also of importance was the fact that Tchaikovsky was a closeted homosexual in a religious country that was openly hostile to homosexuality. His marriage to a former student, Antonina Miliukova, was incredibly taxing on him but was seen to be a part of his responsibility as a man.\r\n\r\nSwan Lake is typical of other ballets such as <em>La sylphide</em> and <em>Giselle</em> because it draws from fairy tales for narrative. All sound comes from music which is meant to convey the mood of the scene, and choreography utilized the <em>arabesque </em>style of dancing popularized by French ballet.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"437\"]<img class=\"   \" alt=\"\" src=\"http://balletnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/SwanLake024.jpg\" width=\"437\" height=\"312\" /> Arabesque pose from Swan Lake, http://balletnews.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/SwanLake024.jpg[/caption]\r\n\r\nOdette and Odile perpetuate Romantic stereotypes of women. \"Romantic writers inherited the dual view of womankind that had prevailed since the Middle Ages: like Eve, woman was the <i>femme fatale</i>, the seducer and destroyer of mankind; like Mary, however, woman was the source of salvation and the symbol of all that was pure and true\" (Fiero). Tchaikovsky was strongly influenced by the work of Beethoven and Wagner, using nuance during the repetition of themes to create different moods. In the theme of the opera a solo oboe plays a set of notes and concludes with a low note. This sequence is then played back with the entire orchestra to emphasize the build-up of emotion. In the introduction this is done with strings and has a slow somber mood.\r\n\r\n[youtube]<a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-yvvTy7aBc\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-yvvTy7aBc</a>[/youtube]\r\n\r\nLater when Siegfried meets Odette this theme is repeated but replaced with a concluding high note, and the orchestra features a horn accompaniment that makes the piece feels more passionate and spontaneous.\r\n\r\n[youtube]<a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzpqM4THqZ8\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzpqM4THqZ8</a>[/youtube]\r\n\r\nThis musical complexity is what sets it apart from other ballets of the time. Also important are the cultural boundaries it crossed. <em>Swan Lake</em>\'s characters have Germanic rather than Slavic names. In Scene 3 different nationalities are represented through dance in the Palace Courtyard with their appropriate music. These differences led to poor reviews during the initial run of the ballet in the Bolshoi Theater. Because of this poor reception the original work was modified by choreographers Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov and composer Ludwig Minkus. In 1895 this new <em>Swan Lake</em> was performed at a commemoration ballet for Tchaikovsky, and most productions now use the 1895 <em>Swan Lake</em> as their template. This flexibility also makes<em> Swan Lake</em> unique, because preparing it is an interpretive job. This has allowed choreographers such as Matthew Bourne to experiment: \"I didn\'t want that three-way relationship - Prince, Swan, Rothbart - in the Swan scenes. I just wanted the simplicity of the Prince and the swans without something else controlling it. After all, it\'s in his mind. So it didn\'t seem appropriate to have anyone else involved\" (Bourne qtd. in Carter). In Bourne\'s interpretation the swans are also played by men creating a subtext not present before. The 2010 movie <em>Black Swan</em> highlights <em>Swan Lake</em>\'s elevated status in ballet and modern culture. It also offers an interpretation of <em>Swan Lake</em> through the perspective of Odette, showing her<em> </em>transformation and inner struggle between dual personalities.\r\n\r\n[youtube]<a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CsvtIzebNcw\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CsvtIzebNcw</a>[/youtube]\r\n\r\nBibliography:\r\n<p lang=\"en\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\"><span><i>Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky [Electronic Resource (Video)] : A Concise Biography / Hossick, Malcolm</i>. n.p.: New York, N.Y. : Films Media Group, [2011], c2006., 2006. <i>ACC Library Catalog</i>. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.</span></span></p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\">This source gave information on the creator as well as background information.</p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\"><span><i>Swan Lake [Electronic Resource (Video)] : From The Royal Opera House / Electric Sky (Firm)</i>. n.p.: New York, N.Y. : Films Media Group, [2010], c2009., 2009. <i>ACC Library Catalog</i>. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.</span></span></p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\">This source helped form a personal reaction to the work.</p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\"><span>Drummond, Kent G. \"The Queering Of Swan Lake: A New Male Gaze For The Performance Of Sexual Desire.\" <i>Journal Of Homosexuality</i> 45.2-4 (2003): 235-255. <i>Academic Search Complete</i>. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.</span></span></p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\">This source showed a comparison of the 1895 performance with the 1995 Matthew Bourne performance.</p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\"><span>Cohen, Selma J. <i>Next Week, Swan Lake: Reflections on Dance and Dances</i>. Middletown: Wesleyan University Press, 2011. Print.</span></span></p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\">This source gave historical background on the production and what makes it unique.</p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\"><span>Carter, Alexandra. <i>Rethinking Dance History: A Reader</i>. London: Routledge, 2004. Print.</span></span></p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\">This source had an interview with Matthew Bourne that created a context for the modern reception of the work</p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif\"><span>Plumley, Gavin. “Swan Lake: A beginner\'s guide – The Music (Royal Ballet).” Online video clip. <i>YouTube</i>. YouTube, 27 Feb 2013. 3 Nov 2013.</span></span></p>\r\n<p lang=\"en\">This source helped with understanding musical themes present in the work.</p>','Swan Lake - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky','','inherit','open','open','','3535-revision-v1','','','2013-11-03 21:35:21','2013-11-04 03:35:21','',3535,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3546',0,'revision','',0),(3547,76,'2013-11-04 12:45:01','2013-11-04 18:45:01','<i>            Sallie Gardner at a</i> <i>Gallop </i>or <i>Horse in Motion</i> by Eadweard Muybridge is a short series of photographs of a horse at a trot taken in 1878.  The image of a moving horse was made by the quick succession of 24 photographs and a “special electrical trigger mechanism” and processing techniques allowing the photographs to be viewed quickly to provide the viewer with the illusion of movement (Vass). Commissioned by Leland Stanford, a wealthy Californian businessman, the work was the result of a long-standing question of whether a horse left the ground at any point in a gallop. Pictures had been painted of a horses outstretched and free from the ground, which was a misconception of their movement but still true to what Muybridge had proven with his photographs: horses do indeed leave the ground in full motion (Vass). Other of Muybridge\'s contemporaries pioneered in the field of animation as well, but took more of a scientific approach, such as Etienne-Jules Marey, whereas Muybridge worked more for the sake of the art and beauty of his subjects. As a pioneer piece of animation\'s early history, this work should be preserved because of the impact it had on the future of animation techniques and technology.<!--more-->\r\n\r\nAmerica in the late 19<sup>th</sup> century, where Muybridge was commissioned, was in the Reconstruction period after the Civil War. This was a time when the empowered federal government, after having preserved the union of the country, sought to repair the damages done to war-torn regions (Foner). The economies of America and Europe in the 19<sup>th</sup> century were advancing rapidly during industrialization where miles of railway tracks stretched across both continents. Colonialism was still in effect as European rule stretched beyond Europe\'s borders as, by 1900, “all of Africa, save Ethiopia and Liberia, had been carved up by European powers” (Fiero).  During Muybridge\'s lifetime, a war between China and Britain commenced over the importation of British opium into China\'s borders. Despite efforts to halt the importation of the drug into China, British merchants persisted causing the notorious Opium Wars, which “brought China to its knees” (Fiero).\r\n\r\nIn Muybridge\'s time, photographs were becoming extremely popular not only in America, but in most of the developed west as an art form and tool for scientific study. One of Muybridge\'s contemporaries, Marey, was dubbed a competitor of Muybridge and sought to perfect his camera apparatus to take more detailed pictures than ever before (Tarr). The subject matter of both photographers’ pieces were generally the same, being of the motion of humans and animals, and both used motion devices to display their pieces (Vass). Once he improved upon his equipment for mobility and he was able to receive more funding for his work, Muybridge traveled the Americas taking photographs of landscapes, animals and people he met in his travels. Photographs became used to take more accurate and breathtaking accounts of the world and Muybridge was a pioneer of the practice, turning 24 simple frames into an art form never viewed by anyone before.\r\n\r\nWhat separates Muybridge\'s work with the <i>Horse in Motion</i> from the basic photography of the day was his camera apparatus and uses of his photographs. He set up a system of trip wires that “fire a series of cameras as a horse went past,” allowing a picture to be seen at all points during the horse\'s trot (Hagen). This system of 24 cameras was a true photographic spectacle and one of clever design as the press watched on to prove that motion could truly be captured by Muybridge\'s contraption. He displayed his final product of wood engravings for the media to print and in a university as the first projection of what could be considered moving pictures (Tarr). His French contemporary Marey decided instead to perfect his capture device boasting a capture rate of his machine at 60 frames per second (Tarr). While Muybridge\'s works were largely for the sake of art and imagery, Marey used his works to study scientifically human and animal motion, publishing his findings in scientific journals rather than offering them to universities and museums (Vass).\r\n\r\nIn the time of its completion, the <i>Horse in Motion </i>garnered praise from the scientific community and the man who commissioned the work, Leland Stanford. Transferred onto newspapers of the time via woodcuts, <i>Scientific American</i> published his works upon completion and later the European journal <i>La Nature</i> (Leslie). Approval in this field was not Muybridge\'s official goal, but more a side effect of having been commissioned by the Californian businessman Leland Stanford. Stanford, upon realizing how positive reception was of Muybridge\'s work, tried to claim the work for him, having published the work “without Muybridge\'s name on the title page” of <i>The Horse in Motion, </i>which featured over “100 drawings and engravings based on [Muybridge\'s] shots” (Leslie). A work not worthy of preservation would not have such influential people on edge over who produced it. This reaction and following events transfer to today, where countless works have been reproduced using Muybridge\'s methods.\r\n\r\nBeing perhaps the most early for of stop-motion animation, <i>The Horse in Motion</i> influenced many techniques that provide entertainment for people today with great success. Pixilation, “where images are taken from varying points of view”, is used in the modern animation series <i>Wallace and Gromit </i>(1989-2009) (Tarr). The use of the pixilation in modern entertainment and amateur animation is very prevalent and reminiscent of Muybridge\'s first work of motion-capture. Reception then and now has differed by means of respect for the work in different terms. In the time of the work\'s beginning, individuals fought to reserve rights over the work and claim it as their own. Now, the work is respected for it\'s method of producing the illusion of moving pictures; numerous works were produced in the 60\'s in 70\'s that recreate Muybridge\'s style, celebrating his method, and providing new subject matter for mass entertainment (Hagen).\r\n\r\nMuybridge\'s work is still regarded as pioneer piece of early animation, as students of animation still learn of his famous piece in their history classes. I was surprised to learn how intricate his apparatus was and that it was setup in front of the press, whose eye was incredibly important to his success. Ironically, I couldn\'t find a picture of his camera apparatus, but the descriptions are telling of how incredible the scene was with 24 cameras flashing in sequence. Today, it doesn\'t take 24 cameras to move a horse on a screen; people carry around in their pockets that ability to capture a section of time to be reviewed endlessly. Animation has come far and without Muybridge, we may be praising another early animator as the leader of this art\'s beginning, Étienne-Jules Marey.\r\n\r\nMarey, while Muybridge was taking thousands of photos of nature and animal movement, was perfecting his own photographic apparatus. Muybridge\'s French counterpart “fitted a rifle with a rapid-shooting camera” and was able to, from a single position, “capture animal locomotion on single frames of film” (Tarr). As mentioned earlier, Marey chose to perfect his motion-capture device, devoting most of his works with a scientific twist since his inspiration was born of a previous affinity for medicine. (Vass). While Muybridge quickly faded into obscurity due to copyright battles and his choice to travel rather than publish, Marey gained popularity by experimenting with animal motion and publishing his findings frequently in scientific journals in France (Vass). Muybridge and Marey are both incredibly important figures to early animation and serve important purposes in establishing the art form. Muybridge emphasized how important the subject matter is to the work, producing hundreds of thousands of photographs of the world around him and those who inhabited it.  Étienne-Jules Marey stressed the ability of his capture device, allowing people to view his limited subjects in ways they never have before. Both of these people, when considered together, synthesized animation to create what the art form is today.\r\n\r\nWith movies becoming increasingly animated by computers, the work of 19<sup>th</sup> century animators is more important than ever. Knowing the history of animation is important for understanding how images have progressed from not only depicting events such as human and animal motion but for modern entertainment as well. Computer animation has dominated movies for children and action movies alike, showing grander images and more interaction with humans than was possible before. The <i>Horse in Motion</i> needs to be preserved as a piece executed by magnificent human ingenuity and a kick-off point for future animators to come.\r\n<p align=\"center\">Works Cited</p>\r\n<p align=\"center\"></p>\r\nFiero, Gloria , and . <i>The Humanistic Tradition Book 3, The European Renaissance, The Reformation, And Global Encounter</i>. 6th. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages, 2010. 10 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\n-Our textbook gave limited information on Muybridge, but gave good insight for historical context and some light basic information on visual arts of the time period.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nFoner, Eric. Give Me Liberty!. Volume 1, An American History. 3<sup>rd</sup> Edition. New York City: W. W. Norton, 2010. Print.\r\n\r\n-The U.S. History textbook always helps with historical context when the subject has to do with America, and since Muybridge moved to America, this was a great help.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHagen, Charles. \"Review/Photography; Eadweard Muybridge Revisited, with Others.\" <i>New York Times </i>Mar 06 1992. <i>ProQuest. </i>Web. 29 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\n-This article was a comparison of early photography and animation professionals with special emphasis on Muybridge as an early master, this article helped me greatly with finding works that were inspired by Muybridge in the 20<sup>th</sup> century.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLeslie, Mitchell. \"The Man Who Stopped Time.\" <i>Stanford Alumni</i>. May 2001: n. page. Web. 2 Nov. 2013. &lt;http://alumni.stanford.edu/get/page/magazine/article/?article_id=39117&gt;.\r\n\r\n-Being a college paper contribution from a graduate of the university, this report was very in depth on the controversies following the publication of the piece and gave great detail on Muybridge\'s method and life before and after the work.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTarr, Simon, and Paul S. Weiss. \"Very Small Horses: Visualizing Motion At The Nanoscale. \"<i>Leonardo</i> 45.5 (2012): 439-455. <i>Academic Search Complete</i>. Web. 29 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\n-This focused on animation at the nanoscale, a feat only possible by high computing technology today and talked about the physics of what we can see and how subjects move through space. Tarr was majorly focused on the future and analysis of animation, but there was a decent part discussing Muybridge and Marey\'s devices and methods which helped supplement my research.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVass, Gergely. \"Early Motion-Capture Techniques.\" <i>Computer Graphics World</i> 33.6 (2010): 8-9. <i>Internet and Personal Computing Abstracts</i>. Web. 29 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\n-This article was amazing at discussing animation\'s beginning with reference to Muybridge and Marey, discussing their contributions and differing mentalities on animation and photography\'s use. This is where I found the majority of my information and I drew upon this a lot in my comparisons and history of Muybridge\'s life works.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','The Horse (and the World) in Motion','','publish','open','open','','the-horse-and-the-world-in-motion','','','2013-11-04 12:45:01','2013-11-04 18:45:01','',0,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3547',0,'post','',11),(3548,76,'2013-11-04 12:44:23','2013-11-04 18:44:23','<i>            Sallie Gardner at a</i> <i>Gallop </i>or <i>Horse in Motion</i> by Eadweard Muybridge is a short series of photographs of a horse at a trot taken in 1878.  The image of a moving horse was made by the quick succession of 24 photographs and a “special electrical trigger mechanism” and processing techniques allowing the photographs to be viewed quickly to provide the viewer with the illusion of movement (Vass). Commissioned by Leland Stanford, a wealthy Californian businessman, the work was the result of a long-standing question of whether a horse left the ground at any point in a gallop. Pictures had been painted of a horses outstretched and free from the ground, which was a misconception of their movement but still true to what Muybridge had proven with his photographs: horses do indeed leave the ground in full motion (Vass). Other of Muybridge\'s contemporaries pioneered in the field of animation as well, but took more of a scientific approach, such as Etienne-Jules Marey, whereas Muybridge worked more for the sake of the art and beauty of his subjects. As a pioneer piece of animation\'s early history, this work should be preserved because of the impact it had on the future of animation techniques and technology.<!--more-->\r\n\r\nAmerica in the late 19<sup>th</sup> century, where Muybridge was commissioned, was in the Reconstruction period after the Civil War. This was a time when the empowered federal government, after having preserved the union of the country, sought to repair the damages done to war-torn regions (Foner). The economies of America and Europe in the 19<sup>th</sup> century were advancing rapidly during industrialization where miles of railway tracks stretched across both continents. Colonialism was still in effect as European rule stretched beyond Europe\'s borders as, by 1900, “all of Africa, save Ethiopia and Liberia, had been carved up by European powers” (Fiero).  During Muybridge\'s lifetime, a war between China and Britain commenced over the importation of British opium into China\'s borders. Despite efforts to halt the importation of the drug into China, British merchants persisted causing the notorious Opium Wars, which “brought China to its knees” (Fiero).\r\n\r\nIn Muybridge\'s time, photographs were becoming extremely popular not only in America, but in most of the developed west as an art form and tool for scientific study. One of Muybridge\'s contemporaries, Marey, was dubbed a competitor of Muybridge and sought to perfect his camera apparatus to take more detailed pictures than ever before (Tarr). The subject matter of both photographers’ pieces were generally the same, being of the motion of humans and animals, and both used motion devices to display their pieces (Vass). Once he improved upon his equipment for mobility and he was able to receive more funding for his work, Muybridge traveled the Americas taking photographs of landscapes, animals and people he met in his travels. Photographs became used to take more accurate and breathtaking accounts of the world and Muybridge was a pioneer of the practice, turning 24 simple frames into an art form never viewed by anyone before.\r\n\r\nWhat separates Muybridge\'s work with the <i>Horse in Motion</i> from the basic photography of the day was his camera apparatus and uses of his photographs. He set up a system of trip wires that “fire a series of cameras as a horse went past,” allowing a picture to be seen at all points during the horse\'s trot (Hagen). This system of 24 cameras was a true photographic spectacle and one of clever design as the press watched on to prove that motion could truly be captured by Muybridge\'s contraption. He displayed his final product of wood engravings for the media to print and in a university as the first projection of what could be considered moving pictures (Tarr). His French contemporary Marey decided instead to perfect his capture device boasting a capture rate of his machine at 60 frames per second (Tarr). While Muybridge\'s works were largely for the sake of art and imagery, Marey used his works to study scientifically human and animal motion, publishing his findings in scientific journals rather than offering them to universities and museums (Vass).\r\n\r\nIn the time of its completion, the <i>Horse in Motion </i>garnered praise from the scientific community and the man who commissioned the work, Leland Stanford. Transferred onto newspapers of the time via woodcuts, <i>Scientific American</i> published his works upon completion and later the European journal <i>La Nature</i> (Leslie). Approval in this field was not Muybridge\'s official goal, but more a side effect of having been commissioned by the Californian businessman Leland Stanford. Stanford, upon realizing how positive reception was of Muybridge\'s work, tried to claim the work for him, having published the work “without Muybridge\'s name on the title page” of <i>The Horse in Motion, </i>which featured over “100 drawings and engravings based on [Muybridge\'s] shots” (Leslie). A work not worthy of preservation would not have such influential people on edge over who produced it. This reaction and following events transfer to today, where countless works have been reproduced using Muybridge\'s methods.\r\n\r\nBeing perhaps the most early for of stop-motion animation, <i>The Horse in Motion</i> influenced many techniques that provide entertainment for people today with great success. Pixilation, “where images are taken from varying points of view”, is used in the modern animation series <i>Wallace and Gromit </i>(1989-2009) (Tarr). The use of the pixilation in modern entertainment and amateur animation is very prevalent and reminiscent of Muybridge\'s first work of motion-capture. Reception then and now has differed by means of respect for the work in different terms. In the time of the work\'s beginning, individuals fought to reserve rights over the work and claim it as their own. Now, the work is respected for it\'s method of producing the illusion of moving pictures; numerous works were produced in the 60\'s in 70\'s that recreate Muybridge\'s style, celebrating his method, and providing new subject matter for mass entertainment (Hagen).\r\n\r\nMuybridge\'s work is still regarded as pioneer piece of early animation, as students of animation still learn of his famous piece in their history classes. I was surprised to learn how intricate his apparatus was and that it was setup in front of the press, whose eye was incredibly important to his success. Ironically, I couldn\'t find a picture of his camera apparatus, but the descriptions are telling of how incredible the scene was with 24 cameras flashing in sequence. Today, it doesn\'t take 24 cameras to move a horse on a screen; people carry around in their pockets that ability to capture a section of time to be reviewed endlessly. Animation has come far and without Muybridge, we may be praising another early animator as the leader of this art\'s beginning, Étienne-Jules Marey.\r\n\r\nMarey, while Muybridge was taking thousands of photos of nature and animal movement, was perfecting his own photographic apparatus. Muybridge\'s French counterpart “fitted a rifle with a rapid-shooting camera” and was able to, from a single position, “capture animal locomotion on single frames of film” (Tarr). As mentioned earlier, Marey chose to perfect his motion-capture device, devoting most of his works with a scientific twist since his inspiration was born of a previous affinity for medicine. (Vass). While Muybridge quickly faded into obscurity due to copyright battles and his choice to travel rather than publish, Marey gained popularity by experimenting with animal motion and publishing his findings frequently in scientific journals in France (Vass). Muybridge and Marey are both incredibly important figures to early animation and serve important purposes in establishing the art form. Muybridge emphasized how important the subject matter is to the work, producing hundreds of thousands of photographs of the world around him and those who inhabited it.  Étienne-Jules Marey stressed the ability of his capture device, allowing people to view his limited subjects in ways they never have before. Both of these people, when considered together, synthesized animation to create what the art form is today.\r\n\r\nWith movies becoming increasingly animated by computers, the work of 19<sup>th</sup> century animators is more important than ever. Knowing the history of animation is important for understanding how images have progressed from not only depicting events such as human and animal motion but for modern entertainment as well. Computer animation has dominated movies for children and action movies alike, showing grander images and more interaction with humans than was possible before. The <i>Horse in Motion</i> needs to be preserved as a piece executed by magnificent human ingenuity and a kick-off point for future animators to come.\r\n<p align=\"center\">Works Cited</p>\r\n<p align=\"center\"></p>\r\nFiero, Gloria , and . <i>The Humanistic Tradition Book 3, The European Renaissance, The Reformation, And Global Encounter</i>. 6th. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages, 2010. 10 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\n-Our textbook gave limited information on Muybridge, but gave good insight for historical context and some light basic information on visual arts of the time period.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nFoner, Eric. Give Me Liberty!. Volume 1, An American History. 3<sup>rd</sup> Edition. New York City: W. W. Norton, 2010. Print.\r\n\r\n-The U.S. History textbook always helps with historical context when the subject has to do with America, and since Muybridge moved to America, this was a great help.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHagen, Charles. \"Review/Photography; Eadweard Muybridge Revisited, with Others.\" <i>New York Times </i>Mar 06 1992. <i>ProQuest. </i>Web. 29 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\n-This article was a comparison of early photography and animation professionals with special emphasis on Muybridge as an early master, this article helped me greatly with finding works that were inspired by Muybridge in the 20<sup>th</sup> century.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLeslie, Mitchell. \"The Man Who Stopped Time.\" <i>Stanford Alumni</i>. May 2001: n. page. Web. 2 Nov. 2013. &lt;http://alumni.stanford.edu/get/page/magazine/article/?article_id=39117&gt;.\r\n\r\n-Being a college paper contribution from a graduate of the university, this report was very in depth on the controversies following the publication of the piece and gave great detail on Muybridge\'s method and life before and after the work.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTarr, Simon, and Paul S. Weiss. \"Very Small Horses: Visualizing Motion At The Nanoscale. \"<i>Leonardo</i> 45.5 (2012): 439-455. <i>Academic Search Complete</i>. Web. 29 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\n-This focused on animation at the nanoscale, a feat only possible by high computing technology today and talked about the physics of what we can see and how subjects move through space. Tarr was majorly focused on the future and analysis of animation, but there was a decent part discussing Muybridge and Marey\'s devices and methods which helped supplement my research.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVass, Gergely. \"Early Motion-Capture Techniques.\" <i>Computer Graphics World</i> 33.6 (2010): 8-9. <i>Internet and Personal Computing Abstracts</i>. Web. 29 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\n-This article was amazing at discussing animation\'s beginning with reference to Muybridge and Marey, discussing their contributions and differing mentalities on animation and photography\'s use. This is where I found the majority of my information and I drew upon this a lot in my comparisons and history of Muybridge\'s life works.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','The Horse (and the world) in Motion by Eadweard Muybridge','','inherit','open','open','','3547-revision-v1','','','2013-11-04 12:44:23','2013-11-04 18:44:23','',3547,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3548',0,'revision','',0),(3549,76,'2013-11-04 12:44:43','2013-11-04 18:44:43','<i>            Sallie Gardner at a</i> <i>Gallop </i>or <i>Horse in Motion</i> by Eadweard Muybridge is a short series of photographs of a horse at a trot taken in 1878.  The image of a moving horse was made by the quick succession of 24 photographs and a “special electrical trigger mechanism” and processing techniques allowing the photographs to be viewed quickly to provide the viewer with the illusion of movement (Vass). Commissioned by Leland Stanford, a wealthy Californian businessman, the work was the result of a long-standing question of whether a horse left the ground at any point in a gallop. Pictures had been painted of a horses outstretched and free from the ground, which was a misconception of their movement but still true to what Muybridge had proven with his photographs: horses do indeed leave the ground in full motion (Vass). Other of Muybridge\'s contemporaries pioneered in the field of animation as well, but took more of a scientific approach, such as Etienne-Jules Marey, whereas Muybridge worked more for the sake of the art and beauty of his subjects. As a pioneer piece of animation\'s early history, this work should be preserved because of the impact it had on the future of animation techniques and technology.<!--more-->\r\n\r\nAmerica in the late 19<sup>th</sup> century, where Muybridge was commissioned, was in the Reconstruction period after the Civil War. This was a time when the empowered federal government, after having preserved the union of the country, sought to repair the damages done to war-torn regions (Foner). The economies of America and Europe in the 19<sup>th</sup> century were advancing rapidly during industrialization where miles of railway tracks stretched across both continents. Colonialism was still in effect as European rule stretched beyond Europe\'s borders as, by 1900, “all of Africa, save Ethiopia and Liberia, had been carved up by European powers” (Fiero).  During Muybridge\'s lifetime, a war between China and Britain commenced over the importation of British opium into China\'s borders. Despite efforts to halt the importation of the drug into China, British merchants persisted causing the notorious Opium Wars, which “brought China to its knees” (Fiero).\r\n\r\nIn Muybridge\'s time, photographs were becoming extremely popular not only in America, but in most of the developed west as an art form and tool for scientific study. One of Muybridge\'s contemporaries, Marey, was dubbed a competitor of Muybridge and sought to perfect his camera apparatus to take more detailed pictures than ever before (Tarr). The subject matter of both photographers’ pieces were generally the same, being of the motion of humans and animals, and both used motion devices to display their pieces (Vass). Once he improved upon his equipment for mobility and he was able to receive more funding for his work, Muybridge traveled the Americas taking photographs of landscapes, animals and people he met in his travels. Photographs became used to take more accurate and breathtaking accounts of the world and Muybridge was a pioneer of the practice, turning 24 simple frames into an art form never viewed by anyone before.\r\n\r\nWhat separates Muybridge\'s work with the <i>Horse in Motion</i> from the basic photography of the day was his camera apparatus and uses of his photographs. He set up a system of trip wires that “fire a series of cameras as a horse went past,” allowing a picture to be seen at all points during the horse\'s trot (Hagen). This system of 24 cameras was a true photographic spectacle and one of clever design as the press watched on to prove that motion could truly be captured by Muybridge\'s contraption. He displayed his final product of wood engravings for the media to print and in a university as the first projection of what could be considered moving pictures (Tarr). His French contemporary Marey decided instead to perfect his capture device boasting a capture rate of his machine at 60 frames per second (Tarr). While Muybridge\'s works were largely for the sake of art and imagery, Marey used his works to study scientifically human and animal motion, publishing his findings in scientific journals rather than offering them to universities and museums (Vass).\r\n\r\nIn the time of its completion, the <i>Horse in Motion </i>garnered praise from the scientific community and the man who commissioned the work, Leland Stanford. Transferred onto newspapers of the time via woodcuts, <i>Scientific American</i> published his works upon completion and later the European journal <i>La Nature</i> (Leslie). Approval in this field was not Muybridge\'s official goal, but more a side effect of having been commissioned by the Californian businessman Leland Stanford. Stanford, upon realizing how positive reception was of Muybridge\'s work, tried to claim the work for him, having published the work “without Muybridge\'s name on the title page” of <i>The Horse in Motion, </i>which featured over “100 drawings and engravings based on [Muybridge\'s] shots” (Leslie). A work not worthy of preservation would not have such influential people on edge over who produced it. This reaction and following events transfer to today, where countless works have been reproduced using Muybridge\'s methods.\r\n\r\nBeing perhaps the most early for of stop-motion animation, <i>The Horse in Motion</i> influenced many techniques that provide entertainment for people today with great success. Pixilation, “where images are taken from varying points of view”, is used in the modern animation series <i>Wallace and Gromit </i>(1989-2009) (Tarr). The use of the pixilation in modern entertainment and amateur animation is very prevalent and reminiscent of Muybridge\'s first work of motion-capture. Reception then and now has differed by means of respect for the work in different terms. In the time of the work\'s beginning, individuals fought to reserve rights over the work and claim it as their own. Now, the work is respected for it\'s method of producing the illusion of moving pictures; numerous works were produced in the 60\'s in 70\'s that recreate Muybridge\'s style, celebrating his method, and providing new subject matter for mass entertainment (Hagen).\r\n\r\nMuybridge\'s work is still regarded as pioneer piece of early animation, as students of animation still learn of his famous piece in their history classes. I was surprised to learn how intricate his apparatus was and that it was setup in front of the press, whose eye was incredibly important to his success. Ironically, I couldn\'t find a picture of his camera apparatus, but the descriptions are telling of how incredible the scene was with 24 cameras flashing in sequence. Today, it doesn\'t take 24 cameras to move a horse on a screen; people carry around in their pockets that ability to capture a section of time to be reviewed endlessly. Animation has come far and without Muybridge, we may be praising another early animator as the leader of this art\'s beginning, Étienne-Jules Marey.\r\n\r\nMarey, while Muybridge was taking thousands of photos of nature and animal movement, was perfecting his own photographic apparatus. Muybridge\'s French counterpart “fitted a rifle with a rapid-shooting camera” and was able to, from a single position, “capture animal locomotion on single frames of film” (Tarr). As mentioned earlier, Marey chose to perfect his motion-capture device, devoting most of his works with a scientific twist since his inspiration was born of a previous affinity for medicine. (Vass). While Muybridge quickly faded into obscurity due to copyright battles and his choice to travel rather than publish, Marey gained popularity by experimenting with animal motion and publishing his findings frequently in scientific journals in France (Vass). Muybridge and Marey are both incredibly important figures to early animation and serve important purposes in establishing the art form. Muybridge emphasized how important the subject matter is to the work, producing hundreds of thousands of photographs of the world around him and those who inhabited it.  Étienne-Jules Marey stressed the ability of his capture device, allowing people to view his limited subjects in ways they never have before. Both of these people, when considered together, synthesized animation to create what the art form is today.\r\n\r\nWith movies becoming increasingly animated by computers, the work of 19<sup>th</sup> century animators is more important than ever. Knowing the history of animation is important for understanding how images have progressed from not only depicting events such as human and animal motion but for modern entertainment as well. Computer animation has dominated movies for children and action movies alike, showing grander images and more interaction with humans than was possible before. The <i>Horse in Motion</i> needs to be preserved as a piece executed by magnificent human ingenuity and a kick-off point for future animators to come.\r\n<p align=\"center\">Works Cited</p>\r\n<p align=\"center\"></p>\r\nFiero, Gloria , and . <i>The Humanistic Tradition Book 3, The European Renaissance, The Reformation, And Global Encounter</i>. 6th. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages, 2010. 10 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\n-Our textbook gave limited information on Muybridge, but gave good insight for historical context and some light basic information on visual arts of the time period.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nFoner, Eric. Give Me Liberty!. Volume 1, An American History. 3<sup>rd</sup> Edition. New York City: W. W. Norton, 2010. Print.\r\n\r\n-The U.S. History textbook always helps with historical context when the subject has to do with America, and since Muybridge moved to America, this was a great help.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHagen, Charles. \"Review/Photography; Eadweard Muybridge Revisited, with Others.\" <i>New York Times </i>Mar 06 1992. <i>ProQuest. </i>Web. 29 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\n-This article was a comparison of early photography and animation professionals with special emphasis on Muybridge as an early master, this article helped me greatly with finding works that were inspired by Muybridge in the 20<sup>th</sup> century.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nLeslie, Mitchell. \"The Man Who Stopped Time.\" <i>Stanford Alumni</i>. May 2001: n. page. Web. 2 Nov. 2013. &lt;http://alumni.stanford.edu/get/page/magazine/article/?article_id=39117&gt;.\r\n\r\n-Being a college paper contribution from a graduate of the university, this report was very in depth on the controversies following the publication of the piece and gave great detail on Muybridge\'s method and life before and after the work.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTarr, Simon, and Paul S. Weiss. \"Very Small Horses: Visualizing Motion At The Nanoscale. \"<i>Leonardo</i> 45.5 (2012): 439-455. <i>Academic Search Complete</i>. Web. 29 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\n-This focused on animation at the nanoscale, a feat only possible by high computing technology today and talked about the physics of what we can see and how subjects move through space. Tarr was majorly focused on the future and analysis of animation, but there was a decent part discussing Muybridge and Marey\'s devices and methods which helped supplement my research.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVass, Gergely. \"Early Motion-Capture Techniques.\" <i>Computer Graphics World</i> 33.6 (2010): 8-9. <i>Internet and Personal Computing Abstracts</i>. Web. 29 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\n-This article was amazing at discussing animation\'s beginning with reference to Muybridge and Marey, discussing their contributions and differing mentalities on animation and photography\'s use. This is where I found the majority of my information and I drew upon this a lot in my comparisons and history of Muybridge\'s life works.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','The Horse (and the World) in Motion','','inherit','open','open','','3547-revision-v1','','','2013-11-04 12:44:43','2013-11-04 18:44:43','',3547,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3549',0,'revision','',0),(3550,86,'2013-11-04 12:54:21','2013-11-04 18:54:21','<p style=\"text-align: center\">V’nai Vazquez</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">The Barber of Seville</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Gioachino Antonio Rossini</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">February 20, 1816</p>\r\n[youtube]<a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8K0xQOMHuU\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8K0xQOMHuU</a>[/youtube]\r\n\r\nThis performance of the play was done in 2010  the Teatro Argentina, Rome, although this video is not cited in the following paper it is more for your enjoyment or to satisfy your curiosity.\r\n\r\nBarber of Seville is an operatic comedy I hope you come to adore it as much as I did while writing this paper. Not only did the writer take a dramatic and at times sad play and turn it into loud over the top comedy, he did it so well it is today even more popular than the original. It is still played across the country on the big and small stage. If anyone is able to write something that is popular for hundreds of years that speaks not only to the talent but to the work as a whole. Barber of Seville by Gioachino Antonio Rossini ought to be preserved because it was the first ever operatic comedy and it paved the way for the future of humor on stage in this form.<!--more-->\r\n<div> It  “was based on a famous play by Beaumarchais and.. Paisiello [who] had already made a successful opera from the story” (Glimmerglass). The story is about Count Almaviva who fell in love with Rosina. He wanted her to love him for his personality and not all his wealth, so he disguised himself as a poor student. Rosina is supposed to marry a Doctor Bartolo, who’s house  she is currently living. Almaviva comes up with a few schemes to attempt to enter Bartolo’s house, because he thinks the only way he can get Rosina to fall in love with him too is by talking with her. Eventually one of his ploys work with the help of Figaro, who is Bartolo’s barber, he gets to talk to Almaviva and they decide to elope. A number of other antics occur in a frantic procession, with much confusion for all parties. Eventually Bartolo, even though he is not sure what is going on, decides to fetch the policy to arrest Almaviva, but by they time he arrives with them in tow Almaviva and Rosina are already married. He blesses them and wishes them a good wedding (Glimmerglass).</div>\r\n<div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nAt the time Barber of Seville was written was during the Romantic era, the hero and the heroine were the center of many art pieces and musical pieces, those pieces also played off of emotion as the driving forces of their subjects. During this era Romantics embraced the creative side of a person, especially those that were the hero of the story. The hero was typically one that stood up against the norm, who had ideas of ways to better society and challenge what has always been. The Romantic era didn’t actually have more heroes than had been before, but there were much more celebrated than ever. Obviously the hero must have someone to love, someone to fight for. Love was the base countless art forms of the time. Individuality was also celebrated as a factor of love. The artists of the time chose to separate themselves from the church , but also defend liberty, they believed in personal freedom and freedom from the institution.\r\n\r\nOpera brought together many types of art forms (the bright colors of the costume was somewhat like painting using specific colors to display a character type, the instrumental part of music, as well as the acting and dance). In Germany, Wagner, who was a composer, helped to break the wall between music and theater. Instead of separating these two elements he used the music to enhance the story and bring the audience further into the story. Barber of Seville was a Baroque style of theater, around the time it was performed it was aimed at the middle class folk, as were much of the other operas of the time. Romantic opera was quite a spectacle, bright colors, overly dramatic acting and flourished costumes. Singing was becoming an art form, a style of entertainment, not just worship confined to the church. Those that performed in the opera’s had to have a true talent and ability to be able to sing the “long, winding melodic lines” (Fiero).\r\n\r\nThe Barber of Seville was typical of it’s era because it was all about the “hero” finding and fighting for true love. Almaviva finds Rosina and he comes up with idea after idea of how he can reach Rosina to tell him how he feels. Almaviva fights through many road blocks because his only goal is to marry her. The music and lyrics of this opera all aligned so perfectly with what was about to explode in other works of it’s time. The music assisted the story’s progression and the lyrics told the story where the normal dialogue paused. Although it was performed in 1816 and this type of work didn’t start occurring until around 1820, it was really a frontman in leading the way for these types of outlandish performances. The amount of vocal ability one needed in order to perform these songs was just the beginning of an entire era of singers who were able to find their voice on stage. Also, it was typical because it was among the first to attract the middle class in droves to the theater. Although Barbiere di Siviglia (1782) had already been popularized by Paisiello, Rossini’s version had a comedic nature which was highly appealing to the middle class audience.\r\n\r\nThis comical and satirical style of operas is known as<i> opera buffa</i>. Since this style was not yet popularized the first night it did horribly, this could have also been due to the fact that Paisiello’s fans went to the theater it’s opening night and booed during the entirety of the performance (Glimmerglass). The second night and every successive performance following it did increasingly well. This was the kick starter for many other opera buffa to take place. The audience gobbled up the humor and dramatic, frantic performance displayed, they loved the humor. This was unusual for the opera was a place for the wealthy, starting with The Barber of Seville it seems the floodgates for the middle class opened up and they became the predominate class for the audience.\r\n\r\nAs state previously, this opera on it’s first night did horribly. The actors stuttered through their performance, and although they finished, it was not a pretty sight. Many expected the play would not be performed again. This poor opening is believed to have been caused by fans of Paisiello’s fans, who actually organized the disruption. However, the middle class that saw the play loved it. They really like the upbeat non-stop tempo of the story. Even the songs that burst seemingly from no where kept the audiences attention. The plot of the opera fed into the new Romantic era that was just being introduced as a consistent theme, it was the hero that all were rooting for.\r\n\r\nAccording to Fisher “today it is generally considered the greatest comic masterpiece in the entire operatic canon” (Fisher). It is amazing that two hundreed years later it still remains popular and is still performed by so many around the world. As Fisher says “words evoke thought, but music provokes feelings”, which is a truth that still stands today. Any performance that is accompanied by music is so enhanced to make us feel as though we are riding as a part of the story. In an article written by Christopher Monk just this year praises a performance of The Barber, admiring how it “it’s still as fresh, sparkling and downright hilarious” it is (Monk). The fact that The Barber is still so popular speaks volumes to how well Rossini composed such a thrilling story.\r\n\r\nPersonally I find the play to be a spectacular work. I think it is different than many of the romantic comedies we have all become accustomed to. Although it is love at first sight for Almaviva, leading him into many odd circumstances preventing him from confessing his love, it is so much more than that. The amount of talent those that not only performed the parts, but the vocal strength they needed to make the opera convincing is outstanding. This is not just a play that can be entertaining for young kids, but people of all ages can find the humor in the play at the same time enthralled by the talent of those performing.\r\n\r\nDuring around the same Romantic time ballets also gained popularity. As a comparison to “The Barber of Seville” I will use “Sleeping Beauty”. The Barber of Seville is an opera and Sleeping Beauty is a play. The main character of The Barber is a man and his desire to express his love so the woman of his dreams would marry him. The main character of Sleeping Beauty is a woman who is being pursued by the hero of the story. The Barber is a comedy which has a happy ending, based on the Romantic idea of love fulfilled. Sleeping Beauty is more of a tragedy with Beauty dying before love is exchanged, this points toward the Romantic idea of unrequited love. Both are intriguing and well written plots with exceptional talent needed to truly show off the talent of their writers. (Fiero).\r\n\r\nFuture generations should be aware that this was truly the mark of the beginning of an era of comedy in general. If it were not for this play taking something that was a serious piece and transforming it into the ever popular work it is today, we may never had come into the type of comedy we are used to today. The satirical and comedic driving force of our current times can thank The Barber of Seville for leading the way. This should certainly be preserved because it is not only a wonderful form of entertainment, but it carries historical value along with it.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nFiero, Gloria K. “The Humanistic Tradition.” McGraw Hill. 6th edition. 2013. Web. 24 Oct, 2013.\r\n\r\nThis is the text book used for class. I used this for comparison of a different type of work of the time The Barber was written. I also used it for historical context.\r\n\r\nFisher, Burton D. “Rossini’s The Barber of Seville.” <i>eBook Collection (EBSCOhost)</i>. 2002. Web. Oct 23 2013.\r\n\r\nThis is an eBook that had the play within it, but also had an insightful prelude and commentary about the play. I used this to write on the current as well as past popularity of the play.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n“Giovanni Paisiello (Italian composer)”. <i>Encyclopaedia Britannica</i>. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.  2013. Web. Oct 22, 2013.\r\n\r\nThis is a short article about the life of Paisiello. I used this to find out where The Barber of Seville first gained popularity as well as how this affected Paisiello.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGlimmerglass Opera. “Rossini’s ‘The Barber of Seville’.” <i>NPRMusic</i>. NPR. 15 Aug 2008. Web. 23 Oct 2013.\r\n\r\nThis is an article that gives a summary and a brief history of the opera. This was probably one of the more beneficial articles, that I used to write my own summary and understand the background of the opera.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMonk, Christopher. “The Barber of Seville.” <i>Musical Opinion</i>. English National Opera. 1 May 2013. Web. 24 Oct, 2013.\r\n\r\nThis was a review for a recent performance of the opera. I used it to provide evidence of the popularity of the play even today.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n</div>','The Barber of Seville','','publish','open','open','','the-barber-of-seville','','','2013-11-04 13:10:50','2013-11-04 19:10:50','',0,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3550',0,'post','',6),(3602,77,'2013-11-04 23:06:10','2013-11-05 05:06:10','<p dir=\"ltr\">DaveGargi-TCP3</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Henrik Ibsen’s <em>A Doll’s House</em></strong></p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><b id=\"docs-internal-guid--aa653e6-26a6-c3e7-12b1-f28efc6466d9\"><img class=\"aligncenter\" alt=\"\" src=\"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/EZdFiWjfOtQWx2I_1AuRbCKfXFJNvnMYxnz-WjhygsMl27UB5h3WWuB0w3rbEyZhtIZP5Oh_X1Kq9wYsZEfO1Souw4Ym4twix4VGqnJHIPyhl-G4UhG5iO-9oQ\" width=\"330px;\" height=\"475px;\" />\r\n</b></p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">                                      <a href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0069987/\">http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0069987/</a></p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Henrick Ibsen (1828-1906) was a magnificent playwright, whose post drama’s lead him to be famous for many of his plays such as Ghosts in 1881, An Enemy of the People in 1882, and most importantly, one of his most paramount works, A Doll’s House in 1879. The scandalous 3-act play was one of his most significant works due to that fact that it resembled his own private marriage life. His opinion on having complete equality and freedom between husband and wife reflected entirely upon this dramatic play. Ibsen’s clever ideas about the typical wife during the 1800’s is very on point, until the turns of her lies and deceit bring her into trouble with her husband, knowing the crime she had committed would be a disgrace to her husband and the people closest to her. Throughout the play, Ibsen takes the viewer into the mind of a woman who is “trapped in a man’s world” and tries to hide the crime she has committed, which her untrustworthy manner leads her to the most sacrificial, and ironic decision changing the lives of her family forever. The tasteful twist at the end of this suspenseful play leaves viewers with shock and complete understanding on Ibsen’s views of equality and freedom when Nora (the main character and wife) leaves her husband and family. A Doll’s House is an outrageous and scandalous masterpiece is, “widely considered a landmark in the development of what soon became a highly prevalent genre of theater—realism, which strives to portray life accurately and shuns idealized visions of it” (web.sourceSparkNotes). Ibsen’s realistic style portraying an ordinary family during the 1800’s, and the struggles in everyday life that families have to face sparked a new generation of realism. Ibsen, known as the “father of post drama”, creatively writing about day to day reality in the life of families during this time period. A Doll’s House shows the importance of equality among men and women, and equal rights Ibsen feels the need to express. Ibsen’s many works during this time such as Peer Gynt, and Brand were two of his successful works that helped shape his reputation after the scandalous, A Doll’s House. Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is a classic that turned many heads and was written as a leap of faith, turning the play into a masterpiece showing society equality among man and woman in marriage and civilization, and should be preserved for future generations for it’s bold, daring, and magnificent storyline and magnifying equal rights.<!--more--></p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A Doll’s House is definitely not typical of its era. During the 1800’s, families were seen to have a wife playing her role subject to the dominant figure, her husband. A typical family is a wife under the control and authority of her husband, while taking care of her family, supporting her husband in all of many ways such as Nora did in A Doll’s House. In contrast, the play showed the hardships and the low moral values some families face such as Nora and the lies she’s kept between herself and her husband. During this time, society was seen as something different than it actually played out to be, which Ibsen showed the actual reality that families face. Many reasons this play was a disgrace is because of the true honesty came to light from Nora’s deception, that people during this time couldn’t accept the fact that a woman could commit such a crime and also Nora and her discovery that her gender role was an obstacle to her personal fulfillment causing her to commit a shameful act of leaving her own family. The only thing typical in this play similar to real life during this time was the very beginning of the play; filled with joy of a wife taking care of her husband and home with her children, a joy that most families have during this time. Not considering that, the rest of the drama was scandalous and mouth-dropping to viewers after this play was first performed.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">This prize perfection drama, was more than unusual of its time. Families and society during the 1800’s (the time this play was performed) were nothing more than families facing personal hardships that were kept in personal privacy and to society known as a normal happy family. Ibsen brought out the light from the dark when he wrote this tragedy about a woman refusing to play her “role” as a perfect housewife and mother, showing viewers the real life problems unexceptional people face within their personal lives. Although society refused and did not accept the play very well, it still doesn’t take out the fact of Ibsen’s need for equal rights. Women, especially, during this time were subjected to vanity and obedience under the authority of their husbands, refusing to face their inner unhappiness, just like Nora in A Doll’s House. The crime Nora commits of forgery and the shameful act of leaving her family is completely offensive to families during this time. Ibsen definitely went out of the box and tapped into realism used in his play, and was not afraid to voice his strong opinion of equal rights between men and women.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Unfortunately, during this time of the 1800’s, the play was fiercely seen to sabotage the “true” meaning of a marriage and critics and viewers took offense to the drama. Ibsen’s, A Doll’s House, was frowned upon in the Norwegian society and caused much controversy. “In the Victorian age many women were thought of as mere objects. Most woman has no real social status and were not allowed to express themselves freely” (Holmes). Due to this social standard, A Doll’s House was not received well. In fact, it was such a disgrace to the Norwegian society, that Ibsen and his family was forced to move out of town where he wasn’t so much of frowned upon by writing this imaginative and real play. People were not used to the fact of a untrustworthy housewife, and a criminal of a person who’s merely a common woman of society. Viewers during this century were shocked and annoyed at the fact that a regular, working man of society can have such an imagination and concrete views of society, even though Ibsen only brought out what’s real that actually happen within families regardless if society is accepting of his views. Even though A Doll’s House wasn’t received as a piece of work to be praised of during this time and age, it opened a new world of realism and post drama for people who were accepting of it’s reality.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The perception of this scandalous play is perceived quite well today. “A Doll House brings forth the notion that even if love can be found and marriage ultimately unites both people, there is still a chance that the perception of love in the relationship can be altered or it may never have existed in the first place” (web source). Critics today are shocked that a man during this time had even a thought on equality between men and women, but are accepting of the fact that Ibsen’s bold actions of writing this post dramatic play helped generations during our time mold into what it is today. The only controversy is if Nora really loved Torvald (her husband) in the first place, seeing as that she quickly made the decision to live and fulfill her own happiness. The difference between the perception of the play today as compared to back during the 1800’s, is that most men and women are equal today, as for back then, people perceived women to be objects of vanity to their men, therefore the play consisting of a woman committing a crime and leaving her husband was frowned upon and shameful in society. Although these perceptions are two completely different views, A Doll’s House is considered a timeless classic changing society into what it is today.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">I absolutely love this play. Every single scene is interesting. I am definitely strongly opinionated on the equal rights of women, being a woman myself. This drama shows women not just being a perfect image of being a wife and mother, but it shows how women also during the time period of the 1800’s made mistakes and needed to voice their own opinions and seek to fulfill their own personal happiness. I would watch this play over many times and never it would never get too old. It’s completely remarkable that Ibsen, a man of the 1800’s, had a thought about equality and freedom among society of men and women. I feel that men and women should have control over their own happiness and freedom, and both genders should feel empowered. Nora’s husband was controlling and empowering over her until Nora herself, stood up for herself regardless of society’s input, and left her unhappiness for her personal fulfillment. This play completely shocked me, but was utterly satisfying towards the ending and was intense during the entire production.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">This play specifically compares to the book Flowers in the Mirror by Li Ruzhen. “Throughout his novel, he attempted to reconcile classical Confucianism with Neo-Confucianism and meld traditional values and aesthetics with modern ideas. Li Ruzhen is remembered today as an erudite social critic and early feminist” (web. source eNotes). Ruzhen’s novel is made up of fascinating and imaginative and creative worlds for men and women playing each other’s roles in society. This compares to Ibsen’s play because both author and playwright strive to voice their opinion on freedom and equality among men and women. Unfortunately, also both Ruzhen and Ibsen were criticized for their opinions. Although Ibsen made his opinion more detailed by writing a play about a woman trapped in her misery and marriage, and Ruzhen fantasizing about perfect and equal worlds, both opinions collide and are similar to each other because of the fact that both opinions of both men are equal.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">In contrast, Ruzhen voiced his opinion in a more creative and imaginative way, not showing much realism in his book. Ibsen, however, used a real life scenario and everyday life problems into his play, so the audience can relate to his opinion on equal rights. There isn’t much to contrast, other than what is stated, because both men are strongly opinionated about their views on equal rights among men and women.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ibsen’s, A Doll’s House, is a complete masterpiece and its originality and scandalous story defined a generation as we have today. Wonders like Ibsen helped mold a more equal and free society as the society we live in today. The bold, daring, and charismatic journey in this play is a piece of work that should be of preservation for our future generations, and for them to know the importance of the steps taken to have such an open and equal society compared to the 1800’s. This crazy and ironic play should be allowed for our future people to understand Ibsen’s thoughts and ideas for a perfect and equal civilization for today and for forever.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Works Cited</strong></p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A Doll\'s House. Spark Notes, n.d. Web. 4 Nov. 2013.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>This is where I found a lot of information about the author and his background. Also, I found a lot of information about the play.</strong></p>\r\n<b><b> </b></b>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Urban, William L. Parallel\'s in A Doll\'s House. Ed. Thomas J. Sienkewics and James E. Betts. Monmouth, Illinois: Monmouth College, 1997. N. pag. Web. 4 Nov. 2013.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>This is where I found a lot of information about the play. I also found how it was perceived back then.</strong></p>\r\n<b><b> </b></b>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\"A Doll\'s House: Nora Perceived by Other Characters\" StudyMode.com. 10 1999. 1999. 10 1999</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>I found a lot of today’s perception. I also found contrasts of today’s perception, and back then.</strong></p>\r\n<b><b> </b></b>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The Perception of Lovers- William Shakespeare’s \"A Midsummer Night’s Dream\" and Henrik Ibsen\'s \"A Doll House. N.p., n.d.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>I again, found a lot of today’s perception. And back then.</strong></p>\r\n<b><b> </b></b>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\"Introduction\" Nineteenth-Century Literary Criticism Ed. Lynn M. Zott. Vol. 134. Gale Cengage 2004 eNotes.com 14 Oct, 2013</p>\r\n<b id=\"docs-internal-guid--aa653e6-26a5-f4bf-3496-2615a550973c\">I found information on the compare and contrasts I did. And also about Ruzhen.</b>','A Doll\'s House','','publish','open','open','','3602','','','2013-11-04 23:12:36','2013-11-05 05:12:36','',0,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3602',0,'post','',10),(3604,1,'2013-11-04 23:10:01','2013-11-05 05:10:01','<p dir=\"ltr\">DaveGargi-TCP3</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Henrik Ibsen’s <em>A Doll’s House</em></strong></p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><b id=\"docs-internal-guid--aa653e6-26a6-c3e7-12b1-f28efc6466d9\"><img class=\"aligncenter\" alt=\"\" src=\"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/EZdFiWjfOtQWx2I_1AuRbCKfXFJNvnMYxnz-WjhygsMl27UB5h3WWuB0w3rbEyZhtIZP5Oh_X1Kq9wYsZEfO1Souw4Ym4twix4VGqnJHIPyhl-G4UhG5iO-9oQ\" width=\"330px;\" height=\"475px;\" />\r\n</b></p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">                                      <a href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0069987/\">http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0069987/</a></p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Henrick Ibsen (1828-1906) was a magnificent playwright, whose post drama’s lead him to be famous for many of his plays such as Ghosts in 1881, An Enemy of the People in 1882, and most importantly, one of his most paramount works, A Doll’s House in 1879. The scandalous 3-act play was one of his most significant works due to that fact that it resembled his own private marriage life. His opinion on having complete equality and freedom between husband and wife reflected entirely upon this dramatic play. Ibsen’s clever ideas about the typical wife during the 1800’s is very on point, until the turns of her lies and deceit bring her into trouble with her husband, knowing the crime she had committed would be a disgrace to her husband and the people closest to her. Throughout the play, Ibsen takes the viewer into the mind of a woman who is “trapped in a man’s world” and tries to hide the crime she has committed, which her untrustworthy manner leads her to the most sacrificial, and ironic decision changing the lives of her family forever. The tasteful twist at the end of this suspenseful play leaves viewers with shock and complete understanding on Ibsen’s views of equality and freedom when Nora (the main character and wife) leaves her husband and family. A Doll’s House is an outrageous and scandalous masterpiece is, “widely considered a landmark in the development of what soon became a highly prevalent genre of theater—realism, which strives to portray life accurately and shuns idealized visions of it” (web.sourceSparkNotes). Ibsen’s realistic style portraying an ordinary family during the 1800’s, and the struggles in everyday life that families have to face sparked a new generation of realism. Ibsen, known as the “father of post drama”, creatively writing about day to day reality in the life of families during this time period. A Doll’s House shows the importance of equality among men and women, and equal rights Ibsen feels the need to express. Ibsen’s many works during this time such as Peer Gynt, and Brand were two of his successful works that helped shape his reputation after the scandalous, A Doll’s House. Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is a classic that turned many heads and was written as a leap of faith, turning the play into a masterpiece showing society equality among man and woman in marriage and civilization, and should be preserved for future generations for it’s bold, daring, and magnificent storyline and magnifying equal rights.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A Doll’s House is definitely not typical of its era. During the 1800’s, families were seen to have a wife playing her role subject to the dominant figure, her husband. A typical family is a wife under the control and authority of her husband, while taking care of her family, supporting her husband in all of many ways such as Nora did in A Doll’s House. In contrast, the play showed the hardships and the low moral values some families face such as Nora and the lies she’s kept between herself and her husband. During this time, society was seen as something different than it actually played out to be, which Ibsen showed the actual reality that families face. Many reasons this play was a disgrace is because of the true honesty came to light from Nora’s deception, that people during this time couldn’t accept the fact that a woman could commit such a crime and also Nora and her discovery that her gender role was an obstacle to her personal fulfillment causing her to commit a shameful act of leaving her own family. The only thing typical in this play similar to real life during this time was the very beginning of the play; filled with joy of a wife taking care of her husband and home with her children, a joy that most families have during this time. Not considering that, the rest of the drama was scandalous and mouth-dropping to viewers after this play was first performed.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">This prize perfection drama, was more than unusual of its time. Families and society during the 1800’s (the time this play was performed) were nothing more than families facing personal hardships that were kept in personal privacy and to society known as a normal happy family. Ibsen brought out the light from the dark when he wrote this tragedy about a woman refusing to play her “role” as a perfect housewife and mother, showing viewers the real life problems unexceptional people face within their personal lives. Although society refused and did not accept the play very well, it still doesn’t take out the fact of Ibsen’s need for equal rights. Women, especially, during this time were subjected to vanity and obedience under the authority of their husbands, refusing to face their inner unhappiness, just like Nora in A Doll’s House. The crime Nora commits of forgery and the shameful act of leaving her family is completely offensive to families during this time. Ibsen definitely went out of the box and tapped into realism used in his play, and was not afraid to voice his strong opinion of equal rights between men and women.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Unfortunately, during this time of the 1800’s, the play was fiercely seen to sabotage the “true” meaning of a marriage and critics and viewers took offense to the drama. Ibsen’s, A Doll’s House, was frowned upon in the Norwegian society and caused much controversy. “In the Victorian age many women were thought of as mere objects. Most woman has no real social status and were not allowed to express themselves freely” (Holmes). Due to this social standard, A Doll’s House was not received well. In fact, it was such a disgrace to the Norwegian society, that Ibsen and his family was forced to move out of town where he wasn’t so much of frowned upon by writing this imaginative and real play. People were not used to the fact of a untrustworthy housewife, and a criminal of a person who’s merely a common woman of society. Viewers during this century were shocked and annoyed at the fact that a regular, working man of society can have such an imagination and concrete views of society, even though Ibsen only brought out what’s real that actually happen within families regardless if society is accepting of his views. Even though A Doll’s House wasn’t received as a piece of work to be praised of during this time and age, it opened a new world of realism and post drama for people who were accepting of it’s reality.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The perception of this scandalous play is perceived quite well today. “A Doll House brings forth the notion that even if love can be found and marriage ultimately unites both people, there is still a chance that the perception of love in the relationship can be altered or it may never have existed in the first place” (web source). Critics today are shocked that a man during this time had even a thought on equality between men and women, but are accepting of the fact that Ibsen’s bold actions of writing this post dramatic play helped generations during our time mold into what it is today. The only controversy is if Nora really loved Torvald (her husband) in the first place, seeing as that she quickly made the decision to live and fulfill her own happiness. The difference between the perception of the play today as compared to back during the 1800’s, is that most men and women are equal today, as for back then, people perceived women to be objects of vanity to their men, therefore the play consisting of a woman committing a crime and leaving her husband was frowned upon and shameful in society. Although these perceptions are two completely different views, A Doll’s House is considered a timeless classic changing society into what it is today.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">I absolutely love this play. Every single scene is interesting. I am definitely strongly opinionated on the equal rights of women, being a woman myself. This drama shows women not just being a perfect image of being a wife and mother, but it shows how women also during the time period of the 1800’s made mistakes and needed to voice their own opinions and seek to fulfill their own personal happiness. I would watch this play over many times and never it would never get too old. It’s completely remarkable that Ibsen, a man of the 1800’s, had a thought about equality and freedom among society of men and women. I feel that men and women should have control over their own happiness and freedom, and both genders should feel empowered. Nora’s husband was controlling and empowering over her until Nora herself, stood up for herself regardless of society’s input, and left her unhappiness for her personal fulfillment. This play completely shocked me, but was utterly satisfying towards the ending and was intense during the entire production.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">This play specifically compares to the book Flowers in the Mirror by Li Ruzhen. “Throughout his novel, he attempted to reconcile classical Confucianism with Neo-Confucianism and meld traditional values and aesthetics with modern ideas. Li Ruzhen is remembered today as an erudite social critic and early feminist” (web. source eNotes). Ruzhen’s novel is made up of fascinating and imaginative and creative worlds for men and women playing each other’s roles in society. This compares to Ibsen’s play because both author and playwright strive to voice their opinion on freedom and equality among men and women. Unfortunately, also both Ruzhen and Ibsen were criticized for their opinions. Although Ibsen made his opinion more detailed by writing a play about a woman trapped in her misery and marriage, and Ruzhen fantasizing about perfect and equal worlds, both opinions collide and are similar to each other because of the fact that both opinions of both men are equal.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">In contrast, Ruzhen voiced his opinion in a more creative and imaginative way, not showing much realism in his book. Ibsen, however, used a real life scenario and everyday life problems into his play, so the audience can relate to his opinion on equal rights. There isn’t much to contrast, other than what is stated, because both men are strongly opinionated about their views on equal rights among men and women.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ibsen’s, A Doll’s House, is a complete masterpiece and its originality and scandalous story defined a generation as we have today. Wonders like Ibsen helped mold a more equal and free society as the society we live in today. The bold, daring, and charismatic journey in this play is a piece of work that should be of preservation for our future generations, and for them to know the importance of the steps taken to have such an open and equal society compared to the 1800’s. This crazy and ironic play should be allowed for our future people to understand Ibsen’s thoughts and ideas for a perfect and equal civilization for today and for forever.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Works Cited</strong></p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A Doll\'s House. Spark Notes, n.d. Web. 4 Nov. 2013.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>This is where I found a lot of information about the author and his background. Also, I found a lot of information about the play.</strong></p>\r\n<b><b> </b></b>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Urban, William L. Parallel\'s in A Doll\'s House. Ed. Thomas J. Sienkewics and James E. Betts. Monmouth, Illinois: Monmouth College, 1997. N. pag. Web. 4 Nov. 2013.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>This is where I found a lot of information about the play. I also found how it was perceived back then.</strong></p>\r\n<b><b> </b></b>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\"A Doll\'s House: Nora Perceived by Other Characters\" StudyMode.com. 10 1999. 1999. 10 1999</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>I found a lot of today’s perception. I also found contrasts of today’s perception, and back then.</strong></p>\r\n<b><b> </b></b>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The Perception of Lovers- William Shakespeare’s \"A Midsummer Night’s Dream\" and Henrik Ibsen\'s \"A Doll House. N.p., n.d.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>I again, found a lot of today’s perception. And back then.</strong></p>\r\n<b><b> </b></b>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\"Introduction\" Nineteenth-Century Literary Criticism Ed. Lynn M. Zott. Vol. 134. Gale Cengage 2004 eNotes.com 14 Oct, 2013</p>\r\n<b id=\"docs-internal-guid--aa653e6-26a5-f4bf-3496-2615a550973c\">I found information on the compare and contrasts I did. And also about Ruzhen.</b>','','','inherit','open','open','','3602-revision-v1','','','2013-11-04 23:10:01','2013-11-05 05:10:01','',3602,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3604',0,'revision','',0),(3603,77,'2013-11-04 23:06:10','2013-11-05 05:06:10','<p dir=\"ltr\">DaveGargi-TCP3</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Henrik Ibsen’s <em>A Doll’s House</em></strong></p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"></p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><b id=\"docs-internal-guid--aa653e6-26a6-c3e7-12b1-f28efc6466d9\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/EZdFiWjfOtQWx2I_1AuRbCKfXFJNvnMYxnz-WjhygsMl27UB5h3WWuB0w3rbEyZhtIZP5Oh_X1Kq9wYsZEfO1Souw4Ym4twix4VGqnJHIPyhl-G4UhG5iO-9oQ\" width=\"330px;\" height=\"475px;\" />\r\n</b></p>\r\n<b><b> </b></b>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">                                      <a href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0069987/\">http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0069987/</a></p>\r\n<b><b>\r\n\r\n</b></b>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Henrick Ibsen (1828-1906) was a magnificent playwright, whose post drama’s lead him to be famous for many of his plays such as Ghosts in 1881, An Enemy of the People in 1882, and most importantly, one of his most paramount works, A Doll’s House in 1879. The scandalous 3-act play was one of his most significant works due to that fact that it resembled his own private marriage life. His opinion on having complete equality and freedom between husband and wife reflected entirely upon this dramatic play. Ibsen’s clever ideas about the typical wife during the 1800’s is very on point, until the turns of her lies and deceit bring her into trouble with her husband, knowing the crime she had committed would be a disgrace to her husband and the people closest to her. Throughout the play, Ibsen takes the viewer into the mind of a woman who is “trapped in a man’s world” and tries to hide the crime she has committed, which her untrustworthy manner leads her to the most sacrificial, and ironic decision changing the lives of her family forever. The tasteful twist at the end of this suspenseful play leaves viewers with shock and complete understanding on Ibsen’s views of equality and freedom when Nora (the main character and wife) leaves her husband and family. A Doll’s House is an outrageous and scandalous masterpiece is, “widely considered a landmark in the development of what soon became a highly prevalent genre of theater—realism, which strives to portray life accurately and shuns idealized visions of it” (web.sourceSparkNotes). Ibsen’s realistic style portraying an ordinary family during the 1800’s, and the struggles in everyday life that families have to face sparked a new generation of realism. Ibsen, known as the “father of post drama”, creatively writing about day to day reality in the life of families during this time period. A Doll’s House shows the importance of equality among men and women, and equal rights Ibsen feels the need to express. Ibsen’s many works during this time such as Peer Gynt, and Brand were two of his successful works that helped shape his reputation after the scandalous, A Doll’s House. Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is a classic that turned many heads and was written as a leap of faith, turning the play into a masterpiece showing society equality among man and woman in marriage and civilization, and should be preserved for future generations for it’s bold, daring, and magnificent storyline and magnifying equal rights.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A Doll’s House is definitely not typical of its era. During the 1800’s, families were seen to have a wife playing her role subject to the dominant figure, her husband. A typical family is a wife under the control and authority of her husband, while taking care of her family, supporting her husband in all of many ways such as Nora did in A Doll’s House. In contrast, the play showed the hardships and the low moral values some families face such as Nora and the lies she’s kept between herself and her husband. During this time, society was seen as something different than it actually played out to be, which Ibsen showed the actual reality that families face. Many reasons this play was a disgrace is because of the true honesty came to light from Nora’s deception, that people during this time couldn’t accept the fact that a woman could commit such a crime and also Nora and her discovery that her gender role was an obstacle to her personal fulfillment causing her to commit a shameful act of leaving her own family. The only thing typical in this play similar to real life during this time was the very beginning of the play; filled with joy of a wife taking care of her husband and home with her children, a joy that most families have during this time. Not considering that, the rest of the drama was scandalous and mouth-dropping to viewers after this play was first performed.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">This prize perfection drama, was more than unusual of its time. Families and society during the 1800’s (the time this play was performed) were nothing more than families facing personal hardships that were kept in personal privacy and to society known as a normal happy family. Ibsen brought out the light from the dark when he wrote this tragedy about a woman refusing to play her “role” as a perfect housewife and mother, showing viewers the real life problems unexceptional people face within their personal lives. Although society refused and did not accept the play very well, it still doesn’t take out the fact of Ibsen’s need for equal rights. Women, especially, during this time were subjected to vanity and obedience under the authority of their husbands, refusing to face their inner unhappiness, just like Nora in A Doll’s House. The crime Nora commits of forgery and the shameful act of leaving her family is completely offensive to families during this time. Ibsen definitely went out of the box and tapped into realism used in his play, and was not afraid to voice his strong opinion of equal rights between men and women.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Unfortunately, during this time of the 1800’s, the play was fiercely seen to sabotage the “true” meaning of a marriage and critics and viewers took offense to the drama. Ibsen’s, A Doll’s House, was frowned upon in the Norwegian society and caused much controversy. “In the Victorian age many women were thought of as mere objects. Most woman has no real social status and were not allowed to express themselves freely” (Holmes). Due to this social standard, A Doll’s House was not received well. In fact, it was such a disgrace to the Norwegian society, that Ibsen and his family was forced to move out of town where he wasn’t so much of frowned upon by writing this imaginative and real play. People were not used to the fact of a untrustworthy housewife, and a criminal of a person who’s merely a common woman of society. Viewers during this century were shocked and annoyed at the fact that a regular, working man of society can have such an imagination and concrete views of society, even though Ibsen only brought out what’s real that actually happen within families regardless if society is accepting of his views. Even though A Doll’s House wasn’t received as a piece of work to be praised of during this time and age, it opened a new world of realism and post drama for people who were accepting of it’s reality.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The perception of this scandalous play is perceived quite well today. “A Doll House brings forth the notion that even if love can be found and marriage ultimately unites both people, there is still a chance that the perception of love in the relationship can be altered or it may never have existed in the first place” (web source). Critics today are shocked that a man during this time had even a thought on equality between men and women, but are accepting of the fact that Ibsen’s bold actions of writing this post dramatic play helped generations during our time mold into what it is today. The only controversy is if Nora really loved Torvald (her husband) in the first place, seeing as that she quickly made the decision to live and fulfill her own happiness. The difference between the perception of the play today as compared to back during the 1800’s, is that most men and women are equal today, as for back then, people perceived women to be objects of vanity to their men, therefore the play consisting of a woman committing a crime and leaving her husband was frowned upon and shameful in society. Although these perceptions are two completely different views, A Doll’s House is considered a timeless classic changing society into what it is today.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">I absolutely love this play. Every single scene is interesting. I am definitely strongly opinionated on the equal rights of women, being a woman myself. This drama shows women not just being a perfect image of being a wife and mother, but it shows how women also during the time period of the 1800’s made mistakes and needed to voice their own opinions and seek to fulfill their own personal happiness. I would watch this play over many times and never it would never get too old. It’s completely remarkable that Ibsen, a man of the 1800’s, had a thought about equality and freedom among society of men and women. I feel that men and women should have control over their own happiness and freedom, and both genders should feel empowered. Nora’s husband was controlling and empowering over her until Nora herself, stood up for herself regardless of society’s input, and left her unhappiness for her personal fulfillment. This play completely shocked me, but was utterly satisfying towards the ending and was intense during the entire production.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">This play specifically compares to the book Flowers in the Mirror by Li Ruzhen. “Throughout his novel, he attempted to reconcile classical Confucianism with Neo-Confucianism and meld traditional values and aesthetics with modern ideas. Li Ruzhen is remembered today as an erudite social critic and early feminist” (web. source eNotes). Ruzhen’s novel is made up of fascinating and imaginative and creative worlds for men and women playing each other’s roles in society. This compares to Ibsen’s play because both author and playwright strive to voice their opinion on freedom and equality among men and women. Unfortunately, also both Ruzhen and Ibsen were criticized for their opinions. Although Ibsen made his opinion more detailed by writing a play about a woman trapped in her misery and marriage, and Ruzhen fantasizing about perfect and equal worlds, both opinions collide and are similar to each other because of the fact that both opinions of both men are equal.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">In contrast, Ruzhen voiced his opinion in a more creative and imaginative way, not showing much realism in his book. Ibsen, however, used a real life scenario and everyday life problems into his play, so the audience can relate to his opinion on equal rights. There isn’t much to contrast, other than what is stated, because both men are strongly opinionated about their views on equal rights among men and women.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ibsen’s, A Doll’s House, is a complete masterpiece and its originality and scandalous story defined a generation as we have today. Wonders like Ibsen helped mold a more equal and free society as the society we live in today. The bold, daring, and charismatic journey in this play is a piece of work that should be of preservation for our future generations, and for them to know the importance of the steps taken to have such an open and equal society compared to the 1800’s. This crazy and ironic play should be allowed for our future people to understand Ibsen’s thoughts and ideas for a perfect and equal civilization for today and for forever.</p>\r\n<b><b>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n</b></b>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Works Cited</strong></p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A Doll\'s House. Spark Notes, n.d. Web. 4 Nov. 2013.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>This is where I found a lot of information about the author and his background. Also, I found a lot of information about the play.</strong></p>\r\n<b><b> </b></b>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Urban, William L. Parallel\'s in A Doll\'s House. Ed. Thomas J. Sienkewics and James E. Betts. Monmouth, Illinois: Monmouth College, 1997. N. pag. Web. 4 Nov. 2013.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>This is where I found a lot of information about the play. I also found how it was perceived back then.</strong></p>\r\n<b><b> </b></b>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\"A Doll\'s House: Nora Perceived by Other Characters\" StudyMode.com. 10 1999. 1999. 10 1999</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>I found a lot of today’s perception. I also found contrasts of today’s perception, and back then.</strong></p>\r\n<b><b> </b></b>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The Perception of Lovers- William Shakespeare’s \"A Midsummer Night’s Dream\" and Henrik Ibsen\'s \"A Doll House. N.p., n.d.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>I again, found a lot of today’s perception. And back then.</strong></p>\r\n<b><b> </b></b>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\"Introduction\" Nineteenth-Century Literary Criticism Ed. Lynn M. Zott. Vol. 134. Gale Cengage 2004 eNotes.com 14 Oct, 2013</p>\r\n<b id=\"docs-internal-guid--aa653e6-26a5-f4bf-3496-2615a550973c\">I found information on the compare and contrasts I did. And also about Ruzhen.</b>','','','inherit','open','open','','3602-revision-v1','','','2013-11-04 23:06:10','2013-11-05 05:06:10','',3602,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3603',0,'revision','',0),(3605,1,'2013-11-04 23:10:18','2013-11-05 05:10:18','<p dir=\"ltr\">DaveGargi-TCP3</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Henrik Ibsen’s <em>A Doll’s House</em></strong></p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><b id=\"docs-internal-guid--aa653e6-26a6-c3e7-12b1-f28efc6466d9\"><img class=\"aligncenter\" alt=\"\" src=\"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/EZdFiWjfOtQWx2I_1AuRbCKfXFJNvnMYxnz-WjhygsMl27UB5h3WWuB0w3rbEyZhtIZP5Oh_X1Kq9wYsZEfO1Souw4Ym4twix4VGqnJHIPyhl-G4UhG5iO-9oQ\" width=\"330px;\" height=\"475px;\" />\r\n</b></p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">                                      <a href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0069987/\">http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0069987/</a></p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Henrick Ibsen (1828-1906) was a magnificent playwright, whose post drama’s lead him to be famous for many of his plays such as Ghosts in 1881, An Enemy of the People in 1882, and most importantly, one of his most paramount works, A Doll’s House in 1879. The scandalous 3-act play was one of his most significant works due to that fact that it resembled his own private marriage life. His opinion on having complete equality and freedom between husband and wife reflected entirely upon this dramatic play. Ibsen’s clever ideas about the typical wife during the 1800’s is very on point, until the turns of her lies and deceit bring her into trouble with her husband, knowing the crime she had committed would be a disgrace to her husband and the people closest to her. Throughout the play, Ibsen takes the viewer into the mind of a woman who is “trapped in a man’s world” and tries to hide the crime she has committed, which her untrustworthy manner leads her to the most sacrificial, and ironic decision changing the lives of her family forever. The tasteful twist at the end of this suspenseful play leaves viewers with shock and complete understanding on Ibsen’s views of equality and freedom when Nora (the main character and wife) leaves her husband and family. A Doll’s House is an outrageous and scandalous masterpiece is, “widely considered a landmark in the development of what soon became a highly prevalent genre of theater—realism, which strives to portray life accurately and shuns idealized visions of it” (web.sourceSparkNotes). Ibsen’s realistic style portraying an ordinary family during the 1800’s, and the struggles in everyday life that families have to face sparked a new generation of realism. Ibsen, known as the “father of post drama”, creatively writing about day to day reality in the life of families during this time period. A Doll’s House shows the importance of equality among men and women, and equal rights Ibsen feels the need to express. Ibsen’s many works during this time such as Peer Gynt, and Brand were two of his successful works that helped shape his reputation after the scandalous, A Doll’s House. Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is a classic that turned many heads and was written as a leap of faith, turning the play into a masterpiece showing society equality among man and woman in marriage and civilization, and should be preserved for future generations for it’s bold, daring, and magnificent storyline and magnifying equal rights.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A Doll’s House is definitely not typical of its era. During the 1800’s, families were seen to have a wife playing her role subject to the dominant figure, her husband. A typical family is a wife under the control and authority of her husband, while taking care of her family, supporting her husband in all of many ways such as Nora did in A Doll’s House. In contrast, the play showed the hardships and the low moral values some families face such as Nora and the lies she’s kept between herself and her husband. During this time, society was seen as something different than it actually played out to be, which Ibsen showed the actual reality that families face. Many reasons this play was a disgrace is because of the true honesty came to light from Nora’s deception, that people during this time couldn’t accept the fact that a woman could commit such a crime and also Nora and her discovery that her gender role was an obstacle to her personal fulfillment causing her to commit a shameful act of leaving her own family. The only thing typical in this play similar to real life during this time was the very beginning of the play; filled with joy of a wife taking care of her husband and home with her children, a joy that most families have during this time. Not considering that, the rest of the drama was scandalous and mouth-dropping to viewers after this play was first performed.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">This prize perfection drama, was more than unusual of its time. Families and society during the 1800’s (the time this play was performed) were nothing more than families facing personal hardships that were kept in personal privacy and to society known as a normal happy family. Ibsen brought out the light from the dark when he wrote this tragedy about a woman refusing to play her “role” as a perfect housewife and mother, showing viewers the real life problems unexceptional people face within their personal lives. Although society refused and did not accept the play very well, it still doesn’t take out the fact of Ibsen’s need for equal rights. Women, especially, during this time were subjected to vanity and obedience under the authority of their husbands, refusing to face their inner unhappiness, just like Nora in A Doll’s House. The crime Nora commits of forgery and the shameful act of leaving her family is completely offensive to families during this time. Ibsen definitely went out of the box and tapped into realism used in his play, and was not afraid to voice his strong opinion of equal rights between men and women.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Unfortunately, during this time of the 1800’s, the play was fiercely seen to sabotage the “true” meaning of a marriage and critics and viewers took offense to the drama. Ibsen’s, A Doll’s House, was frowned upon in the Norwegian society and caused much controversy. “In the Victorian age many women were thought of as mere objects. Most woman has no real social status and were not allowed to express themselves freely” (Holmes). Due to this social standard, A Doll’s House was not received well. In fact, it was such a disgrace to the Norwegian society, that Ibsen and his family was forced to move out of town where he wasn’t so much of frowned upon by writing this imaginative and real play. People were not used to the fact of a untrustworthy housewife, and a criminal of a person who’s merely a common woman of society. Viewers during this century were shocked and annoyed at the fact that a regular, working man of society can have such an imagination and concrete views of society, even though Ibsen only brought out what’s real that actually happen within families regardless if society is accepting of his views. Even though A Doll’s House wasn’t received as a piece of work to be praised of during this time and age, it opened a new world of realism and post drama for people who were accepting of it’s reality.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The perception of this scandalous play is perceived quite well today. “A Doll House brings forth the notion that even if love can be found and marriage ultimately unites both people, there is still a chance that the perception of love in the relationship can be altered or it may never have existed in the first place” (web source). Critics today are shocked that a man during this time had even a thought on equality between men and women, but are accepting of the fact that Ibsen’s bold actions of writing this post dramatic play helped generations during our time mold into what it is today. The only controversy is if Nora really loved Torvald (her husband) in the first place, seeing as that she quickly made the decision to live and fulfill her own happiness. The difference between the perception of the play today as compared to back during the 1800’s, is that most men and women are equal today, as for back then, people perceived women to be objects of vanity to their men, therefore the play consisting of a woman committing a crime and leaving her husband was frowned upon and shameful in society. Although these perceptions are two completely different views, A Doll’s House is considered a timeless classic changing society into what it is today.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">I absolutely love this play. Every single scene is interesting. I am definitely strongly opinionated on the equal rights of women, being a woman myself. This drama shows women not just being a perfect image of being a wife and mother, but it shows how women also during the time period of the 1800’s made mistakes and needed to voice their own opinions and seek to fulfill their own personal happiness. I would watch this play over many times and never it would never get too old. It’s completely remarkable that Ibsen, a man of the 1800’s, had a thought about equality and freedom among society of men and women. I feel that men and women should have control over their own happiness and freedom, and both genders should feel empowered. Nora’s husband was controlling and empowering over her until Nora herself, stood up for herself regardless of society’s input, and left her unhappiness for her personal fulfillment. This play completely shocked me, but was utterly satisfying towards the ending and was intense during the entire production.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">This play specifically compares to the book Flowers in the Mirror by Li Ruzhen. “Throughout his novel, he attempted to reconcile classical Confucianism with Neo-Confucianism and meld traditional values and aesthetics with modern ideas. Li Ruzhen is remembered today as an erudite social critic and early feminist” (web. source eNotes). Ruzhen’s novel is made up of fascinating and imaginative and creative worlds for men and women playing each other’s roles in society. This compares to Ibsen’s play because both author and playwright strive to voice their opinion on freedom and equality among men and women. Unfortunately, also both Ruzhen and Ibsen were criticized for their opinions. Although Ibsen made his opinion more detailed by writing a play about a woman trapped in her misery and marriage, and Ruzhen fantasizing about perfect and equal worlds, both opinions collide and are similar to each other because of the fact that both opinions of both men are equal.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">In contrast, Ruzhen voiced his opinion in a more creative and imaginative way, not showing much realism in his book. Ibsen, however, used a real life scenario and everyday life problems into his play, so the audience can relate to his opinion on equal rights. There isn’t much to contrast, other than what is stated, because both men are strongly opinionated about their views on equal rights among men and women.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ibsen’s, A Doll’s House, is a complete masterpiece and its originality and scandalous story defined a generation as we have today. Wonders like Ibsen helped mold a more equal and free society as the society we live in today. The bold, daring, and charismatic journey in this play is a piece of work that should be of preservation for our future generations, and for them to know the importance of the steps taken to have such an open and equal society compared to the 1800’s. This crazy and ironic play should be allowed for our future people to understand Ibsen’s thoughts and ideas for a perfect and equal civilization for today and for forever.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Works Cited</strong></p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A Doll\'s House. Spark Notes, n.d. Web. 4 Nov. 2013.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>This is where I found a lot of information about the author and his background. Also, I found a lot of information about the play.</strong></p>\r\n<b><b> </b></b>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Urban, William L. Parallel\'s in A Doll\'s House. Ed. Thomas J. Sienkewics and James E. Betts. Monmouth, Illinois: Monmouth College, 1997. N. pag. Web. 4 Nov. 2013.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>This is where I found a lot of information about the play. I also found how it was perceived back then.</strong></p>\r\n<b><b> </b></b>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\"A Doll\'s House: Nora Perceived by Other Characters\" StudyMode.com. 10 1999. 1999. 10 1999</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>I found a lot of today’s perception. I also found contrasts of today’s perception, and back then.</strong></p>\r\n<b><b> </b></b>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The Perception of Lovers- William Shakespeare’s \"A Midsummer Night’s Dream\" and Henrik Ibsen\'s \"A Doll House. N.p., n.d.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>I again, found a lot of today’s perception. And back then.</strong></p>\r\n<b><b> </b></b>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\"Introduction\" Nineteenth-Century Literary Criticism Ed. Lynn M. Zott. Vol. 134. Gale Cengage 2004 eNotes.com 14 Oct, 2013</p>\r\n<b id=\"docs-internal-guid--aa653e6-26a5-f4bf-3496-2615a550973c\">I found information on the compare and contrasts I did. And also about Ruzhen.</b>','A Doll\'s House','','inherit','open','open','','3602-revision-v1','','','2013-11-04 23:10:18','2013-11-05 05:10:18','',3602,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3605',0,'revision','',0),(3606,1,'2013-11-04 23:11:21','2013-11-05 05:11:21','<p dir=\"ltr\">DaveGargi-TCP3</p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Henrik Ibsen’s <em>A Doll’s House</em></strong></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><b id=\"docs-internal-guid--aa653e6-26a6-c3e7-12b1-f28efc6466d9\"><img class=\"aligncenter\" alt=\"\" src=\"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/EZdFiWjfOtQWx2I_1AuRbCKfXFJNvnMYxnz-WjhygsMl27UB5h3WWuB0w3rbEyZhtIZP5Oh_X1Kq9wYsZEfO1Souw4Ym4twix4VGqnJHIPyhl-G4UhG5iO-9oQ\" width=\"330px;\" height=\"475px;\" />\n</b></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">                                      <a href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0069987/\">http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0069987/</a></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Henrick Ibsen (1828-1906) was a magnificent playwright, whose post drama’s lead him to be famous for many of his plays such as Ghosts in 1881, An Enemy of the People in 1882, and most importantly, one of his most paramount works, A Doll’s House in 1879. The scandalous 3-act play was one of his most significant works due to that fact that it resembled his own private marriage life. His opinion on having complete equality and freedom between husband and wife reflected entirely upon this dramatic play. Ibsen’s clever ideas about the typical wife during the 1800’s is very on point, until the turns of her lies and deceit bring her into trouble with her husband, knowing the crime she had committed would be a disgrace to her husband and the people closest to her. Throughout the play, Ibsen takes the viewer into the mind of a woman who is “trapped in a man’s world” and tries to hide the crime she has committed, which her untrustworthy manner leads her to the most sacrificial, and ironic decision changing the lives of her family forever. The tasteful twist at the end of this suspenseful play leaves viewers with shock and complete understanding on Ibsen’s views of equality and freedom when Nora (the main character and wife) leaves her husband and family. A Doll’s House is an outrageous and scandalous masterpiece is, “widely considered a landmark in the development of what soon became a highly prevalent genre of theater—realism, which strives to portray life accurately and shuns idealized visions of it” (web.sourceSparkNotes). Ibsen’s realistic style portraying an ordinary family during the 1800’s, and the struggles in everyday life that families have to face sparked a new generation of realism. Ibsen, known as the “father of post drama”, creatively writing about day to day reality in the life of families during this time period. A Doll’s House shows the importance of equality among men and women, and equal rights Ibsen feels the need to express. Ibsen’s many works during this time such as Peer Gynt, and Brand were two of his successful works that helped shape his reputation after the scandalous, A Doll’s House. Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is a classic that turned many heads and was written as a leap of faith, turning the play into a masterpiece showing society equality among man and woman in marriage and civilization, and should be preserved for future generations for it’s bold, daring, and magnificent storyline and magnifying equal rights.</p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A Doll’s House is definitely not typical of its era. During the 1800’s, families were seen to have a wife playing her role subject to the dominant figure, her husband. A typical family is a wife under the control and authority of her husband, while taking care of her family, supporting her husband in all of many ways such as Nora did in A Doll’s House. In contrast, the play showed the hardships and the low moral values some families face such as Nora and the lies she’s kept between herself and her husband. During this time, society was seen as something different than it actually played out to be, which Ibsen showed the actual reality that families face. Many reasons this play was a disgrace is because of the true honesty came to light from Nora’s deception, that people during this time couldn’t accept the fact that a woman could commit such a crime and also Nora and her discovery that her gender role was an obstacle to her personal fulfillment causing her to commit a shameful act of leaving her own family. The only thing typical in this play similar to real life during this time was the very beginning of the play; filled with joy of a wife taking care of her husband and home with her children, a joy that most families have during this time. Not considering that, the rest of the drama was scandalous and mouth-dropping to viewers after this play was first performed.</p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">This prize perfection drama, was more than unusual of its time. Families and society during the 1800’s (the time this play was performed) were nothing more than families facing personal hardships that were kept in personal privacy and to society known as a normal happy family. Ibsen brought out the light from the dark when he wrote this tragedy about a woman refusing to play her “role” as a perfect housewife and mother, showing viewers the real life problems unexceptional people face within their personal lives. Although society refused and did not accept the play very well, it still doesn’t take out the fact of Ibsen’s need for equal rights. Women, especially, during this time were subjected to vanity and obedience under the authority of their husbands, refusing to face their inner unhappiness, just like Nora in A Doll’s House. The crime Nora commits of forgery and the shameful act of leaving her family is completely offensive to families during this time. Ibsen definitely went out of the box and tapped into realism used in his play, and was not afraid to voice his strong opinion of equal rights between men and women.</p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Unfortunately, during this time of the 1800’s, the play was fiercely seen to sabotage the “true” meaning of a marriage and critics and viewers took offense to the drama. Ibsen’s, A Doll’s House, was frowned upon in the Norwegian society and caused much controversy. “In the Victorian age many women were thought of as mere objects. Most woman has no real social status and were not allowed to express themselves freely” (Holmes). Due to this social standard, A Doll’s House was not received well. In fact, it was such a disgrace to the Norwegian society, that Ibsen and his family was forced to move out of town where he wasn’t so much of frowned upon by writing this imaginative and real play. People were not used to the fact of a untrustworthy housewife, and a criminal of a person who’s merely a common woman of society. Viewers during this century were shocked and annoyed at the fact that a regular, working man of society can have such an imagination and concrete views of society, even though Ibsen only brought out what’s real that actually happen within families regardless if society is accepting of his views. Even though A Doll’s House wasn’t received as a piece of work to be praised of during this time and age, it opened a new world of realism and post drama for people who were accepting of it’s reality.</p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The perception of this scandalous play is perceived quite well today. “A Doll House brings forth the notion that even if love can be found and marriage ultimately unites both people, there is still a chance that the perception of love in the relationship can be altered or it may never have existed in the first place” (web source). Critics today are shocked that a man during this time had even a thought on equality between men and women, but are accepting of the fact that Ibsen’s bold actions of writing this post dramatic play helped generations during our time mold into what it is today. The only controversy is if Nora really loved Torvald (her husband) in the first place, seeing as that she quickly made the decision to live and fulfill her own happiness. The difference between the perception of the play today as compared to back during the 1800’s, is that most men and women are equal today, as for back then, people perceived women to be objects of vanity to their men, therefore the play consisting of a woman committing a crime and leaving her husband was frowned upon and shameful in society. Although these perceptions are two completely different views, A Doll’s House is considered a timeless classic changing society into what it is today.</p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">I absolutely love this play. Every single scene is interesting. I am definitely strongly opinionated on the equal rights of women, being a woman myself. This drama shows women not just being a perfect image of being a wife and mother, but it shows how women also during the time period of the 1800’s made mistakes and needed to voice their own opinions and seek to fulfill their own personal happiness. I would watch this play over many times and never it would never get too old. It’s completely remarkable that Ibsen, a man of the 1800’s, had a thought about equality and freedom among society of men and women. I feel that men and women should have control over their own happiness and freedom, and both genders should feel empowered. Nora’s husband was controlling and empowering over her until Nora herself, stood up for herself regardless of society’s input, and left her unhappiness for her personal fulfillment. This play completely shocked me, but was utterly satisfying towards the ending and was intense during the entire production.</p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">This play specifically compares to the book Flowers in the Mirror by Li Ruzhen. “Throughout his novel, he attempted to reconcile classical Confucianism with Neo-Confucianism and meld traditional values and aesthetics with modern ideas. Li Ruzhen is remembered today as an erudite social critic and early feminist” (web. source eNotes). Ruzhen’s novel is made up of fascinating and imaginative and creative worlds for men and women playing each other’s roles in society. This compares to Ibsen’s play because both author and playwright strive to voice their opinion on freedom and equality among men and women. Unfortunately, also both Ruzhen and Ibsen were criticized for their opinions. Although Ibsen made his opinion more detailed by writing a play about a woman trapped in her misery and marriage, and Ruzhen fantasizing about perfect and equal worlds, both opinions collide and are similar to each other because of the fact that both opinions of both men are equal.</p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">In contrast, Ruzhen voiced his opinion in a more creative and imaginative way, not showing much realism in his book. Ibsen, however, used a real life scenario and everyday life problems into his play, so the audience can relate to his opinion on equal rights. There isn’t much to contrast, other than what is stated, because both men are strongly opinionated about their views on equal rights among men and women.</p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ibsen’s, A Doll’s House, is a complete masterpiece and its originality and scandalous story defined a generation as we have today. Wonders like Ibsen helped mold a more equal and free society as the society we live in today. The bold, daring, and charismatic journey in this play is a piece of work that should be of preservation for our future generations, and for them to know the importance of the steps taken to have such an open and equal society compared to the 1800’s. This crazy and ironic play should be allowed for our future people to understand Ibsen’s thoughts and ideas for a perfect and equal civilization for today and for forever.</p>\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Works Cited</strong></p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A Doll\'s House. Spark Notes, n.d. Web. 4 Nov. 2013.</p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>This is where I found a lot of information about the author and his background. Also, I found a lot of information about the play.</strong></p>\n<b><b> </b></b>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Urban, William L. Parallel\'s in A Doll\'s House. Ed. Thomas J. Sienkewics and James E. Betts. Monmouth, Illinois: Monmouth College, 1997. N. pag. Web. 4 Nov. 2013.</p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>This is where I found a lot of information about the play. I also found how it was perceived back then.</strong></p>\n<b><b> </b></b>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\"A Doll\'s House: Nora Perceived by Other Characters\" StudyMode.com. 10 1999. 1999. 10 1999</p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>I found a lot of today’s perception. I also found contrasts of today’s perception, and back then.</strong></p>\n<b><b> </b></b>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The Perception of Lovers- William Shakespeare’s \"A Midsummer Night’s Dream\" and Henrik Ibsen\'s \"A Doll House. N.p., n.d.</p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>I again, found a lot of today’s perception. And back then.</strong></p>\n<b><b> </b></b>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\"Introduction\" Nineteenth-Century Literary Criticism Ed. Lynn M. Zott. Vol. 134. Gale Cengage 2004 eNotes.com 14 Oct, 2013</p>\n<b id=\"docs-internal-guid--aa653e6-26a5-f4bf-3496-2615a550973c\">I found information on the compare and contrasts I did. And also about Ruzhen.</b>','A Doll\'s House','','inherit','open','open','','3602-autosave-v1','','','2013-11-04 23:11:21','2013-11-05 05:11:21','',3602,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3606',0,'revision','',0),(3607,1,'2013-11-04 23:12:36','2013-11-05 05:12:36','<p dir=\"ltr\">DaveGargi-TCP3</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Henrik Ibsen’s <em>A Doll’s House</em></strong></p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><b id=\"docs-internal-guid--aa653e6-26a6-c3e7-12b1-f28efc6466d9\"><img class=\"aligncenter\" alt=\"\" src=\"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/EZdFiWjfOtQWx2I_1AuRbCKfXFJNvnMYxnz-WjhygsMl27UB5h3WWuB0w3rbEyZhtIZP5Oh_X1Kq9wYsZEfO1Souw4Ym4twix4VGqnJHIPyhl-G4UhG5iO-9oQ\" width=\"330px;\" height=\"475px;\" />\r\n</b></p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">                                      <a href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0069987/\">http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0069987/</a></p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Henrick Ibsen (1828-1906) was a magnificent playwright, whose post drama’s lead him to be famous for many of his plays such as Ghosts in 1881, An Enemy of the People in 1882, and most importantly, one of his most paramount works, A Doll’s House in 1879. The scandalous 3-act play was one of his most significant works due to that fact that it resembled his own private marriage life. His opinion on having complete equality and freedom between husband and wife reflected entirely upon this dramatic play. Ibsen’s clever ideas about the typical wife during the 1800’s is very on point, until the turns of her lies and deceit bring her into trouble with her husband, knowing the crime she had committed would be a disgrace to her husband and the people closest to her. Throughout the play, Ibsen takes the viewer into the mind of a woman who is “trapped in a man’s world” and tries to hide the crime she has committed, which her untrustworthy manner leads her to the most sacrificial, and ironic decision changing the lives of her family forever. The tasteful twist at the end of this suspenseful play leaves viewers with shock and complete understanding on Ibsen’s views of equality and freedom when Nora (the main character and wife) leaves her husband and family. A Doll’s House is an outrageous and scandalous masterpiece is, “widely considered a landmark in the development of what soon became a highly prevalent genre of theater—realism, which strives to portray life accurately and shuns idealized visions of it” (web.sourceSparkNotes). Ibsen’s realistic style portraying an ordinary family during the 1800’s, and the struggles in everyday life that families have to face sparked a new generation of realism. Ibsen, known as the “father of post drama”, creatively writing about day to day reality in the life of families during this time period. A Doll’s House shows the importance of equality among men and women, and equal rights Ibsen feels the need to express. Ibsen’s many works during this time such as Peer Gynt, and Brand were two of his successful works that helped shape his reputation after the scandalous, A Doll’s House. Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is a classic that turned many heads and was written as a leap of faith, turning the play into a masterpiece showing society equality among man and woman in marriage and civilization, and should be preserved for future generations for it’s bold, daring, and magnificent storyline and magnifying equal rights.<!--more--></p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A Doll’s House is definitely not typical of its era. During the 1800’s, families were seen to have a wife playing her role subject to the dominant figure, her husband. A typical family is a wife under the control and authority of her husband, while taking care of her family, supporting her husband in all of many ways such as Nora did in A Doll’s House. In contrast, the play showed the hardships and the low moral values some families face such as Nora and the lies she’s kept between herself and her husband. During this time, society was seen as something different than it actually played out to be, which Ibsen showed the actual reality that families face. Many reasons this play was a disgrace is because of the true honesty came to light from Nora’s deception, that people during this time couldn’t accept the fact that a woman could commit such a crime and also Nora and her discovery that her gender role was an obstacle to her personal fulfillment causing her to commit a shameful act of leaving her own family. The only thing typical in this play similar to real life during this time was the very beginning of the play; filled with joy of a wife taking care of her husband and home with her children, a joy that most families have during this time. Not considering that, the rest of the drama was scandalous and mouth-dropping to viewers after this play was first performed.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">This prize perfection drama, was more than unusual of its time. Families and society during the 1800’s (the time this play was performed) were nothing more than families facing personal hardships that were kept in personal privacy and to society known as a normal happy family. Ibsen brought out the light from the dark when he wrote this tragedy about a woman refusing to play her “role” as a perfect housewife and mother, showing viewers the real life problems unexceptional people face within their personal lives. Although society refused and did not accept the play very well, it still doesn’t take out the fact of Ibsen’s need for equal rights. Women, especially, during this time were subjected to vanity and obedience under the authority of their husbands, refusing to face their inner unhappiness, just like Nora in A Doll’s House. The crime Nora commits of forgery and the shameful act of leaving her family is completely offensive to families during this time. Ibsen definitely went out of the box and tapped into realism used in his play, and was not afraid to voice his strong opinion of equal rights between men and women.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Unfortunately, during this time of the 1800’s, the play was fiercely seen to sabotage the “true” meaning of a marriage and critics and viewers took offense to the drama. Ibsen’s, A Doll’s House, was frowned upon in the Norwegian society and caused much controversy. “In the Victorian age many women were thought of as mere objects. Most woman has no real social status and were not allowed to express themselves freely” (Holmes). Due to this social standard, A Doll’s House was not received well. In fact, it was such a disgrace to the Norwegian society, that Ibsen and his family was forced to move out of town where he wasn’t so much of frowned upon by writing this imaginative and real play. People were not used to the fact of a untrustworthy housewife, and a criminal of a person who’s merely a common woman of society. Viewers during this century were shocked and annoyed at the fact that a regular, working man of society can have such an imagination and concrete views of society, even though Ibsen only brought out what’s real that actually happen within families regardless if society is accepting of his views. Even though A Doll’s House wasn’t received as a piece of work to be praised of during this time and age, it opened a new world of realism and post drama for people who were accepting of it’s reality.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The perception of this scandalous play is perceived quite well today. “A Doll House brings forth the notion that even if love can be found and marriage ultimately unites both people, there is still a chance that the perception of love in the relationship can be altered or it may never have existed in the first place” (web source). Critics today are shocked that a man during this time had even a thought on equality between men and women, but are accepting of the fact that Ibsen’s bold actions of writing this post dramatic play helped generations during our time mold into what it is today. The only controversy is if Nora really loved Torvald (her husband) in the first place, seeing as that she quickly made the decision to live and fulfill her own happiness. The difference between the perception of the play today as compared to back during the 1800’s, is that most men and women are equal today, as for back then, people perceived women to be objects of vanity to their men, therefore the play consisting of a woman committing a crime and leaving her husband was frowned upon and shameful in society. Although these perceptions are two completely different views, A Doll’s House is considered a timeless classic changing society into what it is today.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">I absolutely love this play. Every single scene is interesting. I am definitely strongly opinionated on the equal rights of women, being a woman myself. This drama shows women not just being a perfect image of being a wife and mother, but it shows how women also during the time period of the 1800’s made mistakes and needed to voice their own opinions and seek to fulfill their own personal happiness. I would watch this play over many times and never it would never get too old. It’s completely remarkable that Ibsen, a man of the 1800’s, had a thought about equality and freedom among society of men and women. I feel that men and women should have control over their own happiness and freedom, and both genders should feel empowered. Nora’s husband was controlling and empowering over her until Nora herself, stood up for herself regardless of society’s input, and left her unhappiness for her personal fulfillment. This play completely shocked me, but was utterly satisfying towards the ending and was intense during the entire production.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">This play specifically compares to the book Flowers in the Mirror by Li Ruzhen. “Throughout his novel, he attempted to reconcile classical Confucianism with Neo-Confucianism and meld traditional values and aesthetics with modern ideas. Li Ruzhen is remembered today as an erudite social critic and early feminist” (web. source eNotes). Ruzhen’s novel is made up of fascinating and imaginative and creative worlds for men and women playing each other’s roles in society. This compares to Ibsen’s play because both author and playwright strive to voice their opinion on freedom and equality among men and women. Unfortunately, also both Ruzhen and Ibsen were criticized for their opinions. Although Ibsen made his opinion more detailed by writing a play about a woman trapped in her misery and marriage, and Ruzhen fantasizing about perfect and equal worlds, both opinions collide and are similar to each other because of the fact that both opinions of both men are equal.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">In contrast, Ruzhen voiced his opinion in a more creative and imaginative way, not showing much realism in his book. Ibsen, however, used a real life scenario and everyday life problems into his play, so the audience can relate to his opinion on equal rights. There isn’t much to contrast, other than what is stated, because both men are strongly opinionated about their views on equal rights among men and women.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ibsen’s, A Doll’s House, is a complete masterpiece and its originality and scandalous story defined a generation as we have today. Wonders like Ibsen helped mold a more equal and free society as the society we live in today. The bold, daring, and charismatic journey in this play is a piece of work that should be of preservation for our future generations, and for them to know the importance of the steps taken to have such an open and equal society compared to the 1800’s. This crazy and ironic play should be allowed for our future people to understand Ibsen’s thoughts and ideas for a perfect and equal civilization for today and for forever.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Works Cited</strong></p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A Doll\'s House. Spark Notes, n.d. Web. 4 Nov. 2013.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>This is where I found a lot of information about the author and his background. Also, I found a lot of information about the play.</strong></p>\r\n<b><b> </b></b>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Urban, William L. Parallel\'s in A Doll\'s House. Ed. Thomas J. Sienkewics and James E. Betts. Monmouth, Illinois: Monmouth College, 1997. N. pag. Web. 4 Nov. 2013.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>This is where I found a lot of information about the play. I also found how it was perceived back then.</strong></p>\r\n<b><b> </b></b>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\"A Doll\'s House: Nora Perceived by Other Characters\" StudyMode.com. 10 1999. 1999. 10 1999</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>I found a lot of today’s perception. I also found contrasts of today’s perception, and back then.</strong></p>\r\n<b><b> </b></b>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The Perception of Lovers- William Shakespeare’s \"A Midsummer Night’s Dream\" and Henrik Ibsen\'s \"A Doll House. N.p., n.d.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>I again, found a lot of today’s perception. And back then.</strong></p>\r\n<b><b> </b></b>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\"Introduction\" Nineteenth-Century Literary Criticism Ed. Lynn M. Zott. Vol. 134. Gale Cengage 2004 eNotes.com 14 Oct, 2013</p>\r\n<b id=\"docs-internal-guid--aa653e6-26a5-f4bf-3496-2615a550973c\">I found information on the compare and contrasts I did. And also about Ruzhen.</b>','A Doll\'s House','','inherit','open','open','','3602-revision-v1','','','2013-11-04 23:12:36','2013-11-05 05:12:36','',3602,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3607',0,'revision','',0),(3608,84,'2013-11-04 23:48:51','2013-11-05 05:48:51','<img src=\"http://www.npr.org/2012/09/17/161248814/antietam-a-savage-day-in-american-history\" alt=\"Photograph by Alexander Gardner. Octoper 1862\" />From the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, art was an excellent way to portray wars and inventions around the world. Painting showed how artists viewed events, and it successfully could appeal to and shaped how people felt about the world around them. However, beginning in 1835, art had experienced a new rival in terms of picture taking. Photography became popular in the United States and Europe, and this concept brought to the world a more vivid grasp of Realism. By the mid-nineteenth century, people worldwide thought that the camera was an amazing tool. People took photos of geographical icons and monuments. Wars were also a major interest, which inspired photographer Matthew Brady to take a collection of Civil War photographs. One of these photographs was Dead at Antietam, which was part of the Civil War collection of the Battle of Antietam in 1863. When these photographs were shown to people, the people got a true essence of what war was like during this time period, as witnessed by photographers.  The work Dead at Antietam by Matthew Brady should be restored because people who enjoy photography would be very interested in learning about its origins.\r\nBrady’s Battle of Antietam series, including Death at Antietam, were innovative of the nineteenth century because this is the first time in history that people experienced the horrific life of war. Seeing realistic vivid footage of war was extremely alarming to people as well as influential. On the bright side, this new concept of photography allowed Civil War soldiers and families to see pictures of each other. It also served a method of communication between the home and war fronts so all Americans could see what was going on with their loved ones. Thanks to photography, mothers and children of soldiers got a big picture of the tragic and bloody events of the American Civil War.\r\nUnlike art, which did not portray Realism, photography had people frightened about the massive shootings in the North. The American Civil War was the first war to be shown in photographs instead of canvas art. People across America were enlightened by photography, especially Civil War soldiers, who had a great opportunity of connecting with their families. On the war front, soldiers had professional photographs sent home thanks to portrait studios being established on army campsites. Americans were thankful for these photos because they never knew if their loved ones would return home again. With realistic pictorial images, photography was a source of visual information across the United States that was helpful in keeping families together.\r\nIn the era of the twenty-first century, Brady’s photographs have travelled all across the United States. Museums such as the Smithsonian’s National Portrait Gallery and the National Civil War Medicine. At the Smithsonian, portraits of Civil War Union soldiers are currently on display. At the National Museum of Civil War Medicine, the Antietam series has been recreated and put on display. To this day, Brady’s portraits have been a liking to museum scholars alike as well as museum patrons. \r\nBrady’s work has sparked my interests because I knew very little about photography’s origins, nor did I know that war was a big interest to early photographers. I was impressed how early cameras took extraordinary photographs. Also, I found amazing how much these photographs how big of an impact these photographs had on families on the home front.  One thing I did not appreciate so much is the fact that Brady was credited for fellow co-photographer Alexander Gardener’s work. I believe that Gardener should have received credit because he had taken most of the photos. If I was Brady, I would have given Gardner full credit for his work and praised him for taking the photographs for me.\r\nWhile the debut of taking war photographs occurred during the Civil War, the concept of showing war on television first appeared during the Vietnam War. This televised war had a big impact on families across the United States for ten years because these families ate dinner and watched soldiers being killed. Like Brady’s Civil War photographs, people were disturbed by the sights of the shootings. Having the ability of witnessing moving pictures and sounds, people became increasingly terrified of watching the evening news. Due to television, the Vietnam War was more frightening than the Civil War because of the effect of moving pictures.\r\nThe Tet Offensive became the most controversial massacre to be shown on television. People no longer trusted President Lyndon B. Johnson when they saw North Vietnam launching an attack on the United States in Saigon. The evening news had a major effect visually on people as the Vietnam War was the primary news focus on television. In comparison with Brady’s photographs, the Vietnam War television sights were frightening to people in this time period.  These two visual sources were successful as they portrayed these wars to Americans by stirring horrific emotions.\r\nThe photographs by Matthew Brady, especially the Battle of Antietam series, should be restored because I believe learning what the first photographers were interested in may be of interest to people. I think the origins of photography are interesting to learn about because many people like me do not know how photography was invented. For a fact, I am definitely one of those people who found the history of photography to be of great interest. Along with Brady’s Antietam photographs, I think that the stories of the reactions of people and families of soldiers should be restored as well. These people’s stories would provide a good prospective of how they reacted when they viewed these photos for the first time. I enjoyed learning about Matthew Brady as well as the history of photography. As a student, my overall reaction was outstanding when I found out what a large impact on Civil War families. These portraits should definitely be restored to tell stories about how photography was a huge success in the beginning as well as to tell about the Civil War. \r\n\r\nBibliography:\r\n\r\n','Matthew Brady\'s Civil War Photography','','inherit','open','open','','3570-revision-v1','','','2013-11-04 23:48:51','2013-11-05 05:48:51','',3570,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3608',0,'revision','',0),(3617,82,'2013-11-05 21:30:52','2013-11-06 03:30:52','It is no simple task to create a piece that simultaneously describes and fuels the nuances of the zeitgeist in any given time, which, upon deeper study, is a labyrinth of reference and metaphor, but is on its own still easily palatable to the audience for which it is intended. Masterpieces are created in this way, with themes that resonate deeply with their audience, and it is sometimes difficult to understand or accept those ideas many years after the fact – in fact, a modern audience may find the themes of previous times to be antiquated, regrettable or outright despicable. However, it is often the motifs of the past, be it recent or ancient, which color and determine those of the modern world. It is for this reason that we must maintain a connection with our earthly past; in order to understand the currents of today’s zeitgeist, the masterpieces and peoples of the past must be observed and studied. Richard Wagner’s <i>Der Ring Des Nibelungen</i> is one such masterpiece in many fields – it is itself a representative work of romantic nationalist art, the spirit of Germans and their neighbors in Western and Northern Europe in the mid 1800’s, and a masterful crafting of musical motifs of the time into a rich and complex tapestry of beautiful music and turbulent ideas – and it is for the above reason that the Ring cycle should be preserved.\r\n\r\n<!--more-->\r\n\r\nWagner lived in an era that was rife with upheaval and change in both the power structures and national identities of Europe. Advances in industry and mechanization brought about the rise of new-money powers whose lives were rife with decadence, and whose power was in direct competition with the established powers in the area, to the decrement of the working class, which was riled by the spirit of reform put about by the French Revolution and the fall of Napoleon. Old powers were increasingly tyrannical as their strength was threatened, and tangled alliances further levied downward pressure on the already oft-impoverished people of the lower classes via the Metternich System, in which a nation would invite the armies of its allies to help quell rebellion. (Fisher, 2-6)\r\n\r\nThe Ring cycle is a series of four operas, referred to by Wagner as “dramas,” consisting of “Das Rheingold,” “Die Walküre,” “Siegfried” and “Götterdämmerung.” They were based on certain aspects of the mythos of Norse and Germanic peoples, following the story of a powerful magical ring which would grant its user nigh-limitless power, but the ring was cursed. The gods and many other powerful beings quarreled over the ring, but a hero arose who took its power, earned from Brünnhilde, his lover. However, the story ends with the loss of both Siegfried and Brünnhilde, and the destruction of the gods and their home in Valhalla, and the beginning of a new world. (Fiero, B5.67)\r\n\r\nThe cycle is itself a paragon of the nature of Romanticism, in particular its reaction against the impersonal nature of the industrial era (Fiero, B5.2) and the often destructively tyrannical rulership of the old elite in Europe. (Fisher, 2-6) Also like other contemporary musicians, Wagner utilized his music in a way that further combined the structural and emotional elements of music; as with Beethoven’s use of more expressive wording and dynamics in his music, (Fiero, B5.60) Wagner explored the use of incredibly complex leitmotifs in <i>The Ring</i>. (Fiero, B5.67)\r\n\r\nIt is difficult to separate the specific differences and similarities between Wagner’s work in <i>The Ring</i> and other Romantic pieces at the time, since it seems that one of the defining notions of the era was itself the exploration of new themes and styles in music in order to achieve a more natural and emotional flow. It could be said that Wagner’s mastery of the themes and styles that he was working with is the most outstanding feature, along with his dedication – he spent upwards of 20 years drafting, writing and completing the entire cycle of <i>The Ring</i>. (Films On Demand, 33:00)\r\n\r\nHelping to illustrate the spirit of Romanticism is the works of Beethoven, who was an influence to Wagner and about whom Wagner wrote. (Furness, 140) Beethoven’s symphony, <i>Eroica</i>, exemplifies in its themes and context much of the explorative and anti-establishment intent that Wagner attempts to elicit in his works. <i>Eroica</i> was initially intended to be dedicated to Napoleon as a hero of the people and an exemplary leader, but Beethoven angrily retracted his dedication when Napoleon named himself emperor, which was entirely contrary to the tide of Romanticism. Also, as mentioned above, Beethoven explored ways of making his music more expressive to the listener. (Fiero, B5.60)\r\n\r\nHowever, Eroica was specifically a portrait of an idealized hero in its nature, where the Ring cycle described the destruction of heroism by the greed and infighting of a group of powerful beings, likely metaphors for the people who were in power at that time in Europe – gods concerned with decadence, beasts concerned with power and dwarves whose sole interest was in riches. The story put forth by Wagner is a very dark one right up until the very end, in which the destruction of the entire establishment and a return to nature is the resolution to the entire problem.\r\n\r\nThe work was so well-received that it actually annoyed Wagner – the young king of Bavaria, his patron, demanded that <i>Die Rheingold </i>be played in Munich, before the other operas were completed; Wagner intended for his pieces to be completed as a four-day festival, back-to-back – he actually attempted to sabotage the performance, much to the ire of the king, such was his zeal. However, testament to the popularity of his works, various famous people attended the performances of his operas <i>Die Rheingold</i> and <i>Siegfried</i> in Munich while he acted as if they were not occurring. (Furness, 139, 140) Later, the German Emperor Wilhelm I greeted Wagner personally at a train station regarding his completion of the cycle, saying “I did not believe you would ever do it.” (Furness, 149)\r\n\r\nHowever, not all in Europe at the time were friendly to Wagner’s work. A critic in Vienna called the work a “crying shame” and said that the work “had nothing to do with the German people, who should, if they ever find pleasure in such a work, be removed from the ranks of the cultured peoples of Western Europe.” So bad were the reviews that Wagner and his family were prompted to escape to Sorrento for a month. (Furness, 151)\r\n\r\nModernly, epics like the Ring cycle have become a great deal more popular in various media, and it could be argued that various fantasy titles follow in some way, roundabout or directly, in the footsteps of the Ring mythos. Additionally, movie musicians have been known to borrow from the use of leitmotifs in Wagner’s operas, sewing similarities between the music in movies today and the sounds of Wagner’s operas. (Palmer)\r\n\r\nHowever, Wagner’s nationalistic background had a dark side – Wagner was a well-known anti-Semite, so much so that his music is banned in the nation of Israel today, due to its adoption by the Nazis after his death in their creation of the Holocaust. It has been argued that the attitude of anti-Semitism has transcended his life into the basis of his music; American academic Marc Weiner identifies the characters Albrich, Mime and Hagen from <i>The Ring</i> as being of the 19<sup>th</sup>-century Jewish stereotype. (Mourby)\r\n\r\nThe Ring cycle is itself a beautiful set of works which carries with it the meaning of several generations of German people, a powerful statement of the mid-19<sup>th</sup> century German zeitgeist. In an objective sense, it is masterful, especially for its time, and does things that no operatic piece has done before or since, and that alone is a powerful statement of its worth. The message is one that may be considered outdated, but its source is important to mankind – the extremes of European nobility, industry and revolution during the time are themselves a warning that should be carried into the generations of the future, a parable of the troubles of materialism and racism.\r\n\r\nThe future holds mysteries and puzzles that humankind will soon no longer be able to skirt by from. Both Wagner and his critics hold important messages to the human race, and it would do mankind well to maintain awareness of the arguments which tore Europe apart and embroiled them in war in the 19<sup>th</sup> and 20<sup>th</sup> centuries. The works representative of the time, the messages that they broadcast, and the context under which they were written are all important for this awareness, and Wagner should be kept alive in the minds of mankind, if not for the beauty and mastery of his work, then for the fundamental controversy of his era and the ideas, agreeable or not, which the man projected into his work. This is the importance of the preservation of <i>Der Ring Des Nibelungen</i>: It is masterfully woven into the tapestry of the 19<sup>th</sup>-century German zeitgeist, in both aesthetic form and philosophical content, and the human race would be the worse without the guidance of the wisdom of that era and its victories and failures.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Works Cited</span></b></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Fiero, Gloria K. <i>The Humanistic Tradition</i>. 6th ed. 2. New York: McGraw Hill, 2011. eBook.</p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Class Textbook; Helped me understand the era surrounding the writing of the Ring cycle, as well as my understanding of Beethoven’s <i>Eroica</i></p>\r\n\"Wilhelm Richard Wagner: A Concise Biography.\" <i>Films On Demand</i>. Films Media Group, 2005. Web. 4 Nov. 2013. &lt;http://digital.films.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=17517&amp;xtid=44013&gt;.\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">A video biography of Richard Wagner, for information regarding his life</p>\r\nFisher, Burton D., and Publishing Opera Journeys. <i>Exploring Wagner\'s The Ring Of The Nibelung : Der Ring Des Nibelungen</i>. [Coral Gables, Fla.]: Opera Journeys, 2002. <i>eBook Collection (EBSCOhost)</i>. Web. 5 Nov. 2013.\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">A specific book about the context of the Ring cycle, helpful for understanding its nuances</p>\r\nFurness, Raymond. <i>Richard Wagner</i>. Reaktion Books, 2013. eBook.\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">A biography of Wagner, for further studies on his life</p>\r\nMourby, Adrian. \"Can We Forgive Wagner?.\" <i>The Guardian</i>. N.p., 21 Fri 2000. Web. Web. 5 Nov 2013. &lt;http://www.theguardian.com/friday_review/story/0,3605,345459,00.html&gt;.\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">A web article questioning whether Wagner can be forgiven for his nationalist agenda; helpful for understanding the less positive side of Wagner’s modern reception</p>\r\nPalmer, Dexter. \"Blogging Wagner’s Ring Cycle.\" <i>TOR.com</i>. N.p., 05 Apr 2010. Web. Web. 5 Nov 2013. &lt;http://www.tor.com/blogs/2010/04/blogging-wagners-ring-cycle&gt;.\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">A blog on a science fiction and fantasy website describing the basics of the cycle to modern sci-fi and fantasy readers, helpful for understanding its modern reception.</p>','TCP3: Richard Wagner\'s \"Der Ring Des Nibelungen\"','','publish','open','open','','tcp3-richard-wagners-der-ring-des-nibelungen','','','2013-11-05 21:46:12','2013-11-06 03:46:12','',0,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3617',0,'post','',7),(3618,82,'2013-11-05 21:30:52','2013-11-06 03:30:52','It is no simple task to create a piece that simultaneously describes and fuels the nuances of the zeitgeist in any given time, which, upon deeper study, is a labyrinth of reference and metaphor, but is on its own still easily palatable to the audience for which it is intended. Masterpieces are created in this way, with themes that resonate deeply with their audience, and it is sometimes difficult to understand or accept those ideas many years after the fact – in fact, a modern audience may find the themes of previous times to be antiquated, regrettable or outright despicable. However, it is often the motifs of the past, be it recent or ancient, which color and determine those of the modern world. It is for this reason that we must maintain a connection with our earthly past; in order to understand the currents of today’s zeitgeist, the masterpieces and peoples of the past must be observed and studied. Richard Wagner’s <i>Der Ring Des Nibelungen</i> is one such masterpiece in many fields – it is itself a representative work of romantic nationalist art, the spirit of Germans and their neighbors in Western and Northern Europe in the mid 1800’s, and a masterful crafting of musical motifs of the time into a rich and complex tapestry of beautiful music and turbulent ideas – and it is for the above reason that the Ring cycle should be preserved.\r\n\r\n<!--more-->\r\n\r\nWagner lived in an era that was rife with upheaval and change in both the power structures and national identities of Europe. Advances in industry and mechanization brought about the rise of new-money powers whose lives were rife with decadence, and whose power was in direct competition with the established powers in the area, to the decrement of the working class, which was riled by the spirit of reform put about by the French Revolution and the fall of Napoleon. Old powers were increasingly tyrannical as their strength was threatened, and tangled alliances further levied downward pressure on the already oft-impoverished people of the lower classes via the Metternich System, in which a nation would invite the armies of its allies to help quell rebellion. (Fisher, 2-6)\r\n\r\nThe Ring cycle is a series of four operas, referred to by Wagner as “dramas,” consisting of “Das Rheingold,” “Die Walküre,” “Siegfried” and “Götterdämmerung.” They were based on certain aspects of the mythos of Norse and Germanic peoples, following the story of a powerful magical ring which would grant its user nigh-limitless power, but the ring was cursed. The gods and many other powerful beings quarreled over the ring, but a hero arose who took its power, earned from Brünnhilde, his lover. However, the story ends with the loss of both Siegfried and Brünnhilde, and the destruction of the gods and their home in Valhalla, and the beginning of a new world. (Fiero, B5.67)\r\n\r\nThe cycle is itself a paragon of the nature of Romanticism, in particular its reaction against the impersonal nature of the industrial era (Fiero, B5.2) and the often destructively tyrannical rulership of the old elite in Europe. (Fisher, 2-6) Also like other contemporary musicians, Wagner utilized his music in a way that further combined the structural and emotional elements of music; as with Beethoven’s use of more expressive wording and dynamics in his music, (Fiero, B5.60) Wagner explored the use of incredibly complex leitmotifs in <i>The Ring</i>. (Fiero, B5.67)\r\n\r\nIt is difficult to separate the specific differences and similarities between Wagner’s work in <i>The Ring</i> and other Romantic pieces at the time, since it seems that one of the defining notions of the era was itself the exploration of new themes and styles in music in order to achieve a more natural and emotional flow. It could be said that Wagner’s mastery of the themes and styles that he was working with is the most outstanding feature, along with his dedication – he spent upwards of 20 years drafting, writing and completing the entire cycle of <i>The Ring</i>. (Films On Demand, 33:00)\r\n\r\nHelping to illustrate the spirit of Romanticism is the works of Beethoven, who was an influence to Wagner and about whom Wagner wrote. (Furness, 140) Beethoven’s symphony, <i>Eroica</i>, exemplifies in its themes and context much of the explorative and anti-establishment intent that Wagner attempts to elicit in his works. <i>Eroica</i> was initially intended to be dedicated to Napoleon as a hero of the people and an exemplary leader, but Beethoven angrily retracted his dedication when Napoleon named himself emperor, which was entirely contrary to the tide of Romanticism. Also, as mentioned above, Beethoven explored ways of making his music more expressive to the listener. (Fiero, B5.60)\r\n\r\nHowever, Eroica was specifically a portrait of an idealized hero in its nature, where the Ring cycle described the destruction of heroism by the greed and infighting of a group of powerful beings, likely metaphors for the people who were in power at that time in Europe – gods concerned with decadence, beasts concerned with power and dwarves whose sole interest was in riches. The story put forth by Wagner is a very dark one right up until the very end, in which the destruction of the entire establishment and a return to nature is the resolution to the entire problem.\r\n\r\nThe work was so well-received that it actually annoyed Wagner – the young king of Bavaria, his patron, demanded that <i>Die Rheingold </i>be played in Munich, before the other operas were completed; Wagner intended for his pieces to be completed as a four-day festival, back-to-back – he actually attempted to sabotage the performance, much to the ire of the king, such was his zeal. However, testament to the popularity of his works, various famous people attended the performances of his operas <i>Die Rheingold</i> and <i>Siegfried</i> in Munich while he acted as if they were not occurring. (Furness, 139, 140) Later, the German Emperor Wilhelm I greeted Wagner personally at a train station regarding his completion of the cycle, saying “I did not believe you would ever do it.” (Furness, 149)\r\n\r\nHowever, not all in Europe at the time were friendly to Wagner’s work. A critic in Vienna called the work a “crying shame” and said that the work “had nothing to do with the German people, who should, if they ever find pleasure in such a work, be removed from the ranks of the cultured peoples of Western Europe.” So bad were the reviews that Wagner and his family were prompted to escape to Sorrento for a month. (Furness, 151)\r\n\r\nModernly, epics like the Ring cycle have become a great deal more popular in various media, and it could be argued that various fantasy titles follow in some way, roundabout or directly, in the footsteps of the Ring mythos. Additionally, movie musicians have been known to borrow from the use of leitmotifs in Wagner’s operas, sewing similarities between the music in movies today and the sounds of Wagner’s operas. (Palmer)\r\n\r\nHowever, Wagner’s nationalistic background had a dark side – Wagner was a well-known anti-Semite, so much so that his music is banned in the nation of Israel today, due to its adoption by the Nazis after his death in their creation of the Holocaust. It has been argued that the attitude of anti-Semitism has transcended his life into the basis of his music; American academic Marc Weiner identifies the characters Albrich, Mime and Hagen from <i>The Ring</i> as being of the 19<sup>th</sup>-century Jewish stereotype. (Mourby)\r\n\r\nThe Ring cycle is itself a beautiful set of works which carries with it the meaning of several generations of German people, a powerful statement of the mid-19<sup>th</sup> century German zeitgeist. In an objective sense, it is masterful, especially for its time, and does things that no operatic piece has done before or since, and that alone is a powerful statement of its worth. The message is one that may be considered outdated, but its source is important to mankind – the extremes of European nobility, industry and revolution during the time are themselves a warning that should be carried into the generations of the future, a parable of the troubles of materialism and racism.\r\n\r\nThe future holds mysteries and puzzles that humankind will soon no longer be able to skirt by from. Both Wagner and his critics hold important messages to the human race, and it would do mankind well to maintain awareness of the arguments which tore Europe apart and embroiled them in war in the 19<sup>th</sup> and 20<sup>th</sup> centuries. The works representative of the time, the messages that they broadcast, and the context under which they were written are all important for this awareness, and Wagner should be kept alive in the minds of mankind, if not for the beauty and mastery of his work, then for the fundamental controversy of his era and the ideas, agreeable or not, which the man projected into his work. This is the importance of the preservation of <i>Der Ring Des Nibelungen</i>: It is masterfully woven into the tapestry of the 19<sup>th</sup>-century German zeitgeist, in both aesthetic form and philosophical content, and the human race would be the worse without the guidance of the wisdom of that era and its victories and failures.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Works Cited</span></b></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\" align=\"center\">Fiero, Gloria K. <i>The Humanistic Tradition</i>. 6th ed. 2. New York: McGraw Hill, 2011. eBook.</p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Class Textbook; Helped me understand the era surrounding the writing of the Ring cycle, as well as my understanding of Beethoven’s <i>Eroica</i></p>\r\n\"Wilhelm Richard Wagner: A Concise Biography.\" <i>Films On Demand</i>. Films Media Group, 2005. Web. 4 Nov. 2013. &lt;http://digital.films.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=17517&amp;xtid=44013&gt;.\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">A video biography of Richard Wagner, for information regarding his life</p>\r\nFisher, Burton D., and Publishing Opera Journeys. <i>Exploring Wagner\'s The Ring Of The Nibelung : Der Ring Des Nibelungen</i>. [Coral Gables, Fla.]: Opera Journeys, 2002. <i>eBook Collection (EBSCOhost)</i>. Web. 5 Nov. 2013.\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">A specific book about the context of the Ring cycle, helpful for understanding its nuances</p>\r\nFurness, Raymond. <i>Richard Wagner</i>. Reaktion Books, 2013. eBook.\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">A biography of Wagner, for further studies on his life</p>\r\nMourby, Adrian. \"Can We Forgive Wagner?.\" <i>The Guardian</i>. N.p., 21 Fri 2000. Web. Web. 5 Nov 2013. &lt;http://www.theguardian.com/friday_review/story/0,3605,345459,00.html&gt;.\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">A web article questioning whether Wagner can be forgiven for his nationalist agenda; helpful for understanding the less positive side of Wagner’s modern reception</p>\r\nPalmer, Dexter. \"Blogging Wagner’s Ring Cycle.\" <i>TOR.com</i>. N.p., 05 Apr 2010. Web. Web. 5 Nov 2013. &lt;http://www.tor.com/blogs/2010/04/blogging-wagners-ring-cycle&gt;.\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">A blog on a science fiction and fantasy website describing the basics of the cycle to modern sci-fi and fantasy readers, helpful for understanding its modern reception.</p>','TCP3: Richard Wagner\'s \"Der Ring Des Nibelungen\"','','inherit','open','open','','3617-revision-v1','','','2013-11-05 21:30:52','2013-11-06 03:30:52','',3617,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3618',0,'revision','',0),(3619,1,'2013-11-05 21:45:12','2013-11-06 03:45:12','<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/brady.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3615 aligncenter\" alt=\"brady\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/brady-300x168.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" /></a>\"Photograph by Alexander Gardner. <em>Dead at Antietam.</em> October 1862\"</p>\nFrom the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, art was an excellent way to portray wars and inventions around the world. Painting showed how artists viewed events, and it successfully could appeal to and shaped how people felt about the world around them. However, beginning in 1835, art had experienced a new rival in terms of picture taking. Photography became popular in the United States and Europe, and this concept brought to the world a more vivid grasp of Realism. By the mid-nineteenth century, people worldwide thought that the camera was an amazing tool. People took photos of geographical icons and monuments. Wars were also a major interest, which inspired photographer Matthew Brady to take a collection of Civil War photographs. One of these photographs was Dead at Antietam, which was part of the Civil War collection of the Battle of Antietam in 1863. When these photographs were shown to people, the people got a true essence of what war was like during this time period, as witnessed by photographers. The work Dead at Antietam by Matthew Brady should be restored because people who enjoy photography would be very interested in learning about its origins.<!--more--><br><br>\nBrady’s Battle of Antietam series, including Death at Antietam, were innovative of the nineteenth century because this is the first time in history that people experienced the horrific life of war. Seeing realistic vivid footage of war was extremely alarming to people as well as influential. On the bright side, this new concept of photography allowed Civil War soldiers and families to see pictures of each other. It also served a method of communication between the home and war fronts so all Americans could see what was going on with their loved ones. Thanks to photography, mothers and children of soldiers got a big picture of the tragic and bloody events of the American Civil War.<br><br>\nUnlike art, which did not portray Realism, photography had people frightened about the massive shootings in the North. The American Civil War was the first war to be shown in photographs instead of canvas art. People across America were enlightened by photography, especially Civil War soldiers, who had a great opportunity of connecting with their families. On the war front, soldiers had professional photographs sent home thanks to portrait studios being established on army campsites. Americans were thankful for these photos because they never knew if their loved ones would return home again. With realistic pictorial images, photography was a source of visual information across the United States that was helpful in keeping families together.<br><br>\nIn the era of the twenty-first century, Brady’s photographs have travelled all across the United States. Museums such as the Smithsonian’s National Portrait Gallery and the National Civil War Medicine. At the Smithsonian, portraits of Civil War Union soldiers are currently on display. At the National Museum of Civil War Medicine, the Antietam series has been recreated and put on display. To this day, Brady’s portraits have been a liking to museum scholars alike as well as museum patrons.<br><br>\nBrady’s work has sparked my interests because I knew very little about photography’s origins, nor did I know that war was a big interest to early photographers. I was impressed how early cameras took extraordinary photographs. Also, I found amazing how much these photographs how big of an impact these photographs had on families on the home front. One thing I did not appreciate so much is the fact that Brady was credited for fellow co-photographer Alexander Gardener’s work. I believe that Gardener should have received credit because he had taken most of the photos. If I was Brady, I would have given Gardner full credit for his work and praised him for taking the photographs for me.\n<br><br>\nWhile the debut of taking war photographs occurred during the Civil War, the concept of showing war on television first appeared during the Vietnam War. This televised war had a big impact on families across the United States for ten years because these families ate dinner and watched soldiers being killed. Like Brady’s Civil War photographs, people were disturbed by the sights of the shootings. Having the ability of witnessing moving pictures and sounds, people became increasingly terrified of watching the evening news. Due to television, the Vietnam War was more frightening than the Civil War because of the effect of moving pictures.\n<br><br>\nThe Tet Offensive became the most controversial massacre to be shown on television. People no longer trusted President Lyndon B. Johnson when they saw North Vietnam launching an attack on the United States in Saigon. The evening news had a major effect visually on people as the Vietnam War was the primary news focus on television. In comparison with Brady’s photographs, the Vietnam War television sights were frightening to people in this time period. These two visual sources were successful as they portrayed these wars to Americans by stirring horrific emotions.\nThe photographs by Matthew Brady, especially the Battle of Antietam series, should be restored because I believe learning what the first photographers were interested in may be of interest to people. I think the origins of photography are interesting to learn about because many people like me do not know how photography was invented. For a fact, I am definitely one of those people who found the history of photography to be of great interest. Along with Brady’s Antietam photographs, I think that the stories of the reactions of people and families of soldiers should be restored as well. These people’s stories would provide a good prospective of how they reacted when they viewed these photos for the first time. I enjoyed learning about Matthew Brady as well as the history of photography. As a student, my overall reaction was outstanding when I found out what a large impact on Civil War families. These portraits should definitely be restored to tell stories about how photography was a huge success in the beginning as well as to tell about the Civil War.\n\nBibliography:\n\n\"Mathew B. Brady.\" <i>Encyclopedia of World Biography</i>. Detroit: Gale, 1998. <i>World History In Context</i>. Web. 18 Oct. 2013.\n\n&nbsp;\n\nWert, Jeffry D. \"Civil War Photography.\" <i>Civil War Times</i> 45.6 (2006): 7. <i>MasterFILE Premier</i>. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n\"Civil War Photography.\" <i>www.fofweb.com</i>. American History Online, Web. 20 Oct. 2013.','Matthew Brady\'s Civil War Photography','','inherit','open','open','','3570-autosave-v1','','','2013-11-05 21:45:12','2013-11-06 03:45:12','',3570,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3619',0,'revision','',0),(3620,1,'2013-11-05 21:45:26','2013-11-06 03:45:26','<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/brady.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3615 aligncenter\" alt=\"brady\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/brady-300x168.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" /></a>\"Photograph by Alexander Gardner. <em>Dead at Antietam.</em> October 1862\"</p>\r\nFrom the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, art was an excellent way to portray wars and inventions around the world. Painting showed how artists viewed events, and it successfully could appeal to and shaped how people felt about the world around them. However, beginning in 1835, art had experienced a new rival in terms of picture taking. Photography became popular in the United States and Europe, and this concept brought to the world a more vivid grasp of Realism. By the mid-nineteenth century, people worldwide thought that the camera was an amazing tool. People took photos of geographical icons and monuments. Wars were also a major interest, which inspired photographer Matthew Brady to take a collection of Civil War photographs. One of these photographs was Dead at Antietam, which was part of the Civil War collection of the Battle of Antietam in 1863. When these photographs were shown to people, the people got a true essence of what war was like during this time period, as witnessed by photographers. The work Dead at Antietam by Matthew Brady should be restored because people who enjoy photography would be very interested in learning about its origins.<!--more-->\r\n\r\nBrady’s Battle of Antietam series, including Death at Antietam, were innovative of the nineteenth century because this is the first time in history that people experienced the horrific life of war. Seeing realistic vivid footage of war was extremely alarming to people as well as influential. On the bright side, this new concept of photography allowed Civil War soldiers and families to see pictures of each other. It also served a method of communication between the home and war fronts so all Americans could see what was going on with their loved ones. Thanks to photography, mothers and children of soldiers got a big picture of the tragic and bloody events of the American Civil War.\r\n\r\n\r\nUnlike art, which did not portray Realism, photography had people frightened about the massive shootings in the North. The American Civil War was the first war to be shown in photographs instead of canvas art. People across America were enlightened by photography, especially Civil War soldiers, who had a great opportunity of connecting with their families. On the war front, soldiers had professional photographs sent home thanks to portrait studios being established on army campsites. Americans were thankful for these photos because they never knew if their loved ones would return home again. With realistic pictorial images, photography was a source of visual information across the United States that was helpful in keeping families together.\r\n\r\n\r\nIn the era of the twenty-first century, Brady’s photographs have travelled all across the United States. Museums such as the Smithsonian’s National Portrait Gallery and the National Civil War Medicine. At the Smithsonian, portraits of Civil War Union soldiers are currently on display. At the National Museum of Civil War Medicine, the Antietam series has been recreated and put on display. To this day, Brady’s portraits have been a liking to museum scholars alike as well as museum patrons.\r\n\r\n\r\nBrady’s work has sparked my interests because I knew very little about photography’s origins, nor did I know that war was a big interest to early photographers. I was impressed how early cameras took extraordinary photographs. Also, I found amazing how much these photographs how big of an impact these photographs had on families on the home front. One thing I did not appreciate so much is the fact that Brady was credited for fellow co-photographer Alexander Gardener’s work. I believe that Gardener should have received credit because he had taken most of the photos. If I was Brady, I would have given Gardner full credit for his work and praised him for taking the photographs for me.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nWhile the debut of taking war photographs occurred during the Civil War, the concept of showing war on television first appeared during the Vietnam War. This televised war had a big impact on families across the United States for ten years because these families ate dinner and watched soldiers being killed. Like Brady’s Civil War photographs, people were disturbed by the sights of the shootings. Having the ability of witnessing moving pictures and sounds, people became increasingly terrified of watching the evening news. Due to television, the Vietnam War was more frightening than the Civil War because of the effect of moving pictures.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe Tet Offensive became the most controversial massacre to be shown on television. People no longer trusted President Lyndon B. Johnson when they saw North Vietnam launching an attack on the United States in Saigon. The evening news had a major effect visually on people as the Vietnam War was the primary news focus on television. In comparison with Brady’s photographs, the Vietnam War television sights were frightening to people in this time period. These two visual sources were successful as they portrayed these wars to Americans by stirring horrific emotions.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe photographs by Matthew Brady, especially the Battle of Antietam series, should be restored because I believe learning what the first photographers were interested in may be of interest to people. I think the origins of photography are interesting to learn about because many people like me do not know how photography was invented. For a fact, I am definitely one of those people who found the history of photography to be of great interest. Along with Brady’s Antietam photographs, I think that the stories of the reactions of people and families of soldiers should be restored as well. These people’s stories would provide a good prospective of how they reacted when they viewed these photos for the first time. I enjoyed learning about Matthew Brady as well as the history of photography. As a student, my overall reaction was outstanding when I found out what a large impact on Civil War families. These portraits should definitely be restored to tell stories about how photography was a huge success in the beginning as well as to tell about the Civil War.\r\n\r\nBibliography:\r\n\r\n\"Mathew B. Brady.\" <i>Encyclopedia of World Biography</i>. Detroit: Gale, 1998. <i>World History In Context</i>. Web. 18 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nWert, Jeffry D. \"Civil War Photography.\" <i>Civil War Times</i> 45.6 (2006): 7. <i>MasterFILE Premier</i>. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Civil War Photography.\" <i>www.fofweb.com</i>. American History Online, Web. 20 Oct. 2013.','Matthew Brady\'s Civil War Photography','','inherit','open','open','','3570-revision-v1','','','2013-11-05 21:45:26','2013-11-06 03:45:26','',3570,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3620',0,'revision','',0),