INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (2714,66,'2012-10-15 11:47:49','2012-10-15 17:47:49','<div>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/0.jpg\"><img class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-2710\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/0-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" /></a>\r\n\r\nDon Giovanni\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nWolfgang Amadeus Mozart\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nOctober 29, 1787\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nMozart created an astounding piece of art with Don Giovanni, with its blend of comedic elements with morality and the eventual fate of the antagonist not only makes for a good story, but the score is what makes it arguably one of the best operas of all time. Thus, to its credit, the story has made great subject matter for many writers and philosophers. Don Giovanni should be preserved because the prospect of human nature and human morality created by the antagonist, Don Giovanni, sets up very contemplative and debatable subject matter and that it is considered to be one of the most unique and highly respective operas of all time not only for its music, but also for its story.\r\n\r\n<!--more-->\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nSet is Spain, Don Giovanni is a two act opera centered around  the man Don Giovanni; a young, arrogant, sexually promiscuous man who antagonizes an abuses those around him, \"...an impatient, arrogant man who can be quickly moved to anger and lust.  When he turns on the charm, it\'s to get something that he wants.\" as stated by Classical.net best describes.  Until finally  he eventually meets his fate as he is dragged down to hell by a statue of a man he slayed. This work is unique to itself as it was done by the young Mozart which tells a story through a two act opera. Such was the time that Mozart was considered a genius and a revolutionary in the performing arts. Although vastly considered as a comedy, it is more a blend of comedy, melodrama and supernatural elements.  In an article by Yahoo! Voices, \"Christian Gottfried Körner, a contemporary of Mozart, said of this  renowned composer: \"Mozart was perhaps the only one who could be equally  great in the comic as in the tragic.\", which is no less true of Don Giovanni.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nAs a innovative work, Don Giovanni was unique for it\'s short length and it\'s simple message. At the time of it\'s creation, it followed Mozart\'s earlier opera, The Marriage of Figaro, so it\'s no surprise to any that it was successful since by this time Mozart was a well known composer.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nThe modern artistic audience of today still greatly appreciate this work and is globally ranked as number 10 of the top operas of the world. As being one of Mozart\'s best known works, it is respectfully kept the same by many conductors and composers, Though there have been a handful that have made some slight additions or variations to the work itself. Mozart has always known to be a great composer and his works have been enjoyed by all the generations after him.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nNot knowing much of anything about the composition of music, I do appreciate it\'s complexity and it\'s fitment into the story, thus making it an opera. I find the story to be insightful and particularly relevant. A selfish egotistical man who spent his life hurting others for his own benefit, eventually falls victim to his own deeds  and is dragged down to hell. I find this relevant because selfishness is human nature, and every person is capable of the same actions as Don Giovanni. We often forget the basic laws of nature in that every action has a reaction and that they often find their way back to us. Whether you believe in heaven or hell, there is no excuse not to be a decent, civilized person. Thus, the portrayal of Don being pulled down to hell by the Commendatore, be it literal or not, is something that should be a reminder to not overstep our bounds with one another with the intention of coming out on top.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nWith only a year difference, Mozart composed both The Marriage of Figaro and Don Giovanni, and for the sake of simplicity, to compare and contrast the works of the same composer, it\'s best to have the mindset that it\'s not about the score of the opera, but the choice of the story he wished to convey the music through.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nIn comparison, Mozart did substantially well with both his works. Both are well known and highly regarded operas with a successful score and moral plot to the story line. Though not neither were an original story, their presentation and adaptation into an opera male them both still enjoyable to any audience .\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nIn contrast The Marriage of Figaro is a continuation of another story, The Barber of Seville, what we\'d call today to be a sequel. It also contrasts with Don Giovanni in that it is a much longer opera. Having four acts instead of Don Giovanni\'s two, The Marriage of Figaro is purely more of a comedy versus Don Giovanni as a melodramatic comedy.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nTo make my earlier point  more detailed, the most significant idea of the story, one that future generations should be aware of is the basic flawof our own selfish tendencies, and actions we take regarding them. It\'s a testament to  how easy it is to do as we please without considerations to those around us. This work is an extreme example of the selfishness and disregard by a man that brought his own demise. This story has a message that\'s relevant to all of us, and we should be aware of our thoughts and actions everyday. God-fearing or not, there\'s not excuse to not act like a decent human being. Columbia.edu puts it best, \"… all evildoers must meet such a terrible end.\"\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nAs a final analysis, Don Giovanni is a two act opera centered a selfish, womanizing man who sees only to benefit himself, and disregard the feelings of those around him. As is the fate of many like him, he is pulled down to hell for his refusal to repent for his crimes.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nThis particular TCP was especially difficult. How do you convey music through words? May only response would be that you cannot, you must listen for yourself. The story, however, was easy to explain. It had a simple plot that drove a single point effortlessly. The thing that has helped write this proposal the most would be what I have seen in my lifetime of people who\'ve acted selfishly and karma returned the favor. It\'s not an easy thing to miss, it\'s a cultural thing now, so much so I could write books and rants and still have not said enough about the subject. But let it be known that this work, at it\'s core, serves a good message to people willing to accept it.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div></div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nWorks Cited:\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nPhoto:  http://i.ytimg.com/vi/t_nHeThpfLw/0.jpg\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n\"Classical Net Review - Mozart - Don Giovanni.\" Classical Net Review - Mozart - Don Giovanni. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.classical.net/music/recs/reviews/n/nxs60080a.php&gt;.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n\"...an  impatient, arrogant man who can be quickly moved to anger and lust.  When he turns on the charm, it\'s to get something that he wants.\"\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nBrode, Alyssa. \"Synopsis and Historical Context of Mozart\'s \'Don Giovanni\'\" Yahoo! Contributor Network.  Yahoo Contributer Network, 15 Nov. 2011. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.  &lt;http://voices.yahoo.com/synopsis-historical-context-mozarts-don-giovanni-10428675.html&gt;.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nChristian  Gottfried Körner, a contemporary of Mozart, said of this renowned  composer: \"Mozart was perhaps the only one who could be equally great in  the comic as in the tragic.\"\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n NYC Opera, comp. \"Mozart: Don Giovanni.\" New York City Opera Project: Don Giovanni (n.d.): n. pag. Mozart: Don Giovanni. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.columbia.edu/itc/music/NYCO/dongiovanni/synopsis.html&gt;.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n\"… all evildoers must meet such a terrible end.\"\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n.\r\n\r\n</div>','Mozart\'s Don Giovanni','','inherit','open','open','','2692-revision-10','','','2012-10-15 11:47:49','2012-10-15 17:47:49','',2692,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2714',0,'revision','',0),(2716,59,'2012-10-15 11:53:50','2012-10-15 17:53:50','Mozart was a child prodigy that helped form Classical music as we know it today.  “He began composing at the age of about five, and during the thirty remaining years of his life he wrote some 600 works.”  (Hannis).  “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” or if you don’t speak German, “A Little Night Music” was one of his most popular pieces.  Hands down, all of Mozart’s music is genius and beautifully tuned from his symphonies to his concertos.  “A Little Night Music” is a serenade and the occasion that it was written for in 1787 is still unknown.  The piece is made up of four movements, a typical characteristic of the Classical movement.  The first movement, allegro, is Mozart’s best known single movement ever created.  The musical phrases rise and fall in pitch and seem to answer each other back and forth.  Mozart’s rhythm stays on beat and he “perfectly illustrates the classical qualities of contrast and balance.” (Fiero).  With his tune precise, he flows into 3 more movements and left us with a masterpiece.  Whether you’re in an elevator going to an important meeting or watching a local orchestra recreate this serenade, you will enjoy it.  Without Mozart and the other great composers we would have missed out on music that shaped today’s era.  “A Little Night Music” should be preserved because it helped define the classical period and is still very popular today.<!--more-->\n\nThe Baroque period gave birth to the classical period in music.  Wind instruments were created and it was exciting because composers had new tools.  Instruments begin to replace vocals and orchestras made up a lot of classical period music.  Concertos and sonatas were created in the Baroque period and a lot of those styles dominated the classical period.   The classical period describes a particular musical style that triumphed in Europe between approximately 1760 and 1820.  “Classical composers most of whom came from Germany and Austria, wrote homophonic compositions with easy-to-grasp melodies, which are repeated or developed within a definitive formal structure.” (Fiero).  The three main composers that dominated the classical period were Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig Beethoven, and Franz Joseph Hayden.  They replaced Baroque polyphony with distinct musical phrases.  Harmony became very important and composers were popular.  Mozart and these guys were in very high demand and everyone wanted their music performed.  Mozart was writing his infamous “Don Giovanni” while he composed “A Little Night Music” and they are both dramatic in quality.  Keith Hannis from BBC Radio says it best: “There was clarity in both sound and form, and a satisfying balance between contrasting related elements in the music (e.g. piano and forte, question and answer, light and dark).”  During this time, church music was still in high demand but it was being overshadowed by all the music composed for secular entertainment.  Mozart was a court musician for the Archbishop of Salzburg for years and finally made a daring decision and went out to pursue an independent career.  Musical instruments were becoming very sophisticated during the classical period.  The orchestra consisted of many instruments that were all related such as: the strings (violins, violas, cellos, and double basses), the wood-winds (flutes, oboes, clarinets, and bassoons), the brass section (trumpets and French horns), and the percussion section (kettledrums).  Each section of the orchestra had its own purpose in the whole make-up of the symphony or movement that was created by the composer.  The orchestra was very essential to this time period because it formed the music created by the composer.  The different sounds and variations of instruments gave the music attitude, grace, and purpose.  Sometimes composers would use a single instrument (concerto), a whole symphony, or just the string section.  It all depended on the meaning of the piece and the play the composer wanted the audience to experience in musical form.\n\n“A little night Music” is innovative and unusual for its time because it sums up the whole classical period in a short serenade.  Most symphonies were long and “A little night Music” was short, concise, and to the point.  The reason it was written is unknown so that gives a mysterious aspect to the piece.  Serenades like this were often used as background music for festive occasions and large social gatherings.  Mozart was really sick when he wrote it and often people are curious as to what was going through his head and the emotions he was feeling.  “A little night music” is purposeful, alert, energetic, and busy.  The first movement of the serenade defined the whole piece and is the most popular by hear.  “A little Night Music” defines the characteristic of call and answer that dominated the classical period.  The classical period was in fact a very short period too.  Most music composed at this time is important and relevant.  Popular pieces of this time include Beethoven’s “Moonlight Sonata” and “Fur Elise.”  Haydn’s popular pieces are Symphonies No. 44 and No. 104.  All of these pieces are genius and the music from this period will be forever popular and norm.  Mozart only lived to be thirty-five; this piece is even more unusual and argues for preservation because he was only able to express his musical brilliance for a short period.  When a person thinks of the classical period, they can recall “A little Night Music” almost immediately.  Its popularity and obvious classical characteristics make it stand out from typical music of that time.\n\nAfter Mozart’s death, “A Little Night Music” was lost for a little bit.  It was not until 1827 that is was first performed.  “A Little Night Music” originally had five movements according to Mozart’s journals but one was lost between the period of when it was written and when it was first performed.  According to Google’s Ngram viewer that tracks the popularity of the title “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik,” it gained fame after 1920’s.  So in fact, the time that this masterpiece was written in 1787, people had no appreciation for it because it was undiscovered.  With the invention of the recorded media Mozart gained his popularity and recognition for “A Little Night Music.”\n\nToday “A Little Night Music” can be heard all around the world.  Although it can be used as music to entertain you while on hold or in an elevator, it’s importance and popularity is huge.  There was a big debate called “The Mozart Effect.”  In 1993, the University of California at Irvine conducted studies on students listening to Mozart before their tests and their test scores improved.  Researchers started saying that listening to Mozart could help you think more cognitively and “make you smarter.”  The tests were never duplicated but Mozart gained major popularity and his music was playing everywhere.  The Baltimore Symphony, The Illinois Symphony, and The Rockford Symphony, have all recreated “A Little Night Music.”  That is only to name a few!  Mozart is a household name.  “A Little Night Music” has been played in major movies including: <em>There’s Something About Mary, G.I. Jane, Daddy Day Care, Batman, Alien, Ace Ventura,</em> and my favorite <em>Fantasia</em>.  Obviously if this piece is being reproduced and used in top-selling movies, it is only common sense that people think highly of it.  The audiences of the movies range as well and from toddlers to adults Mozart is a favorite.  “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” is a staple of the classical period and its popularity is at its height today.  I think this serenade will forever be appreciated, reproduced, and studied for generations to come.  I find the elegance of the piece from the time it was written particularly meaningful.  The boldness in the first movement that is bursting with energy can always bring a smile on a gloomy day.  I was a piano player when I was young so this piece is nostalgic to me.  I also loved Fantasia so I was familiar with the piece from being a little girl.  Its history is huge in not only music but the instruments that were being created at that time.  It was made for a string quartet or a pianist, but the full symphony effect creates a big statement and entrance.\n\nLudwig Van Beethoven was another important composer of the classical period.  One of his most famous pieces and a very recognized piece of the classical period is, “Fur Elise”.  Translated to “For Elise” there is a lot of speculation around the purpose the bagatelle was created.  A bagatelle literally means a thing of little or no value but, “Fur Elise” became highly familiar.  A small piece but just as recognizable as one of Beethoven’s symphonies.  Just like Mozart’s, “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” there is a mysterious feature to the creation of the short piece.  Written in 1810, no distinct records or letters mention “Elise” after Beethoven’s death in 1827.  “Fur Elise” was also published after Beethoven’s death in 1865 like Mozart’s “A Little Night Music.”  “’Fur Elise” is a common catalyst and inspiration that causes many people to become interested in the piano.”  “A Little Night Music” made people interested in the symphony.  “A Little Night Music” has a grand and bold entrance while “Fur Elise” is soothing and gradual.  Both pieces reflect distinct classical period characteristics and had composers that defined classical music.  They are both similar in popularity and are recreated by famous symphonies and pianists.  People know both of them by ear and the composers are household names.  The pieces play a huge history in musical instruments such as the strings and the piano.  “Fur Elise” and “A Little Night Music” are both important to the history of classical music.  They are small pieces written for no particular reason but became influential in the creation of symphonies, musical instruments, and modern music.\n\n“Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” is so widely accepted and appreciated already.  Its popularity can be seen in movies, literature, local symphonies, and high school bands.  The classical period was short but sweet and will always be studied and researched as long as music continues to play a significant part of society.  It is important for future generations to be aware of the history and context of different genres of music and their impact on society.  The classical period is such a small part of music as a whole but, very important and significant.  It is important that Mozart and “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” are preserved so we can be aware of one of the greatest composers of all time.  We can continue to study and recreate his music and it will never get old.\n\n&nbsp;\n<p align=\"center\"></p>\n<p align=\"center\"></p>\n<p align=\"center\">Works Cited</p>\n\"Baltimore Symphony Orchestra Program Notes.\" Baltimore Symphony Orchestra - Program Notes 2009 - 2010 Season. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.bsomusic.org/main.taf?p=1,1,1,10,1&gt;.\n\nThis article is program notes to a symphony. It has background information on Mozart and \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik,\" It also has information on other symphonies Mozart created. I used it for background information and to show popularity of different symphonies that recreated his music.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n\"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik between 1800 and 2000.\" <em>Google Ngram Viewer</em>. Google, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Eine+Kleine+Nachtmusik&amp;year_start=1800&amp;year_end=2000&amp;corpus=0&amp;smoothing=3&gt;.\n\nThe Google Ngram viewer allows you to search a title or group of words and it will show you when it gained popularity or when that title showed up in books. I used this source to search when \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik\" was popular and when it was showing up in books and publications.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\nFiero, Gloria K. The Humanistic Tradition. Vol 2. Books 3-6. 6<sup>th</sup> ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. eBook. McGraw-Hill’s Connect. 2011. Web. Fall 2012.\n\nThis textbook provides information and history on art, religion, philosophy, and architecture.  I used this textbook for research on Mozart and the Classical music period.\n\n&nbsp;\n\nGreen, Aaron. \"\"Fur Elise\" by Ludwig Van Beethoven.\" About.com Classical Music. About.com, n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://classicalmusic.about.com/od/onestopbeethoven/qt/beethove-fur-elise.htm&gt;.\n\nThis article is about \"Fur Elise\" and the history of the piece. It has basic information about when it was created and some basic information on Ludwig Van Beethoven himself.\n\n&nbsp;\n\nHannis, Keith. \"BBC Radio Discovering Music \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik\"\" Mozart\'s Eine Kleine Nachtmusik. BBC Radio 3. 9 Jan. 2011. Www.bbc.com. BBC Radio. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00x1s9p&gt;. Transcript.\n\nThis source is listening notes that go along with a program about Mozart\'s \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik.\" The notes analyze the structure and style of the music. Information and history is also provided. I used this source for a better understand of musical terms used to describe this piece professionally. I used this source for history and for a review of the piece.\n\n&nbsp;\n\nJones, Martin. \"Human Intelligence: Mozart Effect.\" <em>Human Intelligence: Mozart Effect</em>. Indiana University, 2003. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/mozarteffect2.shtml&gt;.\n\nThis article provides information about \"The Mozart Effect.\" It includes a summary of the research and information on opinions about the research and whether it\'s true or false. I used this website for general information about the study.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n\"Program Notes - Illinois Chamber Orchestra I.\" Illinois Symphony Orchestra. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.ilsymphony.org/concerts/illinois-chamber-orchestra/program-notes-ico-1.html&gt;.\n\nThe Illinois Symphony Orchestra provides program information about \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik.\" They have some background and history about Mozart and when the piece was created. I used this source to show popularity and general research about the piece.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;','Mozart\'s \"A Little Night Music\"','','inherit','open','open','','2715-revision','','','2012-10-15 11:53:50','2012-10-15 17:53:50','',2715,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2716',0,'revision','',0),(2715,59,'2012-10-15 11:57:47','2012-10-15 17:57:47','<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/WolfgangAmadeusMozart.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2717\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/WolfgangAmadeusMozart.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" /></a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">http://www.broadstreetreview.com/index.php/main/article/What_was_Mozart_thinking</p>\r\nMozart was a child prodigy that helped form Classical music as we know it today.  “He began composing at the age of about five, and during the thirty remaining years of his life he wrote some 600 works.”  (Hannis).  “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” or if you don’t speak German, “A Little Night Music” was one of his most popular pieces.  Hands down, all of Mozart’s music is genius and beautifully tuned from his symphonies to his concertos.  “A Little Night Music” is a serenade and the occasion that it was written for in 1787 is still unknown.  The piece is made up of four movements, a typical characteristic of the Classical movement.  The first movement, allegro, is Mozart’s best known single movement ever created.  The musical phrases rise and fall in pitch and seem to answer each other back and forth.  Mozart’s rhythm stays on beat and he “perfectly illustrates the classical qualities of contrast and balance.” (Fiero).  With his tune precise, he flows into 3 more movements and left us with a masterpiece.  Whether you’re in an elevator going to an important meeting or watching a local orchestra recreate this serenade, you will enjoy it.  Without Mozart and the other great composers we would have missed out on music that shaped today’s era.  “A Little Night Music” should be preserved because it helped define the classical period and is still very popular today.<!--more-->\r\n\r\nThe Baroque period gave birth to the classical period in music.  Wind instruments were created and it was exciting because composers had new tools.  Instruments begin to replace vocals and orchestras made up a lot of classical period music.  Concertos and sonatas were created in the Baroque period and a lot of those styles dominated the classical period.   The classical period describes a particular musical style that triumphed in Europe between approximately 1760 and 1820.  “Classical composers most of whom came from Germany and Austria, wrote homophonic compositions with easy-to-grasp melodies, which are repeated or developed within a definitive formal structure.” (Fiero).  The three main composers that dominated the classical period were Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig Beethoven, and Franz Joseph Hayden.  They replaced Baroque polyphony with distinct musical phrases.  Harmony became very important and composers were popular.  Mozart and these guys were in very high demand and everyone wanted their music performed.  Mozart was writing his infamous “Don Giovanni” while he composed “A Little Night Music” and they are both dramatic in quality.  Keith Hannis from BBC Radio says it best: “There was clarity in both sound and form, and a satisfying balance between contrasting related elements in the music (e.g. piano and forte, question and answer, light and dark).”  During this time, church music was still in high demand but it was being overshadowed by all the music composed for secular entertainment.  Mozart was a court musician for the Archbishop of Salzburg for years and finally made a daring decision and went out to pursue an independent career.  Musical instruments were becoming very sophisticated during the classical period.  The orchestra consisted of many instruments that were all related such as: the strings (violins, violas, cellos, and double basses), the wood-winds (flutes, oboes, clarinets, and bassoons), the brass section (trumpets and French horns), and the percussion section (kettledrums).  Each section of the orchestra had its own purpose in the whole make-up of the symphony or movement that was created by the composer.  The orchestra was very essential to this time period because it formed the music created by the composer.  The different sounds and variations of instruments gave the music attitude, grace, and purpose.  Sometimes composers would use a single instrument (concerto), a whole symphony, or just the string section.  It all depended on the meaning of the piece and the play the composer wanted the audience to experience in musical form.\r\n\r\n“A little night Music” is innovative and unusual for its time because it sums up the whole classical period in a short serenade.  Most symphonies were long and “A little night Music” was short, concise, and to the point.  The reason it was written is unknown so that gives a mysterious aspect to the piece.  Serenades like this were often used as background music for festive occasions and large social gatherings.  Mozart was really sick when he wrote it and often people are curious as to what was going through his head and the emotions he was feeling.  “A little night music” is purposeful, alert, energetic, and busy.  The first movement of the serenade defined the whole piece and is the most popular by hear.  “A little Night Music” defines the characteristic of call and answer that dominated the classical period.  The classical period was in fact a very short period too.  Most music composed at this time is important and relevant.  Popular pieces of this time include Beethoven’s “Moonlight Sonata” and “Fur Elise.”  Haydn’s popular pieces are Symphonies No. 44 and No. 104.  All of these pieces are genius and the music from this period will be forever popular and norm.  Mozart only lived to be thirty-five; this piece is even more unusual and argues for preservation because he was only able to express his musical brilliance for a short period.  When a person thinks of the classical period, they can recall “A little Night Music” almost immediately.  Its popularity and obvious classical characteristics make it stand out from typical music of that time.\r\n\r\nAfter Mozart’s death, “A Little Night Music” was lost for a little bit.  It was not until 1827 that is was first performed.  “A Little Night Music” originally had five movements according to Mozart’s journals but one was lost between the period of when it was written and when it was first performed.  According to Google’s Ngram viewer that tracks the popularity of the title “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik,” it gained fame after 1920’s.  So in fact, the time that this masterpiece was written in 1787, people had no appreciation for it because it was undiscovered.  With the invention of the recorded media Mozart gained his popularity and recognition for “A Little Night Music.”\r\n\r\nToday “A Little Night Music” can be heard all around the world.  Although it can be used as music to entertain you while on hold or in an elevator, it’s importance and popularity is huge.  There was a big debate called “The Mozart Effect.”  In 1993, the University of California at Irvine conducted studies on students listening to Mozart before their tests and their test scores improved.  Researchers started saying that listening to Mozart could help you think more cognitively and “make you smarter.”  The tests were never duplicated but Mozart gained major popularity and his music was playing everywhere.  The Baltimore Symphony, The Illinois Symphony, and The Rockford Symphony, have all recreated “A Little Night Music.”  That is only to name a few!  Mozart is a household name.  “A Little Night Music” has been played in major movies including: <em>There’s Something About Mary, G.I. Jane, Daddy Day Care, Batman, Alien, Ace Ventura,</em> and my favorite <em>Fantasia</em>.  Obviously if this piece is being reproduced and used in top-selling movies, it is only common sense that people think highly of it.  The audiences of the movies range as well and from toddlers to adults Mozart is a favorite.  “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” is a staple of the classical period and its popularity is at its height today.  I think this serenade will forever be appreciated, reproduced, and studied for generations to come.  I find the elegance of the piece from the time it was written particularly meaningful.  The boldness in the first movement that is bursting with energy can always bring a smile on a gloomy day.  I was a piano player when I was young so this piece is nostalgic to me.  I also loved Fantasia so I was familiar with the piece from being a little girl.  Its history is huge in not only music but the instruments that were being created at that time.  It was made for a string quartet or a pianist, but the full symphony effect creates a big statement and entrance.\r\n\r\nLudwig Van Beethoven was another important composer of the classical period.  One of his most famous pieces and a very recognized piece of the classical period is, “Fur Elise”.  Translated to “For Elise” there is a lot of speculation around the purpose the bagatelle was created.  A bagatelle literally means a thing of little or no value but, “Fur Elise” became highly familiar.  A small piece but just as recognizable as one of Beethoven’s symphonies.  Just like Mozart’s, “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” there is a mysterious feature to the creation of the short piece.  Written in 1810, no distinct records or letters mention “Elise” after Beethoven’s death in 1827.  “Fur Elise” was also published after Beethoven’s death in 1865 like Mozart’s “A Little Night Music.”  “’Fur Elise” is a common catalyst and inspiration that causes many people to become interested in the piano.”  “A Little Night Music” made people interested in the symphony.  “A Little Night Music” has a grand and bold entrance while “Fur Elise” is soothing and gradual.  Both pieces reflect distinct classical period characteristics and had composers that defined classical music.  They are both similar in popularity and are recreated by famous symphonies and pianists.  People know both of them by ear and the composers are household names.  The pieces play a huge history in musical instruments such as the strings and the piano.  “Fur Elise” and “A Little Night Music” are both important to the history of classical music.  They are small pieces written for no particular reason but became influential in the creation of symphonies, musical instruments, and modern music.\r\n\r\n“Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” is so widely accepted and appreciated already.  Its popularity can be seen in movies, literature, local symphonies, and high school bands.  The classical period was short but sweet and will always be studied and researched as long as music continues to play a significant part of society.  It is important for future generations to be aware of the history and context of different genres of music and their impact on society.  The classical period is such a small part of music as a whole but, very important and significant.  It is important that Mozart and “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” are preserved so we can be aware of one of the greatest composers of all time.  We can continue to study and recreate his music and it will never get old.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p align=\"center\">Works Cited</p>\r\n\"Baltimore Symphony Orchestra Program Notes.\" Baltimore Symphony Orchestra - Program Notes 2009 - 2010 Season. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.bsomusic.org/main.taf?p=1,1,1,10,1&gt;.\r\n\r\nThis article is program notes to a symphony. It has background information on Mozart and \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik,\" It also has information on other symphonies Mozart created. I used it for background information and to show popularity of different symphonies that recreated his music.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik between 1800 and 2000.\" <em>Google Ngram Viewer</em>. Google, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Eine+Kleine+Nachtmusik&amp;year_start=1800&amp;year_end=2000&amp;corpus=0&amp;smoothing=3&gt;.\r\n\r\nThe Google Ngram viewer allows you to search a title or group of words and it will show you when it gained popularity or when that title showed up in books. I used this source to search when \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik\" was popular and when it was showing up in books and publications.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nFiero, Gloria K. The Humanistic Tradition. Vol 2. Books 3-6. 6<sup>th</sup> ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. eBook. McGraw-Hill’s Connect. 2011. Web. Fall 2012.\r\n\r\nThis textbook provides information and history on art, religion, philosophy, and architecture.  I used this textbook for research on Mozart and the Classical music period.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGreen, Aaron. \"\"Fur Elise\" by Ludwig Van Beethoven.\" About.com Classical Music. About.com, n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://classicalmusic.about.com/od/onestopbeethoven/qt/beethove-fur-elise.htm&gt;.\r\n\r\nThis article is about \"Fur Elise\" and the history of the piece. It has basic information about when it was created and some basic information on Ludwig Van Beethoven himself.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHannis, Keith. \"BBC Radio Discovering Music \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik\"\" Mozart\'s Eine Kleine Nachtmusik. BBC Radio 3. 9 Jan. 2011. Www.bbc.com. BBC Radio. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00x1s9p&gt;. Transcript.\r\n\r\nThis source is listening notes that go along with a program about Mozart\'s \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik.\" The notes analyze the structure and style of the music. Information and history is also provided. I used this source for a better understand of musical terms used to describe this piece professionally. I used this source for history and for a review of the piece.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nJones, Martin. \"Human Intelligence: Mozart Effect.\" <em>Human Intelligence: Mozart Effect</em>. Indiana University, 2003. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/mozarteffect2.shtml&gt;.\r\n\r\nThis article provides information about \"The Mozart Effect.\" It includes a summary of the research and information on opinions about the research and whether it\'s true or false. I used this website for general information about the study.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Program Notes - Illinois Chamber Orchestra I.\" Illinois Symphony Orchestra. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.ilsymphony.org/concerts/illinois-chamber-orchestra/program-notes-ico-1.html&gt;.\r\n\r\nThe Illinois Symphony Orchestra provides program information about \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik.\" They have some background and history about Mozart and when the piece was created. I used this source to show popularity and general research about the piece.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Mozart\'s \"A Little Night Music\"','','publish','open','open','','mozarts-a-little-night-music','','','2012-10-15 14:37:27','2012-10-15 20:37:27','',0,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2715',0,'post','',15),(2717,59,'2012-10-15 11:55:31','2012-10-15 17:55:31','','Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart','','inherit','open','open','','wolfgangamadeusmozart','','','2012-10-15 11:55:31','2012-10-15 17:55:31','',2715,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/WolfgangAmadeusMozart.jpg',0,'attachment','image/jpeg',0),(2718,59,'2012-10-15 11:56:09','2012-10-15 17:56:09','<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/WolfgangAmadeusMozart.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2717\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/WolfgangAmadeusMozart.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" /></a>\n\n&nbsp;\n\nMozart was a child prodigy that helped form Classical music as we know it today.  “He began composing at the age of about five, and during the thirty remaining years of his life he wrote some 600 works.”  (Hannis).  “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” or if you don’t speak German, “A Little Night Music” was one of his most popular pieces.  Hands down, all of Mozart’s music is genius and beautifully tuned from his symphonies to his concertos.  “A Little Night Music” is a serenade and the occasion that it was written for in 1787 is still unknown.  The piece is made up of four movements, a typical characteristic of the Classical movement.  The first movement, allegro, is Mozart’s best known single movement ever created.  The musical phrases rise and fall in pitch and seem to answer each other back and forth.  Mozart’s rhythm stays on beat and he “perfectly illustrates the classical qualities of contrast and balance.” (Fiero).  With his tune precise, he flows into 3 more movements and left us with a masterpiece.  Whether you’re in an elevator going to an important meeting or watching a local orchestra recreate this serenade, you will enjoy it.  Without Mozart and the other great composers we would have missed out on music that shaped today’s era.  “A Little Night Music” should be preserved because it helped define the classical period and is still very popular today.<!--more-->\n\nThe Baroque period gave birth to the classical period in music.  Wind instruments were created and it was exciting because composers had new tools.  Instruments begin to replace vocals and orchestras made up a lot of classical period music.  Concertos and sonatas were created in the Baroque period and a lot of those styles dominated the classical period.   The classical period describes a particular musical style that triumphed in Europe between approximately 1760 and 1820.  “Classical composers most of whom came from Germany and Austria, wrote homophonic compositions with easy-to-grasp melodies, which are repeated or developed within a definitive formal structure.” (Fiero).  The three main composers that dominated the classical period were Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig Beethoven, and Franz Joseph Hayden.  They replaced Baroque polyphony with distinct musical phrases.  Harmony became very important and composers were popular.  Mozart and these guys were in very high demand and everyone wanted their music performed.  Mozart was writing his infamous “Don Giovanni” while he composed “A Little Night Music” and they are both dramatic in quality.  Keith Hannis from BBC Radio says it best: “There was clarity in both sound and form, and a satisfying balance between contrasting related elements in the music (e.g. piano and forte, question and answer, light and dark).”  During this time, church music was still in high demand but it was being overshadowed by all the music composed for secular entertainment.  Mozart was a court musician for the Archbishop of Salzburg for years and finally made a daring decision and went out to pursue an independent career.  Musical instruments were becoming very sophisticated during the classical period.  The orchestra consisted of many instruments that were all related such as: the strings (violins, violas, cellos, and double basses), the wood-winds (flutes, oboes, clarinets, and bassoons), the brass section (trumpets and French horns), and the percussion section (kettledrums).  Each section of the orchestra had its own purpose in the whole make-up of the symphony or movement that was created by the composer.  The orchestra was very essential to this time period because it formed the music created by the composer.  The different sounds and variations of instruments gave the music attitude, grace, and purpose.  Sometimes composers would use a single instrument (concerto), a whole symphony, or just the string section.  It all depended on the meaning of the piece and the play the composer wanted the audience to experience in musical form.\n\n“A little night Music” is innovative and unusual for its time because it sums up the whole classical period in a short serenade.  Most symphonies were long and “A little night Music” was short, concise, and to the point.  The reason it was written is unknown so that gives a mysterious aspect to the piece.  Serenades like this were often used as background music for festive occasions and large social gatherings.  Mozart was really sick when he wrote it and often people are curious as to what was going through his head and the emotions he was feeling.  “A little night music” is purposeful, alert, energetic, and busy.  The first movement of the serenade defined the whole piece and is the most popular by hear.  “A little Night Music” defines the characteristic of call and answer that dominated the classical period.  The classical period was in fact a very short period too.  Most music composed at this time is important and relevant.  Popular pieces of this time include Beethoven’s “Moonlight Sonata” and “Fur Elise.”  Haydn’s popular pieces are Symphonies No. 44 and No. 104.  All of these pieces are genius and the music from this period will be forever popular and norm.  Mozart only lived to be thirty-five; this piece is even more unusual and argues for preservation because he was only able to express his musical brilliance for a short period.  When a person thinks of the classical period, they can recall “A little Night Music” almost immediately.  Its popularity and obvious classical characteristics make it stand out from typical music of that time.\n\nAfter Mozart’s death, “A Little Night Music” was lost for a little bit.  It was not until 1827 that is was first performed.  “A Little Night Music” originally had five movements according to Mozart’s journals but one was lost between the period of when it was written and when it was first performed.  According to Google’s Ngram viewer that tracks the popularity of the title “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik,” it gained fame after 1920’s.  So in fact, the time that this masterpiece was written in 1787, people had no appreciation for it because it was undiscovered.  With the invention of the recorded media Mozart gained his popularity and recognition for “A Little Night Music.”\n\nToday “A Little Night Music” can be heard all around the world.  Although it can be used as music to entertain you while on hold or in an elevator, it’s importance and popularity is huge.  There was a big debate called “The Mozart Effect.”  In 1993, the University of California at Irvine conducted studies on students listening to Mozart before their tests and their test scores improved.  Researchers started saying that listening to Mozart could help you think more cognitively and “make you smarter.”  The tests were never duplicated but Mozart gained major popularity and his music was playing everywhere.  The Baltimore Symphony, The Illinois Symphony, and The Rockford Symphony, have all recreated “A Little Night Music.”  That is only to name a few!  Mozart is a household name.  “A Little Night Music” has been played in major movies including: <em>There’s Something About Mary, G.I. Jane, Daddy Day Care, Batman, Alien, Ace Ventura,</em> and my favorite <em>Fantasia</em>.  Obviously if this piece is being reproduced and used in top-selling movies, it is only common sense that people think highly of it.  The audiences of the movies range as well and from toddlers to adults Mozart is a favorite.  “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” is a staple of the classical period and its popularity is at its height today.  I think this serenade will forever be appreciated, reproduced, and studied for generations to come.  I find the elegance of the piece from the time it was written particularly meaningful.  The boldness in the first movement that is bursting with energy can always bring a smile on a gloomy day.  I was a piano player when I was young so this piece is nostalgic to me.  I also loved Fantasia so I was familiar with the piece from being a little girl.  Its history is huge in not only music but the instruments that were being created at that time.  It was made for a string quartet or a pianist, but the full symphony effect creates a big statement and entrance.\n\nLudwig Van Beethoven was another important composer of the classical period.  One of his most famous pieces and a very recognized piece of the classical period is, “Fur Elise”.  Translated to “For Elise” there is a lot of speculation around the purpose the bagatelle was created.  A bagatelle literally means a thing of little or no value but, “Fur Elise” became highly familiar.  A small piece but just as recognizable as one of Beethoven’s symphonies.  Just like Mozart’s, “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” there is a mysterious feature to the creation of the short piece.  Written in 1810, no distinct records or letters mention “Elise” after Beethoven’s death in 1827.  “Fur Elise” was also published after Beethoven’s death in 1865 like Mozart’s “A Little Night Music.”  “’Fur Elise” is a common catalyst and inspiration that causes many people to become interested in the piano.”  “A Little Night Music” made people interested in the symphony.  “A Little Night Music” has a grand and bold entrance while “Fur Elise” is soothing and gradual.  Both pieces reflect distinct classical period characteristics and had composers that defined classical music.  They are both similar in popularity and are recreated by famous symphonies and pianists.  People know both of them by ear and the composers are household names.  The pieces play a huge history in musical instruments such as the strings and the piano.  “Fur Elise” and “A Little Night Music” are both important to the history of classical music.  They are small pieces written for no particular reason but became influential in the creation of symphonies, musical instruments, and modern music.\n\n“Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” is so widely accepted and appreciated already.  Its popularity can be seen in movies, literature, local symphonies, and high school bands.  The classical period was short but sweet and will always be studied and researched as long as music continues to play a significant part of society.  It is important for future generations to be aware of the history and context of different genres of music and their impact on society.  The classical period is such a small part of music as a whole but, very important and significant.  It is important that Mozart and “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” are preserved so we can be aware of one of the greatest composers of all time.  We can continue to study and recreate his music and it will never get old.\n\n&nbsp;\n<p align=\"center\">Works Cited</p>\n\"Baltimore Symphony Orchestra Program Notes.\" Baltimore Symphony Orchestra - Program Notes 2009 - 2010 Season. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.bsomusic.org/main.taf?p=1,1,1,10,1&gt;.\n\nThis article is program notes to a symphony. It has background information on Mozart and \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik,\" It also has information on other symphonies Mozart created. I used it for background information and to show popularity of different symphonies that recreated his music.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n\"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik between 1800 and 2000.\" <em>Google Ngram Viewer</em>. Google, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Eine+Kleine+Nachtmusik&amp;year_start=1800&amp;year_end=2000&amp;corpus=0&amp;smoothing=3&gt;.\n\nThe Google Ngram viewer allows you to search a title or group of words and it will show you when it gained popularity or when that title showed up in books. I used this source to search when \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik\" was popular and when it was showing up in books and publications.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\nFiero, Gloria K. The Humanistic Tradition. Vol 2. Books 3-6. 6<sup>th</sup> ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. eBook. McGraw-Hill’s Connect. 2011. Web. Fall 2012.\n\nThis textbook provides information and history on art, religion, philosophy, and architecture.  I used this textbook for research on Mozart and the Classical music period.\n\n&nbsp;\n\nGreen, Aaron. \"\"Fur Elise\" by Ludwig Van Beethoven.\" About.com Classical Music. About.com, n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://classicalmusic.about.com/od/onestopbeethoven/qt/beethove-fur-elise.htm&gt;.\n\nThis article is about \"Fur Elise\" and the history of the piece. It has basic information about when it was created and some basic information on Ludwig Van Beethoven himself.\n\n&nbsp;\n\nHannis, Keith. \"BBC Radio Discovering Music \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik\"\" Mozart\'s Eine Kleine Nachtmusik. BBC Radio 3. 9 Jan. 2011. Www.bbc.com. BBC Radio. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00x1s9p&gt;. Transcript.\n\nThis source is listening notes that go along with a program about Mozart\'s \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik.\" The notes analyze the structure and style of the music. Information and history is also provided. I used this source for a better understand of musical terms used to describe this piece professionally. I used this source for history and for a review of the piece.\n\n&nbsp;\n\nJones, Martin. \"Human Intelligence: Mozart Effect.\" <em>Human Intelligence: Mozart Effect</em>. Indiana University, 2003. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/mozarteffect2.shtml&gt;.\n\nThis article provides information about \"The Mozart Effect.\" It includes a summary of the research and information on opinions about the research and whether it\'s true or false. I used this website for general information about the study.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n\"Program Notes - Illinois Chamber Orchestra I.\" Illinois Symphony Orchestra. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.ilsymphony.org/concerts/illinois-chamber-orchestra/program-notes-ico-1.html&gt;.\n\nThe Illinois Symphony Orchestra provides program information about \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik.\" They have some background and history about Mozart and when the piece was created. I used this source to show popularity and general research about the piece.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;','Mozart\'s \"A Little Night Music\"','','inherit','open','open','','2715-revision-2','','','2012-10-15 11:56:09','2012-10-15 17:56:09','',2715,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2718',0,'revision','',0),(2719,59,'2012-10-15 11:57:09','2012-10-15 17:57:09','<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/WolfgangAmadeusMozart.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2717\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/WolfgangAmadeusMozart.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" /></a>\n\nhttp://www.broadstreetreview.com/index.php/main/article/What_was_Mozart_thinking\n\nMozart was a child prodigy that helped form Classical music as we know it today.  “He began composing at the age of about five, and during the thirty remaining years of his life he wrote some 600 works.”  (Hannis).  “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” or if you don’t speak German, “A Little Night Music” was one of his most popular pieces.  Hands down, all of Mozart’s music is genius and beautifully tuned from his symphonies to his concertos.  “A Little Night Music” is a serenade and the occasion that it was written for in 1787 is still unknown.  The piece is made up of four movements, a typical characteristic of the Classical movement.  The first movement, allegro, is Mozart’s best known single movement ever created.  The musical phrases rise and fall in pitch and seem to answer each other back and forth.  Mozart’s rhythm stays on beat and he “perfectly illustrates the classical qualities of contrast and balance.” (Fiero).  With his tune precise, he flows into 3 more movements and left us with a masterpiece.  Whether you’re in an elevator going to an important meeting or watching a local orchestra recreate this serenade, you will enjoy it.  Without Mozart and the other great composers we would have missed out on music that shaped today’s era.  “A Little Night Music” should be preserved because it helped define the classical period and is still very popular today.<!--more-->\n\nThe Baroque period gave birth to the classical period in music.  Wind instruments were created and it was exciting because composers had new tools.  Instruments begin to replace vocals and orchestras made up a lot of classical period music.  Concertos and sonatas were created in the Baroque period and a lot of those styles dominated the classical period.   The classical period describes a particular musical style that triumphed in Europe between approximately 1760 and 1820.  “Classical composers most of whom came from Germany and Austria, wrote homophonic compositions with easy-to-grasp melodies, which are repeated or developed within a definitive formal structure.” (Fiero).  The three main composers that dominated the classical period were Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig Beethoven, and Franz Joseph Hayden.  They replaced Baroque polyphony with distinct musical phrases.  Harmony became very important and composers were popular.  Mozart and these guys were in very high demand and everyone wanted their music performed.  Mozart was writing his infamous “Don Giovanni” while he composed “A Little Night Music” and they are both dramatic in quality.  Keith Hannis from BBC Radio says it best: “There was clarity in both sound and form, and a satisfying balance between contrasting related elements in the music (e.g. piano and forte, question and answer, light and dark).”  During this time, church music was still in high demand but it was being overshadowed by all the music composed for secular entertainment.  Mozart was a court musician for the Archbishop of Salzburg for years and finally made a daring decision and went out to pursue an independent career.  Musical instruments were becoming very sophisticated during the classical period.  The orchestra consisted of many instruments that were all related such as: the strings (violins, violas, cellos, and double basses), the wood-winds (flutes, oboes, clarinets, and bassoons), the brass section (trumpets and French horns), and the percussion section (kettledrums).  Each section of the orchestra had its own purpose in the whole make-up of the symphony or movement that was created by the composer.  The orchestra was very essential to this time period because it formed the music created by the composer.  The different sounds and variations of instruments gave the music attitude, grace, and purpose.  Sometimes composers would use a single instrument (concerto), a whole symphony, or just the string section.  It all depended on the meaning of the piece and the play the composer wanted the audience to experience in musical form.\n\n“A little night Music” is innovative and unusual for its time because it sums up the whole classical period in a short serenade.  Most symphonies were long and “A little night Music” was short, concise, and to the point.  The reason it was written is unknown so that gives a mysterious aspect to the piece.  Serenades like this were often used as background music for festive occasions and large social gatherings.  Mozart was really sick when he wrote it and often people are curious as to what was going through his head and the emotions he was feeling.  “A little night music” is purposeful, alert, energetic, and busy.  The first movement of the serenade defined the whole piece and is the most popular by hear.  “A little Night Music” defines the characteristic of call and answer that dominated the classical period.  The classical period was in fact a very short period too.  Most music composed at this time is important and relevant.  Popular pieces of this time include Beethoven’s “Moonlight Sonata” and “Fur Elise.”  Haydn’s popular pieces are Symphonies No. 44 and No. 104.  All of these pieces are genius and the music from this period will be forever popular and norm.  Mozart only lived to be thirty-five; this piece is even more unusual and argues for preservation because he was only able to express his musical brilliance for a short period.  When a person thinks of the classical period, they can recall “A little Night Music” almost immediately.  Its popularity and obvious classical characteristics make it stand out from typical music of that time.\n\nAfter Mozart’s death, “A Little Night Music” was lost for a little bit.  It was not until 1827 that is was first performed.  “A Little Night Music” originally had five movements according to Mozart’s journals but one was lost between the period of when it was written and when it was first performed.  According to Google’s Ngram viewer that tracks the popularity of the title “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik,” it gained fame after 1920’s.  So in fact, the time that this masterpiece was written in 1787, people had no appreciation for it because it was undiscovered.  With the invention of the recorded media Mozart gained his popularity and recognition for “A Little Night Music.”\n\nToday “A Little Night Music” can be heard all around the world.  Although it can be used as music to entertain you while on hold or in an elevator, it’s importance and popularity is huge.  There was a big debate called “The Mozart Effect.”  In 1993, the University of California at Irvine conducted studies on students listening to Mozart before their tests and their test scores improved.  Researchers started saying that listening to Mozart could help you think more cognitively and “make you smarter.”  The tests were never duplicated but Mozart gained major popularity and his music was playing everywhere.  The Baltimore Symphony, The Illinois Symphony, and The Rockford Symphony, have all recreated “A Little Night Music.”  That is only to name a few!  Mozart is a household name.  “A Little Night Music” has been played in major movies including: <em>There’s Something About Mary, G.I. Jane, Daddy Day Care, Batman, Alien, Ace Ventura,</em> and my favorite <em>Fantasia</em>.  Obviously if this piece is being reproduced and used in top-selling movies, it is only common sense that people think highly of it.  The audiences of the movies range as well and from toddlers to adults Mozart is a favorite.  “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” is a staple of the classical period and its popularity is at its height today.  I think this serenade will forever be appreciated, reproduced, and studied for generations to come.  I find the elegance of the piece from the time it was written particularly meaningful.  The boldness in the first movement that is bursting with energy can always bring a smile on a gloomy day.  I was a piano player when I was young so this piece is nostalgic to me.  I also loved Fantasia so I was familiar with the piece from being a little girl.  Its history is huge in not only music but the instruments that were being created at that time.  It was made for a string quartet or a pianist, but the full symphony effect creates a big statement and entrance.\n\nLudwig Van Beethoven was another important composer of the classical period.  One of his most famous pieces and a very recognized piece of the classical period is, “Fur Elise”.  Translated to “For Elise” there is a lot of speculation around the purpose the bagatelle was created.  A bagatelle literally means a thing of little or no value but, “Fur Elise” became highly familiar.  A small piece but just as recognizable as one of Beethoven’s symphonies.  Just like Mozart’s, “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” there is a mysterious feature to the creation of the short piece.  Written in 1810, no distinct records or letters mention “Elise” after Beethoven’s death in 1827.  “Fur Elise” was also published after Beethoven’s death in 1865 like Mozart’s “A Little Night Music.”  “’Fur Elise” is a common catalyst and inspiration that causes many people to become interested in the piano.”  “A Little Night Music” made people interested in the symphony.  “A Little Night Music” has a grand and bold entrance while “Fur Elise” is soothing and gradual.  Both pieces reflect distinct classical period characteristics and had composers that defined classical music.  They are both similar in popularity and are recreated by famous symphonies and pianists.  People know both of them by ear and the composers are household names.  The pieces play a huge history in musical instruments such as the strings and the piano.  “Fur Elise” and “A Little Night Music” are both important to the history of classical music.  They are small pieces written for no particular reason but became influential in the creation of symphonies, musical instruments, and modern music.\n\n“Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” is so widely accepted and appreciated already.  Its popularity can be seen in movies, literature, local symphonies, and high school bands.  The classical period was short but sweet and will always be studied and researched as long as music continues to play a significant part of society.  It is important for future generations to be aware of the history and context of different genres of music and their impact on society.  The classical period is such a small part of music as a whole but, very important and significant.  It is important that Mozart and “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” are preserved so we can be aware of one of the greatest composers of all time.  We can continue to study and recreate his music and it will never get old.\n\n&nbsp;\n<p align=\"center\">Works Cited</p>\n\"Baltimore Symphony Orchestra Program Notes.\" Baltimore Symphony Orchestra - Program Notes 2009 - 2010 Season. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.bsomusic.org/main.taf?p=1,1,1,10,1&gt;.\n\nThis article is program notes to a symphony. It has background information on Mozart and \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik,\" It also has information on other symphonies Mozart created. I used it for background information and to show popularity of different symphonies that recreated his music.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n\"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik between 1800 and 2000.\" <em>Google Ngram Viewer</em>. Google, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Eine+Kleine+Nachtmusik&amp;year_start=1800&amp;year_end=2000&amp;corpus=0&amp;smoothing=3&gt;.\n\nThe Google Ngram viewer allows you to search a title or group of words and it will show you when it gained popularity or when that title showed up in books. I used this source to search when \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik\" was popular and when it was showing up in books and publications.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\nFiero, Gloria K. The Humanistic Tradition. Vol 2. Books 3-6. 6<sup>th</sup> ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. eBook. McGraw-Hill’s Connect. 2011. Web. Fall 2012.\n\nThis textbook provides information and history on art, religion, philosophy, and architecture.  I used this textbook for research on Mozart and the Classical music period.\n\n&nbsp;\n\nGreen, Aaron. \"\"Fur Elise\" by Ludwig Van Beethoven.\" About.com Classical Music. About.com, n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://classicalmusic.about.com/od/onestopbeethoven/qt/beethove-fur-elise.htm&gt;.\n\nThis article is about \"Fur Elise\" and the history of the piece. It has basic information about when it was created and some basic information on Ludwig Van Beethoven himself.\n\n&nbsp;\n\nHannis, Keith. \"BBC Radio Discovering Music \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik\"\" Mozart\'s Eine Kleine Nachtmusik. BBC Radio 3. 9 Jan. 2011. Www.bbc.com. BBC Radio. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00x1s9p&gt;. Transcript.\n\nThis source is listening notes that go along with a program about Mozart\'s \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik.\" The notes analyze the structure and style of the music. Information and history is also provided. I used this source for a better understand of musical terms used to describe this piece professionally. I used this source for history and for a review of the piece.\n\n&nbsp;\n\nJones, Martin. \"Human Intelligence: Mozart Effect.\" <em>Human Intelligence: Mozart Effect</em>. Indiana University, 2003. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/mozarteffect2.shtml&gt;.\n\nThis article provides information about \"The Mozart Effect.\" It includes a summary of the research and information on opinions about the research and whether it\'s true or false. I used this website for general information about the study.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n\"Program Notes - Illinois Chamber Orchestra I.\" Illinois Symphony Orchestra. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.ilsymphony.org/concerts/illinois-chamber-orchestra/program-notes-ico-1.html&gt;.\n\nThe Illinois Symphony Orchestra provides program information about \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik.\" They have some background and history about Mozart and when the piece was created. I used this source to show popularity and general research about the piece.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;','Mozart\'s \"A Little Night Music\"','','inherit','open','open','','2715-revision-3','','','2012-10-15 11:57:09','2012-10-15 17:57:09','',2715,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2719',0,'revision','',0),(2720,59,'2012-10-15 11:57:11','2012-10-15 17:57:11','<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/WolfgangAmadeusMozart.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2717\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/WolfgangAmadeusMozart.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" /></a>\r\n\r\nhttp://www.broadstreetreview.com/index.php/main/article/What_was_Mozart_thinking\r\n\r\nMozart was a child prodigy that helped form Classical music as we know it today.  “He began composing at the age of about five, and during the thirty remaining years of his life he wrote some 600 works.”  (Hannis).  “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” or if you don’t speak German, “A Little Night Music” was one of his most popular pieces.  Hands down, all of Mozart’s music is genius and beautifully tuned from his symphonies to his concertos.  “A Little Night Music” is a serenade and the occasion that it was written for in 1787 is still unknown.  The piece is made up of four movements, a typical characteristic of the Classical movement.  The first movement, allegro, is Mozart’s best known single movement ever created.  The musical phrases rise and fall in pitch and seem to answer each other back and forth.  Mozart’s rhythm stays on beat and he “perfectly illustrates the classical qualities of contrast and balance.” (Fiero).  With his tune precise, he flows into 3 more movements and left us with a masterpiece.  Whether you’re in an elevator going to an important meeting or watching a local orchestra recreate this serenade, you will enjoy it.  Without Mozart and the other great composers we would have missed out on music that shaped today’s era.  “A Little Night Music” should be preserved because it helped define the classical period and is still very popular today.<!--more-->\r\n\r\nThe Baroque period gave birth to the classical period in music.  Wind instruments were created and it was exciting because composers had new tools.  Instruments begin to replace vocals and orchestras made up a lot of classical period music.  Concertos and sonatas were created in the Baroque period and a lot of those styles dominated the classical period.   The classical period describes a particular musical style that triumphed in Europe between approximately 1760 and 1820.  “Classical composers most of whom came from Germany and Austria, wrote homophonic compositions with easy-to-grasp melodies, which are repeated or developed within a definitive formal structure.” (Fiero).  The three main composers that dominated the classical period were Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig Beethoven, and Franz Joseph Hayden.  They replaced Baroque polyphony with distinct musical phrases.  Harmony became very important and composers were popular.  Mozart and these guys were in very high demand and everyone wanted their music performed.  Mozart was writing his infamous “Don Giovanni” while he composed “A Little Night Music” and they are both dramatic in quality.  Keith Hannis from BBC Radio says it best: “There was clarity in both sound and form, and a satisfying balance between contrasting related elements in the music (e.g. piano and forte, question and answer, light and dark).”  During this time, church music was still in high demand but it was being overshadowed by all the music composed for secular entertainment.  Mozart was a court musician for the Archbishop of Salzburg for years and finally made a daring decision and went out to pursue an independent career.  Musical instruments were becoming very sophisticated during the classical period.  The orchestra consisted of many instruments that were all related such as: the strings (violins, violas, cellos, and double basses), the wood-winds (flutes, oboes, clarinets, and bassoons), the brass section (trumpets and French horns), and the percussion section (kettledrums).  Each section of the orchestra had its own purpose in the whole make-up of the symphony or movement that was created by the composer.  The orchestra was very essential to this time period because it formed the music created by the composer.  The different sounds and variations of instruments gave the music attitude, grace, and purpose.  Sometimes composers would use a single instrument (concerto), a whole symphony, or just the string section.  It all depended on the meaning of the piece and the play the composer wanted the audience to experience in musical form.\r\n\r\n“A little night Music” is innovative and unusual for its time because it sums up the whole classical period in a short serenade.  Most symphonies were long and “A little night Music” was short, concise, and to the point.  The reason it was written is unknown so that gives a mysterious aspect to the piece.  Serenades like this were often used as background music for festive occasions and large social gatherings.  Mozart was really sick when he wrote it and often people are curious as to what was going through his head and the emotions he was feeling.  “A little night music” is purposeful, alert, energetic, and busy.  The first movement of the serenade defined the whole piece and is the most popular by hear.  “A little Night Music” defines the characteristic of call and answer that dominated the classical period.  The classical period was in fact a very short period too.  Most music composed at this time is important and relevant.  Popular pieces of this time include Beethoven’s “Moonlight Sonata” and “Fur Elise.”  Haydn’s popular pieces are Symphonies No. 44 and No. 104.  All of these pieces are genius and the music from this period will be forever popular and norm.  Mozart only lived to be thirty-five; this piece is even more unusual and argues for preservation because he was only able to express his musical brilliance for a short period.  When a person thinks of the classical period, they can recall “A little Night Music” almost immediately.  Its popularity and obvious classical characteristics make it stand out from typical music of that time.\r\n\r\nAfter Mozart’s death, “A Little Night Music” was lost for a little bit.  It was not until 1827 that is was first performed.  “A Little Night Music” originally had five movements according to Mozart’s journals but one was lost between the period of when it was written and when it was first performed.  According to Google’s Ngram viewer that tracks the popularity of the title “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik,” it gained fame after 1920’s.  So in fact, the time that this masterpiece was written in 1787, people had no appreciation for it because it was undiscovered.  With the invention of the recorded media Mozart gained his popularity and recognition for “A Little Night Music.”\r\n\r\nToday “A Little Night Music” can be heard all around the world.  Although it can be used as music to entertain you while on hold or in an elevator, it’s importance and popularity is huge.  There was a big debate called “The Mozart Effect.”  In 1993, the University of California at Irvine conducted studies on students listening to Mozart before their tests and their test scores improved.  Researchers started saying that listening to Mozart could help you think more cognitively and “make you smarter.”  The tests were never duplicated but Mozart gained major popularity and his music was playing everywhere.  The Baltimore Symphony, The Illinois Symphony, and The Rockford Symphony, have all recreated “A Little Night Music.”  That is only to name a few!  Mozart is a household name.  “A Little Night Music” has been played in major movies including: <em>There’s Something About Mary, G.I. Jane, Daddy Day Care, Batman, Alien, Ace Ventura,</em> and my favorite <em>Fantasia</em>.  Obviously if this piece is being reproduced and used in top-selling movies, it is only common sense that people think highly of it.  The audiences of the movies range as well and from toddlers to adults Mozart is a favorite.  “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” is a staple of the classical period and its popularity is at its height today.  I think this serenade will forever be appreciated, reproduced, and studied for generations to come.  I find the elegance of the piece from the time it was written particularly meaningful.  The boldness in the first movement that is bursting with energy can always bring a smile on a gloomy day.  I was a piano player when I was young so this piece is nostalgic to me.  I also loved Fantasia so I was familiar with the piece from being a little girl.  Its history is huge in not only music but the instruments that were being created at that time.  It was made for a string quartet or a pianist, but the full symphony effect creates a big statement and entrance.\r\n\r\nLudwig Van Beethoven was another important composer of the classical period.  One of his most famous pieces and a very recognized piece of the classical period is, “Fur Elise”.  Translated to “For Elise” there is a lot of speculation around the purpose the bagatelle was created.  A bagatelle literally means a thing of little or no value but, “Fur Elise” became highly familiar.  A small piece but just as recognizable as one of Beethoven’s symphonies.  Just like Mozart’s, “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” there is a mysterious feature to the creation of the short piece.  Written in 1810, no distinct records or letters mention “Elise” after Beethoven’s death in 1827.  “Fur Elise” was also published after Beethoven’s death in 1865 like Mozart’s “A Little Night Music.”  “’Fur Elise” is a common catalyst and inspiration that causes many people to become interested in the piano.”  “A Little Night Music” made people interested in the symphony.  “A Little Night Music” has a grand and bold entrance while “Fur Elise” is soothing and gradual.  Both pieces reflect distinct classical period characteristics and had composers that defined classical music.  They are both similar in popularity and are recreated by famous symphonies and pianists.  People know both of them by ear and the composers are household names.  The pieces play a huge history in musical instruments such as the strings and the piano.  “Fur Elise” and “A Little Night Music” are both important to the history of classical music.  They are small pieces written for no particular reason but became influential in the creation of symphonies, musical instruments, and modern music.\r\n\r\n“Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” is so widely accepted and appreciated already.  Its popularity can be seen in movies, literature, local symphonies, and high school bands.  The classical period was short but sweet and will always be studied and researched as long as music continues to play a significant part of society.  It is important for future generations to be aware of the history and context of different genres of music and their impact on society.  The classical period is such a small part of music as a whole but, very important and significant.  It is important that Mozart and “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” are preserved so we can be aware of one of the greatest composers of all time.  We can continue to study and recreate his music and it will never get old.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p align=\"center\">Works Cited</p>\r\n\"Baltimore Symphony Orchestra Program Notes.\" Baltimore Symphony Orchestra - Program Notes 2009 - 2010 Season. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.bsomusic.org/main.taf?p=1,1,1,10,1&gt;.\r\n\r\nThis article is program notes to a symphony. It has background information on Mozart and \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik,\" It also has information on other symphonies Mozart created. I used it for background information and to show popularity of different symphonies that recreated his music.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik between 1800 and 2000.\" <em>Google Ngram Viewer</em>. Google, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Eine+Kleine+Nachtmusik&amp;year_start=1800&amp;year_end=2000&amp;corpus=0&amp;smoothing=3&gt;.\r\n\r\nThe Google Ngram viewer allows you to search a title or group of words and it will show you when it gained popularity or when that title showed up in books. I used this source to search when \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik\" was popular and when it was showing up in books and publications.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nFiero, Gloria K. The Humanistic Tradition. Vol 2. Books 3-6. 6<sup>th</sup> ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. eBook. McGraw-Hill’s Connect. 2011. Web. Fall 2012.\r\n\r\nThis textbook provides information and history on art, religion, philosophy, and architecture.  I used this textbook for research on Mozart and the Classical music period.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGreen, Aaron. \"\"Fur Elise\" by Ludwig Van Beethoven.\" About.com Classical Music. About.com, n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://classicalmusic.about.com/od/onestopbeethoven/qt/beethove-fur-elise.htm&gt;.\r\n\r\nThis article is about \"Fur Elise\" and the history of the piece. It has basic information about when it was created and some basic information on Ludwig Van Beethoven himself.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHannis, Keith. \"BBC Radio Discovering Music \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik\"\" Mozart\'s Eine Kleine Nachtmusik. BBC Radio 3. 9 Jan. 2011. Www.bbc.com. BBC Radio. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00x1s9p&gt;. Transcript.\r\n\r\nThis source is listening notes that go along with a program about Mozart\'s \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik.\" The notes analyze the structure and style of the music. Information and history is also provided. I used this source for a better understand of musical terms used to describe this piece professionally. I used this source for history and for a review of the piece.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nJones, Martin. \"Human Intelligence: Mozart Effect.\" <em>Human Intelligence: Mozart Effect</em>. Indiana University, 2003. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/mozarteffect2.shtml&gt;.\r\n\r\nThis article provides information about \"The Mozart Effect.\" It includes a summary of the research and information on opinions about the research and whether it\'s true or false. I used this website for general information about the study.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Program Notes - Illinois Chamber Orchestra I.\" Illinois Symphony Orchestra. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.ilsymphony.org/concerts/illinois-chamber-orchestra/program-notes-ico-1.html&gt;.\r\n\r\nThe Illinois Symphony Orchestra provides program information about \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik.\" They have some background and history about Mozart and when the piece was created. I used this source to show popularity and general research about the piece.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Mozart\'s \"A Little Night Music\"','','inherit','open','open','','2715-revision-4','','','2012-10-15 11:57:11','2012-10-15 17:57:11','',2715,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2720',0,'revision','',0),(2721,66,'2012-10-15 11:51:30','2012-10-15 17:51:30','<div>\n\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/0.jpg\"><img class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-2710\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/0-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" /></a>\n\nDon Giovanni\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nWolfgang Amadeus Mozart\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nOctober 29, 1787\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nMozart created an astounding piece of art with <em>Don Giovanni</em>, with its blend of comedic elements with morality and the eventual fate of the antagonist not only makes for a good story, but the score is what makes it arguably one of the best operas of all time. Thus, to its credit, the story has made great subject matter for many writers and philosophers. <em>Don Giovanni</em> should be preserved because the prospect of human nature and human morality created by the antagonist, Don Giovanni, sets up very contemplative and debatable subject matter and that it is considered to be one of the most unique and highly respective operas of all time not only for its music, but also for its story.\n\n<!--more-->\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nSet is Spain, <em>Don Giovanni</em> is a two act opera centered around  the man Don Giovanni; a young, arrogant, sexually promiscuous man who antagonizes an abuses those around him, \"...an impatient, arrogant man who can be quickly moved to anger and lust.  When he turns on the charm, it\'s to get something that he wants.\" as stated by Classical.net best describes.  Until finally  he eventually meets his fate as he is dragged down to hell by a statue of a man he slayed. This work is unique to itself as it was done by the young Mozart which tells a story through a two act opera. Such was the time that Mozart was considered a genius and a revolutionary in the performing arts. Although vastly considered as a comedy, it is more a blend of comedy, melodrama and supernatural elements.  In an article by Yahoo! Voices, \"Christian Gottfried Körner, a contemporary of Mozart, said of this  renowned composer: \"Mozart was perhaps the only one who could be equally  great in the comic as in the tragic.\", which is no less true of <em>Don Giovanni.</em>\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nAs a innovative work, <em>Don Giovanni</em> was unique for it\'s short length and it\'s simple message. At the time of it\'s creation, it followed Mozart\'s earlier opera, The Marriage of Figaro, so it\'s no surprise to any that it was successful since by this time Mozart was a well known composer.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nThe modern artistic audience of today still greatly appreciate this work and is globally ranked as number 10 of the top operas of the world. As being one of Mozart\'s best known works, it is respectfully kept the same by many conductors and composers, Though there have been a handful that have made some slight additions or variations to the work itself. Mozart has always known to be a great composer and his works have been enjoyed by all the generations after him.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nNot knowing much of anything about the composition of music, I do appreciate it\'s complexity and it\'s fitment into the story, thus making it an opera. I find the story to be insightful and particularly relevant. A selfish egotistical man who spent his life hurting others for his own benefit, eventually falls victim to his own deeds  and is dragged down to hell. I find this relevant because selfishness is human nature, and every person is capable of the same actions as Don Giovanni. We often forget the basic laws of nature in that every action has a reaction and that they often find their way back to us. Whether you believe in heaven or hell, there is no excuse not to be a decent, civilized person. Thus, the portrayal of Don being pulled down to hell by the Commendatore, be it literal or not, is something that should be a reminder to not overstep our bounds with one another with the intention of coming out on top.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nWith only a year difference, Mozart composed both<em> The Marriage of Figaro</em> and <em>Don Giovanni</em>, and for the sake of simplicity, to compare and contrast the works of the same composer, it\'s best to have the mindset that it\'s not about the score of the opera, but the choice of the story he wished to convey the music through.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nIn comparison, Mozart did substantially well with both his works. Both are well known and highly regarded operas with a successful score and moral plot to the story line. Though not neither were an original story, their presentation and adaptation into an opera male them both still enjoyable to any audience .\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nIn contrast <em>The Marriage of Figaro</em> is a continuation of another story, <em>The Barber of Seville</em>, what we\'d call today to be a sequel. It also contrasts with <em>Don Giovanni</em> in that it is a much longer opera. Having four acts instead of Don Giovanni\'s two, <em>The Marriage of Figaro</em> is purely more of a comedy versus <em>Don Giovanni</em> as a melodramatic comedy.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nTo make my earlier point  more detailed, the most significant idea of the story, one that future generations should be aware of is the basic flaw of our own selfish tendencies, and actions we take regarding them. It\'s a testament to  how easy it is to do as we please without considerations to those around us. This work is an extreme example of the selfishness and disregard by a man that brought his own demise. This story has a message that\'s relevant to all of us, and we should be aware of our thoughts and actions everyday. God-fearing or not, there\'s not excuse to not act like a decent human being. Columbia.edu puts it best, \"… all evildoers must meet such a terrible end.\"\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nAs a final analysis, <em>Don Giovanni</em> is a two act opera centered a selfish, womanizing man who sees only to benefit himself, and disregard the feelings of those around him. As is the fate of many like him, he is pulled down to hell for his refusal to repent for his crimes.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nThis particular TCP was especially difficult. How do you convey music through words? May only response would be that you cannot, you must listen for yourself. The story, however, was easy to explain. It had a simple plot that drove a single point effortlessly. The thing that has helped write this proposal the most would be what I have seen in my lifetime of people who\'ve acted selfishly and karma returned the favor. It\'s not an easy thing to miss, it\'s a cultural thing now, so much so I could write books and rants and still have not said enough about the subject. But let it be known that this work, at it\'s core, serves a good message to people willing to accept it.\n\n</div>\n<div></div>\n<div>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nWorks Cited:\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nPhoto:  http://i.ytimg.com/vi/t_nHeThpfLw/0.jpg\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n\"Classical Net Review - Mozart - Don Giovanni.\" Classical Net Review - Mozart - Don Giovanni. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.classical.net/music/recs/reviews/n/nxs60080a.php&gt;.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n\"...an  impatient, arrogant man who can be quickly moved to anger and lust.  When he turns on the charm, it\'s to get something that he wants.\"\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nBrode, Alyssa. \"Synopsis and Historical Context of Mozart\'s \'Don Giovanni\'\" Yahoo! Contributor Network.  Yahoo Contributer Network, 15 Nov. 2011. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.  &lt;http://voices.yahoo.com/synopsis-historical-context-mozarts-don-giovanni-10428675.html&gt;.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nChristian  Gottfried Körner, a contemporary of Mozart, said of this renowned  composer: \"Mozart was perhaps the only one who could be equally great in  the comic as in the tragic.\"\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n NYC Opera, comp. \"Mozart: Don Giovanni.\" New York City Opera Project: Don Giovanni (n.d.): n. pag. Mozart: Don Giovanni. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.columbia.edu/itc/music/NYCO/dongiovanni/synopsis.html&gt;.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n\"… all evildoers must meet such a terrible end.\"\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n.\n\n</div>','Mozart\'s Don Giovanni','','inherit','open','open','','2692-revision-11','','','2012-10-15 11:51:30','2012-10-15 17:51:30','',2692,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2721',0,'revision','',0),(2722,57,'2012-10-15 11:45:17','2012-10-15 17:45:17','[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"515\"]<img src=\"http://blog.wegowise.com/Portals/107469/images/versailles%20lawns%20wegowise.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"515\" height=\"328\" /> http://blog.wegowise.com/Portals/107469/images/versailles%20lawns%20wegowise.jpg<br />The Palace of Versailles[/caption]\n\nBeginning in 1500 the world was increasingly innovative. The Scientific Revolution was taking off alongside the Protestant and Catholic Reformations. People were starting to think for themselves without the leadership of the church and state. In the mid-late 1600s the Enlightenment sprang up which offered new philosophical ideas about science, religion, and government. Regardless of these new trends though, in France King Louis the 14<sup>th</sup> took power and changed France to an Absolute Monarchy, meaning not even the church was above him. King Louis the 14<sup>th</sup> began the process which would ultimately lead to his citizens rising up and taking the government over. In 1788 the French government went bankrupt after aiding the United States in their revolution on top of all the construction on the palace, and in 1789 the French revolution began (Fiero).\n\n<!--more-->\n\nThe Palace of Versailles truly is a magnificent piece of art. Located in Versailles, France, the palace and its gardens took up 37,000 acres of land (Link Paris). The initial building phase was constructed in 1624, and it was a hunting lodge for King Louis the 13<sup>th</sup>. But what was to come over the next 150 years was breathtaking. The Palace of Versailles went through about 5 architects and designers, and there were 3 main building phases. The Palace of Versailles should be preserved because it not only is a piece of art, but it is also an important historical site.\n\nThe palace while very astonishing, had some typical pieces. The palace was designed by using a popular art trend called Baroque, meaning very ornate and grand designs. Fiero says, “…in combination with a taste for spatial grandeur, dramatic contrast, and theatrical display, were the distinguishing features of the Classical Baroque Style (Fiero).”\n\nWhat makes the Palace of Versailles so innovative is the scale of the design. The land area of the whole palace including the garden was half the size of Paris (Fiero). The palace itself was home to every member of the government; the courts and their families, the king and his whole family, servants and gardeners. There were apartments as part of the palace; there was also a theatre, zoo, mini palaces, a cathedral, and court houses. The garden itself was on 7 square miles of land (Fiero). This majestic site has had several attempts at recreation in other countries, but specifics I will mention later.\n\nAt the time it was built there were 2 very polar responses to the palace. On one side was a frustrated public. The citizens of France were very poor; they lived in one bedroom homes. Seeing the government in such an ornate palace wasn’t a very warm feeling. On the opposite end of the spectrum was the world response to the palace. Many other monarchies’ saw the palace as a symbol of power and wealth, the “French style” became something many countries idolized (Fiero). At the time, there were attempts to copy the palace in Kassel, Stockholm, Vienna, Hungary, Italy, and Spain (IVC).\n\nToday, the Palace is considered art. Today people view France as snooty, fancy, and high class most likely originating from this building. The French government has since returned art work stolen during the French revolution and continues to preserve Versailles. The palace is now a museum/tourist attraction, and also a government building with government offices. According to the museum there, Versailles receives about 2,400,000 visitors a year, and 70% of that is foreigners (Guardiola). The palace has also been the location of a few key treaty signings in the Hall of Mirrors. In 1783, a treaty was signed ending the American Revolution; in 1871, a treaty was signed ending the Franco- Prussian War; and most famously the palace housed the controversial treaty ending World War 1 in 1919 (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia). Recently in the United States, a family in Florida attempted to build their own Palace of Versailles, but never finished it (Ortiz).\n\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"482\"]<img src=\"http://www.visitingdc.com/images/hall-of-mirrors-versailles.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"482\" height=\"283\" /> http://www.visitingdc.com/images/hall-of-mirrors-versailles.jpg<br />The Hall of Mirrors[/caption]\n\nMy personal reaction to the palace is as polar as the responses at the time. On one side it disgusts me because of the blatant disregard for the citizens, and really the country as a whole. The government form of Absolutism is just ridiculous, as shown by France, and goes against all the Enlightenment ideals of the time. On the other end though, I think the Palace is just magnificent. It is jaw dropping gorgeous, and has been the host to many historical events, both French and Worldly.\n\nLike the Palace of Versailles, another big build was taking place in India called the Taj Mahal. The Taj Mahal was built as a tomb for Shah Jahan’s favorite wife, a “Monument for Love” (Tasker). There were several similarities between  the two builds. One being the builder. Louis the 14<sup>th</sup> and Shah Jahan both were extremely wealthy and loved luxury; also both rulers used the countries treasury to fund the two projects. The Taj Mahal was finished in 1648. It’s name is from two things, Mahal was her last name and Taj means crown in persain but to the muslims it was a conical hat so that’s why the main building is a dome. The jewels were put in to show nobility and prestige (Tasker). The building shows the wealth of the Mughuls, or as Tasker puts it, “…the splendor of the Mughal Empire… (Tasker).” This makes it like the Palace of Versailles also because the Palace symbolized French power and wealth.\n\nThere are a few significant things that future generations can take from the Palace of Versailles. They can take it as a lesson of not being selfish, because it will eventually bounce back on you. But they can also use it as a guide for 1600s-1700s art and architecture. The Baroque style that France perfecting, the fountains in the garden, the sculptures, the paintings, everything is one big culture lesson. Also, just thinking that in that palace wars were ended is a pretty cool thought. The Palace really should continue to be preserved as close to the 1700s model as possible because it is just so key to history and art.','The Palace of Versailles in Versailles, France','','inherit','open','open','','2691-revision-3','','','2012-10-15 11:45:17','2012-10-15 17:45:17','',2691,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2722',0,'revision','',0),(2723,57,'2012-10-15 12:01:00','2012-10-15 18:01:00','[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"515\"]<img src=\"http://blog.wegowise.com/Portals/107469/images/versailles%20lawns%20wegowise.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"515\" height=\"328\" /> http://blog.wegowise.com/Portals/107469/images/versailles%20lawns%20wegowise.jpg<br />The Palace of Versailles[/caption]\r\n\r\nBeginning in 1500 the world was increasingly innovative. The Scientific Revolution was taking off alongside the Protestant and Catholic Reformations. People were starting to think for themselves without the leadership of the church and state. In the mid-late 1600s the Enlightenment sprang up which offered new philosophical ideas about science, religion, and government. Regardless of these new trends though, in France King Louis the 14<sup>th</sup> took power and changed France to an Absolute Monarchy, meaning not even the church was above him. King Louis the 14<sup>th</sup> began the process which would ultimately lead to his citizens rising up and taking the government over. In 1788 the French government went bankrupt after aiding the United States in their revolution on top of all the construction on the palace, and in 1789 the French revolution began (Fiero).\r\n\r\n<!--more-->\r\n\r\nThe Palace of Versailles truly is a magnificent piece of art. Located in Versailles, France, the palace and its gardens took up 37,000 acres of land (Link Paris). The initial building phase was constructed in 1624, and it was a hunting lodge for King Louis the 13<sup>th</sup>. But what was to come over the next 150 years was breathtaking. The Palace of Versailles went through about 5 architects and designers, and there were 3 main building phases. The Palace of Versailles should be preserved because it not only is a piece of art, but it is also an important historical site.\r\n\r\nThe palace while very astonishing, had some typical pieces. The palace was designed by using a popular art trend called Baroque, meaning very ornate and grand designs. Fiero says, “…in combination with a taste for spatial grandeur, dramatic contrast, and theatrical display, were the distinguishing features of the Classical Baroque Style (Fiero).”\r\n\r\nWhat makes the Palace of Versailles so innovative is the scale of the design. The land area of the whole palace including the garden was half the size of Paris (Fiero). The palace itself was home to every member of the government; the courts and their families, the king and his whole family, servants and gardeners. There were apartments as part of the palace; there was also a theatre, zoo, mini palaces, a cathedral, and court houses. The garden itself was on 7 square miles of land (Fiero). This majestic site has had several attempts at recreation in other countries, but specifics I will mention later.\r\n\r\nAt the time it was built there were 2 very polar responses to the palace. On one side was a frustrated public. The citizens of France were very poor; they lived in one bedroom homes. Seeing the government in such an ornate palace wasn’t a very warm feeling. On the opposite end of the spectrum was the world response to the palace. Many other monarchies’ saw the palace as a symbol of power and wealth, the “French style” became something many countries idolized (Fiero). At the time, there were attempts to copy the palace in Kassel, Stockholm, Vienna, Hungary, Italy, and Spain (IVC).\r\n\r\nToday, the Palace is considered art. Today people view France as snooty, fancy, and high class most likely originating from this building. The French government has since returned art work stolen during the French revolution and continues to preserve Versailles. The palace is now a museum/tourist attraction, and also a government building with government offices. According to the museum there, Versailles receives about 2,400,000 visitors a year, and 70% of that is foreigners (Guardiola). The palace has also been the location of a few key treaty signings in the Hall of Mirrors. In 1783, a treaty was signed ending the American Revolution; in 1871, a treaty was signed ending the Franco- Prussian War; and most famously the palace housed the controversial treaty ending World War 1 in 1919 (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia). Recently in the United States, a family in Florida attempted to build their own Palace of Versailles, but never finished it (Ortiz).\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"482\"]<img src=\"http://www.visitingdc.com/images/hall-of-mirrors-versailles.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"482\" height=\"283\" /> http://www.visitingdc.com/images/hall-of-mirrors-versailles.jpg<br />The Hall of Mirrors[/caption]\r\n\r\nMy personal reaction to the palace is as polar as the responses at the time. On one side it disgusts me because of the blatant disregard for the citizens, and really the country as a whole. The government form of Absolutism is just ridiculous, as shown by France, and goes against all the Enlightenment ideals of the time. On the other end though, I think the Palace is just magnificent. It is jaw dropping gorgeous, and has been the host to many historical events, both French and Worldly.\r\n\r\nLike the Palace of Versailles, another big build was taking place in India called the Taj Mahal. The Taj Mahal was built as a tomb for Shah Jahan’s favorite wife, a “Monument for Love” (Tasker). There were several similarities between  the two builds. One being the builder. Louis the 14<sup>th</sup> and Shah Jahan both were extremely wealthy and loved luxury; also both rulers used the countries treasury to fund the two projects. The Taj Mahal was finished in 1648. It’s name is from two things, Mahal was her last name and Taj means crown in persain but to the muslims it was a conical hat so that’s why the main building is a dome. The jewels were put in to show nobility and prestige (Tasker). The building shows the wealth of the Mughuls, or as Tasker puts it, “…the splendor of the Mughal Empire… (Tasker).” This makes it like the Palace of Versailles also because the Palace symbolized French power and wealth.\r\n\r\nThere are a few significant things that future generations can take from the Palace of Versailles. They can take it as a lesson of not being selfish, because it will eventually bounce back on you. But they can also use it as a guide for 1600s-1700s art and architecture. The Baroque style that France perfecting, the fountains in the garden, the sculptures, the paintings, everything is one big culture lesson. Also, just thinking that in that palace wars were ended is a pretty cool thought. The Palace really should continue to be preserved as close to the 1700s model as possible because it is just so key to history and art.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Works Cited</span>\r\n\r\nFiero, Gloria K. <em>The Humanistic Tradition</em>. Vol 2. Books 3-6. 6<sup>th</sup> ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. eBook. McGraw-Hill’s Connect. 2011. Web. Fall 2012.\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>I used the textbook for most of the specific information about the Palace and historical context.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\"Linkparis.com.\" <em>Palace of Versailles History</em>. N.p.. Web. 15 Oct 2012. &lt;http://www.linkparis.com/versailles.htm&gt;.\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>I used Link Paris to get some sizes of the Palace specifically.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nOrtiz, Erik. \"New York Daily News.\" . N.p., 18 2012. Web. 15 Oct 2012. &lt;http://articles.nydailynews.com/2012-07-18/news/32734415_1_versailles-documentary-timeshare-tycoon&gt;.\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> Used Ortiz’s story for my paragraph discussing how people today precieve the Palace.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nTasker, Shane. “Taj Mahal: Monument To Love.” <em>World &amp; 1</em> 23.1 (2008): 8. <em>MAS Ultra- School Edition</em>. Web. 8 oct. 2012.\r\n\r\n\"The Palace of Versailles and its gardens.\" . Art History at Irvine Valley College. Web. 15 Oct 2012.\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>I used this for my whole paragraph comparing Versailles to the Taj Mahal.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\"Versailles, Treaty Of.\" <em>Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6Th Edition</em> (2011): 1. <em>MAS Ultra - School Edition</em>. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>I used this encyclopedia source to get the dates of the Treaties that were signed at Versailles.</li>\r\n</ul>','The Palace of Versailles in Versailles, France','','inherit','open','open','','2691-revision-4','','','2012-10-15 12:01:00','2012-10-15 18:01:00','',2691,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2723',0,'revision','',0),(2724,57,'2012-10-15 12:01:03','2012-10-15 18:01:03','[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"515\"]<img src=\"http://blog.wegowise.com/Portals/107469/images/versailles%20lawns%20wegowise.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"515\" height=\"328\" /> http://blog.wegowise.com/Portals/107469/images/versailles%20lawns%20wegowise.jpg<br />The Palace of Versailles[/caption]\r\n\r\nBeginning in 1500 the world was increasingly innovative. The Scientific Revolution was taking off alongside the Protestant and Catholic Reformations. People were starting to think for themselves without the leadership of the church and state. In the mid-late 1600s the Enlightenment sprang up which offered new philosophical ideas about science, religion, and government. Regardless of these new trends though, in France King Louis the 14<sup>th</sup> took power and changed France to an Absolute Monarchy, meaning not even the church was above him. King Louis the 14<sup>th</sup> began the process which would ultimately lead to his citizens rising up and taking the government over. In 1788 the French government went bankrupt after aiding the United States in their revolution on top of all the construction on the palace, and in 1789 the French revolution began (Fiero).\r\n\r\n<!--more-->\r\n\r\nThe Palace of Versailles truly is a magnificent piece of art. Located in Versailles, France, the palace and its gardens took up 37,000 acres of land (Link Paris). The initial building phase was constructed in 1624, and it was a hunting lodge for King Louis the 13<sup>th</sup>. But what was to come over the next 150 years was breathtaking. The Palace of Versailles went through about 5 architects and designers, and there were 3 main building phases. The Palace of Versailles should be preserved because it not only is a piece of art, but it is also an important historical site.\r\n\r\nThe palace while very astonishing, had some typical pieces. The palace was designed by using a popular art trend called Baroque, meaning very ornate and grand designs. Fiero says, “…in combination with a taste for spatial grandeur, dramatic contrast, and theatrical display, were the distinguishing features of the Classical Baroque Style (Fiero).”\r\n\r\nWhat makes the Palace of Versailles so innovative is the scale of the design. The land area of the whole palace including the garden was half the size of Paris (Fiero). The palace itself was home to every member of the government; the courts and their families, the king and his whole family, servants and gardeners. There were apartments as part of the palace; there was also a theatre, zoo, mini palaces, a cathedral, and court houses. The garden itself was on 7 square miles of land (Fiero). This majestic site has had several attempts at recreation in other countries, but specifics I will mention later.\r\n\r\nAt the time it was built there were 2 very polar responses to the palace. On one side was a frustrated public. The citizens of France were very poor; they lived in one bedroom homes. Seeing the government in such an ornate palace wasn’t a very warm feeling. On the opposite end of the spectrum was the world response to the palace. Many other monarchies’ saw the palace as a symbol of power and wealth, the “French style” became something many countries idolized (Fiero). At the time, there were attempts to copy the palace in Kassel, Stockholm, Vienna, Hungary, Italy, and Spain (IVC).\r\n\r\nToday, the Palace is considered art. Today people view France as snooty, fancy, and high class most likely originating from this building. The French government has since returned art work stolen during the French revolution and continues to preserve Versailles. The palace is now a museum/tourist attraction, and also a government building with government offices. According to the museum there, Versailles receives about 2,400,000 visitors a year, and 70% of that is foreigners (Guardiola). The palace has also been the location of a few key treaty signings in the Hall of Mirrors. In 1783, a treaty was signed ending the American Revolution; in 1871, a treaty was signed ending the Franco- Prussian War; and most famously the palace housed the controversial treaty ending World War 1 in 1919 (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia). Recently in the United States, a family in Florida attempted to build their own Palace of Versailles, but never finished it (Ortiz).\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"482\"]<img src=\"http://www.visitingdc.com/images/hall-of-mirrors-versailles.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"482\" height=\"283\" /> http://www.visitingdc.com/images/hall-of-mirrors-versailles.jpg<br />The Hall of Mirrors[/caption]\r\n\r\nMy personal reaction to the palace is as polar as the responses at the time. On one side it disgusts me because of the blatant disregard for the citizens, and really the country as a whole. The government form of Absolutism is just ridiculous, as shown by France, and goes against all the Enlightenment ideals of the time. On the other end though, I think the Palace is just magnificent. It is jaw dropping gorgeous, and has been the host to many historical events, both French and Worldly.\r\n\r\nLike the Palace of Versailles, another big build was taking place in India called the Taj Mahal. The Taj Mahal was built as a tomb for Shah Jahan’s favorite wife, a “Monument for Love” (Tasker). There were several similarities between  the two builds. One being the builder. Louis the 14<sup>th</sup> and Shah Jahan both were extremely wealthy and loved luxury; also both rulers used the countries treasury to fund the two projects. The Taj Mahal was finished in 1648. It’s name is from two things, Mahal was her last name and Taj means crown in persain but to the muslims it was a conical hat so that’s why the main building is a dome. The jewels were put in to show nobility and prestige (Tasker). The building shows the wealth of the Mughuls, or as Tasker puts it, “…the splendor of the Mughal Empire… (Tasker).” This makes it like the Palace of Versailles also because the Palace symbolized French power and wealth.\r\n\r\nThere are a few significant things that future generations can take from the Palace of Versailles. They can take it as a lesson of not being selfish, because it will eventually bounce back on you. But they can also use it as a guide for 1600s-1700s art and architecture. The Baroque style that France perfecting, the fountains in the garden, the sculptures, the paintings, everything is one big culture lesson. Also, just thinking that in that palace wars were ended is a pretty cool thought. The Palace really should continue to be preserved as close to the 1700s model as possible because it is just so key to history and art.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Works Cited</span>\r\n\r\nFiero, Gloria K. <em>The Humanistic Tradition</em>. Vol 2. Books 3-6. 6<sup>th</sup> ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. eBook. McGraw-Hill’s Connect. 2011. Web. Fall 2012.\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>I used the textbook for most of the specific information about the Palace and historical context.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\"Linkparis.com.\" <em>Palace of Versailles History</em>. N.p.. Web. 15 Oct 2012. &lt;http://www.linkparis.com/versailles.htm&gt;.\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>I used Link Paris to get some sizes of the Palace specifically.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nOrtiz, Erik. \"New York Daily News.\" . N.p., 18 2012. Web. 15 Oct 2012. &lt;http://articles.nydailynews.com/2012-07-18/news/32734415_1_versailles-documentary-timeshare-tycoon&gt;.\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> Used Ortiz’s story for my paragraph discussing how people today precieve the Palace.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nTasker, Shane. “Taj Mahal: Monument To Love.” <em>World &amp; 1</em> 23.1 (2008): 8. <em>MAS Ultra- School Edition</em>. Web. 8 oct. 2012.\r\n\r\n\"The Palace of Versailles and its gardens.\" . Art History at Irvine Valley College. Web. 15 Oct 2012.\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>I used this for my whole paragraph comparing Versailles to the Taj Mahal.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\"Versailles, Treaty Of.\" <em>Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6Th Edition</em> (2011): 1. <em>MAS Ultra - School Edition</em>. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>I used this encyclopedia source to get the dates of the Treaties that were signed at Versailles.</li>\r\n</ul>','The Palace of Versailles in Versailles, France','','inherit','open','open','','2691-revision-5','','','2012-10-15 12:01:03','2012-10-15 18:01:03','',2691,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2724',0,'revision','',0),(2725,66,'2012-10-15 12:03:45','2012-10-15 18:03:45','<div>\n\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/0.jpg\"><img class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-2710\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/0-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" /></a>\n\nDon Giovanni\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nWolfgang Amadeus Mozart\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nOctober 29, 1787\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nMozart created an astounding piece of art with <em>Don Giovanni</em>, with its blend of comedic elements with morality and the eventual fate of the antagonist not only makes for a good story based around the story of <em>Don Juan</em>, but the score is what makes it arguably one of the best operas of all time. Thus, to its credit, the story has made great subject matter for many writers and philosophers. <em>Don Giovanni</em> should be preserved because the prospect of human nature and human morality created by the antagonist, Don Giovanni, sets up very contemplative and debatable subject matter and that it is considered to be one of the most unique and highly respective operas of all time not only for its music, but also for its story.\n\n<!--more-->\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nSet is Spain, <em>Don Giovanni</em> is a two act opera centered around  the man Don Giovanni; a young, arrogant, sexually promiscuous man who antagonizes an abuses those around him, \"...an impatient, arrogant man who can be quickly moved to anger and lust.  When he turns on the charm, it\'s to get something that he wants.\" as stated by Classical.net best describes.  Until finally  he eventually meets his fate as he is dragged down to hell by a statue of a man he slayed. This work is unique to itself as it was done by the young Mozart which tells a story through a two act opera. Such was the time that Mozart was considered a genius and a revolutionary in the performing arts. Although vastly considered as a comedy, it is more a blend of comedy, melodrama and supernatural elements.  In an article by Yahoo! Voices, \"Christian Gottfried Körner, a contemporary of Mozart, said of this  renowned composer: \"Mozart was perhaps the only one who could be equally  great in the comic as in the tragic.\", which is no less true of <em>Don Giovanni.</em>\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nAs a innovative work, <em>Don Giovanni</em> was unique for it\'s short length and it\'s simple message. At the time of it\'s creation, it followed Mozart\'s earlier opera, The Marriage of Figaro, so it\'s no surprise to any that it was successful since by this time Mozart was a well known composer.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nThe modern artistic audience of today still greatly appreciate this work and is globally ranked in the top 10 operas of the world. As being one of Mozart\'s best known works, it is respectfully kept the same by many conductors and composers, Though there have been a handful that have made some slight additions or variations to the work itself. Mozart has always known to be a great composer and his works have been enjoyed by all the generations after him.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nNot knowing much of anything about the composition of music, I do appreciate it\'s complexity and it\'s fitment into the story, thus making it an opera. I find the story to be insightful and particularly relevant. A selfish egotistical man who spent his life hurting others for his own benefit, eventually falls victim to his own deeds  and is dragged down to hell. I find this relevant because selfishness is human nature, and every person is capable of the same actions as Don Giovanni. We often forget the basic laws of nature in that every action has a reaction and that they often find their way back to us. Whether you believe in heaven or hell, there is no excuse not to be a decent, civilized person. Thus, the portrayal of Don being pulled down to hell by the Commendatore, be it literal or not, is something that should be a reminder to not overstep our bounds with one another with the intention of coming out on top.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nWith only a year difference, Mozart composed both<em> The Marriage of Figaro</em> and <em>Don Giovanni</em>, and for the sake of simplicity, to compare and contrast the works of the same composer, it\'s best to have the mindset that it\'s not about the score of the opera, but the choice of the story he wished to convey the music through.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nIn comparison, Mozart did substantially well with both his works. Both are well known and highly regarded operas with a successful score and moral plot to the story line. Though not neither were an original story, their presentation and adaptation into an opera male them both still enjoyable to any audience .\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nIn contrast <em>The Marriage of Figaro</em> is a continuation of another story, <em>The Barber of Seville</em>, what we\'d call today to be a sequel. It also contrasts with <em>Don Giovanni</em> in that it is a much longer opera. Having four acts instead of Don Giovanni\'s two, <em>The Marriage of Figaro</em> is purely more of a comedy versus <em>Don Giovanni</em> as a melodramatic comedy.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nTo make my earlier point  more detailed, the most significant idea of the story, one that future generations should be aware of is the basic flaw of our own selfish tendencies, and actions we take regarding them. It\'s a testament to  how easy it is to do as we please without considerations to those around us. This work is an extreme example of the selfishness and disregard by a man that brought his own demise. This story has a message that\'s relevant to all of us, and we should be aware of our thoughts and actions everyday. God-fearing or not, there\'s not excuse to not act like a decent human being. Columbia.edu puts it best, \"… all evildoers must meet such a terrible end.\"\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nAs a final analysis, <em>Don Giovanni</em> is a two act opera centered a selfish, womanizing man who sees only to benefit himself, and disregard the feelings of those around him. As is the fate of many like him, he is pulled down to hell for his refusal to repent for his crimes.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nThis particular TCP was especially difficult. How do you convey music through words? May only response would be that you cannot, you must listen for yourself. The story, however, was easy to explain. It had a simple plot that drove a single point effortlessly. The thing that has helped write this proposal the most would be what I have seen in my lifetime of people who\'ve acted selfishly and karma returned the favor. It\'s not an easy thing to miss, it\'s a cultural thing now, so much so I could write books and rants and still have not said enough about the subject. But let it be known that this work, at it\'s core, serves a good message to people willing to accept it.\n\n</div>\n<div></div>\n<div>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nWorks Cited:\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nPhoto:  http://i.ytimg.com/vi/t_nHeThpfLw/0.jpg\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n\"Classical Net Review - Mozart - Don Giovanni.\" Classical Net Review - Mozart - Don Giovanni. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.classical.net/music/recs/reviews/n/nxs60080a.php&gt;.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n\"...an  impatient, arrogant man who can be quickly moved to anger and lust.  When he turns on the charm, it\'s to get something that he wants.\"\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nBrode, Alyssa. \"Synopsis and Historical Context of Mozart\'s \'Don Giovanni\'\" Yahoo! Contributor Network.  Yahoo Contributer Network, 15 Nov. 2011. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.  &lt;http://voices.yahoo.com/synopsis-historical-context-mozarts-don-giovanni-10428675.html&gt;.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nChristian  Gottfried Körner, a contemporary of Mozart, said of this renowned  composer: \"Mozart was perhaps the only one who could be equally great in  the comic as in the tragic.\"\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n NYC Opera, comp. \"Mozart: Don Giovanni.\" New York City Opera Project: Don Giovanni (n.d.): n. pag. Mozart: Don Giovanni. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.columbia.edu/itc/music/NYCO/dongiovanni/synopsis.html&gt;.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n\"… all evildoers must meet such a terrible end.\"\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n.\n\n</div>','Mozart\'s Don Giovanni','','inherit','open','open','','2692-revision-12','','','2012-10-15 12:03:45','2012-10-15 18:03:45','',2692,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2725',0,'revision','',0),(2726,66,'2012-10-15 12:08:20','2012-10-15 18:08:20','<div>\n\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/0.jpg\"><img class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-2710\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/0-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" /></a>\n\nDon Giovanni\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nWolfgang Amadeus Mozart\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nOctober 29, 1787\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nMozart created an astounding piece of art with <em>Don Giovanni</em>, with its blend of comedic elements with morality and the eventual fate of the antagonist not only makes for a good story based around the story of <em>Don Juan</em>, but the score is what makes it arguably one of the best operas of all time. Thus, to its credit, the story has made great subject matter for many writers and philosophers. <em>Don Giovanni</em> should be preserved because the prospect of human nature and human morality created by the antagonist, Don Giovanni, sets up very contemplative and debatable subject matter and that it is considered to be one of the most unique and highly respective operas of all time not only for its music, but also for its story.\n\n<!--more-->\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nSet is Spain, <em>Don Giovanni</em> is a two act opera centered around  the man Don Giovanni; a young, arrogant, sexually promiscuous man who antagonizes an abuses those around him, \"...an impatient, arrogant man who can be quickly moved to anger and lust.  When he turns on the charm, it\'s to get something that he wants.\" as stated by Classical.net best describes.  Until finally  he eventually meets his fate as he is dragged down to hell by a statue of a man he slayed. This work is unique to itself as it was done by the young Mozart which tells a story through a two act opera. Such was the time that Mozart was considered a genius and a revolutionary in the performing arts. Although vastly considered as a comedy, it is more a blend of comedy, melodrama and supernatural elements.  In an article by Yahoo! Voices, \"Christian Gottfried Körner, a contemporary of Mozart, said of this  renowned composer: \"Mozart was perhaps the only one who could be equally  great in the comic as in the tragic.\", which is no less true of <em>Don Giovanni.</em>\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nAs a innovative work, <em>Don Giovanni</em> was unique for it\'s short length and it\'s simple message. At the time of it\'s creation, it followed Mozart\'s earlier opera, The Marriage of Figaro, so it\'s no surprise to any that it was successful since by this time Mozart was a well known composer.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nThe modern artistic audience of today still greatly appreciate this work and is globally ranked in the top 10 \"must-see\" operas of the world but multiple websites. As being one of Mozart\'s best known works, it is respectfully kept the same by many conductors and composers, Though there have been a handful that have made some slight additions or variations to the work itself. Mozart has always known to be a great composer and his works have been enjoyed by all the generations after him.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nNot knowing much of anything about the composition of music, I do appreciate it\'s complexity and it\'s fitment into the story, thus making it an opera. I find the story to be insightful and particularly relevant. A selfish egotistical man who spent his life hurting others for his own benefit, eventually falls victim to his own deeds  and is dragged down to hell. I find this relevant because selfishness is human nature, and every person is capable of the same actions as Don Giovanni. We often forget the basic laws of nature in that every action has a reaction and that they often find their way back to us. Whether you believe in heaven or hell, there is no excuse not to be a decent, civilized person. Thus, the portrayal of Don being pulled down to hell by the Commendatore, be it literal or not, is something that should be a reminder to not overstep our bounds with one another with the intention of coming out on top.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nWith only a year difference, Mozart composed both<em> The Marriage of Figaro</em> and <em>Don Giovanni</em>, and for the sake of simplicity, to compare and contrast the works of the same composer, it\'s best to have the mindset that it\'s not about the score of the opera, but the choice of the story he wished to convey the music through.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nIn comparison, Mozart did substantially well with both his works. Both are well known and highly regarded operas with a successful score and moral plot to the story line. Though not neither were an original story, their presentation and adaptation into an opera male them both still enjoyable to any audience .\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nIn contrast <em>The Marriage of Figaro</em> is a continuation of another story, <em>The Barber of Seville</em>, what we\'d call today to be a sequel. It also contrasts with <em>Don Giovanni</em> in that it is a much longer opera. Having four acts instead of Don Giovanni\'s two, <em>The Marriage of Figaro</em> is purely more of a comedy versus <em>Don Giovanni</em> as a melodramatic comedy.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nTo make my earlier point  more detailed, the most significant idea of the story, one that future generations should be aware of is the basic flaw of our own selfish tendencies, and actions we take regarding them. It\'s a testament to  how easy it is to do as we please without considerations to those around us. This work is an extreme example of the selfishness and disregard by a man that brought his own demise. This story has a message that\'s relevant to all of us, and we should be aware of our thoughts and actions everyday. God-fearing or not, there\'s not excuse to not act like a decent human being. Columbia.edu puts it best, \"… all evildoers must meet such a terrible end.\"\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nAs a final analysis, <em>Don Giovanni</em> is a two act opera centered a selfish, womanizing man who sees only to benefit himself, and disregard the feelings of those around him. As is the fate of many like him, he is pulled down to hell for his refusal to repent for his crimes.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nThis particular TCP was especially difficult. How do you convey music through words? May only response would be that you cannot, you must listen for yourself. The story, however, was easy to explain. It had a simple plot that drove a single point effortlessly. The thing that has helped write this proposal the most would be what I have seen in my lifetime of people who\'ve acted selfishly and karma returned the favor. It\'s not an easy thing to miss, it\'s a cultural thing now, so much so I could write books and rants and still have not said enough about the subject. But let it be known that this work, at it\'s core, serves a good message to people willing to accept it.\n\n</div>\n<div></div>\n<div>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nWorks Cited:\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nPhoto:  http://i.ytimg.com/vi/t_nHeThpfLw/0.jpg\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n\"Classical Net Review - Mozart - Don Giovanni.\" Classical Net Review - Mozart - Don Giovanni. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.classical.net/music/recs/reviews/n/nxs60080a.php&gt;.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n\"...an  impatient, arrogant man who can be quickly moved to anger and lust.  When he turns on the charm, it\'s to get something that he wants.\"\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nBrode, Alyssa. \"Synopsis and Historical Context of Mozart\'s \'Don Giovanni\'\" Yahoo! Contributor Network.  Yahoo Contributer Network, 15 Nov. 2011. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.  &lt;http://voices.yahoo.com/synopsis-historical-context-mozarts-don-giovanni-10428675.html&gt;.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nChristian  Gottfried Körner, a contemporary of Mozart, said of this renowned  composer: \"Mozart was perhaps the only one who could be equally great in  the comic as in the tragic.\"\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n NYC Opera, comp. \"Mozart: Don Giovanni.\" New York City Opera Project: Don Giovanni (n.d.): n. pag. Mozart: Don Giovanni. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.columbia.edu/itc/music/NYCO/dongiovanni/synopsis.html&gt;.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n\"… all evildoers must meet such a terrible end.\"\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n.\n\n</div>','Mozart\'s Don Giovanni','','inherit','open','open','','2692-revision-13','','','2012-10-15 12:08:20','2012-10-15 18:08:20','',2692,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2726',0,'revision','',0),(2727,66,'2012-10-15 12:13:29','2012-10-15 18:13:29','<div>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/0.jpg\"><img class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-2710\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/0-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" /></a>\r\n\r\nDon Giovanni\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nWolfgang Amadeus Mozart\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nOctober 29, 1787\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nMozart created an astounding piece of art with <em>Don Giovanni</em>, with its blend of comedic elements with morality and the eventual fate of the antagonist not only makes for a good story based around the story of <em>Don Juan</em>, but the score is what makes it arguably one of the best operas of all time. Thus, to its credit, the story has made great subject matter for many writers and philosophers. <em>Don Giovanni</em> should be preserved because the prospect of human nature and human morality created by the antagonist, Don Giovanni, sets up very contemplative and debatable subject matter and that it is considered to be one of the most unique and highly respective operas of all time not only for its music, but also for its story.\r\n\r\n<!--more-->\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nSet is Spain, <em>Don Giovanni</em> is a two act opera centered around  the man Don Giovanni; a young, arrogant, sexually promiscuous man who antagonizes an abuses those around him, \"...an impatient, arrogant man who can be quickly moved to anger and lust.  When he turns on the charm, it\'s to get something that he wants.\" as stated by Classical.net best describes.  Until finally  he eventually meets his fate as he is dragged down to hell by a statue of a man he slayed. This work is unique to itself as it was done by the young Mozart which tells a story through a two act opera. Such was the time that Mozart was considered a genius and a revolutionary in the performing arts. Although vastly considered as a comedy, it is more a blend of comedy, melodrama and supernatural elements.  In an article by Yahoo! Voices, \"Christian Gottfried Körner, a contemporary of Mozart, said of this  renowned composer: \"Mozart was perhaps the only one who could be equally  great in the comic as in the tragic.\", which is no less true of <em>Don Giovanni.</em>\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nAs a innovative work, <em>Don Giovanni</em> was unique for it\'s short length and it\'s simple message. At the time of it\'s creation, it followed Mozart\'s earlier opera, The Marriage of Figaro, so it\'s no surprise to any that it was successful since by this time Mozart was a well known composer.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nThe modern artistic audience of today still greatly appreciate this work and is globally ranked in the top 10 \"must-see\" operas of the world but multiple websites. As being one of Mozart\'s best known works, it is respectfully kept the same by many conductors and composers, Though there have been a handful that have made some slight additions or variations to the work itself. Mozart has always known to be a great composer and his works have been enjoyed by all the generations after him.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nNot knowing much of anything about the composition of music, I do appreciate it\'s complexity and it\'s fitment into the story, thus making it an opera. I find the story to be insightful and particularly relevant. A selfish egotistical man who spent his life hurting others for his own benefit, eventually falls victim to his own deeds  and is dragged down to hell. I find this relevant because selfishness is human nature, and every person is capable of the same actions as Don Giovanni. We often forget the basic laws of nature in that every action has a reaction and that they often find their way back to us. Whether you believe in heaven or hell, there is no excuse not to be a decent, civilized person. Thus, the portrayal of Don being pulled down to hell by the Commendatore, be it literal or not, is something that should be a reminder to not overstep our bounds with one another with the intention of coming out on top.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nWith only a year difference, Mozart composed both<em> The Marriage of Figaro</em> and <em>Don Giovanni</em>, and for the sake of simplicity, to compare and contrast the works of the same composer, it\'s best to have the mindset that it\'s not about the score of the opera, but the choice of the story he wished to convey the music through.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nIn comparison, Mozart did substantially well with both his works. Both are well known and highly regarded operas with a successful score and moral plot to the story line. Though not neither were an original story, their presentation and adaptation into an opera male them both still enjoyable to any audience .\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nIn contrast <em>The Marriage of Figaro</em> is a continuation of another story, <em>The Barber of Seville</em>, what we\'d call today to be a sequel. It also contrasts with <em>Don Giovanni</em> in that it is a much longer opera. Having four acts instead of Don Giovanni\'s two, <em>The Marriage of Figaro</em> is purely more of a comedy versus <em>Don Giovanni</em> as a melodramatic comedy.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nTo make my earlier point  more detailed, the most significant idea of the story, one that future generations should be aware of is the basic flaw of our own selfish tendencies, and actions we take regarding them. It\'s a testament to  how easy it is to do as we please without considerations to those around us. This work is an extreme example of the selfishness and disregard by a man that brought his own demise. This story has a message that\'s relevant to all of us, and we should be aware of our thoughts and actions everyday. God-fearing or not, there\'s not excuse to not act like a decent human being. Columbia.edu puts it best, \"… all evildoers must meet such a terrible end.\"\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nAs a final analysis, <em>Don Giovanni</em> is a two act opera centered a selfish, womanizing man who sees only to benefit himself, and disregard the feelings of those around him. As is the fate of many like him, he is pulled down to hell for his refusal to repent for his crimes.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nThis particular TCP was especially difficult. How do you convey music through words? May only response would be that you cannot, you must listen for yourself. The story, however, was easy to explain. It had a simple plot that drove a single point effortlessly. The thing that has helped write this proposal the most would be what I have seen in my lifetime of people who\'ve acted selfishly and karma returned the favor. It\'s not an easy thing to miss, it\'s a cultural thing now, so much so I could write books and rants and still have not said enough about the subject. But let it be known that this work, at it\'s core, serves a good message to people willing to accept it.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div></div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nWorks Cited:\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nPhoto:  http://i.ytimg.com/vi/t_nHeThpfLw/0.jpg\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n\"Classical Net Review - Mozart - Don Giovanni.\" Classical Net Review - Mozart - Don Giovanni. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.classical.net/music/recs/reviews/n/nxs60080a.php&gt;.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n\"...an  impatient, arrogant man who can be quickly moved to anger and lust.  When he turns on the charm, it\'s to get something that he wants.\"\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nBrode, Alyssa. \"Synopsis and Historical Context of Mozart\'s \'Don Giovanni\'\" Yahoo! Contributor Network.  Yahoo Contributer Network, 15 Nov. 2011. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.  &lt;http://voices.yahoo.com/synopsis-historical-context-mozarts-don-giovanni-10428675.html&gt;.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nChristian  Gottfried Körner, a contemporary of Mozart, said of this renowned  composer: \"Mozart was perhaps the only one who could be equally great in  the comic as in the tragic.\"\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n NYC Opera, comp. \"Mozart: Don Giovanni.\" New York City Opera Project: Don Giovanni (n.d.): n. pag. Mozart: Don Giovanni. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.columbia.edu/itc/music/NYCO/dongiovanni/synopsis.html&gt;.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n\"… all evildoers must meet such a terrible end.\"\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>','Mozart\'s Don Giovanni','','inherit','open','open','','2692-revision-14','','','2012-10-15 12:13:29','2012-10-15 18:13:29','',2692,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2727',0,'revision','',0),(2728,66,'2012-10-15 12:16:21','2012-10-15 18:16:21','<div>\n\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/0.jpg\"><img class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-2710\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/0-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" /></a>\n\nDon Giovanni\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nWolfgang Amadeus Mozart\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nOctober 29, 1787\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nMozart created an astounding piece of art with <em>Don Giovanni</em>, with its blend of comedic elements with morality and the eventual fate of the antagonist not only makes for a good story based around the story of <em>Don Juan</em>, but the score is what makes it arguably one of the best operas of all time. Thus, to its credit, the story has made great subject matter for many writers and philosophers. <em>Don Giovanni</em> should be preserved because the prospect of human nature and human morality created by the antagonist, Don Giovanni, sets up very contemplative and debatable subject matter and that it is considered to be one of the most unique and highly respective operas of all time not only for its music, but also for its story.\n\n<!--more-->\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nSet is Spain, <em>Don Giovanni</em> is a two act opera centered around  the man Don Giovanni; a young, arrogant, sexually promiscuous man who antagonizes an abuses those around him, \"...an impatient, arrogant man who can be quickly moved to anger and lust.  When he turns on the charm, it\'s to get something that he wants.\" as stated by Classical.net best describes.  Until finally  he eventually meets his fate as he is dragged down to hell by a statue of a man he slayed. This work is unique to itself as it was done by the young Mozart which tells a story through a two act opera. Such was the time that Mozart was considered a genius and a revolutionary in the performing arts. Although vastly considered as a comedy, it is more a blend of comedy, melodrama and supernatural elements.  In an article by Yahoo! Voices, \"Christian Gottfried Körner, a contemporary of Mozart, said of this  renowned composer: \"Mozart was perhaps the only one who could be equally  great in the comic as in the tragic.\", which is no less true of <em>Don Giovanni.</em>\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nAs a innovative work, <em>Don Giovanni</em> was unique for it\'s short length and it\'s simple message. At the time of it\'s creation, it followed Mozart\'s earlier opera, The Marriage of Figaro, so it\'s no surprise to any that it was successful since by this time Mozart was a well known composer.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nThe modern artistic audience of today still greatly appreciate this work and is globally ranked in the top 10 \"must-see\" operas of the world but multiple websites. As being one of Mozart\'s best known works, it is respectfully kept the same by many conductors and composers, Though there have been a handful that have made some slight additions or variations to the work itself. Mozart has always known to be a great composer and his works have been enjoyed by all the generations after him.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nNot knowing much of anything about the composition of music, I do appreciate it\'s complexity and it\'s fitment into the story, thus making it an opera. I find the story to be insightful and particularly relevant. A selfish egotistical man who spent his life hurting others for his own benefit, eventually falls victim to his own deeds  and is dragged down to hell. I find this relevant because selfishness is human nature, and every person is capable of the same actions as Don Giovanni. We often forget the basic laws of nature in that every action has a reaction and that they often find their way back to us. Whether you believe in heaven or hell, there is no excuse not to be a decent, civilized person. Thus, the portrayal of Don being pulled down to hell by the Commendatore, be it literal or not, is something that should be a reminder to not overstep our bounds with one another with the intention of coming out on top.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nWith only a year difference, Mozart composed both<em> The Marriage of Figaro</em> and <em>Don Giovanni</em>, and for the sake of simplicity, to compare and contrast the works of the same composer, it\'s best to have the mindset that it\'s not about the score of the opera, but the choice of the story he wished to convey the music through.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nIn comparison, Mozart did substantially well with both his works. Both are well known and highly regarded operas with a successful score and moral plot to the story line. Though not neither were an original story, their presentation and adaptation into an opera male them both still enjoyable to any audience .\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nIn contrast <em>The Marriage of Figaro</em> is a continuation of another story, <em>The Barber of Seville</em>, what we\'d call today to be a sequel. It also contrasts with <em>Don Giovanni</em> in that it is a much longer opera. Having four acts instead of Don Giovanni\'s two, <em>The Marriage of Figaro</em> is purely more of a comedy versus <em>Don Giovanni</em> as a melodramatic comedy.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nTo make my earlier point  more detailed, the most significant idea of the story, one that future generations should be aware of is the basic flaw of our own selfish tendencies, and actions we take regarding them. It\'s a testament to  how easy it is to do as we please without considerations to those around us. This work is an extreme example of the selfishness and disregard by a man that brought his own demise. This story has a message that\'s relevant to all of us, and we should be aware of our thoughts and actions everyday. God-fearing or not, there\'s not excuse to not act like a decent human being. Columbia.edu puts it best, \"… all evildoers must meet such a terrible end.\"\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nAs a final analysis, <em>Don Giovanni</em> is a two act opera centered a selfish, womanizing man who sees only to benefit himself, and disregard the feelings of those around him. As is the fate of many like him, he is pulled down to hell for his refusal to repent for his crimes.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nThis particular TCP was especially difficult. How do you convey music through words? May only response would be that you cannot, you must listen for yourself. The story, however, was easy to explain. It had a simple plot that drove a single point effortlessly. The thing that has helped write this proposal the most would be what I have seen in my lifetime of people who\'ve acted selfishly and karma returned the favor. It\'s not an easy thing to miss, it\'s a cultural thing now, so much so I could write books and rants and still have not said enough about the subject. But let it be known that this work, at it\'s core, serves a good message to people willing to accept it.\n\n</div>\n<div></div>\n<div>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nWorks Cited:\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nPhoto: From the film Sherlock Holmes: Game of Shadows\n\nhttp://i.ytimg.com/vi/t_nHeThpfLw/0.jpg\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n\"Classical Net Review - Mozart - Don Giovanni.\" Classical Net Review - Mozart - Don Giovanni. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.classical.net/music/recs/reviews/n/nxs60080a.php&gt;.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n\"...an  impatient, arrogant man who can be quickly moved to anger and lust.  When he turns on the charm, it\'s to get something that he wants.\"\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nBrode, Alyssa. \"Synopsis and Historical Context of Mozart\'s \'Don Giovanni\'\" Yahoo! Contributor Network.  Yahoo Contributer Network, 15 Nov. 2011. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.  &lt;http://voices.yahoo.com/synopsis-historical-context-mozarts-don-giovanni-10428675.html&gt;.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\nChristian  Gottfried Körner, a contemporary of Mozart, said of this renowned  composer: \"Mozart was perhaps the only one who could be equally great in  the comic as in the tragic.\"\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n NYC Opera, comp. \"Mozart: Don Giovanni.\" New York City Opera Project: Don Giovanni (n.d.): n. pag. Mozart: Don Giovanni. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.columbia.edu/itc/music/NYCO/dongiovanni/synopsis.html&gt;.\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n\"… all evildoers must meet such a terrible end.\"\n\n</div>\n<div>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n</div>','Mozart\'s Don Giovanni','','inherit','open','open','','2692-autosave','','','2012-10-15 12:16:21','2012-10-15 18:16:21','',2692,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2728',0,'revision','',0),(2729,66,'2012-10-15 12:13:38','2012-10-15 18:13:38','<div>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/0.jpg\"><img class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-2710\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/0-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" /></a>\r\n\r\nDon Giovanni\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nWolfgang Amadeus Mozart\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nOctober 29, 1787\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nMozart created an astounding piece of art with <em>Don Giovanni</em>, with its blend of comedic elements with morality and the eventual fate of the antagonist not only makes for a good story based around the story of <em>Don Juan</em>, but the score is what makes it arguably one of the best operas of all time. Thus, to its credit, the story has made great subject matter for many writers and philosophers. <em>Don Giovanni</em> should be preserved because the prospect of human nature and human morality created by the antagonist, Don Giovanni, sets up very contemplative and debatable subject matter and that it is considered to be one of the most unique and highly respective operas of all time not only for its music, but also for its story.\r\n\r\n<!--more-->\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nSet is Spain, <em>Don Giovanni</em> is a two act opera centered around  the man Don Giovanni; a young, arrogant, sexually promiscuous man who antagonizes an abuses those around him, \"...an impatient, arrogant man who can be quickly moved to anger and lust.  When he turns on the charm, it\'s to get something that he wants.\" as stated by Classical.net best describes.  Until finally  he eventually meets his fate as he is dragged down to hell by a statue of a man he slayed. This work is unique to itself as it was done by the young Mozart which tells a story through a two act opera. Such was the time that Mozart was considered a genius and a revolutionary in the performing arts. Although vastly considered as a comedy, it is more a blend of comedy, melodrama and supernatural elements.  In an article by Yahoo! Voices, \"Christian Gottfried Körner, a contemporary of Mozart, said of this  renowned composer: \"Mozart was perhaps the only one who could be equally  great in the comic as in the tragic.\", which is no less true of <em>Don Giovanni.</em>\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nAs a innovative work, <em>Don Giovanni</em> was unique for it\'s short length and it\'s simple message. At the time of it\'s creation, it followed Mozart\'s earlier opera, The Marriage of Figaro, so it\'s no surprise to any that it was successful since by this time Mozart was a well known composer.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nThe modern artistic audience of today still greatly appreciate this work and is globally ranked in the top 10 \"must-see\" operas of the world but multiple websites. As being one of Mozart\'s best known works, it is respectfully kept the same by many conductors and composers, Though there have been a handful that have made some slight additions or variations to the work itself. Mozart has always known to be a great composer and his works have been enjoyed by all the generations after him.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nNot knowing much of anything about the composition of music, I do appreciate it\'s complexity and it\'s fitment into the story, thus making it an opera. I find the story to be insightful and particularly relevant. A selfish egotistical man who spent his life hurting others for his own benefit, eventually falls victim to his own deeds  and is dragged down to hell. I find this relevant because selfishness is human nature, and every person is capable of the same actions as Don Giovanni. We often forget the basic laws of nature in that every action has a reaction and that they often find their way back to us. Whether you believe in heaven or hell, there is no excuse not to be a decent, civilized person. Thus, the portrayal of Don being pulled down to hell by the Commendatore, be it literal or not, is something that should be a reminder to not overstep our bounds with one another with the intention of coming out on top.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nWith only a year difference, Mozart composed both<em> The Marriage of Figaro</em> and <em>Don Giovanni</em>, and for the sake of simplicity, to compare and contrast the works of the same composer, it\'s best to have the mindset that it\'s not about the score of the opera, but the choice of the story he wished to convey the music through.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nIn comparison, Mozart did substantially well with both his works. Both are well known and highly regarded operas with a successful score and moral plot to the story line. Though not neither were an original story, their presentation and adaptation into an opera male them both still enjoyable to any audience .\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nIn contrast <em>The Marriage of Figaro</em> is a continuation of another story, <em>The Barber of Seville</em>, what we\'d call today to be a sequel. It also contrasts with <em>Don Giovanni</em> in that it is a much longer opera. Having four acts instead of Don Giovanni\'s two, <em>The Marriage of Figaro</em> is purely more of a comedy versus <em>Don Giovanni</em> as a melodramatic comedy.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nTo make my earlier point  more detailed, the most significant idea of the story, one that future generations should be aware of is the basic flaw of our own selfish tendencies, and actions we take regarding them. It\'s a testament to  how easy it is to do as we please without considerations to those around us. This work is an extreme example of the selfishness and disregard by a man that brought his own demise. This story has a message that\'s relevant to all of us, and we should be aware of our thoughts and actions everyday. God-fearing or not, there\'s not excuse to not act like a decent human being. Columbia.edu puts it best, \"… all evildoers must meet such a terrible end.\"\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nAs a final analysis, <em>Don Giovanni</em> is a two act opera centered a selfish, womanizing man who sees only to benefit himself, and disregard the feelings of those around him. As is the fate of many like him, he is pulled down to hell for his refusal to repent for his crimes.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nThis particular TCP was especially difficult. How do you convey music through words? May only response would be that you cannot, you must listen for yourself. The story, however, was easy to explain. It had a simple plot that drove a single point effortlessly. The thing that has helped write this proposal the most would be what I have seen in my lifetime of people who\'ve acted selfishly and karma returned the favor. It\'s not an easy thing to miss, it\'s a cultural thing now, so much so I could write books and rants and still have not said enough about the subject. But let it be known that this work, at it\'s core, serves a good message to people willing to accept it.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div></div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nWorks Cited:\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nPhoto:  http://i.ytimg.com/vi/t_nHeThpfLw/0.jpg\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n\"Classical Net Review - Mozart - Don Giovanni.\" Classical Net Review - Mozart - Don Giovanni. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.classical.net/music/recs/reviews/n/nxs60080a.php&gt;.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n\"...an  impatient, arrogant man who can be quickly moved to anger and lust.  When he turns on the charm, it\'s to get something that he wants.\"\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nBrode, Alyssa. \"Synopsis and Historical Context of Mozart\'s \'Don Giovanni\'\" Yahoo! Contributor Network.  Yahoo Contributer Network, 15 Nov. 2011. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.  &lt;http://voices.yahoo.com/synopsis-historical-context-mozarts-don-giovanni-10428675.html&gt;.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nChristian  Gottfried Körner, a contemporary of Mozart, said of this renowned  composer: \"Mozart was perhaps the only one who could be equally great in  the comic as in the tragic.\"\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n NYC Opera, comp. \"Mozart: Don Giovanni.\" New York City Opera Project: Don Giovanni (n.d.): n. pag. Mozart: Don Giovanni. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.columbia.edu/itc/music/NYCO/dongiovanni/synopsis.html&gt;.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n\"… all evildoers must meet such a terrible end.\"\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>','Mozart\'s Don Giovanni','','inherit','open','open','','2692-revision-15','','','2012-10-15 12:13:38','2012-10-15 18:13:38','',2692,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2729',0,'revision','',0),(2730,1,'2012-10-15 12:15:20','2012-10-15 18:15:20','<div>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/0.jpg\"><img class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-2710\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/0-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" /></a>\r\n\r\nDon Giovanni\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nWolfgang Amadeus Mozart\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nOctober 29, 1787\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nMozart created an astounding piece of art with <em>Don Giovanni</em>, with its blend of comedic elements with morality and the eventual fate of the antagonist not only makes for a good story based around the story of <em>Don Juan</em>, but the score is what makes it arguably one of the best operas of all time. Thus, to its credit, the story has made great subject matter for many writers and philosophers. <em>Don Giovanni</em> should be preserved because the prospect of human nature and human morality created by the antagonist, Don Giovanni, sets up very contemplative and debatable subject matter and that it is considered to be one of the most unique and highly respective operas of all time not only for its music, but also for its story.\r\n\r\n<!--more-->\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nSet is Spain, <em>Don Giovanni</em> is a two act opera centered around  the man Don Giovanni; a young, arrogant, sexually promiscuous man who antagonizes an abuses those around him, \"...an impatient, arrogant man who can be quickly moved to anger and lust.  When he turns on the charm, it\'s to get something that he wants.\" as stated by Classical.net best describes.  Until finally  he eventually meets his fate as he is dragged down to hell by a statue of a man he slayed. This work is unique to itself as it was done by the young Mozart which tells a story through a two act opera. Such was the time that Mozart was considered a genius and a revolutionary in the performing arts. Although vastly considered as a comedy, it is more a blend of comedy, melodrama and supernatural elements.  In an article by Yahoo! Voices, \"Christian Gottfried Körner, a contemporary of Mozart, said of this  renowned composer: \"Mozart was perhaps the only one who could be equally  great in the comic as in the tragic.\", which is no less true of <em>Don Giovanni.</em>\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nAs a innovative work, <em>Don Giovanni</em> was unique for it\'s short length and it\'s simple message. At the time of it\'s creation, it followed Mozart\'s earlier opera, The Marriage of Figaro, so it\'s no surprise to any that it was successful since by this time Mozart was a well known composer.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nThe modern artistic audience of today still greatly appreciate this work and is globally ranked in the top 10 \"must-see\" operas of the world but multiple websites. As being one of Mozart\'s best known works, it is respectfully kept the same by many conductors and composers, Though there have been a handful that have made some slight additions or variations to the work itself. Mozart has always known to be a great composer and his works have been enjoyed by all the generations after him.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nNot knowing much of anything about the composition of music, I do appreciate it\'s complexity and it\'s fitment into the story, thus making it an opera. I find the story to be insightful and particularly relevant. A selfish egotistical man who spent his life hurting others for his own benefit, eventually falls victim to his own deeds  and is dragged down to hell. I find this relevant because selfishness is human nature, and every person is capable of the same actions as Don Giovanni. We often forget the basic laws of nature in that every action has a reaction and that they often find their way back to us. Whether you believe in heaven or hell, there is no excuse not to be a decent, civilized person. Thus, the portrayal of Don being pulled down to hell by the Commendatore, be it literal or not, is something that should be a reminder to not overstep our bounds with one another with the intention of coming out on top.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nWith only a year difference, Mozart composed both<em> The Marriage of Figaro</em> and <em>Don Giovanni</em>, and for the sake of simplicity, to compare and contrast the works of the same composer, it\'s best to have the mindset that it\'s not about the score of the opera, but the choice of the story he wished to convey the music through.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nIn comparison, Mozart did substantially well with both his works. Both are well known and highly regarded operas with a successful score and moral plot to the story line. Though not neither were an original story, their presentation and adaptation into an opera male them both still enjoyable to any audience .\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nIn contrast <em>The Marriage of Figaro</em> is a continuation of another story, <em>The Barber of Seville</em>, what we\'d call today to be a sequel. It also contrasts with <em>Don Giovanni</em> in that it is a much longer opera. Having four acts instead of Don Giovanni\'s two, <em>The Marriage of Figaro</em> is purely more of a comedy versus <em>Don Giovanni</em> as a melodramatic comedy.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nTo make my earlier point  more detailed, the most significant idea of the story, one that future generations should be aware of is the basic flaw of our own selfish tendencies, and actions we take regarding them. It\'s a testament to  how easy it is to do as we please without considerations to those around us. This work is an extreme example of the selfishness and disregard by a man that brought his own demise. This story has a message that\'s relevant to all of us, and we should be aware of our thoughts and actions everyday. God-fearing or not, there\'s not excuse to not act like a decent human being. Columbia.edu puts it best, \"… all evildoers must meet such a terrible end.\"\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nAs a final analysis, <em>Don Giovanni</em> is a two act opera centered a selfish, womanizing man who sees only to benefit himself, and disregard the feelings of those around him. As is the fate of many like him, he is pulled down to hell for his refusal to repent for his crimes.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nThis particular TCP was especially difficult. How do you convey music through words? May only response would be that you cannot, you must listen for yourself. The story, however, was easy to explain. It had a simple plot that drove a single point effortlessly. The thing that has helped write this proposal the most would be what I have seen in my lifetime of people who\'ve acted selfishly and karma returned the favor. It\'s not an easy thing to miss, it\'s a cultural thing now, so much so I could write books and rants and still have not said enough about the subject. But let it be known that this work, at it\'s core, serves a good message to people willing to accept it.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div></div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nWorks Cited:\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nPhoto: From the film Sherlock Holmes: Game of Shadows\r\n\r\nhttp://i.ytimg.com/vi/t_nHeThpfLw/0.jpg\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n\"Classical Net Review - Mozart - Don Giovanni.\" Classical Net Review - Mozart - Don Giovanni. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.classical.net/music/recs/reviews/n/nxs60080a.php&gt;.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n\"...an  impatient, arrogant man who can be quickly moved to anger and lust.  When he turns on the charm, it\'s to get something that he wants.\"\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nBrode, Alyssa. \"Synopsis and Historical Context of Mozart\'s \'Don Giovanni\'\" Yahoo! Contributor Network.  Yahoo Contributer Network, 15 Nov. 2011. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.  &lt;http://voices.yahoo.com/synopsis-historical-context-mozarts-don-giovanni-10428675.html&gt;.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\nChristian  Gottfried Körner, a contemporary of Mozart, said of this renowned  composer: \"Mozart was perhaps the only one who could be equally great in  the comic as in the tragic.\"\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n NYC Opera, comp. \"Mozart: Don Giovanni.\" New York City Opera Project: Don Giovanni (n.d.): n. pag. Mozart: Don Giovanni. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.columbia.edu/itc/music/NYCO/dongiovanni/synopsis.html&gt;.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n\"… all evildoers must meet such a terrible end.\"\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>','Mozart\'s Don Giovanni','','inherit','open','open','','2692-revision-16','','','2012-10-15 12:15:20','2012-10-15 18:15:20','',2692,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2730',0,'revision','',0),(2731,1,'2012-10-15 11:57:47','2012-10-15 17:57:47','<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/WolfgangAmadeusMozart.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2717\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/WolfgangAmadeusMozart.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" /></a>\r\n\r\nhttp://www.broadstreetreview.com/index.php/main/article/What_was_Mozart_thinking\r\n\r\nMozart was a child prodigy that helped form Classical music as we know it today.  “He began composing at the age of about five, and during the thirty remaining years of his life he wrote some 600 works.”  (Hannis).  “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” or if you don’t speak German, “A Little Night Music” was one of his most popular pieces.  Hands down, all of Mozart’s music is genius and beautifully tuned from his symphonies to his concertos.  “A Little Night Music” is a serenade and the occasion that it was written for in 1787 is still unknown.  The piece is made up of four movements, a typical characteristic of the Classical movement.  The first movement, allegro, is Mozart’s best known single movement ever created.  The musical phrases rise and fall in pitch and seem to answer each other back and forth.  Mozart’s rhythm stays on beat and he “perfectly illustrates the classical qualities of contrast and balance.” (Fiero).  With his tune precise, he flows into 3 more movements and left us with a masterpiece.  Whether you’re in an elevator going to an important meeting or watching a local orchestra recreate this serenade, you will enjoy it.  Without Mozart and the other great composers we would have missed out on music that shaped today’s era.  “A Little Night Music” should be preserved because it helped define the classical period and is still very popular today.<!--more-->\r\n\r\nThe Baroque period gave birth to the classical period in music.  Wind instruments were created and it was exciting because composers had new tools.  Instruments begin to replace vocals and orchestras made up a lot of classical period music.  Concertos and sonatas were created in the Baroque period and a lot of those styles dominated the classical period.   The classical period describes a particular musical style that triumphed in Europe between approximately 1760 and 1820.  “Classical composers most of whom came from Germany and Austria, wrote homophonic compositions with easy-to-grasp melodies, which are repeated or developed within a definitive formal structure.” (Fiero).  The three main composers that dominated the classical period were Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig Beethoven, and Franz Joseph Hayden.  They replaced Baroque polyphony with distinct musical phrases.  Harmony became very important and composers were popular.  Mozart and these guys were in very high demand and everyone wanted their music performed.  Mozart was writing his infamous “Don Giovanni” while he composed “A Little Night Music” and they are both dramatic in quality.  Keith Hannis from BBC Radio says it best: “There was clarity in both sound and form, and a satisfying balance between contrasting related elements in the music (e.g. piano and forte, question and answer, light and dark).”  During this time, church music was still in high demand but it was being overshadowed by all the music composed for secular entertainment.  Mozart was a court musician for the Archbishop of Salzburg for years and finally made a daring decision and went out to pursue an independent career.  Musical instruments were becoming very sophisticated during the classical period.  The orchestra consisted of many instruments that were all related such as: the strings (violins, violas, cellos, and double basses), the wood-winds (flutes, oboes, clarinets, and bassoons), the brass section (trumpets and French horns), and the percussion section (kettledrums).  Each section of the orchestra had its own purpose in the whole make-up of the symphony or movement that was created by the composer.  The orchestra was very essential to this time period because it formed the music created by the composer.  The different sounds and variations of instruments gave the music attitude, grace, and purpose.  Sometimes composers would use a single instrument (concerto), a whole symphony, or just the string section.  It all depended on the meaning of the piece and the play the composer wanted the audience to experience in musical form.\r\n\r\n“A little night Music” is innovative and unusual for its time because it sums up the whole classical period in a short serenade.  Most symphonies were long and “A little night Music” was short, concise, and to the point.  The reason it was written is unknown so that gives a mysterious aspect to the piece.  Serenades like this were often used as background music for festive occasions and large social gatherings.  Mozart was really sick when he wrote it and often people are curious as to what was going through his head and the emotions he was feeling.  “A little night music” is purposeful, alert, energetic, and busy.  The first movement of the serenade defined the whole piece and is the most popular by hear.  “A little Night Music” defines the characteristic of call and answer that dominated the classical period.  The classical period was in fact a very short period too.  Most music composed at this time is important and relevant.  Popular pieces of this time include Beethoven’s “Moonlight Sonata” and “Fur Elise.”  Haydn’s popular pieces are Symphonies No. 44 and No. 104.  All of these pieces are genius and the music from this period will be forever popular and norm.  Mozart only lived to be thirty-five; this piece is even more unusual and argues for preservation because he was only able to express his musical brilliance for a short period.  When a person thinks of the classical period, they can recall “A little Night Music” almost immediately.  Its popularity and obvious classical characteristics make it stand out from typical music of that time.\r\n\r\nAfter Mozart’s death, “A Little Night Music” was lost for a little bit.  It was not until 1827 that is was first performed.  “A Little Night Music” originally had five movements according to Mozart’s journals but one was lost between the period of when it was written and when it was first performed.  According to Google’s Ngram viewer that tracks the popularity of the title “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik,” it gained fame after 1920’s.  So in fact, the time that this masterpiece was written in 1787, people had no appreciation for it because it was undiscovered.  With the invention of the recorded media Mozart gained his popularity and recognition for “A Little Night Music.”\r\n\r\nToday “A Little Night Music” can be heard all around the world.  Although it can be used as music to entertain you while on hold or in an elevator, it’s importance and popularity is huge.  There was a big debate called “The Mozart Effect.”  In 1993, the University of California at Irvine conducted studies on students listening to Mozart before their tests and their test scores improved.  Researchers started saying that listening to Mozart could help you think more cognitively and “make you smarter.”  The tests were never duplicated but Mozart gained major popularity and his music was playing everywhere.  The Baltimore Symphony, The Illinois Symphony, and The Rockford Symphony, have all recreated “A Little Night Music.”  That is only to name a few!  Mozart is a household name.  “A Little Night Music” has been played in major movies including: <em>There’s Something About Mary, G.I. Jane, Daddy Day Care, Batman, Alien, Ace Ventura,</em> and my favorite <em>Fantasia</em>.  Obviously if this piece is being reproduced and used in top-selling movies, it is only common sense that people think highly of it.  The audiences of the movies range as well and from toddlers to adults Mozart is a favorite.  “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” is a staple of the classical period and its popularity is at its height today.  I think this serenade will forever be appreciated, reproduced, and studied for generations to come.  I find the elegance of the piece from the time it was written particularly meaningful.  The boldness in the first movement that is bursting with energy can always bring a smile on a gloomy day.  I was a piano player when I was young so this piece is nostalgic to me.  I also loved Fantasia so I was familiar with the piece from being a little girl.  Its history is huge in not only music but the instruments that were being created at that time.  It was made for a string quartet or a pianist, but the full symphony effect creates a big statement and entrance.\r\n\r\nLudwig Van Beethoven was another important composer of the classical period.  One of his most famous pieces and a very recognized piece of the classical period is, “Fur Elise”.  Translated to “For Elise” there is a lot of speculation around the purpose the bagatelle was created.  A bagatelle literally means a thing of little or no value but, “Fur Elise” became highly familiar.  A small piece but just as recognizable as one of Beethoven’s symphonies.  Just like Mozart’s, “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” there is a mysterious feature to the creation of the short piece.  Written in 1810, no distinct records or letters mention “Elise” after Beethoven’s death in 1827.  “Fur Elise” was also published after Beethoven’s death in 1865 like Mozart’s “A Little Night Music.”  “’Fur Elise” is a common catalyst and inspiration that causes many people to become interested in the piano.”  “A Little Night Music” made people interested in the symphony.  “A Little Night Music” has a grand and bold entrance while “Fur Elise” is soothing and gradual.  Both pieces reflect distinct classical period characteristics and had composers that defined classical music.  They are both similar in popularity and are recreated by famous symphonies and pianists.  People know both of them by ear and the composers are household names.  The pieces play a huge history in musical instruments such as the strings and the piano.  “Fur Elise” and “A Little Night Music” are both important to the history of classical music.  They are small pieces written for no particular reason but became influential in the creation of symphonies, musical instruments, and modern music.\r\n\r\n“Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” is so widely accepted and appreciated already.  Its popularity can be seen in movies, literature, local symphonies, and high school bands.  The classical period was short but sweet and will always be studied and researched as long as music continues to play a significant part of society.  It is important for future generations to be aware of the history and context of different genres of music and their impact on society.  The classical period is such a small part of music as a whole but, very important and significant.  It is important that Mozart and “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” are preserved so we can be aware of one of the greatest composers of all time.  We can continue to study and recreate his music and it will never get old.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p align=\"center\">Works Cited</p>\r\n\"Baltimore Symphony Orchestra Program Notes.\" Baltimore Symphony Orchestra - Program Notes 2009 - 2010 Season. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.bsomusic.org/main.taf?p=1,1,1,10,1&gt;.\r\n\r\nThis article is program notes to a symphony. It has background information on Mozart and \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik,\" It also has information on other symphonies Mozart created. I used it for background information and to show popularity of different symphonies that recreated his music.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik between 1800 and 2000.\" <em>Google Ngram Viewer</em>. Google, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Eine+Kleine+Nachtmusik&amp;year_start=1800&amp;year_end=2000&amp;corpus=0&amp;smoothing=3&gt;.\r\n\r\nThe Google Ngram viewer allows you to search a title or group of words and it will show you when it gained popularity or when that title showed up in books. I used this source to search when \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik\" was popular and when it was showing up in books and publications.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nFiero, Gloria K. The Humanistic Tradition. Vol 2. Books 3-6. 6<sup>th</sup> ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. eBook. McGraw-Hill’s Connect. 2011. Web. Fall 2012.\r\n\r\nThis textbook provides information and history on art, religion, philosophy, and architecture.  I used this textbook for research on Mozart and the Classical music period.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nGreen, Aaron. \"\"Fur Elise\" by Ludwig Van Beethoven.\" About.com Classical Music. About.com, n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://classicalmusic.about.com/od/onestopbeethoven/qt/beethove-fur-elise.htm&gt;.\r\n\r\nThis article is about \"Fur Elise\" and the history of the piece. It has basic information about when it was created and some basic information on Ludwig Van Beethoven himself.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHannis, Keith. \"BBC Radio Discovering Music \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik\"\" Mozart\'s Eine Kleine Nachtmusik. BBC Radio 3. 9 Jan. 2011. Www.bbc.com. BBC Radio. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00x1s9p&gt;. Transcript.\r\n\r\nThis source is listening notes that go along with a program about Mozart\'s \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik.\" The notes analyze the structure and style of the music. Information and history is also provided. I used this source for a better understand of musical terms used to describe this piece professionally. I used this source for history and for a review of the piece.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nJones, Martin. \"Human Intelligence: Mozart Effect.\" <em>Human Intelligence: Mozart Effect</em>. Indiana University, 2003. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/mozarteffect2.shtml&gt;.\r\n\r\nThis article provides information about \"The Mozart Effect.\" It includes a summary of the research and information on opinions about the research and whether it\'s true or false. I used this website for general information about the study.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Program Notes - Illinois Chamber Orchestra I.\" Illinois Symphony Orchestra. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. &lt;http://www.ilsymphony.org/concerts/illinois-chamber-orchestra/program-notes-ico-1.html&gt;.\r\n\r\nThe Illinois Symphony Orchestra provides program information about \"Eine Kleine Nachtmusik.\" They have some background and history about Mozart and when the piece was created. I used this source to show popularity and general research about the piece.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Mozart\'s \"A Little Night Music\"','','inherit','open','open','','2715-revision-5','','','2012-10-15 11:57:47','2012-10-15 17:57:47','',2715,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2731',0,'revision','',0),(2732,1,'2012-10-15 11:42:20','2012-10-15 17:42:20','[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"319\"]<a href=\"religious music in google images\"><img src=\"http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_DtmhjiI3ruk/TEspGnU0qCI/AAAAAAAAA_Y/-9sqTL1s6hY/s1600/lucy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"319\" height=\"564\" /></a> <br />Relilgious music[/caption]\r\n\r\n         During the time of Johan Sebastian Bach’s musical career, a lot was going on in the world. This was a turning point in the world, the Early 1700’s. “One of the most influential cultural events of the early seventeenth century” (1)(fiero) had just taken place, the new English translation of the Holy Bible. Recruited by James 1 of England, a committee of about 50 scholars had begun the work of the translations of scriptures.” This marked the beginning of the Protestant Reformation. This was the  time when Martin Luther had translated the Holy Bible from Greek to German. “The translation of the Holy Bible played a special significance in those times. It gave people an inner light, (fiero) and brought a new light to urge people to break away from Roman Catholic beliefs. This spawned a Reformation, and through music it carried the same theme and message. There is one hymn that symbolizes the Protestant Reformation; it is \"A Mighty Fortress Is Our God.\" by Bach. Those persecuted and martyred for their convictions during the Reformation sang these same words.\r\n\r\n       \"The one hymn that most symbolizes the Protestant Reformation is \"A Mighty Fortress Is Our God.\" In it, Martin Luther proclaims his confidence in God and rallies all Christians to war against evil. Basing his words on Psalm 46, he victoriously states \"We will not fear, for God has willed His truth to triumph through us.\" Those persecuted and martyred for their convictions during the Reformation sang these words from Bach’s “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” Luther understood the power of evil: “After he posted his ninety-five theses on the door of Wittenberg\'s Castle in 1517, he faced years of trials and persecution, he was excommunicated from the Roman church, and he continually faced threats against his life and his freedom.” “Other reformers had been persecuted and burned at the stake.”                                                                                                                                                                              “But he also knew God is our refuge and strength, a very present help in danger\" (Psalm 46:1) and so he wrote \"A Mighty Fortress is our God,\" proclaiming boldly that \"the prince of darkness grim, we tremble  not for him . . . one little word shall fell him.\" Since he wrote it in 1529,” (2)\r\n\r\n       This piece both compares and differentiates to another piece of its time.  I think this piece compares to Handel’s Messiah, “Handel’s music brought scripture to life, that celebrates the birth of Jesus and is a collection of versus from the Old and New testament. “ The most famous of Handel’s works is the Messiah, which was written in the English of the King James Bible.” (fiero) The two compare because Bach’s “A Mighty Fortress is our God” also is based on scripture, that cover Thessalonians, Revelations and Psalms.  The two differentiate because in Handel’s Messiah, the first part “recounts the Old Testament prophesies of a savior, the second part relates to the suffering and death of Jesus, and the third part rejoices in the redemption of humankind through Christ’s resurrection.”(fiero) while in Bach’s “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” his piece translated is the scriptures from 2 Thessalonians 2:3-8 which talk about a man of Lawlessness, or a man of sin,(when translated) verse 3 of chapter 2 in the New testament of the Holy Bible also the first part of Bach’s “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” say “Don’t let anyone deceive you in any way, for that day will not come until the rebellion occurs and the man of sin (some translations say rebellion) is revealed, the man doomed to destruction.”(3)  Bach’s piece is warning us of sin, unlike Handle’s Messiah which celebrate Jesus’ life. I believe “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” by Bach had a much more huge significance in the past than in today’s times because in those times people were willing to die for their own given right to practice what they religiously believed in, an example was Martin Luther’s friend Ulrich Zwingli, “who died Oct. 11, 1531, who was part of the Reformation as well, and believed one simple truth, it was the bible was the truth and anything else was not. Zwingli debated against the Roman Catholic Church on lent and clerical celibacy “calling them unbiblical.”(4) “The Roman Catholic Church declared war against the Protestants and Zwingly was killed, and his body was defiled.”(4)  Bach’s “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” has been known to be the same exact battle that Zwingli died for and was attached to the Protestant movement, which was that “all western Christian believers that did  not adhere to Roman Catholic faith. This was a definitive decade for the creation of the Evangelical faith.”(5) This was the main theme behind Bach’s “A Mighty Fortress is our God.” “Cantata No.80, the most important hymn of the Lutheran Church, Its melody unifies the eight movements of the cantata, which concludes with a four part setting of the chorale melody, sung in the style of the congregational hymn”(2)\r\n\r\n        Bach’s “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” in my opinion does not have the same affect on listeners today as it did back in Bach’s time, although Bach’s “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” is still around today. “Bach’s hymn has been translated into nearly every language. There are said to be over eighty English translations alone to this hymn, but the version most used in the United States is the translation by Frederic Henry Hedge in 1852. The first line of \"A Mighty Fortress Is Our God\" is inscribed on the tomb of Martin Luther at Wittenberg. And its powerful words and tune continue to live.” “The hymn was sung at the funeral of President Dwight D. Eisenhower at the National Cathedral in Washington DC, March 1969. And it was also included in the National Service of Prayer and Remembrance, held shortly after the September 11, 2001 attacks against America”(2). Today, Bach’s song doesn’t have the same impact on listeners because a lot of people including me did not even know the whole background setting of the song, what was going on during the years it was written and why it was written, its meaning and lyrics, and understanding of the Reformation movement, and to what they were reforming against. Today we do not have the same restrictions as in Bach’s times, being forced to believe in a religion, that know one really knew the religion because there was only one priest that had a bible that was written in Latin, and only the priest knew Latin and what the priest said was law, if anyone disagreed there were great repercussions sometimes death.  Today we are able to carry a bible of your choice at your own free will and express and believe in what ever you chose to believe in, because of the people of Bach’s time and of Bach’s song.  Many people died to have that right to believe in a religion of your choice. This song today does not have the same affect as it did back then, since we are overwhelmed with the many great choices in the land of the free to do and practice any religion of choice.\r\n\r\n        In Conclusion this song still helps to remind me to not take for granted of the many great opportunities that I do have today, and to cherish those opportunities, and to be grateful of the present freedoms we do have, because of this Bach’s “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” would be a definite choice to take as a TCP to save and cherish for future generations.\r\n\r\n\"God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble\" (Psalm 46:1). With a beautiful reminder of that truth, \"A Mighty Fortress Is Our God\" gives us hope amidst the struggles of life. The words, written nearly five hundred years ago, still ring true today: When life storms blow in around us, we can find refuge in the mighty fortress of our God.”(2)','The work “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” by Johan Sebastion          Bach should be preserved because it inspired a Reformation and forces us to be grateful ','','inherit','open','open','','2695-revision-6','','','2012-10-15 11:42:20','2012-10-15 17:42:20','',2695,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2732',0,'revision','',0),(2734,1,'2012-10-15 14:38:19','2012-10-15 20:38:19','[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"279\"]<a href=\"religious music in google images\"><img src=\"http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_DtmhjiI3ruk/TEspGnU0qCI/AAAAAAAAA_Y/-9sqTL1s6hY/s1600/lucy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"279\" height=\"492\" /></a> <br />Religious music[/caption]\r\n\r\nDuring the time of Johan Sebastian Bach’s musical career, a lot was going on in the world. This was a turning point in the world, the Early 1700’s. “One of the most influential cultural events of the early seventeenth century” (1)(fiero) had just taken place, the new English translation of the Holy Bible. Recruited by James 1 of England, a committee of about 50 scholars had begun the work of the translations of scriptures.” This marked the beginning of the Protestant Reformation. This was the  time when Martin Luther had translated the Holy Bible from Greek to German. “The translation of the Holy Bible played a special significance in those times. It gave people an inner light, (fiero) and brought a new light to urge people to break away from Roman Catholic beliefs. This spawned a Reformation, and through music it carried the same theme and message. There is one hymn that symbolizes the Protestant Reformation; it is \"A Mighty Fortress Is Our God.\" by Bach. Those persecuted and martyred for their convictions during the Reformation sang these same words.<!--more-->\r\n\r\n\"The one hymn that most symbolizes the Protestant Reformation is \"A Mighty Fortress Is Our God.\" In it, Martin Luther proclaims his confidence in God and rallies all Christians to war against evil. Basing his words on Psalm 46, he victoriously states \"We will not fear, for God has willed His truth to triumph through us.\" Those persecuted and martyred for their convictions during the Reformation sang these words from Bach’s “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” Luther understood the power of evil: “After he posted his ninety-five theses on the door of Wittenberg\'s Castle in 1517, he faced years of trials and persecution, he was excommunicated from the Roman church, and he continually faced threats against his life and his freedom.” “Other reformers had been persecuted and burned at the stake.”                                                                                                                                                                              “But he also knew God is our refuge and strength, a very present help in danger\" (Psalm 46:1) and so he wrote \"A Mighty Fortress is our God,\" proclaiming boldly that \"the prince of darkness grim, we tremble  not for him . . . one little word shall fell him.\" Since he wrote it in 1529,” (2)\r\n\r\nThis piece both compares and differentiates to another piece of its time.  I think this piece compares to Handel’s Messiah, “Handel’s music brought scripture to life, that celebrates the birth of Jesus and is a collection of versus from the Old and New testament. “ The most famous of Handel’s works is the Messiah, which was written in the English of the King James Bible.” (fiero) The two compare because Bach’s “A Mighty Fortress is our God” also is based on scripture, that cover Thessalonians, Revelations and Psalms.  The two differentiate because in Handel’s Messiah, the first part “recounts the Old Testament prophesies of a savior, the second part relates to the suffering and death of Jesus, and the third part rejoices in the redemption of humankind through Christ’s resurrection.”(fiero) while in Bach’s “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” his piece translated is the scriptures from 2 Thessalonians 2:3-8 which talk about a man of Lawlessness, or a man of sin,(when translated) verse 3 of chapter 2 in the New testament of the Holy Bible also the first part of Bach’s “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” say “Don’t let anyone deceive you in any way, for that day will not come until the rebellion occurs and the man of sin (some translations say rebellion) is revealed, the man doomed to destruction.”(3)  Bach’s piece is warning us of sin, unlike Handle’s Messiah which celebrate Jesus’ life. I believe “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” by Bach had a much more huge significance in the past than in today’s times because in those times people were willing to die for their own given right to practice what they religiously believed in, an example was Martin Luther’s friend Ulrich Zwingli, “who died Oct. 11, 1531, who was part of the Reformation as well, and believed one simple truth, it was the bible was the truth and anything else was not. Zwingli debated against the Roman Catholic Church on lent and clerical celibacy “calling them unbiblical.”(4) “The Roman Catholic Church declared war against the Protestants and Zwingly was killed, and his body was defiled.”(4)  Bach’s “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” has been known to be the same exact battle that Zwingli died for and was attached to the Protestant movement, which was that “all western Christian believers that did  not adhere to Roman Catholic faith. This was a definitive decade for the creation of the Evangelical faith.”(5) This was the main theme behind Bach’s “A Mighty Fortress is our God.” “Cantata No.80, the most important hymn of the Lutheran Church, Its melody unifies the eight movements of the cantata, which concludes with a four part setting of the chorale melody, sung in the style of the congregational hymn”(2)\r\n\r\nBach’s “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” in my opinion does not have the same affect on listeners today as it did back in Bach’s time, although Bach’s “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” is still around today. “Bach’s hymn has been translated into nearly every language. There are said to be over eighty English translations alone to this hymn, but the version most used in the United States is the translation by Frederic Henry Hedge in 1852. The first line of \"A Mighty Fortress Is Our God\" is inscribed on the tomb of Martin Luther at Wittenberg. And its powerful words and tune continue to live.” “The hymn was sung at the funeral of President Dwight D. Eisenhower at the National Cathedral in Washington DC, March 1969. And it was also included in the National Service of Prayer and Remembrance, held shortly after the September 11, 2001 attacks against America”(2). Today, Bach’s song doesn’t have the same impact on listeners because a lot of people including me did not even know the whole background setting of the song, what was going on during the years it was written and why it was written, its meaning and lyrics, and understanding of the Reformation movement, and to what they were reforming against. Today we do not have the same restrictions as in Bach’s times, being forced to believe in a religion, that know one really knew the religion because there was only one priest that had a bible that was written in Latin, and only the priest knew Latin and what the priest said was law, if anyone disagreed there were great repercussions sometimes death.  Today we are able to carry a bible of your choice at your own free will and express and believe in what ever you chose to believe in, because of the people of Bach’s time and of Bach’s song.  Many people died to have that right to believe in a religion of your choice. This song today does not have the same affect as it did back then, since we are overwhelmed with the many great choices in the land of the free to do and practice any religion of choice.\r\n\r\nIn Conclusion this song still helps to remind me to not take for granted of the many great opportunities that I do have today, and to cherish those opportunities, and to be grateful of the present freedoms we do have, because of this Bach’s “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” would be a definite choice to take as a TCP to save and cherish for future generations.\r\n\r\n\"God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble\" (Psalm 46:1). With a beautiful reminder of that truth, \"A Mighty Fortress Is Our God\" gives us hope amidst the struggles of life. The words, written nearly five hundred years ago, still ring true today: When life storms blow in around us, we can find refuge in the mighty fortress of our God.”(2)','The work “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” by Johan Sebastion Bach should be preserved because it inspired a Reformation and forces us to be grateful ','','inherit','open','open','','2695-revision-8','','','2012-10-15 14:38:19','2012-10-15 20:38:19','',2695,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2734',0,'revision','',0),(2735,1,'2012-10-15 14:38:50','2012-10-15 20:38:50','[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"279\"]<a href=\"religious music in google images\"><img src=\"http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_DtmhjiI3ruk/TEspGnU0qCI/AAAAAAAAA_Y/-9sqTL1s6hY/s1600/lucy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"279\" height=\"492\" /></a> <br />Religious music[/caption]\r\n\r\nDuring the time of Johan Sebastian Bach’s musical career, a lot was going on in the world. This was a turning point in the world, the Early 1700’s. “One of the most influential cultural events of the early seventeenth century” (1)(fiero) had just taken place, the new English translation of the Holy Bible. Recruited by James 1 of England, a committee of about 50 scholars had begun the work of the translations of scriptures.” This marked the beginning of the Protestant Reformation. This was the  time when Martin Luther had translated the Holy Bible from Greek to German. “The translation of the Holy Bible played a special significance in those times. It gave people an inner light, (fiero) and brought a new light to urge people to break away from Roman Catholic beliefs. This spawned a Reformation, and through music it carried the same theme and message. There is one hymn that symbolizes the Protestant Reformation; it is \"A Mighty Fortress Is Our God.\" by Bach. Those persecuted and martyred for their convictions during the Reformation sang these same words.<!--more-->\r\n\r\n\"The one hymn that most symbolizes the Protestant Reformation is \"A Mighty Fortress Is Our God.\" In it, Martin Luther proclaims his confidence in God and rallies all Christians to war against evil. Basing his words on Psalm 46, he victoriously states \"We will not fear, for God has willed His truth to triumph through us.\" Those persecuted and martyred for their convictions during the Reformation sang these words from Bach’s “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” Luther understood the power of evil: “After he posted his ninety-five theses on the door of Wittenberg\'s Castle in 1517, he faced years of trials and persecution, he was excommunicated from the Roman church, and he continually faced threats against his life and his freedom.” “Other reformers had been persecuted and burned at the stake.”                                                                                                                                                                              “But he also knew God is our refuge and strength, a very present help in danger\" (Psalm 46:1) and so he wrote \"A Mighty Fortress is our God,\" proclaiming boldly that \"the prince of darkness grim, we tremble  not for him . . . one little word shall fell him.\" Since he wrote it in 1529,” (2)\r\n\r\nThis piece both compares and differentiates to another piece of its time.  I think this piece compares to Handel’s Messiah, “Handel’s music brought scripture to life, that celebrates the birth of Jesus and is a collection of versus from the Old and New testament. “ The most famous of Handel’s works is the Messiah, which was written in the English of the King James Bible.” (fiero) The two compare because Bach’s “A Mighty Fortress is our God” also is based on scripture, that cover Thessalonians, Revelations and Psalms.  The two differentiate because in Handel’s Messiah, the first part “recounts the Old Testament prophesies of a savior, the second part relates to the suffering and death of Jesus, and the third part rejoices in the redemption of humankind through Christ’s resurrection.”(fiero) while in Bach’s “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” his piece translated is the scriptures from 2 Thessalonians 2:3-8 which talk about a man of Lawlessness, or a man of sin,(when translated) verse 3 of chapter 2 in the New testament of the Holy Bible also the first part of Bach’s “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” say “Don’t let anyone deceive you in any way, for that day will not come until the rebellion occurs and the man of sin (some translations say rebellion) is revealed, the man doomed to destruction.”(3)  Bach’s piece is warning us of sin, unlike Handle’s Messiah which celebrate Jesus’ life. I believe “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” by Bach had a much more huge significance in the past than in today’s times because in those times people were willing to die for their own given right to practice what they religiously believed in, an example was Martin Luther’s friend Ulrich Zwingli, “who died Oct. 11, 1531, who was part of the Reformation as well, and believed one simple truth, it was the bible was the truth and anything else was not. Zwingli debated against the Roman Catholic Church on lent and clerical celibacy “calling them unbiblical.”(4) “The Roman Catholic Church declared war against the Protestants and Zwingly was killed, and his body was defiled.”(4)  Bach’s “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” has been known to be the same exact battle that Zwingli died for and was attached to the Protestant movement, which was that “all western Christian believers that did  not adhere to Roman Catholic faith. This was a definitive decade for the creation of the Evangelical faith.”(5) This was the main theme behind Bach’s “A Mighty Fortress is our God.” “Cantata No.80, the most important hymn of the Lutheran Church, Its melody unifies the eight movements of the cantata, which concludes with a four part setting of the chorale melody, sung in the style of the congregational hymn”(2)\r\n\r\nBach’s “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” in my opinion does not have the same affect on listeners today as it did back in Bach’s time, although Bach’s “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” is still around today. “Bach’s hymn has been translated into nearly every language. There are said to be over eighty English translations alone to this hymn, but the version most used in the United States is the translation by Frederic Henry Hedge in 1852. The first line of \"A Mighty Fortress Is Our God\" is inscribed on the tomb of Martin Luther at Wittenberg. And its powerful words and tune continue to live.” “The hymn was sung at the funeral of President Dwight D. Eisenhower at the National Cathedral in Washington DC, March 1969. And it was also included in the National Service of Prayer and Remembrance, held shortly after the September 11, 2001 attacks against America”(2). Today, Bach’s song doesn’t have the same impact on listeners because a lot of people including me did not even know the whole background setting of the song, what was going on during the years it was written and why it was written, its meaning and lyrics, and understanding of the Reformation movement, and to what they were reforming against. Today we do not have the same restrictions as in Bach’s times, being forced to believe in a religion, that know one really knew the religion because there was only one priest that had a bible that was written in Latin, and only the priest knew Latin and what the priest said was law, if anyone disagreed there were great repercussions sometimes death.  Today we are able to carry a bible of your choice at your own free will and express and believe in what ever you chose to believe in, because of the people of Bach’s time and of Bach’s song.  Many people died to have that right to believe in a religion of your choice. This song today does not have the same affect as it did back then, since we are overwhelmed with the many great choices in the land of the free to do and practice any religion of choice.\r\n\r\nIn Conclusion this song still helps to remind me to not take for granted of the many great opportunities that I do have today, and to cherish those opportunities, and to be grateful of the present freedoms we do have, because of this Bach’s “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” would be a definite choice to take as a TCP to save and cherish for future generations.\r\n\r\n\"God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble\" (Psalm 46:1). With a beautiful reminder of that truth, \"A Mighty Fortress Is Our God\" gives us hope amidst the struggles of life. The words, written nearly five hundred years ago, still ring true today: When life storms blow in around us, we can find refuge in the mighty fortress of our God.”(2)','The work “A Mighty Fortress is Our God” by Johan Sebastion Bach should be preserved because it inspired a Reformation and forces us to be grateful ','','inherit','open','open','','2695-revision-9','','','2012-10-15 14:38:50','2012-10-15 20:38:50','',2695,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2735',0,'revision','',0),(3247,80,'2013-09-23 11:32:27','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','Auto Draft','','auto-draft','open','open','','','','','2013-09-23 11:32:27','0000-00-00 00:00:00','',0,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3247',0,'post','',0),(3248,82,'2013-09-23 11:32:42','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','Auto Draft','','auto-draft','open','open','','','','','2013-09-23 11:32:42','0000-00-00 00:00:00','',0,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3248',0,'post','',0),(2741,1,'2012-10-15 12:01:39','2012-10-15 18:01:39','[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"515\"]<img src=\"http://blog.wegowise.com/Portals/107469/images/versailles%20lawns%20wegowise.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"515\" height=\"328\" /> http://blog.wegowise.com/Portals/107469/images/versailles%20lawns%20wegowise.jpg<br />The Palace of Versailles[/caption]\r\n\r\nBeginning in 1500 the world was increasingly innovative. The Scientific Revolution was taking off alongside the Protestant and Catholic Reformations. People were starting to think for themselves without the leadership of the church and state. In the mid-late 1600s the Enlightenment sprang up which offered new philosophical ideas about science, religion, and government. Regardless of these new trends though, in France King Louis the 14<sup>th</sup> took power and changed France to an Absolute Monarchy, meaning not even the church was above him. King Louis the 14<sup>th</sup> began the process which would ultimately lead to his citizens rising up and taking the government over. In 1788 the French government went bankrupt after aiding the United States in their revolution on top of all the construction on the palace, and in 1789 the French revolution began (Fiero).\r\n\r\n<!--more-->\r\n\r\nThe Palace of Versailles truly is a magnificent piece of art. Located in Versailles, France, the palace and its gardens took up 37,000 acres of land (Link Paris). The initial building phase was constructed in 1624, and it was a hunting lodge for King Louis the 13<sup>th</sup>. But what was to come over the next 150 years was breathtaking. The Palace of Versailles went through about 5 architects and designers, and there were 3 main building phases. The Palace of Versailles should be preserved because it not only is a piece of art, but it is also an important historical site.\r\n\r\nThe palace while very astonishing, had some typical pieces. The palace was designed by using a popular art trend called Baroque, meaning very ornate and grand designs. Fiero says, “…in combination with a taste for spatial grandeur, dramatic contrast, and theatrical display, were the distinguishing features of the Classical Baroque Style (Fiero).”\r\n\r\nWhat makes the Palace of Versailles so innovative is the scale of the design. The land area of the whole palace including the garden was half the size of Paris (Fiero). The palace itself was home to every member of the government; the courts and their families, the king and his whole family, servants and gardeners. There were apartments as part of the palace; there was also a theatre, zoo, mini palaces, a cathedral, and court houses. The garden itself was on 7 square miles of land (Fiero). This majestic site has had several attempts at recreation in other countries, but specifics I will mention later.\r\n\r\nAt the time it was built there were 2 very polar responses to the palace. On one side was a frustrated public. The citizens of France were very poor; they lived in one bedroom homes. Seeing the government in such an ornate palace wasn’t a very warm feeling. On the opposite end of the spectrum was the world response to the palace. Many other monarchies’ saw the palace as a symbol of power and wealth, the “French style” became something many countries idolized (Fiero). At the time, there were attempts to copy the palace in Kassel, Stockholm, Vienna, Hungary, Italy, and Spain (IVC).\r\n\r\nToday, the Palace is considered art. Today people view France as snooty, fancy, and high class most likely originating from this building. The French government has since returned art work stolen during the French revolution and continues to preserve Versailles. The palace is now a museum/tourist attraction, and also a government building with government offices. According to the museum there, Versailles receives about 2,400,000 visitors a year, and 70% of that is foreigners (Guardiola). The palace has also been the location of a few key treaty signings in the Hall of Mirrors. In 1783, a treaty was signed ending the American Revolution; in 1871, a treaty was signed ending the Franco- Prussian War; and most famously the palace housed the controversial treaty ending World War 1 in 1919 (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia). Recently in the United States, a family in Florida attempted to build their own Palace of Versailles, but never finished it (Ortiz).\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"482\"]<img src=\"http://www.visitingdc.com/images/hall-of-mirrors-versailles.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"482\" height=\"283\" /> http://www.visitingdc.com/images/hall-of-mirrors-versailles.jpg<br />The Hall of Mirrors[/caption]\r\n\r\nMy personal reaction to the palace is as polar as the responses at the time. On one side it disgusts me because of the blatant disregard for the citizens, and really the country as a whole. The government form of Absolutism is just ridiculous, as shown by France, and goes against all the Enlightenment ideals of the time. On the other end though, I think the Palace is just magnificent. It is jaw dropping gorgeous, and has been the host to many historical events, both French and Worldly.\r\n\r\nLike the Palace of Versailles, another big build was taking place in India called the Taj Mahal. The Taj Mahal was built as a tomb for Shah Jahan’s favorite wife, a “Monument for Love” (Tasker). There were several similarities between  the two builds. One being the builder. Louis the 14<sup>th</sup> and Shah Jahan both were extremely wealthy and loved luxury; also both rulers used the countries treasury to fund the two projects. The Taj Mahal was finished in 1648. It’s name is from two things, Mahal was her last name and Taj means crown in persain but to the muslims it was a conical hat so that’s why the main building is a dome. The jewels were put in to show nobility and prestige (Tasker). The building shows the wealth of the Mughuls, or as Tasker puts it, “…the splendor of the Mughal Empire… (Tasker).” This makes it like the Palace of Versailles also because the Palace symbolized French power and wealth.\r\n\r\nThere are a few significant things that future generations can take from the Palace of Versailles. They can take it as a lesson of not being selfish, because it will eventually bounce back on you. But they can also use it as a guide for 1600s-1700s art and architecture. The Baroque style that France perfecting, the fountains in the garden, the sculptures, the paintings, everything is one big culture lesson. Also, just thinking that in that palace wars were ended is a pretty cool thought. The Palace really should continue to be preserved as close to the 1700s model as possible because it is just so key to history and art.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Works Cited</span>\r\n\r\nFiero, Gloria K. <em>The Humanistic Tradition</em>. Vol 2. Books 3-6. 6<sup>th</sup> ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. eBook. McGraw-Hill’s Connect. 2011. Web. Fall 2012.\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>I used the textbook for most of the specific information about the Palace and historical context.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\"Linkparis.com.\" <em>Palace of Versailles History</em>. N.p.. Web. 15 Oct 2012. &lt;http://www.linkparis.com/versailles.htm&gt;.\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>I used Link Paris to get some sizes of the Palace specifically.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nOrtiz, Erik. \"New York Daily News.\" . N.p., 18 2012. Web. 15 Oct 2012. &lt;http://articles.nydailynews.com/2012-07-18/news/32734415_1_versailles-documentary-timeshare-tycoon&gt;.\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> Used Ortiz’s story for my paragraph discussing how people today precieve the Palace.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nTasker, Shane. “Taj Mahal: Monument To Love.” <em>World &amp; 1</em> 23.1 (2008): 8. <em>MAS Ultra- School Edition</em>. Web. 8 oct. 2012.\r\n\r\n\"The Palace of Versailles and its gardens.\" . Art History at Irvine Valley College. Web. 15 Oct 2012.\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>I used this for my whole paragraph comparing Versailles to the Taj Mahal.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\"Versailles, Treaty Of.\" <em>Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6Th Edition</em> (2011): 1. <em>MAS Ultra - School Edition</em>. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>I used this encyclopedia source to get the dates of the Treaties that were signed at Versailles.</li>\r\n</ul>','The Palace of Versailles in Versailles, France','','inherit','open','open','','2691-revision-6','','','2012-10-15 12:01:39','2012-10-15 18:01:39','',2691,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2741',0,'revision','',0),(2742,1,'2012-10-15 14:40:48','2012-10-15 20:40:48','[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"457\"]<img src=\"http://blog.wegowise.com/Portals/107469/images/versailles%20lawns%20wegowise.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"457\" height=\"291\" /> http://blog.wegowise.com/Portals/107469/images/versailles%20lawns%20wegowise.jpg<br />The Palace of Versailles[/caption]\r\n\r\nBeginning in 1500 the world was increasingly innovative. The Scientific Revolution was taking off alongside the Protestant and Catholic Reformations. People were starting to think for themselves without the leadership of the church and state. In the mid-late 1600s the Enlightenment sprang up which offered new philosophical ideas about science, religion, and government. Regardless of these new trends though, in France King Louis the 14<sup>th</sup> took power and changed France to an Absolute Monarchy, meaning not even the church was above him. King Louis the 14<sup>th</sup> began the process which would ultimately lead to his citizens rising up and taking the government over. In 1788 the French government went bankrupt after aiding the United States in their revolution on top of all the construction on the palace, and in 1789 the French revolution began (Fiero).\r\n\r\n<!--more-->\r\n\r\nThe Palace of Versailles truly is a magnificent piece of art. Located in Versailles, France, the palace and its gardens took up 37,000 acres of land (Link Paris). The initial building phase was constructed in 1624, and it was a hunting lodge for King Louis the 13<sup>th</sup>. But what was to come over the next 150 years was breathtaking. The Palace of Versailles went through about 5 architects and designers, and there were 3 main building phases. The Palace of Versailles should be preserved because it not only is a piece of art, but it is also an important historical site.\r\n\r\nThe palace while very astonishing, had some typical pieces. The palace was designed by using a popular art trend called Baroque, meaning very ornate and grand designs. Fiero says, “…in combination with a taste for spatial grandeur, dramatic contrast, and theatrical display, were the distinguishing features of the Classical Baroque Style (Fiero).”\r\n\r\nWhat makes the Palace of Versailles so innovative is the scale of the design. The land area of the whole palace including the garden was half the size of Paris (Fiero). The palace itself was home to every member of the government; the courts and their families, the king and his whole family, servants and gardeners. There were apartments as part of the palace; there was also a theatre, zoo, mini palaces, a cathedral, and court houses. The garden itself was on 7 square miles of land (Fiero). This majestic site has had several attempts at recreation in other countries, but specifics I will mention later.\r\n\r\nAt the time it was built there were 2 very polar responses to the palace. On one side was a frustrated public. The citizens of France were very poor; they lived in one bedroom homes. Seeing the government in such an ornate palace wasn’t a very warm feeling. On the opposite end of the spectrum was the world response to the palace. Many other monarchies’ saw the palace as a symbol of power and wealth, the “French style” became something many countries idolized (Fiero). At the time, there were attempts to copy the palace in Kassel, Stockholm, Vienna, Hungary, Italy, and Spain (IVC).\r\n\r\nToday, the Palace is considered art. Today people view France as snooty, fancy, and high class most likely originating from this building. The French government has since returned art work stolen during the French revolution and continues to preserve Versailles. The palace is now a museum/tourist attraction, and also a government building with government offices. According to the museum there, Versailles receives about 2,400,000 visitors a year, and 70% of that is foreigners (Guardiola). The palace has also been the location of a few key treaty signings in the Hall of Mirrors. In 1783, a treaty was signed ending the American Revolution; in 1871, a treaty was signed ending the Franco- Prussian War; and most famously the palace housed the controversial treaty ending World War 1 in 1919 (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia). Recently in the United States, a family in Florida attempted to build their own Palace of Versailles, but never finished it (Ortiz).\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"482\"]<img src=\"http://www.visitingdc.com/images/hall-of-mirrors-versailles.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"482\" height=\"283\" /> http://www.visitingdc.com/images/hall-of-mirrors-versailles.jpg<br />The Hall of Mirrors[/caption]\r\n\r\nMy personal reaction to the palace is as polar as the responses at the time. On one side it disgusts me because of the blatant disregard for the citizens, and really the country as a whole. The government form of Absolutism is just ridiculous, as shown by France, and goes against all the Enlightenment ideals of the time. On the other end though, I think the Palace is just magnificent. It is jaw dropping gorgeous, and has been the host to many historical events, both French and Worldly.\r\n\r\nLike the Palace of Versailles, another big build was taking place in India called the Taj Mahal. The Taj Mahal was built as a tomb for Shah Jahan’s favorite wife, a “Monument for Love” (Tasker). There were several similarities between  the two builds. One being the builder. Louis the 14<sup>th</sup> and Shah Jahan both were extremely wealthy and loved luxury; also both rulers used the countries treasury to fund the two projects. The Taj Mahal was finished in 1648. It’s name is from two things, Mahal was her last name and Taj means crown in persain but to the muslims it was a conical hat so that’s why the main building is a dome. The jewels were put in to show nobility and prestige (Tasker). The building shows the wealth of the Mughuls, or as Tasker puts it, “…the splendor of the Mughal Empire… (Tasker).” This makes it like the Palace of Versailles also because the Palace symbolized French power and wealth.\r\n\r\nThere are a few significant things that future generations can take from the Palace of Versailles. They can take it as a lesson of not being selfish, because it will eventually bounce back on you. But they can also use it as a guide for 1600s-1700s art and architecture. The Baroque style that France perfecting, the fountains in the garden, the sculptures, the paintings, everything is one big culture lesson. Also, just thinking that in that palace wars were ended is a pretty cool thought. The Palace really should continue to be preserved as close to the 1700s model as possible because it is just so key to history and art.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Works Cited</span>\r\n\r\nFiero, Gloria K. <em>The Humanistic Tradition</em>. Vol 2. Books 3-6. 6<sup>th</sup> ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. eBook. McGraw-Hill’s Connect. 2011. Web. Fall 2012.\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>I used the textbook for most of the specific information about the Palace and historical context.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\"Linkparis.com.\" <em>Palace of Versailles History</em>. N.p.. Web. 15 Oct 2012. &lt;http://www.linkparis.com/versailles.htm&gt;.\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>I used Link Paris to get some sizes of the Palace specifically.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nOrtiz, Erik. \"New York Daily News.\" . N.p., 18 2012. Web. 15 Oct 2012. &lt;http://articles.nydailynews.com/2012-07-18/news/32734415_1_versailles-documentary-timeshare-tycoon&gt;.\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li> Used Ortiz’s story for my paragraph discussing how people today precieve the Palace.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nTasker, Shane. “Taj Mahal: Monument To Love.” <em>World &amp; 1</em> 23.1 (2008): 8. <em>MAS Ultra- School Edition</em>. Web. 8 oct. 2012.\r\n\r\n\"The Palace of Versailles and its gardens.\" . Art History at Irvine Valley College. Web. 15 Oct 2012.\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>I used this for my whole paragraph comparing Versailles to the Taj Mahal.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\"Versailles, Treaty Of.\" <em>Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6Th Edition</em> (2011): 1. <em>MAS Ultra - School Edition</em>. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>I used this encyclopedia source to get the dates of the Treaties that were signed at Versailles.</li>\r\n</ul>','The Palace of Versailles in Versailles, France','','inherit','open','open','','2691-revision-7','','','2012-10-15 14:40:48','2012-10-15 20:40:48','',2691,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2742',0,'revision','',0),(2743,67,'2012-10-15 19:48:57','2012-10-16 01:48:57','&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/a-pope2.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-2750 aligncenter\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/a-pope2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"247\" height=\"320\" /></a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"> http://static.lulu.com/browse/product_thumbnail.php?productId=20340176&amp;resolution=320</p>\r\nAn Essay on Man is a philosophical essay written in heroic couplets by Alexander Pope, and published in pieces between 1732 and 1734. Pope intended for this poem to be a centerpiece of a proposed system of ethics to be put forth in poetic form, because of death, he was not able to complete it (Shareif 19). This literary work describes the order of the universe in terms of pecking order. Because humans have the ability to reason, we are placed above plants and animals on earths’ chain of command. The style of the poem expresses a ratifying action of faith based on there always being a silent form of calmness within a sea of chaos. This essay should be preserved because Alexander Pope means to express that man’s desires for wealth, power, and possessions equates to nothing when compared to the grand scheme of things.<!--more-->\r\n\r\nPope’s essay is divided into four epistles. The first epistle, <em>\"Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to the Universe\"</em> states that with mans limited perception of the world, one cannot know God’s divine plan (Finkelstein). The first epistle is an accumulation of Popes thoughts about God and human kind. It states that it is impossible for the humans to know what is to be, basically, humans should live in the present and not try to foretell the future and try to learn not to question the order of things and to accept the world as it is (Finkelstein). Epistle two <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man with Respect to Himself, as an Individual” </em>states that man’s presence in this realm of reality is exactly as it should be (Finkelstein). Pope is saying that man is doing what he is supposed to be doing: creating, discovering, inventing, etc. Perhaps Pope is trying to display his enjoyment on man’s role in the universe.  Epistle three <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to Society” </em>shows that man’s desire to improve himself helps society as a whole.  The last epistle, epistle four, <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to Happiness” </em>Dr. Finkelstein believes that Pope<em> </em>expresses his thoughts that “God has a balanced plan for the universe and by recreating that balance within himself, man can be happy.”\r\n\r\nAn enormous emphasis was placed on the ability to think and reason during the 18<sup>th</sup> century, which was also known as the Enlightenment or the Great Awakening. Charles II took the throne in 1658 after Oliver Cromwell died; he was welcomed by the majority of citizens. Charles then, started erasing all influences of Puritanism to bring back Roman Catholicism to England (Great-Awakening). As this revival of spirituality was ushered in, people were allowed to express their emotions and have a better connection with God. Whilst some were reveling in their new found connection with God, others started rebelling and started migrating to the New Light Camp. At the New Light Camp, the “New Lights” were taught a kind of anti-intellectualism and started going against the church and their teachings (Great-Awakening). Many people wondered about God and what their role in the universe was which led them to question the church. Alexander Pope’s thoughts in <em>Essay on Man </em>encompass three major concerns of the people during the Enlightenment. Pope addresses man\'s ability to reason and think for himself, he questions the church and the nature of Christianity, and he also speculates about man\'s place in the world (Essortment).\r\n\r\nPope’s thoughts in <em>Essay on Man</em> where very much similar and dissimilar to the thoughts of John Milton’s in his essay <em>Paradise Lost</em>. Pope’s work embodies a very deistic philosophy while Milton’s typifies the fearless dynamic and spirit of Christianity (Aldridge). The two scribblers’ different thoughts on God are shown throughout the two essays as well. In Pope’s essay, when he speaks of God he is merely speaking of the order of the universe. He examines good and evil to prove that the moral principle behind the universe is compassionate and kind. When Milton speaks of God, he is speaking of a more spiritual meaning, a way that insinuates at more mystical and ethereal forces as well as objective observation of the moral order (Aldridge). Pope’s God is a much unimpassioned force; he is not concerned with individuals in the world, but acts through ubiquitous laws. Milton, however, pays homage to God by proclaiming him to be the supreme overlord of all. Milton believes God is a real person and is takes interest in mankind (Aldridge).\r\n\r\n<em>Essay on Man </em>and <em>Paradise Lost </em>have a similar object, Milton’s poem is intended to “justify the ways of God to men,” and Pope’s is designed to “vindicate the ways of God to man.” Pope and Milton both agree that man should not seek knowledge beyond his comprehension.  Milton agrees wholeheartedly with Pope that it is foolish and unwise to seek information about other worlds and planets. Milton and Pope, in order to justify the ways of God, had the same beliefs on this question: How can a just and benevolent God permit so much suffering and misery in the world? (Aldridge) They both believed in evil and spoke of it in their works. Although both thoughts of evil are different, it still comes down to them both believing in evil. Pope maintains the belief that moral evil does not exist and that natural evil, such as: earthquakes, famine, etc., partial evil is really universal good. Instead of denying evil in the world, Milton affirms it. Milton believes that Satan, like God, is a spiritual force that is interfering with mankind (Aldridge).\r\n\r\nPope’s <em>Essay on Man</em> was held in high regard from notable figures such as Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Immanuel Kant and met with international acclaim upon publication in 1734 (eNotes). However, “Essay on Man” soon gave way to controversy by pulpitarians and metaphysicians who noted challenges and threats in the poem’s themes to their respective government. These critics determined that its values were essentially poetic and not philosophical by any means. Within fifty years of its publication, the prevailing critical opinion of the poem mirrored that of Samuel Johnson, who noted, “Never were penury of knowledge and vulgarity of sentiment so happily disguised” (eNotes). Even though Pope’s poem is perceived as being fundamentally flawed, both aesthetically and philosophically, critics would like to retrieve this piece from the dustbin of literary history and reevaluate the poem’s ideas to see where Pope derived his theodicy from the various philosophical and theological positions held by his intellectual peers (eNotes). I account for the differences of perception of Pope’s work in his time and now by realizing that the <em>Essay on Man</em> was commonplace in the 18<sup>th</sup> century thus making it perceived with less enthusiasm than it is now.\r\n\r\nI would like to withdraw my proposal for this literary piece to be saved for future generations. I believe that there are other literature works falling under the same category and time period that have more of an impact than <em>Essay on Man </em>does.  What I got from this reading was a diffused feeling of benightedness, I know something was said, I just wasn’t getting it. Also, I do not have the same opinion as Pope when it comes to religion; I like Milton’s theory more. Furthermore, while I see Pope’s thoughts of man being limited and fixed, I believe in the progressive development of man. I just don’t agree with most things Alexander Pope wrote in <em>Essay on Man</em>.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Works Cited:</span>\r\n\r\n\"An Essay on Man, Alexander Pope - Introduction.\" Literary Criticism (1400-1800). Ed. Thomas J.Schoenberg. Vol. 64. Gale Cengage, 2001. eNotes.com. 15 Oct, 2012\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">http://www.enotes.com/an-essay-man-criticism/an-essay-man-alexander-pope/introduction</span>\r\n\r\nThis is a website I found that helped me with the figure out what the reception of <em>Essay of Man </em>was then and is now.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDr. Finkelstein, H.M, “Alexander Pope: An Essay on Man.”  1999 - 2010. Web.  12 April 2010\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">http://www.new-wisdom.org/cultural_history2/4-neo-classicism/pope.htm</span>\r\n\r\nThis website helped me sort out the individual epistles.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAldridge, Alfred. \" Milton’s and Pope’s Conception of God and Man.\" <em>Bibliotheca Sacra</em>. 096.384 (1939): 445-458. Print.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">https://www.galaxie.com/article/3430</span>\r\n\r\nThis journal entry, on the web, helped me find comparisons between Milton and Pope’s work.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Alexander Pope And His Essay On Man.\" <em>Essortment</em>. N.p., 2011. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">http://www.essortment.com/alexander-pope-his-essay-man-61315.html</span>\r\n\r\nI found a little bit of info. I could use to add to the religious happenings in the 18<sup>th</sup> century paragraph.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Analysis and Information on the First Great Awakening.\" <em>Great-Awakening.com</em>. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">http://www.great-awakening.com</span>\r\n\r\nI found info. about what has happening religiously in the 18<sup>th</sup> century.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"From Metaphysical to Pre-Romantic Poetry.\" Free forum : Dalal Al Shareif. Page 19. Dalal Al Shareif, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">http://uqu.edu.sa/files2/tiny_mce/plugins/filemanager/files/4281259/143333.pdf</span>\r\n\r\nI used this website to help me find out when <em>Essay on Man</em> was written.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Alexander Pope\'s \"Essay On Man\"','','publish','open','open','','alexander-popes-essay-on-man','','','2012-10-16 08:51:25','2012-10-16 14:51:25','',0,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2743',0,'post','',9),(2744,67,'2012-10-15 18:56:38','2012-10-16 00:56:38','','Auto Draft','','inherit','open','open','','2743-revision','','','2012-10-15 18:56:38','2012-10-16 00:56:38','',2743,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2744',0,'revision','',0),(2745,67,'2012-10-15 20:49:58','2012-10-16 02:49:58','&nbsp;\n\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/a-pope2.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-2750 aligncenter\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/a-pope2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"247\" height=\"320\" /></a>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"> http://static.lulu.com/browse/product_thumbnail.php?productId=20340176&amp;resolution=320</p>\nAn Essay on Man is a philosophical essay written in heroic couplets by Alexander Pope, and published in pieces between 1732 and 1734. Pope intended for this poem to be a centerpiece of a proposed system of ethics to be put forth in poetic form, because of death, he was not able to complete it (Shareif 19). This literary work describes the order of the universe in terms of pecking order. Because humans have the ability to reason, we are placed above plants and animals on earths’ chain of command. The style of the poem expresses a ratifying action of faith based on there always being a silent form of calmness within a sea of chaos. This essay should be preserved because Alexander Pope means to express that man’s desires for wealth, power, and possessions equates to nothing when compared to the grand scheme of things.<!--more-->\n\nPope’s essay is divided into four epistles. The first epistle, <em>\"Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to the Universe\"</em> states that with mans limited perception of the world, one cannot know God’s divine plan (Finkelstein). The first epistle is an accumulation of Popes thoughts about God and human kind. It states that it is impossible for the humans to know what is to be, basically, humans should live in the present and not try to foretell the future and try to learn not to question the order of things and to accept the world as it is (Finkelstein). Epistle two <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man with Respect to Himself, as an Individual” </em>states that man’s presence in this realm of reality is exactly as it should be (Finkelstein). Pope is saying that man is doing what he is supposed to be doing: creating, discovering, inventing, etc. Perhaps Pope is trying to display his enjoyment on man’s role in the universe.  Epistle three <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to Society” </em>shows that man’s desire to improve himself helps society as a whole.  The last epistle, epistle four, <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to Happiness” </em>Dr. Finkelstein believes that Pope<em> </em>expresses his thoughts that “God has a balanced plan for the universe and by recreating that balance within himself, man can be happy.”\n\nAn enormous emphasis was placed on the ability to think and reason during the 18<sup>th</sup> century, which was also known as the Enlightenment or the Great Awakening. Charles II took the throne in 1658 after Oliver Cromwell died; he was welcomed by the majority of citizens. Charles then, started erasing all influences of Puritanism to bring back Roman Catholicism to England (Great-Awakening). As this revival of spirituality was ushered in, people were allowed to express their emotions and have a better connection with God. Whilst some were reveling in their new found connection with God, others started rebelling and started migrating to the New Light Camp. At the New Light Camp, the “New Lights” were taught a kind of anti-intellectualism and started going against the church and their teachings (Great-Awakening). Many people wondered about God and what their role in the universe was which led them to question the church. Alexander Pope’s thoughts in <em>Essay on Man </em>encompass three major concerns of the people during the Enlightenment. Pope addresses man\'s ability to reason and think for himself, he questions the church and the nature of Christianity, and he also speculates about man\'s place in the world (Essortment).\n\nPope’s thoughts in <em>Essay on Man</em> where very much similar and dissimilar to the thoughts of John Milton’s in his essay <em>Paradise Lost</em>. Pope’s work embodies a very deistic philosophy while Milton’s typifies the fearless dynamic and spirit of Christianity (Aldridge). The two scribblers’ different thoughts on God are shown throughout the two essays as well. In Pope’s essay, when he speaks of God he is merely speaking of the order of the universe. He examines good and evil to prove that the moral principle behind the universe is compassionate and kind. When Milton speaks of God, he is speaking of a more spiritual meaning, a way that insinuates at more mystical and ethereal forces as well as objective observation of the moral order (Aldridge). Pope’s God is a much unimpassioned force; he is not concerned with individuals in the world, but acts through ubiquitous laws. Milton, however, pays homage to God by proclaiming him to be the supreme overlord of all. Milton believes God is a real person and is takes interest in mankind (Aldridge).\n\n<em>Essay on Man </em>and <em>Paradise Lost </em>have a similar object, Milton’s poem is intended to “justify the ways of God to men,” and Pope’s is designed to “vindicate the ways of God to man.” Pope and Milton both agree that man should not seek knowledge beyond his comprehension.  Milton agrees wholeheartedly with Pope that it is foolish and unwise to seek information about other worlds and planets. Milton and Pope, in order to justify the ways of God, had the same beliefs on this question: How can a just and benevolent God permit so much suffering and misery in the world? (Aldridge) They both believed in evil and spoke of it in their works. Although both thoughts of evil are different, it still comes down to them both believing in evil. Pope maintains the belief that moral evil does not exist and that natural evil, such as: earthquakes, famine, etc., partial evil is really universal good. Instead of denying evil in the world, Milton affirms it. Milton believes that Satan, like God, is a spiritual force that is interfering with mankind (Aldridge).\n\nPope’s <em>Essay on Man</em> was held in high regard from notable figures such as Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Immanuel Kant and met with international acclaim upon publication in 1734 (eNotes). However, “Essay on Man” soon gave way to controversy by pulpitarians and metaphysicians who noted challenges and threats in the poem’s themes to their respective government. These critics determined that its values were essentially poetic and not philosophical by any means. Within fifty years of its publication, the prevailing critical opinion of the poem mirrored that of Samuel Johnson, who noted, “Never were penury of knowledge and vulgarity of sentiment so happily disguised” (eNotes). Even though Pope’s poem is perceived as being fundamentally flawed, both aesthetically and philosophically, critics would like to retrieve this piece from the dustbin of literary history and reevaluate the poem’s ideas to see where Pope derived his theodicy from the various philosophical and theological positions held by his intellectual peers (eNotes). I account for the differences of perception of Pope’s work in his time and now by realizing that the <em>Essay on Man</em> was commonplace in the 18<sup>th</sup> century thus making it perceived with less enthusiasm than it is now.\n\nI would like to withdraw my proposal for this literary piece to be saved for future generations. I believe that there are other literature works falling under the same category and time period that have more of an impact than <em>Essay on Man </em>does.  What I got from this reading was a diffused feeling of benightedness, I know something was said, I just wasn’t getting it. Also, I do not have the same opinion as Pope when it comes to religion; I like Milton’s theory more. Furthermore, while I see Pope’s thoughts of man being limited and fixed, I believe in the progressive development of man. I just don’t agree with most things Alexander Pope wrote in <em>Essay on Man</em>.\n\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Works Cited:</span>\n\n\"An Essay on Man, Alexander Pope - Introduction.\" Literary Criticism (1400-1800). Ed. Thomas J.Schoenberg. Vol. 64. Gale Cengage, 2001. eNotes.com. 15 Oct, 2012\n\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.enotes.com/an-essay-man-criticism/an-essay-man-alexander-pope/introduction</span>\n\nThis is a website I found that helped me with the figure out what the reception of <em>Essay of Man </em>was then and is now.\n\n&nbsp;\n\nDr. Finkelstein, H.M, “Alexander Pope: An Essay on Man.”  1999 - 2010. Web.  12 April 2010\n\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.new-wisdom.org/cultural_history2/4-neo-classicism/pope.htm</span>\n\nThis website helped me sort out the individual epistles.\n\n&nbsp;\n\nAldridge, Alfred. \" Milton’s and Pope’s Conception of God and Man.\" <em>Bibliotheca Sacra</em>. 096.384 (1939): 445-458. Print.\n\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">https://www.galaxie.com/article/3430</span>\n\nThis journal entry, on the web, helped me find comparisons between Milton and Pope’s work.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n\"Alexander Pope And His Essay On Man.\" <em>Essortment</em>. N.p., 2011. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\n\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.essortment.com/alexander-pope-his-essay-man-61315.html</span>\n\nI found a little bit of info. I could use to add to the religious happenings in the 18<sup>th</sup> century paragraph.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n\"Analysis and Information on the First Great Awakening.\" <em>Great-Awakening.com</em>. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\n\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.great-awakening.com</span>\n\nI found info. about what has happening religiously in the 18<sup>th</sup> century.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n\"From Metaphysical to Pre-Romantic Poetry.\" Free forum : Dalal Al Shareif. Page 19. Dalal Al Shareif, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\n\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://uqu.edu.sa/files2/tiny_mce/plugins/filemanager/files/4281259/143333.pdf</span>\n\nI used this website to help me find out when <em>Essay on Man</em> was written.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;','Alexander Pope\'s \"Essay On Man\"','','inherit','open','open','','2743-autosave','','','2012-10-15 20:49:58','2012-10-16 02:49:58','',2743,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2745',0,'revision','',0),(2749,67,'2012-10-15 20:02:57','2012-10-16 02:02:57','<p align=\"center\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/a-pope1.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2747\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/a-pope1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"247\" height=\"320\" /></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">http://static.lulu.com/browse/product_thumbnail.php?productId=20340176&amp;resolution=320</p>\r\nAn Essay on Man is a philosophical essay written in heroic couplets by Alexander Pope, and published in pieces between 1732 and 1734. Pope intended for this poem to be a centerpiece of a proposed system of ethics to be put forth in poetic form, because of death, he was not able to complete it (Shareif). This literary work describes the order of the universe in terms of pecking order. Because humans have the ability to reason, we are placed above plants and animals on earths’ chain of command. The style of the poem expresses a ratifying action of faith based on there always being a silent form of calmness within a sea of chaos. Alexander Pope also means to express that man’s desires for wealth, power, and possessions equates to nothing when compared to the grand scheme of things.<!--more-->\r\n\r\nPope’s essay is divided into four epistles. The first epistle, <em>\"Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to the Universe\"</em> states that with mans limited perception of the world, one cannot know God’s divine plan (Finkelstein). The first epistle is an accumulation of Popes thoughts about God and human kind. It states that it is impossible for the humans to know what is to be, basically, humans should live in the present and not try to foretell the future and try to learn not to question the order of things and to accept the world as it is (Finkelstein). Epistle two <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man with Respect to Himself, as an Individual” </em>states that man’s presence in this realm of reality is exactly as it should be (Finkelstein). Pope is saying that man is doing what he is supposed to be doing: creating, discovering, inventing, etc. Perhaps Pope is trying to display his enjoyment on man’s role in the universe.  Epistle three <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to Society” </em>shows that man’s desire to improve himself helps society as a whole.  The last epistle, epistle four, <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to Happiness” </em>Dr. Finkelstein believes that Pope<em> </em>expresses his thoughts that “God has a balanced plan for the universe and by recreating that balance within himself, man can be happy.”\r\n\r\nAn enormous emphasis was placed on the ability to think and reason during the 18<sup>th</sup> century, which was also known as the Enlightenment or the Great Awakening. Charles II took the throne in 1658 after Oliver Cromwell died; he was welcomed by the majority of citizens. Charles then, started erasing all influences of Puritanism to bring back Roman Catholicism to England (Great-Awakening). As this revival of spirituality was ushered in, people were allowed to express their emotions and have a better connection with God. Whilst some were reveling in their new found connection with God, others started rebelling and started migrating to the New Light Camp. At the New Light Camp, the “New Lights” were taught a kind of anti-intellectualism and started going against the church and their teachings (Great-Awakening). Many people wondered about God and what their role in the universe was which led them to question the church. Alexander Pope’s thoughts in <em>Essay on Man </em>encompass three major concerns of the people during the Enlightenment. Pope addresses man\'s ability to reason and think for himself, he questions the church and the nature of Christianity, and he also speculates about man\'s place in the world (Essortment).\r\n\r\nPope’s thoughts in <em>Essay on Man</em> where very much similar and dissimilar to the thoughts of John Milton’s in his essay <em>Paradise Lost</em>. Pope’s work embodies a very deistic philosophy while Milton’s typifies the fearless dynamic and spirit of Christianity (Aldridge). The two scribblers’ different thoughts on God are shown throughout the two essays as well. In Pope’s essay, when he speaks of God he is merely speaking of the order of the universe. He examines good and evil to prove that the moral principle behind the universe is compassionate and kind. When Milton speaks of God, he is speaking of a more spiritual meaning, a way that insinuates at more mystical and ethereal forces as well as objective observation of the moral order (Aldridge). Pope’s God is a much unimpassioned force; he is not concerned with individuals in the world, but acts through ubiquitous laws. Milton, however, pays homage to God by proclaiming him to be the supreme overlord of all. Milton believes God is a real person and is takes interest in mankind (Aldridge).\r\n\r\n<em>Essay on Man </em>and <em>Paradise Lost </em>have a similar object, Milton’s poem is intended to “justify the ways of God to men,” and Pope’s is designed to “vindicate the ways of God to man.” Pope and Milton both agree that man should not seek knowledge beyond his comprehension.  Milton agrees wholeheartedly with Pope that it is foolish and unwise to seek information about other worlds and planets. Milton and Pope, in order to justify the ways of God, had the same beliefs on this question: How can a just and benevolent God permit so much suffering and misery in the world?  They both believed in evil and spoke of it in their works. Although both thoughts of evil are different, it still comes down to them both believing in evil. Pope maintains the belief that moral evil does not exist and that natural evil, such as: earthquakes, famine, etc., partial evil is really universal good. Instead of denying evil in the world, Milton affirms it. Milton believes that Satan, like God, is a spiritual force that is interfering with mankind (Aldridge).\r\n\r\nPope’s <em>Essay on Man</em> was held in high regard from notable figures such as Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Immanuel Kant and met with international acclaim upon publication in 1734. However, “Essay on Man” soon gave way to controversy by pulpitarians and metaphysicians who noted challenges and threats in the poem’s themes to their respective government. These critics determined that its values were essentially poetic and not philosophical by any means. Within fifty years of its publication, the prevailing critical opinion of the poem mirrored that of Samuel Johnson, who noted, “Never were penury of knowledge and vulgarity of sentiment so happily disguised” (eNotes). Even though Pope’s poem is perceived as being fundamentally flawed, both aesthetically and philosophically, critics would like to retrieve this piece from the dustbin of literary history and reevaluate the poem’s ideas to see where Pope derived his theodicy from the various philosophical and theological positions held by his intellectual peers (eNotes). I account for the differences of perception of Pope’s work in his time and now by realizing that the <em>Essay on Man</em> was commonplace in the 18<sup>th</sup> century thus making it perceived with less enthusiasm than it is now.\r\n\r\nI would like to withdraw my proposal for this literary piece to be saved for future generations. I believe that there are other literature works falling under the same category and time period that have more of an impact than <em>Essay on Man </em>does.  What I got from this reading was a diffused feeling of benightedness, I know something was said, I just wasn’t getting it. Also, I do not have the same opinion as Pope when it comes to religion; I like Milton’s theory more. Furthermore, while I see Pope’s thoughts of man being limited and fixed, I believe in the progressive development of man. I just don’t agree with most things Alexander Pope wrote in <em>Essay on Man</em>.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Works Cited:</span>\r\n\r\n\"An Essay on Man, Alexander Pope - Introduction.\" Literary Criticism (1400-1800). Ed. Thomas J.\r\n\r\nSchoenberg. Vol. 64. Gale Cengage, 2001. eNotes.com. 15 Oct, 2012\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.enotes.com/an-essay-man-criticism/an-essay-man-alexander-pope/introduction</span>\r\n\r\nThis is a website I found that helped me with the figure out what the reception of <em>Essay of Man </em>was then and is now.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDr. Finkelstein, H.M, “Alexander Pope: An Essay on Man.”  1999 - 2010. Web.  12 April 2010\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.new-wisdom.org/cultural_history2/4-neo-classicism/pope.htm</span>\r\n\r\nThis website helped me sort out the individual epistles.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAldridge, Alfred. \" Milton’s and Pope’s Conception of God and Man.\" <em>Bibliotheca Sacra</em>. 096.384 (1939): 445-458. Print. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">https://www.galaxie.com/article/3430</span>\r\n\r\nThis journal entry, on the web, helped me find comparisons between Milton and Pope’s work.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Alexander Pope And His Essay On Man.\" <em>Essortment</em>. N.p., 2011. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.                 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.essortment.com/alexander-pope-his-essay-man-61315.html</span>\r\n\r\nI found a little bit of info. I could use to add to the religious happenings in the 18<sup>th</sup> century paragraph.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Analysis and Information on the First Great Awakening.\" <em>Great-Awakening.com</em>. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.         <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.great-awakening.com</span>\r\n\r\nI found info. about what has happening religiously in the 18<sup>th</sup> century.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"From Metaphysical to Pre-Romantic Poetry.\" Free forum : Dalal Al Shareif. Page 19. Dalal Al Shareif, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.  <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://uqu.edu.sa/files2/tiny_mce/plugins/filemanager/files/4281259/143333.pdf</span>\r\n\r\nI used this website to help me find out when <em>Essay on Man</em> was written.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Alexander Pope\'s \"Essay On Man\"','','inherit','open','open','','2743-revision-3','','','2012-10-15 20:02:57','2012-10-16 02:02:57','',2743,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2749',0,'revision','',0),(2746,67,'2012-10-15 19:54:04','2012-10-16 01:54:04','','Essay on Man','','inherit','open','open','','a-pope','','','2012-10-15 19:54:04','2012-10-16 01:54:04','',2743,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/a-pope.jpg',0,'attachment','image/jpeg',0),(2747,67,'2012-10-15 19:56:00','2012-10-16 01:56:00','','a pope','','inherit','open','open','','a-pope-2','','','2012-10-15 19:56:00','2012-10-16 01:56:00','',2743,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/a-pope1.jpg',0,'attachment','image/jpeg',0),(2748,67,'2012-10-15 19:48:57','2012-10-16 01:48:57','<p align=\"center\">Essay on Man</p>\r\nAn Essay on Man is a philosophical essay written in heroic couplets by Alexander Pope, and published in pieces between 1732 and 1734. Pope intended for this poem to be a centerpiece of a proposed system of ethics to be put forth in poetic form, because of death, he was not able to complete it (Shareif). This literary work describes the order of the universe in terms of pecking order. Because humans have the ability to reason, we are placed above plants and animals on earths’ chain of command. The style of the poem expresses a ratifying action of faith based on there always being a silent form of calmness within a sea of chaos. Alexander Pope also means to express that man’s desires for wealth, power, and possessions equates to nothing when compared to the grand scheme of things.<!--more-->\r\n\r\nPope’s essay is divided into four epistles. The first epistle, <em>\"Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to the Universe\"</em> states that with mans limited perception of the world, one cannot know God’s divine plan (Finkelstein). The first epistle is an accumulation of Popes thoughts about God and human kind. It states that it is impossible for the humans to know what is to be, basically, humans should live in the present and not try to foretell the future and try to learn not to question the order of things and to accept the world as it is (Finkelstein). Epistle two <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man with Respect to Himself, as an Individual” </em>states that man’s presence in this realm of reality is exactly as it should be (Finkelstein). Pope is saying that man is doing what he is supposed to be doing: creating, discovering, inventing, etc. Perhaps Pope is trying to display his enjoyment on man’s role in the universe.  Epistle three <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to Society” </em>shows that man’s desire to improve himself helps society as a whole.  The last epistle, epistle four, <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to Happiness” </em>Dr. Finkelstein believes that Pope<em> </em>expresses his thoughts that “God has a balanced plan for the universe and by recreating that balance within himself, man can be happy.”\r\n\r\nAn enormous emphasis was placed on the ability to think and reason during the 18<sup>th</sup> century, which was also known as the Enlightenment or the Great Awakening. Charles II took the throne in 1658 after Oliver Cromwell died; he was welcomed by the majority of citizens. Charles then, started erasing all influences of Puritanism to bring back Roman Catholicism to England (Great-Awakening). As this revival of spirituality was ushered in, people were allowed to express their emotions and have a better connection with God. Whilst some were reveling in their new found connection with God, others started rebelling and started migrating to the New Light Camp. At the New Light Camp, the “New Lights” were taught a kind of anti-intellectualism and started going against the church and their teachings (Great-Awakening). Many people wondered about God and what their role in the universe was which led them to question the church. Alexander Pope’s thoughts in <em>Essay on Man </em>encompass three major concerns of the people during the Enlightenment. Pope addresses man\'s ability to reason and think for himself, he questions the church and the nature of Christianity, and he also speculates about man\'s place in the world (Essortment).\r\n\r\nPope’s thoughts in <em>Essay on Man</em> where very much similar and dissimilar to the thoughts of John Milton’s in his essay <em>Paradise Lost</em>. Pope’s work embodies a very deistic philosophy while Milton’s typifies the fearless dynamic and spirit of Christianity (Aldridge). The two scribblers’ different thoughts on God are shown throughout the two essays as well. In Pope’s essay, when he speaks of God he is merely speaking of the order of the universe. He examines good and evil to prove that the moral principle behind the universe is compassionate and kind. When Milton speaks of God, he is speaking of a more spiritual meaning, a way that insinuates at more mystical and ethereal forces as well as objective observation of the moral order (Aldridge). Pope’s God is a much unimpassioned force; he is not concerned with individuals in the world, but acts through ubiquitous laws. Milton, however, pays homage to God by proclaiming him to be the supreme overlord of all. Milton believes God is a real person and is takes interest in mankind (Aldridge).\r\n\r\n<em>Essay on Man </em>and <em>Paradise Lost </em>have a similar object, Milton’s poem is intended to “justify the ways of God to men,” and Pope’s is designed to “vindicate the ways of God to man.” Pope and Milton both agree that man should not seek knowledge beyond his comprehension.  Milton agrees wholeheartedly with Pope that it is foolish and unwise to seek information about other worlds and planets. Milton and Pope, in order to justify the ways of God, had the same beliefs on this question: How can a just and benevolent God permit so much suffering and misery in the world?  They both believed in evil and spoke of it in their works. Although both thoughts of evil are different, it still comes down to them both believing in evil. Pope maintains the belief that moral evil does not exist and that natural evil, such as: earthquakes, famine, etc., partial evil is really universal good. Instead of denying evil in the world, Milton affirms it. Milton believes that Satan, like God, is a spiritual force that is interfering with mankind (Aldridge).\r\n\r\nPope’s <em>Essay on Man</em> was held in high regard from notable figures such as Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Immanuel Kant and met with international acclaim upon publication in 1734. However, “Essay on Man” soon gave way to controversy by pulpitarians and metaphysicians who noted challenges and threats in the poem’s themes to their respective government. These critics determined that its values were essentially poetic and not philosophical by any means. Within fifty years of its publication, the prevailing critical opinion of the poem mirrored that of Samuel Johnson, who noted, “Never were penury of knowledge and vulgarity of sentiment so happily disguised” (eNotes). Even though Pope’s poem is perceived as being fundamentally flawed, both aesthetically and philosophically, critics would like to retrieve this piece from the dustbin of literary history and reevaluate the poem’s ideas to see where Pope derived his theodicy from the various philosophical and theological positions held by his intellectual peers (eNotes). I account for the differences of perception of Pope’s work in his time and now by realizing that the <em>Essay on Man</em> was commonplace in the 18<sup>th</sup> century thus making it perceived with less enthusiasm than it is now.\r\n\r\nI would like to withdraw my proposal for this literary piece to be saved for future generations. I believe that there are other literature works falling under the same category and time period that have more of an impact than <em>Essay on Man </em>does.  What I got from this reading was a diffused feeling of benightedness, I know something was said, I just wasn’t getting it. Also, I do not have the same opinion as Pope when it comes to religion; I like Milton’s theory more. Furthermore, while I see Pope’s thoughts of man being limited and fixed, I believe in the progressive development of man. I just don’t agree with most things Alexander Pope wrote in <em>Essay on Man</em>.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Works Cited:</span>\r\n\r\n\"An Essay on Man, Alexander Pope - Introduction.\" Literary Criticism (1400-1800). Ed. Thomas J.\r\n\r\nSchoenberg. Vol. 64. Gale Cengage, 2001. eNotes.com. 15 Oct, 2012\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.enotes.com/an-essay-man-criticism/an-essay-man-alexander-pope/introduction</span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThis is a website I found that helped me with the figure out what the reception of <em>Essay of Man </em>was then and is now.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDr. Finkelstein, H.M, “Alexander Pope: An Essay on Man.”  1999 - 2010. Web.  12 April 2010\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.new-wisdom.org/cultural_history2/4-neo-classicism/pope.htm</span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThis website helped me sort out the individual epistles.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAldridge, Alfred. \" Milton’s and Pope’s Conception of God and Man.\" <em>Bibliotheca Sacra</em>. 096.384 (1939): 445-458. Print. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">https://www.galaxie.com/article/3430</span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThis journal entry, on the web, helped me find comparisons between Milton and Pope’s work.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Alexander Pope And His Essay On Man.\" <em>Essortment</em>. N.p., 2011. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.essortment.com/alexander-pope-his-essay-man-61315.html</span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nI found a little bit of info. I could use to add to the religious happenings in the 18<sup>th</sup> century paragraph.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Analysis and Information on the First Great Awakening.\" <em>Great-Awakening.com</em>. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.                                                                                                                           <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.great-awakening.com</span>\r\n\r\nI found info. about what has happening religiously in the 18<sup>th</sup> century.\r\n\r\n\"From Metaphysical to Pre-Romantic Poetry.\" Free forum : Dalal Al Shareif. Page 19. Dalal Al Shareif, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.  <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://uqu.edu.sa/files2/tiny_mce/plugins/filemanager/files/4281259/143333.pdf</span>\r\n\r\nI used this website to help me find out when <em>Essay on Man</em> was written.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Alexander Pope\'s \"Essay On Man\"','','inherit','open','open','','2743-revision-2','','','2012-10-15 19:48:57','2012-10-16 01:48:57','',2743,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2748',0,'revision','',0),(2750,67,'2012-10-15 20:16:10','2012-10-16 02:16:10','','a pope','','inherit','open','open','','a-pope-3','','','2012-10-15 20:16:10','2012-10-16 02:16:10','',2743,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/a-pope2.jpg',0,'attachment','image/jpeg',0),(2751,67,'2012-10-15 20:15:36','2012-10-16 02:15:36','<p align=\"center\"></p>\r\nAn Essay on Man is a philosophical essay written in heroic couplets by Alexander Pope, and published in pieces between 1732 and 1734. Pope intended for this poem to be a centerpiece of a proposed system of ethics to be put forth in poetic form, because of death, he was not able to complete it (Shareif). This literary work describes the order of the universe in terms of pecking order. Because humans have the ability to reason, we are placed above plants and animals on earths’ chain of command. The style of the poem expresses a ratifying action of faith based on there always being a silent form of calmness within a sea of chaos. Alexander Pope also means to express that man’s desires for wealth, power, and possessions equates to nothing when compared to the grand scheme of things.<!--more--> Pope’s essay is divided into four epistles. The first epistle, <em>\"Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to the Universe\"</em> states that with mans limited perception of the world, one cannot know God’s divine plan (Finkelstein). The first epistle is an accumulation of Popes thoughts about God and human kind. It states that it is impossible for the humans to know what is to be, basically, humans should live in the present and not try to foretell the future and try to learn not to question the order of things and to accept the world as it is (Finkelstein). Epistle two <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man with Respect to Himself, as an Individual” </em>states that man’s presence in this realm of reality is exactly as it should be (Finkelstein). Pope is saying that man is doing what he is supposed to be doing: creating, discovering, inventing, etc. Perhaps Pope is trying to display his enjoyment on man’s role in the universe.  Epistle three <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to Society” </em>shows that man’s desire to improve himself helps society as a whole.  The last epistle, epistle four, <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to Happiness” </em>Dr. Finkelstein believes that Pope<em> </em>expresses his thoughts that “God has a balanced plan for the universe and by recreating that balance within himself, man can be happy.” An enormous emphasis was placed on the ability to think and reason during the 18<sup>th</sup> century, which was also known as the Enlightenment or the Great Awakening. Charles II took the throne in 1658 after Oliver Cromwell died; he was welcomed by the majority of citizens. Charles then, started erasing all influences of Puritanism to bring back Roman Catholicism to England (Great-Awakening). As this revival of spirituality was ushered in, people were allowed to express their emotions and have a better connection with God. Whilst some were reveling in their new found connection with God, others started rebelling and started migrating to the New Light Camp. At the New Light Camp, the “New Lights” were taught a kind of anti-intellectualism and started going against the church and their teachings (Great-Awakening). Many people wondered about God and what their role in the universe was which led them to question the church. Alexander Pope’s thoughts in <em>Essay on Man </em>encompass three major concerns of the people during the Enlightenment. Pope addresses man\'s ability to reason and think for himself, he questions the church and the nature of Christianity, and he also speculates about man\'s place in the world (Essortment). Pope’s thoughts in <em>Essay on Man</em> where very much similar and dissimilar to the thoughts of John Milton’s in his essay <em>Paradise Lost</em>. Pope’s work embodies a very deistic philosophy while Milton’s typifies the fearless dynamic and spirit of Christianity (Aldridge). The two scribblers’ different thoughts on God are shown throughout the two essays as well. In Pope’s essay, when he speaks of God he is merely speaking of the order of the universe. He examines good and evil to prove that the moral principle behind the universe is compassionate and kind. When Milton speaks of God, he is speaking of a more spiritual meaning, a way that insinuates at more mystical and ethereal forces as well as objective observation of the moral order (Aldridge). Pope’s God is a much unimpassioned force; he is not concerned with individuals in the world, but acts through ubiquitous laws. Milton, however, pays homage to God by proclaiming him to be the supreme overlord of all. Milton believes God is a real person and is takes interest in mankind (Aldridge). <em>Essay on Man </em>and <em>Paradise Lost </em>have a similar object, Milton’s poem is intended to “justify the ways of God to men,” and Pope’s is designed to “vindicate the ways of God to man.” Pope and Milton both agree that man should not seek knowledge beyond his comprehension.  Milton agrees wholeheartedly with Pope that it is foolish and unwise to seek information about other worlds and planets. Milton and Pope, in order to justify the ways of God, had the same beliefs on this question: How can a just and benevolent God permit so much suffering and misery in the world?  They both believed in evil and spoke of it in their works. Although both thoughts of evil are different, it still comes down to them both believing in evil. Pope maintains the belief that moral evil does not exist and that natural evil, such as: earthquakes, famine, etc., partial evil is really universal good. Instead of denying evil in the world, Milton affirms it. Milton believes that Satan, like God, is a spiritual force that is interfering with mankind (Aldridge). Pope’s <em>Essay on Man</em> was held in high regard from notable figures such as Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Immanuel Kant and met with international acclaim upon publication in 1734. However, “Essay on Man” soon gave way to controversy by pulpitarians and metaphysicians who noted challenges and threats in the poem’s themes to their respective government. These critics determined that its values were essentially poetic and not philosophical by any means. Within fifty years of its publication, the prevailing critical opinion of the poem mirrored that of Samuel Johnson, who noted, “Never were penury of knowledge and vulgarity of sentiment so happily disguised” (eNotes). Even though Pope’s poem is perceived as being fundamentally flawed, both aesthetically and philosophically, critics would like to retrieve this piece from the dustbin of literary history and reevaluate the poem’s ideas to see where Pope derived his theodicy from the various philosophical and theological positions held by his intellectual peers (eNotes). I account for the differences of perception of Pope’s work in his time and now by realizing that the <em>Essay on Man</em> was commonplace in the 18<sup>th</sup> century thus making it perceived with less enthusiasm than it is now. I would like to withdraw my proposal for this literary piece to be saved for future generations. I believe that there are other literature works falling under the same category and time period that have more of an impact than <em>Essay on Man </em>does.  What I got from this reading was a diffused feeling of benightedness, I know something was said, I just wasn’t getting it. Also, I do not have the same opinion as Pope when it comes to religion; I like Milton’s theory more. Furthermore, while I see Pope’s thoughts of man being limited and fixed, I believe in the progressive development of man. I just don’t agree with most things Alexander Pope wrote in <em>Essay on Man</em>.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Works Cited:</span>\r\n\r\n\"An Essay on Man, Alexander Pope - Introduction.\" Literary Criticism (1400-1800). Ed. Thomas J.Schoenberg. Vol. 64. Gale Cengage, 2001. eNotes.com. 15 Oct, 2012\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.enotes.com/an-essay-man-criticism/an-essay-man-alexander-pope/introduction</span>\r\n\r\nThis is a website I found that helped me with the figure out what the reception of <em>Essay of Man </em>was then and is now.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDr. Finkelstein, H.M, “Alexander Pope: An Essay on Man.”  1999 - 2010. Web.  12 April 2010\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.new-wisdom.org/cultural_history2/4-neo-classicism/pope.htm</span>\r\n\r\nThis website helped me sort out the individual epistles.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAldridge, Alfred. \" Milton’s and Pope’s Conception of God and Man.\" <em>Bibliotheca Sacra</em>. 096.384 (1939): 445-458. Print.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">https://www.galaxie.com/article/3430</span>\r\n\r\nThis journal entry, on the web, helped me find comparisons between Milton and Pope’s work.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Alexander Pope And His Essay On Man.\" <em>Essortment</em>. N.p., 2011. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.essortment.com/alexander-pope-his-essay-man-61315.html</span>\r\n\r\nI found a little bit of info. I could use to add to the religious happenings in the 18<sup>th</sup> century paragraph.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Analysis and Information on the First Great Awakening.\" <em>Great-Awakening.com</em>. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.great-awakening.com</span>\r\n\r\nI found info. about what has happening religiously in the 18<sup>th</sup> century.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"From Metaphysical to Pre-Romantic Poetry.\" Free forum : Dalal Al Shareif. Page 19. Dalal Al Shareif, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://uqu.edu.sa/files2/tiny_mce/plugins/filemanager/files/4281259/143333.pdf</span>\r\n\r\nI used this website to help me find out when <em>Essay on Man</em> was written.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Alexander Pope\'s \"Essay On Man\"','','inherit','open','open','','2743-revision-4','','','2012-10-15 20:15:36','2012-10-16 02:15:36','',2743,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2751',0,'revision','',0),(2752,67,'2012-10-15 20:17:06','2012-10-16 02:17:06','&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/a-pope2.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-2750 aligncenter\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/a-pope2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"247\" height=\"320\" /></a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"> http://static.lulu.com/browse/product_thumbnail.php?productId=20340176&amp;resolution=320</p>\r\nAn Essay on Man is a philosophical essay written in heroic couplets by Alexander Pope, and published in pieces between 1732 and 1734. Pope intended for this poem to be a centerpiece of a proposed system of ethics to be put forth in poetic form, because of death, he was not able to complete it (Shareif). This literary work describes the order of the universe in terms of pecking order. Because humans have the ability to reason, we are placed above plants and animals on earths’ chain of command. The style of the poem expresses a ratifying action of faith based on there always being a silent form of calmness within a sea of chaos. Alexander Pope also means to express that man’s desires for wealth, power, and possessions equates to nothing when compared to the grand scheme of things.<!--more--> Pope’s essay is divided into four epistles. The first epistle, <em>\"Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to the Universe\"</em> states that with mans limited perception of the world, one cannot know God’s divine plan (Finkelstein). The first epistle is an accumulation of Popes thoughts about God and human kind. It states that it is impossible for the humans to know what is to be, basically, humans should live in the present and not try to foretell the future and try to learn not to question the order of things and to accept the world as it is (Finkelstein). Epistle two <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man with Respect to Himself, as an Individual” </em>states that man’s presence in this realm of reality is exactly as it should be (Finkelstein). Pope is saying that man is doing what he is supposed to be doing: creating, discovering, inventing, etc. Perhaps Pope is trying to display his enjoyment on man’s role in the universe.  Epistle three <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to Society” </em>shows that man’s desire to improve himself helps society as a whole.  The last epistle, epistle four, <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to Happiness” </em>Dr. Finkelstein believes that Pope<em> </em>expresses his thoughts that “God has a balanced plan for the universe and by recreating that balance within himself, man can be happy.” An enormous emphasis was placed on the ability to think and reason during the 18<sup>th</sup> century, which was also known as the Enlightenment or the Great Awakening. Charles II took the throne in 1658 after Oliver Cromwell died; he was welcomed by the majority of citizens. Charles then, started erasing all influences of Puritanism to bring back Roman Catholicism to England (Great-Awakening). As this revival of spirituality was ushered in, people were allowed to express their emotions and have a better connection with God. Whilst some were reveling in their new found connection with God, others started rebelling and started migrating to the New Light Camp. At the New Light Camp, the “New Lights” were taught a kind of anti-intellectualism and started going against the church and their teachings (Great-Awakening). Many people wondered about God and what their role in the universe was which led them to question the church. Alexander Pope’s thoughts in <em>Essay on Man </em>encompass three major concerns of the people during the Enlightenment. Pope addresses man\'s ability to reason and think for himself, he questions the church and the nature of Christianity, and he also speculates about man\'s place in the world (Essortment). Pope’s thoughts in <em>Essay on Man</em> where very much similar and dissimilar to the thoughts of John Milton’s in his essay <em>Paradise Lost</em>. Pope’s work embodies a very deistic philosophy while Milton’s typifies the fearless dynamic and spirit of Christianity (Aldridge). The two scribblers’ different thoughts on God are shown throughout the two essays as well. In Pope’s essay, when he speaks of God he is merely speaking of the order of the universe. He examines good and evil to prove that the moral principle behind the universe is compassionate and kind. When Milton speaks of God, he is speaking of a more spiritual meaning, a way that insinuates at more mystical and ethereal forces as well as objective observation of the moral order (Aldridge). Pope’s God is a much unimpassioned force; he is not concerned with individuals in the world, but acts through ubiquitous laws. Milton, however, pays homage to God by proclaiming him to be the supreme overlord of all. Milton believes God is a real person and is takes interest in mankind (Aldridge). <em>Essay on Man </em>and <em>Paradise Lost </em>have a similar object, Milton’s poem is intended to “justify the ways of God to men,” and Pope’s is designed to “vindicate the ways of God to man.” Pope and Milton both agree that man should not seek knowledge beyond his comprehension.  Milton agrees wholeheartedly with Pope that it is foolish and unwise to seek information about other worlds and planets. Milton and Pope, in order to justify the ways of God, had the same beliefs on this question: How can a just and benevolent God permit so much suffering and misery in the world?  They both believed in evil and spoke of it in their works. Although both thoughts of evil are different, it still comes down to them both believing in evil. Pope maintains the belief that moral evil does not exist and that natural evil, such as: earthquakes, famine, etc., partial evil is really universal good. Instead of denying evil in the world, Milton affirms it. Milton believes that Satan, like God, is a spiritual force that is interfering with mankind (Aldridge). Pope’s <em>Essay on Man</em> was held in high regard from notable figures such as Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Immanuel Kant and met with international acclaim upon publication in 1734. However, “Essay on Man” soon gave way to controversy by pulpitarians and metaphysicians who noted challenges and threats in the poem’s themes to their respective government. These critics determined that its values were essentially poetic and not philosophical by any means. Within fifty years of its publication, the prevailing critical opinion of the poem mirrored that of Samuel Johnson, who noted, “Never were penury of knowledge and vulgarity of sentiment so happily disguised” (eNotes). Even though Pope’s poem is perceived as being fundamentally flawed, both aesthetically and philosophically, critics would like to retrieve this piece from the dustbin of literary history and reevaluate the poem’s ideas to see where Pope derived his theodicy from the various philosophical and theological positions held by his intellectual peers (eNotes). I account for the differences of perception of Pope’s work in his time and now by realizing that the <em>Essay on Man</em> was commonplace in the 18<sup>th</sup> century thus making it perceived with less enthusiasm than it is now. I would like to withdraw my proposal for this literary piece to be saved for future generations. I believe that there are other literature works falling under the same category and time period that have more of an impact than <em>Essay on Man </em>does.  What I got from this reading was a diffused feeling of benightedness, I know something was said, I just wasn’t getting it. Also, I do not have the same opinion as Pope when it comes to religion; I like Milton’s theory more. Furthermore, while I see Pope’s thoughts of man being limited and fixed, I believe in the progressive development of man. I just don’t agree with most things Alexander Pope wrote in <em>Essay on Man</em>.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Works Cited:</span>\r\n\r\n\"An Essay on Man, Alexander Pope - Introduction.\" Literary Criticism (1400-1800). Ed. Thomas J.Schoenberg. Vol. 64. Gale Cengage, 2001. eNotes.com. 15 Oct, 2012\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.enotes.com/an-essay-man-criticism/an-essay-man-alexander-pope/introduction</span>\r\n\r\nThis is a website I found that helped me with the figure out what the reception of <em>Essay of Man </em>was then and is now.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDr. Finkelstein, H.M, “Alexander Pope: An Essay on Man.”  1999 - 2010. Web.  12 April 2010\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.new-wisdom.org/cultural_history2/4-neo-classicism/pope.htm</span>\r\n\r\nThis website helped me sort out the individual epistles.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAldridge, Alfred. \" Milton’s and Pope’s Conception of God and Man.\" <em>Bibliotheca Sacra</em>. 096.384 (1939): 445-458. Print.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">https://www.galaxie.com/article/3430</span>\r\n\r\nThis journal entry, on the web, helped me find comparisons between Milton and Pope’s work.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Alexander Pope And His Essay On Man.\" <em>Essortment</em>. N.p., 2011. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.essortment.com/alexander-pope-his-essay-man-61315.html</span>\r\n\r\nI found a little bit of info. I could use to add to the religious happenings in the 18<sup>th</sup> century paragraph.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Analysis and Information on the First Great Awakening.\" <em>Great-Awakening.com</em>. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.great-awakening.com</span>\r\n\r\nI found info. about what has happening religiously in the 18<sup>th</sup> century.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"From Metaphysical to Pre-Romantic Poetry.\" Free forum : Dalal Al Shareif. Page 19. Dalal Al Shareif, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://uqu.edu.sa/files2/tiny_mce/plugins/filemanager/files/4281259/143333.pdf</span>\r\n\r\nI used this website to help me find out when <em>Essay on Man</em> was written.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Alexander Pope\'s \"Essay On Man\"','','inherit','open','open','','2743-revision-5','','','2012-10-15 20:17:06','2012-10-16 02:17:06','',2743,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2752',0,'revision','',0),(2753,67,'2012-10-15 20:19:10','2012-10-16 02:19:10','&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/a-pope2.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-2750 aligncenter\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/a-pope2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"247\" height=\"320\" /></a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"> http://static.lulu.com/browse/product_thumbnail.php?productId=20340176&amp;resolution=320</p>\r\nAn Essay on Man is a philosophical essay written in heroic couplets by Alexander Pope, and published in pieces between 1732 and 1734. Pope intended for this poem to be a centerpiece of a proposed system of ethics to be put forth in poetic form, because of death, he was not able to complete it (Shareif). This literary work describes the order of the universe in terms of pecking order. Because humans have the ability to reason, we are placed above plants and animals on earths’ chain of command. The style of the poem expresses a ratifying action of faith based on there always being a silent form of calmness within a sea of chaos. Alexander Pope also means to express that man’s desires for wealth, power, and possessions equates to nothing when compared to the grand scheme of things.\r\n\r\nPope’s essay is divided into four epistles. The first epistle, <em>\"Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to the Universe\"</em> states that with mans limited perception of the world, one cannot know God’s divine plan (Finkelstein). The first epistle is an accumulation of Popes thoughts about God and human kind. It states that it is impossible for the humans to know what is to be, basically, humans should live in the present and not try to foretell the future and try to learn not to question the order of things and to accept the world as it is (Finkelstein). Epistle two <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man with Respect to Himself, as an Individual” </em>states that man’s presence in this realm of reality is exactly as it should be (Finkelstein). Pope is saying that man is doing what he is supposed to be doing: creating, discovering, inventing, etc. Perhaps Pope is trying to display his enjoyment on man’s role in the universe.  Epistle three <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to Society” </em>shows that man’s desire to improve himself helps society as a whole.  The last epistle, epistle four, <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to Happiness” </em>Dr. Finkelstein believes that Pope<em> </em>expresses his thoughts that “God has a balanced plan for the universe and by recreating that balance within himself, man can be happy.”\r\n\r\nAn enormous emphasis was placed on the ability to think and reason during the 18<sup>th</sup> century, which was also known as the Enlightenment or the Great Awakening. Charles II took the throne in 1658 after Oliver Cromwell died; he was welcomed by the majority of citizens. Charles then, started erasing all influences of Puritanism to bring back Roman Catholicism to England (Great-Awakening). As this revival of spirituality was ushered in, people were allowed to express their emotions and have a better connection with God. Whilst some were reveling in their new found connection with God, others started rebelling and started migrating to the New Light Camp. At the New Light Camp, the “New Lights” were taught a kind of anti-intellectualism and started going against the church and their teachings (Great-Awakening). Many people wondered about God and what their role in the universe was which led them to question the church. Alexander Pope’s thoughts in <em>Essay on Man </em>encompass three major concerns of the people during the Enlightenment. Pope addresses man\'s ability to reason and think for himself, he questions the church and the nature of Christianity, and he also speculates about man\'s place in the world (Essortment).\r\n\r\nPope’s thoughts in <em>Essay on Man</em> where very much similar and dissimilar to the thoughts of John Milton’s in his essay <em>Paradise Lost</em>. Pope’s work embodies a very deistic philosophy while Milton’s typifies the fearless dynamic and spirit of Christianity (Aldridge). The two scribblers’ different thoughts on God are shown throughout the two essays as well. In Pope’s essay, when he speaks of God he is merely speaking of the order of the universe. He examines good and evil to prove that the moral principle behind the universe is compassionate and kind. When Milton speaks of God, he is speaking of a more spiritual meaning, a way that insinuates at more mystical and ethereal forces as well as objective observation of the moral order (Aldridge). Pope’s God is a much unimpassioned force; he is not concerned with individuals in the world, but acts through ubiquitous laws. Milton, however, pays homage to God by proclaiming him to be the supreme overlord of all. Milton believes God is a real person and is takes interest in mankind (Aldridge).\r\n\r\n<em>Essay on Man </em>and <em>Paradise Lost </em>have a similar object, Milton’s poem is intended to “justify the ways of God to men,” and Pope’s is designed to “vindicate the ways of God to man.” Pope and Milton both agree that man should not seek knowledge beyond his comprehension.  Milton agrees wholeheartedly with Pope that it is foolish and unwise to seek information about other worlds and planets. Milton and Pope, in order to justify the ways of God, had the same beliefs on this question: How can a just and benevolent God permit so much suffering and misery in the world?  They both believed in evil and spoke of it in their works. Although both thoughts of evil are different, it still comes down to them both believing in evil. Pope maintains the belief that moral evil does not exist and that natural evil, such as: earthquakes, famine, etc., partial evil is really universal good. Instead of denying evil in the world, Milton affirms it. Milton believes that Satan, like God, is a spiritual force that is interfering with mankind (Aldridge).\r\n\r\nPope’s <em>Essay on Man</em> was held in high regard from notable figures such as Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Immanuel Kant and met with international acclaim upon publication in 1734. However, “Essay on Man” soon gave way to controversy by pulpitarians and metaphysicians who noted challenges and threats in the poem’s themes to their respective government. These critics determined that its values were essentially poetic and not philosophical by any means. Within fifty years of its publication, the prevailing critical opinion of the poem mirrored that of Samuel Johnson, who noted, “Never were penury of knowledge and vulgarity of sentiment so happily disguised” (eNotes). Even though Pope’s poem is perceived as being fundamentally flawed, both aesthetically and philosophically, critics would like to retrieve this piece from the dustbin of literary history and reevaluate the poem’s ideas to see where Pope derived his theodicy from the various philosophical and theological positions held by his intellectual peers (eNotes). I account for the differences of perception of Pope’s work in his time and now by realizing that the <em>Essay on Man</em> was commonplace in the 18<sup>th</sup> century thus making it perceived with less enthusiasm than it is now.\r\n\r\nI would like to withdraw my proposal for this literary piece to be saved for future generations. I believe that there are other literature works falling under the same category and time period that have more of an impact than <em>Essay on Man </em>does.  What I got from this reading was a diffused feeling of benightedness, I know something was said, I just wasn’t getting it. Also, I do not have the same opinion as Pope when it comes to religion; I like Milton’s theory more. Furthermore, while I see Pope’s thoughts of man being limited and fixed, I believe in the progressive development of man. I just don’t agree with most things Alexander Pope wrote in <em>Essay on Man</em>.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Works Cited:</span>\r\n\r\n\"An Essay on Man, Alexander Pope - Introduction.\" Literary Criticism (1400-1800). Ed. Thomas J.Schoenberg. Vol. 64. Gale Cengage, 2001. eNotes.com. 15 Oct, 2012\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.enotes.com/an-essay-man-criticism/an-essay-man-alexander-pope/introduction</span>\r\n\r\nThis is a website I found that helped me with the figure out what the reception of <em>Essay of Man </em>was then and is now.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDr. Finkelstein, H.M, “Alexander Pope: An Essay on Man.”  1999 - 2010. Web.  12 April 2010\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.new-wisdom.org/cultural_history2/4-neo-classicism/pope.htm</span>\r\n\r\nThis website helped me sort out the individual epistles.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAldridge, Alfred. \" Milton’s and Pope’s Conception of God and Man.\" <em>Bibliotheca Sacra</em>. 096.384 (1939): 445-458. Print.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">https://www.galaxie.com/article/3430</span>\r\n\r\nThis journal entry, on the web, helped me find comparisons between Milton and Pope’s work.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Alexander Pope And His Essay On Man.\" <em>Essortment</em>. N.p., 2011. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.essortment.com/alexander-pope-his-essay-man-61315.html</span>\r\n\r\nI found a little bit of info. I could use to add to the religious happenings in the 18<sup>th</sup> century paragraph.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Analysis and Information on the First Great Awakening.\" <em>Great-Awakening.com</em>. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.great-awakening.com</span>\r\n\r\nI found info. about what has happening religiously in the 18<sup>th</sup> century.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"From Metaphysical to Pre-Romantic Poetry.\" Free forum : Dalal Al Shareif. Page 19. Dalal Al Shareif, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://uqu.edu.sa/files2/tiny_mce/plugins/filemanager/files/4281259/143333.pdf</span>\r\n\r\nI used this website to help me find out when <em>Essay on Man</em> was written.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Alexander Pope\'s \"Essay On Man\"','','inherit','open','open','','2743-revision-6','','','2012-10-15 20:19:10','2012-10-16 02:19:10','',2743,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2753',0,'revision','',0),(2754,67,'2012-10-15 20:21:03','2012-10-16 02:21:03','&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/a-pope2.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-2750 aligncenter\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/a-pope2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"247\" height=\"320\" /></a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"> http://static.lulu.com/browse/product_thumbnail.php?productId=20340176&amp;resolution=320</p>\r\nAn Essay on Man is a philosophical essay written in heroic couplets by Alexander Pope, and published in pieces between 1732 and 1734. Pope intended for this poem to be a centerpiece of a proposed system of ethics to be put forth in poetic form, because of death, he was not able to complete it (Shareif). This literary work describes the order of the universe in terms of pecking order. Because humans have the ability to reason, we are placed above plants and animals on earths’ chain of command. The style of the poem expresses a ratifying action of faith based on there always being a silent form of calmness within a sea of chaos. Alexander Pope also means to express that man’s desires for wealth, power, and possessions equates to nothing when compared to the grand scheme of things.<!--more-->\r\n\r\nPope’s essay is divided into four epistles. The first epistle, <em>\"Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to the Universe\"</em> states that with mans limited perception of the world, one cannot know God’s divine plan (Finkelstein). The first epistle is an accumulation of Popes thoughts about God and human kind. It states that it is impossible for the humans to know what is to be, basically, humans should live in the present and not try to foretell the future and try to learn not to question the order of things and to accept the world as it is (Finkelstein). Epistle two <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man with Respect to Himself, as an Individual” </em>states that man’s presence in this realm of reality is exactly as it should be (Finkelstein). Pope is saying that man is doing what he is supposed to be doing: creating, discovering, inventing, etc. Perhaps Pope is trying to display his enjoyment on man’s role in the universe.  Epistle three <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to Society” </em>shows that man’s desire to improve himself helps society as a whole.  The last epistle, epistle four, <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to Happiness” </em>Dr. Finkelstein believes that Pope<em> </em>expresses his thoughts that “God has a balanced plan for the universe and by recreating that balance within himself, man can be happy.”\r\n\r\nAn enormous emphasis was placed on the ability to think and reason during the 18<sup>th</sup> century, which was also known as the Enlightenment or the Great Awakening. Charles II took the throne in 1658 after Oliver Cromwell died; he was welcomed by the majority of citizens. Charles then, started erasing all influences of Puritanism to bring back Roman Catholicism to England (Great-Awakening). As this revival of spirituality was ushered in, people were allowed to express their emotions and have a better connection with God. Whilst some were reveling in their new found connection with God, others started rebelling and started migrating to the New Light Camp. At the New Light Camp, the “New Lights” were taught a kind of anti-intellectualism and started going against the church and their teachings (Great-Awakening). Many people wondered about God and what their role in the universe was which led them to question the church. Alexander Pope’s thoughts in <em>Essay on Man </em>encompass three major concerns of the people during the Enlightenment. Pope addresses man\'s ability to reason and think for himself, he questions the church and the nature of Christianity, and he also speculates about man\'s place in the world (Essortment).\r\n\r\nPope’s thoughts in <em>Essay on Man</em> where very much similar and dissimilar to the thoughts of John Milton’s in his essay <em>Paradise Lost</em>. Pope’s work embodies a very deistic philosophy while Milton’s typifies the fearless dynamic and spirit of Christianity (Aldridge). The two scribblers’ different thoughts on God are shown throughout the two essays as well. In Pope’s essay, when he speaks of God he is merely speaking of the order of the universe. He examines good and evil to prove that the moral principle behind the universe is compassionate and kind. When Milton speaks of God, he is speaking of a more spiritual meaning, a way that insinuates at more mystical and ethereal forces as well as objective observation of the moral order (Aldridge). Pope’s God is a much unimpassioned force; he is not concerned with individuals in the world, but acts through ubiquitous laws. Milton, however, pays homage to God by proclaiming him to be the supreme overlord of all. Milton believes God is a real person and is takes interest in mankind (Aldridge).\r\n\r\n<em>Essay on Man </em>and <em>Paradise Lost </em>have a similar object, Milton’s poem is intended to “justify the ways of God to men,” and Pope’s is designed to “vindicate the ways of God to man.” Pope and Milton both agree that man should not seek knowledge beyond his comprehension.  Milton agrees wholeheartedly with Pope that it is foolish and unwise to seek information about other worlds and planets. Milton and Pope, in order to justify the ways of God, had the same beliefs on this question: How can a just and benevolent God permit so much suffering and misery in the world?  They both believed in evil and spoke of it in their works. Although both thoughts of evil are different, it still comes down to them both believing in evil. Pope maintains the belief that moral evil does not exist and that natural evil, such as: earthquakes, famine, etc., partial evil is really universal good. Instead of denying evil in the world, Milton affirms it. Milton believes that Satan, like God, is a spiritual force that is interfering with mankind (Aldridge).\r\n\r\nPope’s <em>Essay on Man</em> was held in high regard from notable figures such as Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Immanuel Kant and met with international acclaim upon publication in 1734. However, “Essay on Man” soon gave way to controversy by pulpitarians and metaphysicians who noted challenges and threats in the poem’s themes to their respective government. These critics determined that its values were essentially poetic and not philosophical by any means. Within fifty years of its publication, the prevailing critical opinion of the poem mirrored that of Samuel Johnson, who noted, “Never were penury of knowledge and vulgarity of sentiment so happily disguised” (eNotes). Even though Pope’s poem is perceived as being fundamentally flawed, both aesthetically and philosophically, critics would like to retrieve this piece from the dustbin of literary history and reevaluate the poem’s ideas to see where Pope derived his theodicy from the various philosophical and theological positions held by his intellectual peers (eNotes). I account for the differences of perception of Pope’s work in his time and now by realizing that the <em>Essay on Man</em> was commonplace in the 18<sup>th</sup> century thus making it perceived with less enthusiasm than it is now.\r\n\r\nI would like to withdraw my proposal for this literary piece to be saved for future generations. I believe that there are other literature works falling under the same category and time period that have more of an impact than <em>Essay on Man </em>does.  What I got from this reading was a diffused feeling of benightedness, I know something was said, I just wasn’t getting it. Also, I do not have the same opinion as Pope when it comes to religion; I like Milton’s theory more. Furthermore, while I see Pope’s thoughts of man being limited and fixed, I believe in the progressive development of man. I just don’t agree with most things Alexander Pope wrote in <em>Essay on Man</em>.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Works Cited:</span>\r\n\r\n\"An Essay on Man, Alexander Pope - Introduction.\" Literary Criticism (1400-1800). Ed. Thomas J.Schoenberg. Vol. 64. Gale Cengage, 2001. eNotes.com. 15 Oct, 2012\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.enotes.com/an-essay-man-criticism/an-essay-man-alexander-pope/introduction</span>\r\n\r\nThis is a website I found that helped me with the figure out what the reception of <em>Essay of Man </em>was then and is now.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDr. Finkelstein, H.M, “Alexander Pope: An Essay on Man.”  1999 - 2010. Web.  12 April 2010\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.new-wisdom.org/cultural_history2/4-neo-classicism/pope.htm</span>\r\n\r\nThis website helped me sort out the individual epistles.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAldridge, Alfred. \" Milton’s and Pope’s Conception of God and Man.\" <em>Bibliotheca Sacra</em>. 096.384 (1939): 445-458. Print.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">https://www.galaxie.com/article/3430</span>\r\n\r\nThis journal entry, on the web, helped me find comparisons between Milton and Pope’s work.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Alexander Pope And His Essay On Man.\" <em>Essortment</em>. N.p., 2011. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.essortment.com/alexander-pope-his-essay-man-61315.html</span>\r\n\r\nI found a little bit of info. I could use to add to the religious happenings in the 18<sup>th</sup> century paragraph.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Analysis and Information on the First Great Awakening.\" <em>Great-Awakening.com</em>. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.great-awakening.com</span>\r\n\r\nI found info. about what has happening religiously in the 18<sup>th</sup> century.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"From Metaphysical to Pre-Romantic Poetry.\" Free forum : Dalal Al Shareif. Page 19. Dalal Al Shareif, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://uqu.edu.sa/files2/tiny_mce/plugins/filemanager/files/4281259/143333.pdf</span>\r\n\r\nI used this website to help me find out when <em>Essay on Man</em> was written.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Alexander Pope\'s \"Essay On Man\"','','inherit','open','open','','2743-revision-7','','','2012-10-15 20:21:03','2012-10-16 02:21:03','',2743,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2754',0,'revision','',0),(2755,67,'2012-10-15 20:33:21','2012-10-16 02:33:21','&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/a-pope2.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-2750 aligncenter\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/a-pope2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"247\" height=\"320\" /></a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"> http://static.lulu.com/browse/product_thumbnail.php?productId=20340176&amp;resolution=320</p>\r\nAn Essay on Man is a philosophical essay written in heroic couplets by Alexander Pope, and published in pieces between 1732 and 1734. Pope intended for this poem to be a centerpiece of a proposed system of ethics to be put forth in poetic form, because of death, he was not able to complete it (Shareif). This literary work describes the order of the universe in terms of pecking order. Because humans have the ability to reason, we are placed above plants and animals on earths’ chain of command. The style of the poem expresses a ratifying action of faith based on there always being a silent form of calmness within a sea of chaos. Alexander Pope also means to express that man’s desires for wealth, power, and possessions equates to nothing when compared to the grand scheme of things.\r\n\r\nPope’s essay is divided into four epistles. The first epistle, <em>\"Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to the Universe\"</em> states that with mans limited perception of the world, one cannot know God’s divine plan (Finkelstein). The first epistle is an accumulation of Popes thoughts about God and human kind. It states that it is impossible for the humans to know what is to be, basically, humans should live in the present and not try to foretell the future and try to learn not to question the order of things and to accept the world as it is (Finkelstein). Epistle two <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man with Respect to Himself, as an Individual” </em>states that man’s presence in this realm of reality is exactly as it should be (Finkelstein). Pope is saying that man is doing what he is supposed to be doing: creating, discovering, inventing, etc. Perhaps Pope is trying to display his enjoyment on man’s role in the universe.  Epistle three <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to Society” </em>shows that man’s desire to improve himself helps society as a whole.  The last epistle, epistle four, <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to Happiness” </em>Dr. Finkelstein believes that Pope<em> </em>expresses his thoughts that “God has a balanced plan for the universe and by recreating that balance within himself, man can be happy.”\r\n\r\nAn enormous emphasis was placed on the ability to think and reason during the 18<sup>th</sup> century, which was also known as the Enlightenment or the Great Awakening. Charles II took the throne in 1658 after Oliver Cromwell died; he was welcomed by the majority of citizens. Charles then, started erasing all influences of Puritanism to bring back Roman Catholicism to England (Great-Awakening). As this revival of spirituality was ushered in, people were allowed to express their emotions and have a better connection with God. Whilst some were reveling in their new found connection with God, others started rebelling and started migrating to the New Light Camp. At the New Light Camp, the “New Lights” were taught a kind of anti-intellectualism and started going against the church and their teachings (Great-Awakening). Many people wondered about God and what their role in the universe was which led them to question the church. Alexander Pope’s thoughts in <em>Essay on Man </em>encompass three major concerns of the people during the Enlightenment. Pope addresses man\'s ability to reason and think for himself, he questions the church and the nature of Christianity, and he also speculates about man\'s place in the world (Essortment).\r\n\r\nPope’s thoughts in <em>Essay on Man</em> where very much similar and dissimilar to the thoughts of John Milton’s in his essay <em>Paradise Lost</em>. Pope’s work embodies a very deistic philosophy while Milton’s typifies the fearless dynamic and spirit of Christianity (Aldridge). The two scribblers’ different thoughts on God are shown throughout the two essays as well. In Pope’s essay, when he speaks of God he is merely speaking of the order of the universe. He examines good and evil to prove that the moral principle behind the universe is compassionate and kind. When Milton speaks of God, he is speaking of a more spiritual meaning, a way that insinuates at more mystical and ethereal forces as well as objective observation of the moral order (Aldridge). Pope’s God is a much unimpassioned force; he is not concerned with individuals in the world, but acts through ubiquitous laws. Milton, however, pays homage to God by proclaiming him to be the supreme overlord of all. Milton believes God is a real person and is takes interest in mankind (Aldridge).\r\n\r\n<em>Essay on Man </em>and <em>Paradise Lost </em>have a similar object, Milton’s poem is intended to “justify the ways of God to men,” and Pope’s is designed to “vindicate the ways of God to man.” Pope and Milton both agree that man should not seek knowledge beyond his comprehension.  Milton agrees wholeheartedly with Pope that it is foolish and unwise to seek information about other worlds and planets. Milton and Pope, in order to justify the ways of God, had the same beliefs on this question: How can a just and benevolent God permit so much suffering and misery in the world? (Aldridge) They both believed in evil and spoke of it in their works. Although both thoughts of evil are different, it still comes down to them both believing in evil. Pope maintains the belief that moral evil does not exist and that natural evil, such as: earthquakes, famine, etc., partial evil is really universal good. Instead of denying evil in the world, Milton affirms it. Milton believes that Satan, like God, is a spiritual force that is interfering with mankind (Aldridge).\r\n\r\nPope’s <em>Essay on Man</em> was held in high regard from notable figures such as Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Immanuel Kant and met with international acclaim upon publication in 1734 (eNotes). However, “Essay on Man” soon gave way to controversy by pulpitarians and metaphysicians who noted challenges and threats in the poem’s themes to their respective government. These critics determined that its values were essentially poetic and not philosophical by any means. Within fifty years of its publication, the prevailing critical opinion of the poem mirrored that of Samuel Johnson, who noted, “Never were penury of knowledge and vulgarity of sentiment so happily disguised” (eNotes). Even though Pope’s poem is perceived as being fundamentally flawed, both aesthetically and philosophically, critics would like to retrieve this piece from the dustbin of literary history and reevaluate the poem’s ideas to see where Pope derived his theodicy from the various philosophical and theological positions held by his intellectual peers (eNotes). I account for the differences of perception of Pope’s work in his time and now by realizing that the <em>Essay on Man</em> was commonplace in the 18<sup>th</sup> century thus making it perceived with less enthusiasm than it is now.\r\n\r\nI would like to withdraw my proposal for this literary piece to be saved for future generations. I believe that there are other literature works falling under the same category and time period that have more of an impact than <em>Essay on Man </em>does.  What I got from this reading was a diffused feeling of benightedness, I know something was said, I just wasn’t getting it. Also, I do not have the same opinion as Pope when it comes to religion; I like Milton’s theory more. Furthermore, while I see Pope’s thoughts of man being limited and fixed, I believe in the progressive development of man. I just don’t agree with most things Alexander Pope wrote in <em>Essay on Man</em>.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Works Cited:</span>\r\n\r\n\"An Essay on Man, Alexander Pope - Introduction.\" Literary Criticism (1400-1800). Ed. Thomas J.Schoenberg. Vol. 64. Gale Cengage, 2001. eNotes.com. 15 Oct, 2012\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.enotes.com/an-essay-man-criticism/an-essay-man-alexander-pope/introduction</span>\r\n\r\nThis is a website I found that helped me with the figure out what the reception of <em>Essay of Man </em>was then and is now.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDr. Finkelstein, H.M, “Alexander Pope: An Essay on Man.”  1999 - 2010. Web.  12 April 2010\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.new-wisdom.org/cultural_history2/4-neo-classicism/pope.htm</span>\r\n\r\nThis website helped me sort out the individual epistles.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAldridge, Alfred. \" Milton’s and Pope’s Conception of God and Man.\" <em>Bibliotheca Sacra</em>. 096.384 (1939): 445-458. Print.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">https://www.galaxie.com/article/3430</span>\r\n\r\nThis journal entry, on the web, helped me find comparisons between Milton and Pope’s work.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Alexander Pope And His Essay On Man.\" <em>Essortment</em>. N.p., 2011. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.essortment.com/alexander-pope-his-essay-man-61315.html</span>\r\n\r\nI found a little bit of info. I could use to add to the religious happenings in the 18<sup>th</sup> century paragraph.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Analysis and Information on the First Great Awakening.\" <em>Great-Awakening.com</em>. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.great-awakening.com</span>\r\n\r\nI found info. about what has happening religiously in the 18<sup>th</sup> century.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"From Metaphysical to Pre-Romantic Poetry.\" Free forum : Dalal Al Shareif. Page 19. Dalal Al Shareif, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://uqu.edu.sa/files2/tiny_mce/plugins/filemanager/files/4281259/143333.pdf</span>\r\n\r\nI used this website to help me find out when <em>Essay on Man</em> was written.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Alexander Pope\'s \"Essay On Man\"','','inherit','open','open','','2743-revision-8','','','2012-10-15 20:33:21','2012-10-16 02:33:21','',2743,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2755',0,'revision','',0),(2756,67,'2012-10-15 20:47:42','2012-10-16 02:47:42','&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/a-pope2.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-2750 aligncenter\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/a-pope2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"247\" height=\"320\" /></a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"> http://static.lulu.com/browse/product_thumbnail.php?productId=20340176&amp;resolution=320</p>\r\nAn Essay on Man is a philosophical essay written in heroic couplets by Alexander Pope, and published in pieces between 1732 and 1734. Pope intended for this poem to be a centerpiece of a proposed system of ethics to be put forth in poetic form, because of death, he was not able to complete it (Shareif 19). This literary work describes the order of the universe in terms of pecking order. Because humans have the ability to reason, we are placed above plants and animals on earths’ chain of command. The style of the poem expresses a ratifying action of faith based on there always being a silent form of calmness within a sea of chaos. This essay should be preserved because, Alexander Pope means to express that man’s desires for wealth, power, and possessions equates to nothing when compared to the grand scheme of things.\r\n\r\nPope’s essay is divided into four epistles. The first epistle, <em>\"Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to the Universe\"</em> states that with mans limited perception of the world, one cannot know God’s divine plan (Finkelstein). The first epistle is an accumulation of Popes thoughts about God and human kind. It states that it is impossible for the humans to know what is to be, basically, humans should live in the present and not try to foretell the future and try to learn not to question the order of things and to accept the world as it is (Finkelstein). Epistle two <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man with Respect to Himself, as an Individual” </em>states that man’s presence in this realm of reality is exactly as it should be (Finkelstein). Pope is saying that man is doing what he is supposed to be doing: creating, discovering, inventing, etc. Perhaps Pope is trying to display his enjoyment on man’s role in the universe.  Epistle three <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to Society” </em>shows that man’s desire to improve himself helps society as a whole.  The last epistle, epistle four, <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to Happiness” </em>Dr. Finkelstein believes that Pope<em> </em>expresses his thoughts that “God has a balanced plan for the universe and by recreating that balance within himself, man can be happy.”\r\n\r\nAn enormous emphasis was placed on the ability to think and reason during the 18<sup>th</sup> century, which was also known as the Enlightenment or the Great Awakening. Charles II took the throne in 1658 after Oliver Cromwell died; he was welcomed by the majority of citizens. Charles then, started erasing all influences of Puritanism to bring back Roman Catholicism to England (Great-Awakening). As this revival of spirituality was ushered in, people were allowed to express their emotions and have a better connection with God. Whilst some were reveling in their new found connection with God, others started rebelling and started migrating to the New Light Camp. At the New Light Camp, the “New Lights” were taught a kind of anti-intellectualism and started going against the church and their teachings (Great-Awakening). Many people wondered about God and what their role in the universe was which led them to question the church. Alexander Pope’s thoughts in <em>Essay on Man </em>encompass three major concerns of the people during the Enlightenment. Pope addresses man\'s ability to reason and think for himself, he questions the church and the nature of Christianity, and he also speculates about man\'s place in the world (Essortment).\r\n\r\nPope’s thoughts in <em>Essay on Man</em> where very much similar and dissimilar to the thoughts of John Milton’s in his essay <em>Paradise Lost</em>. Pope’s work embodies a very deistic philosophy while Milton’s typifies the fearless dynamic and spirit of Christianity (Aldridge). The two scribblers’ different thoughts on God are shown throughout the two essays as well. In Pope’s essay, when he speaks of God he is merely speaking of the order of the universe. He examines good and evil to prove that the moral principle behind the universe is compassionate and kind. When Milton speaks of God, he is speaking of a more spiritual meaning, a way that insinuates at more mystical and ethereal forces as well as objective observation of the moral order (Aldridge). Pope’s God is a much unimpassioned force; he is not concerned with individuals in the world, but acts through ubiquitous laws. Milton, however, pays homage to God by proclaiming him to be the supreme overlord of all. Milton believes God is a real person and is takes interest in mankind (Aldridge).\r\n\r\n<em>Essay on Man </em>and <em>Paradise Lost </em>have a similar object, Milton’s poem is intended to “justify the ways of God to men,” and Pope’s is designed to “vindicate the ways of God to man.” Pope and Milton both agree that man should not seek knowledge beyond his comprehension.  Milton agrees wholeheartedly with Pope that it is foolish and unwise to seek information about other worlds and planets. Milton and Pope, in order to justify the ways of God, had the same beliefs on this question: How can a just and benevolent God permit so much suffering and misery in the world? (Aldridge) They both believed in evil and spoke of it in their works. Although both thoughts of evil are different, it still comes down to them both believing in evil. Pope maintains the belief that moral evil does not exist and that natural evil, such as: earthquakes, famine, etc., partial evil is really universal good. Instead of denying evil in the world, Milton affirms it. Milton believes that Satan, like God, is a spiritual force that is interfering with mankind (Aldridge).\r\n\r\nPope’s <em>Essay on Man</em> was held in high regard from notable figures such as Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Immanuel Kant and met with international acclaim upon publication in 1734 (eNotes). However, “Essay on Man” soon gave way to controversy by pulpitarians and metaphysicians who noted challenges and threats in the poem’s themes to their respective government. These critics determined that its values were essentially poetic and not philosophical by any means. Within fifty years of its publication, the prevailing critical opinion of the poem mirrored that of Samuel Johnson, who noted, “Never were penury of knowledge and vulgarity of sentiment so happily disguised” (eNotes). Even though Pope’s poem is perceived as being fundamentally flawed, both aesthetically and philosophically, critics would like to retrieve this piece from the dustbin of literary history and reevaluate the poem’s ideas to see where Pope derived his theodicy from the various philosophical and theological positions held by his intellectual peers (eNotes). I account for the differences of perception of Pope’s work in his time and now by realizing that the <em>Essay on Man</em> was commonplace in the 18<sup>th</sup> century thus making it perceived with less enthusiasm than it is now.\r\n\r\nI would like to withdraw my proposal for this literary piece to be saved for future generations. I believe that there are other literature works falling under the same category and time period that have more of an impact than <em>Essay on Man </em>does.  What I got from this reading was a diffused feeling of benightedness, I know something was said, I just wasn’t getting it. Also, I do not have the same opinion as Pope when it comes to religion; I like Milton’s theory more. Furthermore, while I see Pope’s thoughts of man being limited and fixed, I believe in the progressive development of man. I just don’t agree with most things Alexander Pope wrote in <em>Essay on Man</em>.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Works Cited:</span>\r\n\r\n\"An Essay on Man, Alexander Pope - Introduction.\" Literary Criticism (1400-1800). Ed. Thomas J.Schoenberg. Vol. 64. Gale Cengage, 2001. eNotes.com. 15 Oct, 2012\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.enotes.com/an-essay-man-criticism/an-essay-man-alexander-pope/introduction</span>\r\n\r\nThis is a website I found that helped me with the figure out what the reception of <em>Essay of Man </em>was then and is now.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDr. Finkelstein, H.M, “Alexander Pope: An Essay on Man.”  1999 - 2010. Web.  12 April 2010\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.new-wisdom.org/cultural_history2/4-neo-classicism/pope.htm</span>\r\n\r\nThis website helped me sort out the individual epistles.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAldridge, Alfred. \" Milton’s and Pope’s Conception of God and Man.\" <em>Bibliotheca Sacra</em>. 096.384 (1939): 445-458. Print.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">https://www.galaxie.com/article/3430</span>\r\n\r\nThis journal entry, on the web, helped me find comparisons between Milton and Pope’s work.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Alexander Pope And His Essay On Man.\" <em>Essortment</em>. N.p., 2011. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.essortment.com/alexander-pope-his-essay-man-61315.html</span>\r\n\r\nI found a little bit of info. I could use to add to the religious happenings in the 18<sup>th</sup> century paragraph.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Analysis and Information on the First Great Awakening.\" <em>Great-Awakening.com</em>. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.great-awakening.com</span>\r\n\r\nI found info. about what has happening religiously in the 18<sup>th</sup> century.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"From Metaphysical to Pre-Romantic Poetry.\" Free forum : Dalal Al Shareif. Page 19. Dalal Al Shareif, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://uqu.edu.sa/files2/tiny_mce/plugins/filemanager/files/4281259/143333.pdf</span>\r\n\r\nI used this website to help me find out when <em>Essay on Man</em> was written.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Alexander Pope\'s \"Essay On Man\"','','inherit','open','open','','2743-revision-9','','','2012-10-15 20:47:42','2012-10-16 02:47:42','',2743,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2756',0,'revision','',0),(2757,67,'2012-10-15 20:48:22','2012-10-16 02:48:22','&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/a-pope2.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-2750 aligncenter\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/a-pope2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"247\" height=\"320\" /></a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"> http://static.lulu.com/browse/product_thumbnail.php?productId=20340176&amp;resolution=320</p>\r\nAn Essay on Man is a philosophical essay written in heroic couplets by Alexander Pope, and published in pieces between 1732 and 1734. Pope intended for this poem to be a centerpiece of a proposed system of ethics to be put forth in poetic form, because of death, he was not able to complete it (Shareif 19). This literary work describes the order of the universe in terms of pecking order. Because humans have the ability to reason, we are placed above plants and animals on earths’ chain of command. The style of the poem expresses a ratifying action of faith based on there always being a silent form of calmness within a sea of chaos. This essay should be preserved because Alexander Pope means to express that man’s desires for wealth, power, and possessions equates to nothing when compared to the grand scheme of things.\r\n\r\nPope’s essay is divided into four epistles. The first epistle, <em>\"Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to the Universe\"</em> states that with mans limited perception of the world, one cannot know God’s divine plan (Finkelstein). The first epistle is an accumulation of Popes thoughts about God and human kind. It states that it is impossible for the humans to know what is to be, basically, humans should live in the present and not try to foretell the future and try to learn not to question the order of things and to accept the world as it is (Finkelstein). Epistle two <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man with Respect to Himself, as an Individual” </em>states that man’s presence in this realm of reality is exactly as it should be (Finkelstein). Pope is saying that man is doing what he is supposed to be doing: creating, discovering, inventing, etc. Perhaps Pope is trying to display his enjoyment on man’s role in the universe.  Epistle three <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to Society” </em>shows that man’s desire to improve himself helps society as a whole.  The last epistle, epistle four, <em>“Of the Nature and State of Man, with Respect to Happiness” </em>Dr. Finkelstein believes that Pope<em> </em>expresses his thoughts that “God has a balanced plan for the universe and by recreating that balance within himself, man can be happy.”\r\n\r\nAn enormous emphasis was placed on the ability to think and reason during the 18<sup>th</sup> century, which was also known as the Enlightenment or the Great Awakening. Charles II took the throne in 1658 after Oliver Cromwell died; he was welcomed by the majority of citizens. Charles then, started erasing all influences of Puritanism to bring back Roman Catholicism to England (Great-Awakening). As this revival of spirituality was ushered in, people were allowed to express their emotions and have a better connection with God. Whilst some were reveling in their new found connection with God, others started rebelling and started migrating to the New Light Camp. At the New Light Camp, the “New Lights” were taught a kind of anti-intellectualism and started going against the church and their teachings (Great-Awakening). Many people wondered about God and what their role in the universe was which led them to question the church. Alexander Pope’s thoughts in <em>Essay on Man </em>encompass three major concerns of the people during the Enlightenment. Pope addresses man\'s ability to reason and think for himself, he questions the church and the nature of Christianity, and he also speculates about man\'s place in the world (Essortment).\r\n\r\nPope’s thoughts in <em>Essay on Man</em> where very much similar and dissimilar to the thoughts of John Milton’s in his essay <em>Paradise Lost</em>. Pope’s work embodies a very deistic philosophy while Milton’s typifies the fearless dynamic and spirit of Christianity (Aldridge). The two scribblers’ different thoughts on God are shown throughout the two essays as well. In Pope’s essay, when he speaks of God he is merely speaking of the order of the universe. He examines good and evil to prove that the moral principle behind the universe is compassionate and kind. When Milton speaks of God, he is speaking of a more spiritual meaning, a way that insinuates at more mystical and ethereal forces as well as objective observation of the moral order (Aldridge). Pope’s God is a much unimpassioned force; he is not concerned with individuals in the world, but acts through ubiquitous laws. Milton, however, pays homage to God by proclaiming him to be the supreme overlord of all. Milton believes God is a real person and is takes interest in mankind (Aldridge).\r\n\r\n<em>Essay on Man </em>and <em>Paradise Lost </em>have a similar object, Milton’s poem is intended to “justify the ways of God to men,” and Pope’s is designed to “vindicate the ways of God to man.” Pope and Milton both agree that man should not seek knowledge beyond his comprehension.  Milton agrees wholeheartedly with Pope that it is foolish and unwise to seek information about other worlds and planets. Milton and Pope, in order to justify the ways of God, had the same beliefs on this question: How can a just and benevolent God permit so much suffering and misery in the world? (Aldridge) They both believed in evil and spoke of it in their works. Although both thoughts of evil are different, it still comes down to them both believing in evil. Pope maintains the belief that moral evil does not exist and that natural evil, such as: earthquakes, famine, etc., partial evil is really universal good. Instead of denying evil in the world, Milton affirms it. Milton believes that Satan, like God, is a spiritual force that is interfering with mankind (Aldridge).\r\n\r\nPope’s <em>Essay on Man</em> was held in high regard from notable figures such as Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Immanuel Kant and met with international acclaim upon publication in 1734 (eNotes). However, “Essay on Man” soon gave way to controversy by pulpitarians and metaphysicians who noted challenges and threats in the poem’s themes to their respective government. These critics determined that its values were essentially poetic and not philosophical by any means. Within fifty years of its publication, the prevailing critical opinion of the poem mirrored that of Samuel Johnson, who noted, “Never were penury of knowledge and vulgarity of sentiment so happily disguised” (eNotes). Even though Pope’s poem is perceived as being fundamentally flawed, both aesthetically and philosophically, critics would like to retrieve this piece from the dustbin of literary history and reevaluate the poem’s ideas to see where Pope derived his theodicy from the various philosophical and theological positions held by his intellectual peers (eNotes). I account for the differences of perception of Pope’s work in his time and now by realizing that the <em>Essay on Man</em> was commonplace in the 18<sup>th</sup> century thus making it perceived with less enthusiasm than it is now.\r\n\r\nI would like to withdraw my proposal for this literary piece to be saved for future generations. I believe that there are other literature works falling under the same category and time period that have more of an impact than <em>Essay on Man </em>does.  What I got from this reading was a diffused feeling of benightedness, I know something was said, I just wasn’t getting it. Also, I do not have the same opinion as Pope when it comes to religion; I like Milton’s theory more. Furthermore, while I see Pope’s thoughts of man being limited and fixed, I believe in the progressive development of man. I just don’t agree with most things Alexander Pope wrote in <em>Essay on Man</em>.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Works Cited:</span>\r\n\r\n\"An Essay on Man, Alexander Pope - Introduction.\" Literary Criticism (1400-1800). Ed. Thomas J.Schoenberg. Vol. 64. Gale Cengage, 2001. eNotes.com. 15 Oct, 2012\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.enotes.com/an-essay-man-criticism/an-essay-man-alexander-pope/introduction</span>\r\n\r\nThis is a website I found that helped me with the figure out what the reception of <em>Essay of Man </em>was then and is now.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDr. Finkelstein, H.M, “Alexander Pope: An Essay on Man.”  1999 - 2010. Web.  12 April 2010\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.new-wisdom.org/cultural_history2/4-neo-classicism/pope.htm</span>\r\n\r\nThis website helped me sort out the individual epistles.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAldridge, Alfred. \" Milton’s and Pope’s Conception of God and Man.\" <em>Bibliotheca Sacra</em>. 096.384 (1939): 445-458. Print.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">https://www.galaxie.com/article/3430</span>\r\n\r\nThis journal entry, on the web, helped me find comparisons between Milton and Pope’s work.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Alexander Pope And His Essay On Man.\" <em>Essortment</em>. N.p., 2011. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.essortment.com/alexander-pope-his-essay-man-61315.html</span>\r\n\r\nI found a little bit of info. I could use to add to the religious happenings in the 18<sup>th</sup> century paragraph.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"Analysis and Information on the First Great Awakening.\" <em>Great-Awakening.com</em>. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://www.great-awakening.com</span>\r\n\r\nI found info. about what has happening religiously in the 18<sup>th</sup> century.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\"From Metaphysical to Pre-Romantic Poetry.\" Free forum : Dalal Al Shareif. Page 19. Dalal Al Shareif, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">http://uqu.edu.sa/files2/tiny_mce/plugins/filemanager/files/4281259/143333.pdf</span>\r\n\r\nI used this website to help me find out when <em>Essay on Man</em> was written.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Alexander Pope\'s \"Essay On Man\"','','inherit','open','open','','2743-revision-10','','','2012-10-15 20:48:22','2012-10-16 02:48:22','',2743,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2757',0,'revision','',0),(2800,61,'2012-10-16 08:50:08','2012-10-16 14:50:08','AUSTIN COMMUNITY COLLEGE\r\nTCP-2 DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE\r\nJ. Lauer – 1302 – 207 # 13622\r\nPHILIP ROBINSON\r\n10/14/2012\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Declaration-of-Independence-Mouse-Pad1.png\"><img class=\"wp-image-2761 aligncenter\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Declaration-of-Independence-Mouse-Pad1-889x1024.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"375\" height=\"431\" /></a></p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAs you are by now well aware, the purpose of this project is to discuss the merits or flaws in the decision to keep a particular piece of art in the time capsule. My opinion is that the pieces we collect will provide an understanding and appreciation of the past. For this paper my intent is to enlighten those that may not already know or agree that the Declaration of Independence should have a place in the capsule, so that future generations will be mindful of our mistakes, and inspired by our greatness.<!--more-->\r\n\r\nPenned By Thomas Jefferson in 1776, and signed by 55 others gentlemen on the fourth day of July that same year was influenced by present and not so present men. (web)After the printing press came to be Thomas Paine’s, “Common Sense” sells 150,000 copies in the first few weeks after publishing argues that Independence is the true course of free people, and a “natural right.” (“history.com”) There is another work that I believe to be similar that may have had an impact on Jefferson as he was writing the Declaration of Independence, and that work is the “The Second Treatise on Civil Government” by John Locke. “Most agree that the natural rights philosophy of English philosopher JOHN LOCKE greatly influenced Jefferson’s composition of the Declaration. In particular, Locke advanced the ideas that a just government derives its legitimacy and power from the consent of the governed, that people possess inalienable rights Page 390 that no legitimate government may take away, and that the people have the right and duty to overthrow a government that violates their rights. Jefferson also paralleled Locke in his identification of three major rights—the rights to “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness”—though the last of his three is a change from Locke’s right to “property.”(“Declaration of Independence”)(“Locke”)\r\n\r\n“<em> In March 1776, North Carolina\'s revolutionary convention became the first to vote in favor of independence; seven other colonies had followed suit by mid-May. On June 7, the Virginia delegate Richard Henry Lee introduced a motion calling for the colonies\' independence before the Continental Congress when it met at the Pennsylvania State House (later Independence Hall) in Philadelphia. Amid heated debate, Congress postponed the vote on Lee\'s resolution and called a recess for several weeks. Before departing, however, the delegates also appointed a five-man committee--including Thomas Jefferson of Virginia, John Adams of Massachusetts, Roger Sherman of Connecticut, Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania and Robert R. Livingston of New York--to draft a formal statement justifying the break with Great Britain. That document would become known as the Declaration of Independence.</em>”(“history.com”)\r\n\r\nThe part that I find unusual is that almost never happened, as at this time in the colonies most of the populace was focused on subject’s rights under the crown. The revolution was at full tilt by the following summer when resistance had grown to the point of forcing a Continental Congress to vote. In mid-June 1776, a five-man committee including Thomas Jefferson, John Adams and Benjamin Franklin was tasked with drafting a formal statement of the colonies\' intentions. The Congress formally adopted the Declaration of Independence--written largely by Jefferson--in Philadelphia on July 4, a date now celebrated as the birth of American independence.\r\n\r\nWhen looking at how this work was received in the past, we must first declare the audience. If the audience is King George III, then one can pretty much say that he was infuriated by these upstarts. If one is referring to the educated populace of the colonies, then separating from British control was thought radical in thought or action until the King attempted to crush the rebellion. If one is referring to the simple folk that are struggling enough just to live, then all you want is for life to be better. However when push comes to shove and the King orders the enlargement of the Army and navy, even the conservative’s abandons hope of reconciliation. (history.com) Apparently there were some members of the colonies that doubted this well crafted document was original, and some years afterward Jefferson responded with the following.\r\n\r\n<em>[n]ot to find out new principles or new arguments, never before thought of, not merely to say things which had never been said before; but to place before mankind the common sense of the subject, in terms so plain and firm as to command their assent, and to justify ourselves in the independent stand we are compelled to take. Neither aiming at originality of principle or sentiment, nor yet copied from any particular and previous writing, it was intended to be an expression of the American mind, and to give to that expression the proper tone and spirit called for by the occasion.</em>(history.com)\r\n\r\nWhen looking at how the Declaration of Independence is viewed today, once again we must clarify who the audience is to accurately relay how the Declaration of Independence is received. If one is part of the elite and part of the military industrial corporate governmental conglomerate that is running the country, you would be doing your best to distract and dumb down your populace enough to not understand the Declaration. If you are part of this great nation that believes in the Declaration, our Constitution, and our Bill of Rights; then you are looking closely at the form and procedure of the Declaration. As an enlightened individual, I am horrified by what I see as the shredding of the founding documents of this nation by those that we placed as guides for our populace. If you are an ignorant sheep that blindly follows what you are told, then all you want is for life to be better.\r\n\r\nIn my opinion the Declaration of Independence is the quintessential piece that defines by demonstration the path a society should take in severing itself from its tyrannical leadership. One can easily follow the rhetorical elements that are artfully expressed throughout this document. The path from having valid issues, to citing their grievances, and finally to stating their ultimatum are well penned. I believe that the most important reason for this Document to be in the time capsule for future generations is this is one of the strongest examples of how a populace regains its freedom from the people that were put in power by the populace after they run amuck. This document also serves as a reminder for our populace that there is a duty in citizenship.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nWorks Cited\r\n\"Declaration of Independence.\" Gale Encyclopedia of American Law. Ed. Donna Batten. 3rd ed. Vol. 3. Detroit: Gale, 2010. 388-390. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\nDocument URL\r\nhttp://go.galegroup.com.lsproxy.austincc.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX1337701301&amp;v=2.1&amp;u=txshracd2487&amp;it=r&amp;p=GVRL&amp;sw=w\r\n\r\n\"Declaration of Independence.\" History.com. A&amp;E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 15 Oct 2012. .\r\n\r\nLocke, John. \"Second Treatise of Civil Government.\" Essay Concerning the true original, extend, and end of Civil Government n.pag. James. Web. 15 Oct 2012. . – Database I found of works converted to html.','The Declaration of Independence','','inherit','open','open','','2473-revision-8','','','2012-10-16 08:50:08','2012-10-16 14:50:08','',2473,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2800',0,'revision','',0),(2758,61,'2012-09-24 12:08:26','2012-09-24 18:08:26','','Auto Draft','','inherit','open','open','','2473-revision','','','2012-09-24 12:08:26','2012-09-24 18:08:26','',2473,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2758',0,'revision','',0),(2761,61,'2012-10-15 21:09:21','2012-10-16 03:09:21','','Image 1','','inherit','open','open','','declaration-of-independence-mouse-pad1','','','2012-10-15 21:09:21','2012-10-16 03:09:21','',2473,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Declaration-of-Independence-Mouse-Pad1.png',0,'attachment','image/png',0),(2759,61,'2012-11-11 00:43:47','2012-11-11 06:43:47','AUSTIN COMMUNITY COLLEGE\r\nTCP-3 PUCCINI’S “LA BOHEME”\r\nJ. Lauer – 1302 – 207 # 13622\r\nPHILIP ROBINSON\r\n11/07/2012\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/httpwww.listal.com-viewimage-1480694h.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-2951\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/httpwww.listal.com-viewimage-1480694h.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"391\" height=\"595\" /></a>\r\n\r\nThere have been many popular styles when it comes to the artistic world. These artful expressions of faith, emotion, instruction, and the unknown stem from real life and the imagination. It has been said by so many that art imitates life, and what better way to express that then to parallel it. Fiero says, “In Italian opera of the late nineteenth century, a movement called verismo (literally, “truth-ism,” but more generally “Realism”) paralleled the Realist style in literature and art.”(fiero) The reason that Puccini’s “La Boheme” needs to be preserved is that it is a perfect example of verismo.<!--more-->\r\n\r\nThe first performance of La Bohème took was shown in Turin, February 1896, at the Teatro Regio, and conducted by Arturo Toscanini. Based on the novel “Scènes de la vie de Bohème,” by Henri Murger, and libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa;(Bogart) this four act opera by Giacomo Puccini artfully introduces us to a group of “bohemians” in the Latin Quarter of Paris, and the tragic love story that ensues.(Fiero) Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini was born in Lucca, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, 22 Dec. 1858 and died in Brussels, Belgium, 29 Nov. 1924.(Opera Glass) For those that do not know, the life of an artist is full of times when they barely scrape by or worse, piqued only on occasion by steady work. Such is the scene when this beautifully tragic opera begins. It is Christmas eve in 1830 and two of our artful principles are huddled by the fireplace doing their best to stay warm. They are so desperate for some respite that they burn precious pieces of paper the poet owns. The powers that be smile down and two friends arrive with good news that one of them is employed and bearing food, warmth, and drink. The poet’s friends are off to celebrate, and just before joining them a neighbor arrives. Chemistry sparks between the neighbor and poet. What follows is the tale of love, jealousy, betrayal, and loss, and death between two couples and their friends.\r\n\r\nRealism was an exactly opposite method of expression from romanticism. Rather than focusing on vague concepts inspired by imagination, realism focused on the beauty of truth and that beauty exists in itself rather than solely in the eye of the beholder. Due to the strong and understandable themes demonstrated in real life circumstances, this particular opera has the ability to touch the soul of anyone; realist or romantic. Thus the overwhelming response to this opera has remained strong and has only heightened from its original release to the current view. Love and loss are simply themes that will stand any test, and touches everyone in some way no matter the current state of affairs between them and those they love. La Bohème has become one of the most frequently performed operas worldwide, second only to Verdi’s La Traviata.(Bogart) The Manchester Guardian informs us that the first english performance occurred at the United Kingdom premiere April 1897, supervised by Puccini himself at the Royal Theatre.(Taylor) According to IMDB, there are two theatrical performances of this opera. The first performance is from 1926 as a silent film; the second is a 2008 performance. This performance can be seen on youtube here http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wrCwl4SYVCM . Though there have been many recordings of La Boheme by various talents including Luciano Pavarotti, there is only one recorded original performance in 1946 by Toscanini. Recorded with NBC Symphony Orchestra, it was later released on various media. All of this points to current and maintained relevance over time. For those like myself that are not fluent in Italian, I would suggest a translated libretto.\r\n\r\nThis work is similar to other popular works of the time, and oddly enough by the same composer. Puccini’s Madam Butterfly also has strong elements of love, loss, betrayal, and death. It has been argued that temporary wives do not love, I can see the stoicism in not showing someone that has treated you poorly any emotion, however, I doubt the hearts ability to block it out completely. There is enough love to bear a child and to begin raising this child. Then the despair and betrayal emerges once again when the abandoning “father” returns. So distraught by the loss of her child breaking her heart and perhaps her feelings for the soldier, she takes her life. These themes are seen through slightly different lenses, but the truth in reality shines through.\r\n\r\nMy impression of the work ties directly into all of the reasons that I appreciate this work. The musical score compliments the vocal performance without drowning the voices. The tale is well told for anyone that has truly ever been in love. The journey through all of the emotions was amazing, as well as being invested in the characters. That all encompassing awe and attraction on every level that lets you breath, while at the same time not being obsessive, stalker like, or dependent. Puccini has demonstrated exceptional ability in storytelling, and seems to be well aware of the indescribable highs and the depths of despair and grief that come with loving relationships. While I can and do appreciate romantic pieces of art, I also find that truth and beauty remain truthful and beautiful regardless of another person’s presence. I also find that along with being an exceptional experience; this opera can be and probably is an introduction to opera for the uninitiated. This piece belongs in the capsule because it is of utmost importance that future generations understand the beauty in truth and the truth in beauty, and that art imitates life in the realist tradition in the truest sense.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Capture.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-2952\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Capture.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"344\" height=\"485\" /></a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"http://opera.stanford.edu/Puccini/LaBoheme/history.html\">http://opera.stanford.edu/Puccini/LaBoheme/history.html</a></p>\r\nFirst performance: 1 February 1896, Teatro Regio, Turin\r\nCast:\r\n• Mimì: Cesira Ferrani (also created title role in Manon Lescaut)\r\n• Musetta: Camilla Pasini\r\n• Rodolfo: Evan Gorga\r\n• Marcello: Tieste Wilmant\r\n• Schaunard: Antonio Pini-Corsi (also created role of Happy in La fanciulla del West)\r\n• Colline: Michele Mazzara\r\n• Benoît: Alessandro Polonini (also created role of Geronte di Ravoir in Manon Lescaut)\r\n• Alcindoro: Alessandro Polonini\r\n• Parpignol: Dante Zucchi\r\n• A Sergeant: Felice Foglia\r\n<strong>Works Cited:</strong>\r\n\r\nBogart, Rick. \"Puccini .\" Opera Glass. Stanford University. Web. 10 Nov 2012.<a href=\"http://opera.stanford.edu/Puccini/main.html\">http://opera.stanford.edu/Puccini/main.html</a> -- Puccini main page\r\n\r\nBogart, Rick. \"Puccini .\" Opera Glass. Stanford University. Web. 10 Nov 2012. <a href=\"http://opera.stanford.edu/Puccini/LaBoheme/main.html\">http://opera.stanford.edu/Puccini/LaBoheme/main.html</a> -- Opera page for <em>La Boheme</em> Direct quote first performance cast\r\n\r\nFiero, Gloria K. The Humanistic Tradition. Vol 2. Books 3-6. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. eBook. McGraw-Hill’s Connect. 2011. Web. Fall 2012. – Paraphrased from ch.30\r\n\r\n\"Statistics.\" <em>Opera Base</em>. N.p., 07 2012. Web. 10 Nov 2012. <a href=\"//operabase.com/index.cgi?lang=en&gt;\">&lt;http://operabase.com/index.cgi?lang=en&gt;</a>.\r\n\r\n-- Database for opera statistics\r\n\r\nTaylor, John Edwards. \"Manchester Guardian.\" The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 23 1897. Pg.6. Web. 7 Nov 2012. -- Periodical link from wikipedia\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wrCwl4SYVCM\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wrCwl4SYVCM</a> – 2008 performance','TCP-3 Puccini\'s La Boheme','','publish','open','open','','tcp-3-puccinis-la-boheme','','','2012-11-11 10:44:50','2012-11-11 16:44:50','',0,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2759',0,'post','',6),(2760,61,'2012-10-15 20:59:54','2012-10-16 02:59:54','','TCP 2','','inherit','open','open','','tcp-2','','','2012-10-15 20:59:54','2012-10-16 02:59:54','',2473,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/TCP-2.docx',0,'attachment','application/msword',0),(2762,62,'2012-10-15 21:16:51','2012-10-16 03:16:51','<p dir=\"ltr\">Primavera, from The Four Seasons by Antonio Vivaldi</p>\r\n<strong><strong>Michael Brandon Seals\r\nJ. Lauer, Huma 1302 12:00 p.m.- 1:20 p. m.\r\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Arcimboldo_Giuseppe__Spring_1563_oil_on_wood_Real_Academia_de_Bellas_Artes_de_San_Fernando_Madrid1.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2766 aligncenter\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Arcimboldo_Giuseppe__Spring_1563_oil_on_wood_Real_Academia_de_Bellas_Artes_de_San_Fernando_Madrid1-249x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"249\" height=\"300\" /></a>\r\n</strong></strong>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" dir=\"ltr\">Spring (1573) By Giuseppe Arcimboldo</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/tisselly/6159729217/\">http://www.flickr.com/photos/tisselly/6159729217/</a></p>\r\n<strong>\r\nThe Primavera (translated as springtime in italian) is a concerto from Vivaldi’s The Four Seasons, and just might be one of the most recognized pieces of classical music of the modern day, and whether you know it by name or melody, it has come to epitomise the Baroque style as well as providing insight as to the popular musical taste and technology of the era. Since it’s debut it has become a benchmark not only of baroque music but as well as to what defines a concerto in general, and for this reason it deserves to be preserved for generations to come.<!--more--></strong>\r\n\r\nIt was during the beginnings of the eighteenth century as early keyboard type instruments such as the harpsichord and fortepiano began to evolve into the piano, and as the renaissance harmonies gradually gave way to the baroque concertos, many were seeking to expand and order the music of their time as well as experiment and distance themselves from the classical voice accompaniments and harmonies that came to define the renaissance period. Music styles began to change during this time and this work in particular seems to stand out from its peers, as well as attempt to define the culture and style of the era. In order to better understand the work, lets first set out to define the vernacular with which we can discuss, objectify and articulate the merits of Primavera in a proper and technical sense. A concerto is defined by Merriam-Webster as: “a piece for one or more soloists and orchestra with three contrasting movements” the contrast being the variations in tempos between the three. The Baroque period in music can be characterised by a general increase in complexity from previous era’s music as well as an increase in the popularity of keyboard instruments and the violin. (Sienna, Music and Drama) The baroque also became to be defined by its concertos, just as works of the renaissance era were epitomised by their harmonious choruses.  It was during the early and middle parts of the 1700’s, as concertos became more prevalent and as concert music became to be favored to dance music and opera, that the concerto began to be seen as a “proper” form of composition.\r\n\r\nVivaldi has the distinction of being popular and well received in his own time, and owing to the newness of the form during this time there were no set guidelines as to what made up a concerto, “but by the time vivaldi finished the more than 500 concertos attributed to him a standard form had emerged that many other composers would imitate” (Sienna, Music and Drama) this being said Primavera as well as Vivaldis other concertos would become a footprint to the transition from renaissance classic to baroque, the benchmark for what defines a concerto and a paradigm that has inspired countless works to date.\r\n\r\nThe first modern recording of Primavera is believed to be from an acetate of a french radio broadcast dated 1939 (Pearl) and since having a confirmed total of only two as of 1952 to over 1,000 different recordings in 2011(unable to officially confirm). It has received numerous awards and acknowledgements including the French Grand Prix du Disque in 1950, as well as a Grammy hall of Fame in 2002. However no other merit  this work has received does better to illustrate the importance, monumentality and symbology that echos so evidently throughout the piece, than the prestigious National Recording Registry Award from the Library of Congress, awarded in  2003, this very prestigious award recognizes great works that need to be championed and preserved . Unfortunately the one piece of knowledge I was unable to ascertain from my research was why the piece has been played at every fancy dinner and wedding I have ever attended regardless of season.\r\n\r\nIf we were to compare Primavera, to another work that focuses on the subject of springtime, however this time from the visual spectrum. I am speaking of the work of  Italian painter Giuseppe Arcimboldo. Giuseppe set out to capture the essences of the earth\'s seasons with his unique style of portrait painting, “growing” the composition entirely out of painted images of fruit, flowers, vegetables and other organic matter. In his painting entitled “Spring” (See picture at beginning of essay) we see the profile of a man from the chest up, and from his neck down he is composed of various foliage, grasses and vines, the puffy collars as were the style of the time are painted of sunflowers with the flesh being composed of roses and capped by a large bushy growth of popori-like flowers, the whole composition is framed in a wreath of springtime greenery, epitomizing what the painter thought of the essence of springtime. If we compare this work to Primavera we find that both works, in trying to capture “spring”, have instilled a general light and earthy feeling through the work and both seem to imbue the beholder with an overall feeling of carefreeness. However, if I had to use these works in a constructive way such as to convince or teach someone who had no concept of springtime. I feel that Primavera would be the better tool for communication due to the fact that instrumental music doesn\'t have a language barrier to cross. Where I feel like the visual medium is great at conveying knowledge and meaning it does not compare to the way music can impress a thought or emotion. Whereas the painting is dense with clues and themes of spring, Primavera is a clear and carefree composition on what the composer believed epitomised springtime and springtime activities.\r\n\r\nPersonally my reaction to the work at first was that of a familiar melody, especially as to how most of us have probably heard Primavera at least 100 times by this point in our lives, however as I delved deeper into the composition and began to look at it in its historical context, the work began to intrigue me, not only due to it\'s innovative nature as a concerto and influencing countless modern composers, but also in providing a look into the historic music instruments of the time. In the process of researching this paper I learned much about the advent of the keyboard and piano, which in turn made me think about the nature of music and culture in general and it reinforced the feeling that music and art, no matter which era, constantly seeks to define and reinvent itself. I was also not previously aware of the variation and progress music has had since the time of the Renaissance.\r\n\r\nPrimavera, being one of the best-known pieces of popular Baroque music as well as being a staple of violin concerto curriculum to the present day, it epitomises the era and renders a rare audible glimpse into a world hundreds of years old, when the new ideas, technologies and cultures we take for granted were still in their infancy. Primavera has much to teach us of the composers and music of times long past as well as having the ability of influence generations of great composers to come. The preservation of this lovely baroque concerto is of tantamount importance if we are to preserve any of our past for the future to learn from.\r\n\r\nArcimboldo,Giuseppe. Spring. 1573. Oil on canvas. Madrid.\r\n\r\nFiero. <a href=\"http://connect.mcgraw-hill.com/connect/hmEBook.do?setTab=sectionTabs\">The Humanistic Tradition Vol 2</a>, 6th ed.\r\n\r\n\"The Four Seasons (Vivaldi)\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.  11 October 2012 at 15:10. Web. 14 Oct. 2012.\r\n\r\nKimball, Carol, mezzo-soprano. Song: A Guide to Art Song Style and Literature. Milwaukee, WI. : Hal Leonard, 2006, c2005.\r\n\r\nKapilow, Robert. What Makes it Great? : Short Masterpieces, Great Composers.\r\nHoboken, N.J. : Wiley, c2011.\r\n\r\nThe New Grove Italian Baroque Masters : Monteverdi, Vivaldi, D. Scarlatti.\r\nNew York : W.W. Norton 1984. ( Author was not listed)\r\n\r\nPearl, GEMM #9151 CD\r\n(contains earliest known primavera recording, unable to verify)\r\n\r\nWood, Sienna. Music and Drama\r\nTheme and variations: New Perspectives in Musical History\r\n<a href=\"http://www.siennasguidetomusic.com/Topics/drama.html\">http://www.siennasguidetomusic.com/Topics/drama.html</a>\r\n\r\nHarrison, John -Violin / Turizziani,Robert -Conductor. Concerto No. 1 in E major, Op. 8, RV 269, \"La primavera\" (Spring). 6 February 2000. <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wichita_State_University\">Wichita State University</a>.\r\n<a href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:01_-_Vivaldi_Spring_mvt_1_Allegro_-_John_Harrison_violin.ogg\">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:01_-_Vivaldi_Spring_mvt_1_Allegro_-_John_Harrison_violin.ogg</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Primavera, from the Four Seasons.','','publish','open','open','','primavera-from-the-four-seasons','','','2012-10-16 08:50:50','2012-10-16 14:50:50','',0,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2762',0,'post','',10),(2763,61,'2012-10-15 21:11:13','2012-10-16 03:11:13','AUSTIN COMMUNITY COLLEGE\nTCP-2 DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE\nJ. Lauer – 1302 – 207 # 13622\nPHILIP ROBINSON\n10/14/2012\n\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Declaration-of-Independence-Mouse-Pad1.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-2761\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Declaration-of-Independence-Mouse-Pad1-889x1024.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"889\" height=\"1024\" /></a>\n\nAs you are by now well aware, the purpose of this project is to discuss the merits or flaws in the decision to keep a particular piece of art in the time capsule. My opinion is that the pieces we collect will provide an understanding and appreciation of the past. For this paper my intent is to enlighten those that may not already know or agree that the Declaration of Independence should have a place in the capsule, so that future generations will be mindful of our mistakes, and inspired by our greatness.\nPenned By Thomas Jefferson in 1776, and signed by 55 others gentlemen on the fourth day of July that same year was influenced by present and not so present men. (web)After the printing press came to be Thomas Paine’s, “Common Sense” sells 150,000 copies in the first few weeks after publishing argues that Independence is the true course of free people, and a “natural right.” (“history.com”) There is another work that I believe to be similar that may have had an impact on Jefferson as he was writing the Declaration of Independence, and that work is the “The Second Treatise on Civil Government” by John Locke. “Most agree that the natural rights philosophy of English philosopher JOHN LOCKE greatly influenced Jefferson’s composition of the Declaration. In particular, Locke advanced the ideas that a just government derives its legitimacy and power from the consent of the governed, that people possess inalienable rights Page 390 that no legitimate government may take away, and that the people have the right and duty to overthrow a government that violates their rights. Jefferson also paralleled Locke in his identification of three major rights—the rights to “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness”—though the last of his three is a change from Locke’s right to “property.”(“Declaration of Independence”)(“Locke”)\n“ In March 1776, North Carolina\'s revolutionary convention became the first to vote in favor of independence; seven other colonies had followed suit by mid-May. On June 7, the Virginia delegate Richard Henry Lee introduced a motion calling for the colonies\' independence before the Continental Congress when it met at the Pennsylvania State House (later Independence Hall) in Philadelphia. Amid heated debate, Congress postponed the vote on Lee\'s resolution and called a recess for several weeks. Before departing, however, the delegates also appointed a five-man committee--including Thomas Jefferson of Virginia, John Adams of Massachusetts, Roger Sherman of Connecticut, Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania and Robert R. Livingston of New York--to draft a formal statement justifying the break with Great Britain. That document would become known as the Declaration of Independence.”(“history.com”)\nThe part that I find unusual is that almost never happened, as at this time in the colonies most of the populace was focused on subject’s rights under the crown. The revolution was at full tilt by the following summer when resistance had grown to the point of forcing a Continental Congress to vote. In mid-June 1776, a five-man committee including Thomas Jefferson, John Adams and Benjamin Franklin was tasked with drafting a formal statement of the colonies\' intentions. The Congress formally adopted the Declaration of Independence--written largely by Jefferson--in Philadelphia on July 4, a date now celebrated as the birth of American independence.\n\nWhen looking at how this work was received in the past, we must first declare the audience. If the audience is King George III, then one can pretty much say that he was infuriated by these upstarts. If one is referring to the educated populace of the colonies, then separating from British control was thought radical in thought or action until the King attempted to crush the rebellion. If one is referring to the simple folk that are struggling enough just to live, then all you want is for life to be better. However when push comes to shove and the King orders the enlargement of the Army and navy, even the conservative’s abandons hope of reconciliation. (history.com) Apparently there were some members of the colonies that doubted this well crafted document was original, and some years afterward Jefferson responded with the following.\n[n]ot to find out new principles or new arguments, never before thought of, not merely to say things which had never been said before; but to place before mankind the common sense of the subject, in terms so plain and firm as to command their assent, and to justify ourselves in the independent stand we are compelled to take. Neither aiming at originality of principle or sentiment, nor yet copied from any particular and previous writing, it was intended to be an expression of the American mind, and to give to that expression the proper tone and spirit called for by the occasion.(history.com)\n\nWhen looking at how the Declaration of Independence is viewed today, once again we must clarify who the audience is to accurately relay how the Declaration of Independence is received. If one is part of the elite and part of the military industrial corporate governmental conglomerate that is running the country, you would be doing your best to distract and dumb down your populace enough to not understand the Declaration. If you are part of this great nation that believes in the Declaration, our Constitution, and our Bill of Rights; then you are looking closely at the form and procedure of the Declaration. As an enlightened individual, I am horrified by what I see as the shredding of the founding documents of this nation by those that we placed as guides for our populace. If you are an ignorant sheep that blindly follows what you are told, then all you want is for life to be better.\n\nIn my opinion the Declaration of Independence is the quintessential piece that defines by demonstration the path a society should take in severing itself from its tyrannical leadership. One can easily follow the rhetorical elements that are artfully expressed throughout this document. The path from having valid issues, to citing their grievances, and finally to stating their ultimatum are well penned. I believe that the most important reason for this Document to be in the time capsule for future generations is this is one of the strongest examples of how a populace regains its freedom from the people that were put in power by the populace after they run amuck. This document also serves as a reminder for our populace that there is a duty in citizenship.\n\nWorks Cited\n\"Declaration of Independence.\" Gale Encyclopedia of American Law. Ed. Donna Batten. 3rd ed. Vol. 3. Detroit: Gale, 2010. 388-390. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\nDocument URL\nhttp://go.galegroup.com.lsproxy.austincc.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX1337701301&amp;v=2.1&amp;u=txshracd2487&amp;it=r&amp;p=GVRL&amp;sw=w\n\n\"Declaration of Independence.\" History.com. A&amp;E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 15 Oct 2012. .\n\nLocke, John. \"Second Treatise of Civil Government.\" Essay Concerning the true original, extend, and end of Civil Government n.pag. James. Web. 15 Oct 2012. . – Database I found of works converted to html.','The Declaration of Independence','','inherit','open','open','','2473-revision-2','','','2012-10-15 21:11:13','2012-10-16 03:11:13','',2473,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2763',0,'revision','',0),(2764,62,'2012-10-15 21:12:18','2012-10-16 03:12:18','','TCP2 (3)','','inherit','open','open','','tcp2-3','','','2012-10-15 21:12:18','2012-10-16 03:12:18','',2762,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/TCP2-3.pdf',0,'attachment','application/pdf',0),(2765,62,'2012-10-15 21:13:48','2012-10-16 03:13:48','','Arcimboldo,_Giuseppe_~_Spring,_1563,_oil_on_wood,_Real_Academia_de_Bellas_Artes_de_San_Fernando,_Madrid','','inherit','open','open','','arcimboldo_giuseppe__spring_1563_oil_on_wood_real_academia_de_bellas_artes_de_san_fernando_madrid','','','2012-10-15 21:13:48','2012-10-16 03:13:48','',2762,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Arcimboldo_Giuseppe__Spring_1563_oil_on_wood_Real_Academia_de_Bellas_Artes_de_San_Fernando_Madrid.jpg',0,'attachment','image/jpeg',0),(2766,62,'2012-10-15 21:14:51','2012-10-16 03:14:51','','Arcimboldo,_Giuseppe_~_Spring,_1563,_oil_on_wood,_Real_Academia_de_Bellas_Artes_de_San_Fernando,_Madrid','','inherit','open','open','','arcimboldo_giuseppe__spring_1563_oil_on_wood_real_academia_de_bellas_artes_de_san_fernando_madrid-2','','','2012-10-15 21:14:51','2012-10-16 03:14:51','',2762,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Arcimboldo_Giuseppe__Spring_1563_oil_on_wood_Real_Academia_de_Bellas_Artes_de_San_Fernando_Madrid1.jpg',0,'attachment','image/jpeg',0),(2767,62,'2012-10-15 21:14:30','2012-10-16 03:14:30','<p dir=\"ltr\">Primavera, from The Four Seasons by Antonio Vivaldi</p>\n<strong><strong>Michael Brandon Seals\nJ. Lauer, Huma 1302 12:00 p.m.- 1:20 p. m.\n\n</strong></strong>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Spring (1573) By Giuseppe Arcimboldo</p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/tisselly/6159729217/\">http://www.flickr.com/photos/tisselly/6159729217/</a></p>\n<strong>\nThe Primavera (translated as springtime in italian) is a concerto from Vivaldi’s The Four Seasons, and just might be one of the most recognized pieces of classical music of the modern day, and whether you know it by name or melody, it has come to epitomise the Baroque style as well as providing insight as to the popular musical taste and technology of the era. Since it’s debut it has become a benchmark not only of baroque music but as well as to what defines a concerto in general, and for this reason it deserves to be preserved for generations to come.\n\nIt was during the beginnings of the eighteenth century as early keyboard type instruments such as the harpsichord and fortepiano began to evolve into the piano, and as the renaissance harmonies gradually gave way to the baroque concertos, many were seeking to expand and order the music of their time as well as experiment and distance themselves from the classical voice accompaniments and harmonies that came to define the renaissance period. Music styles began to change during this time and this work in particular seems to stand out from its peers, as well as attempt to define the culture and style of the era. In order to better understand the work, lets first set out to define the vernacular with which we can discuss, objectify and articulate the merits of Primavera in a proper and technical sense. A concerto is defined by Merriam-Webster as: “a piece for one or more soloists and orchestra with three contrasting movements” the contrast being the variations in tempos between the three. The Baroque period in music can be characterised by a general increase in complexity from previous era’s music as well as an increase in the popularity of keyboard instruments and the violin. (Sienna, Music and Drama) The baroque also became to be defined by its concertos, just as works of the renaissance era were epitomised by their harmonious choruses.  It was during the early and middle parts of the 1700’s, as concertos became more prevalent and as concert music became to be favored to dance music and opera, that the concerto began to be seen as a “proper” form of composition.\n\nVivaldi has the distinction of being popular and well received in his own time, and owing to the newness of the form during this time there were no set guidelines as to what made up a concerto, “but by the time vivaldi finished the more than 500 concertos attributed to him a standard form had emerged that many other composers would imitate” (Sienna, Music and Drama) this being said Primavera as well as Vivaldis other concertos would become a footprint to the transition from renaissance classic to baroque, the benchmark for what defines a concerto and a paradigm that has inspired countless works to date.\n\nThe first modern recording of Primavera is believed to be from an acetate of a french radio broadcast dated 1939 (Pearl) and since having a confirmed total of only two as of 1952 to over 1,000 different recordings in 2011(unable to officially confirm). It has received numerous awards and acknowledgements including the French Grand Prix du Disque in 1950, as well as a Grammy hall of Fame in 2002. However no other merit  this work has received does better to illustrate the importance, monumentality and symbology that echos so evidently throughout the piece, than the prestigious National Recording Registry Award from the Library of Congress, awarded in  2003, this very prestigious award recognizes great works that need to be championed and preserved . Unfortunately the one piece of knowledge I was unable to ascertain from my research was why the piece has been played at every fancy dinner and wedding I have ever attended regardless of season.\n\nIf we were to compare Primavera, to another work that focuses on the subject of springtime, however this time from the visual spectrum. I am speaking of the work of  Italian painter Giuseppe Arcimboldo. Giuseppe set out to capture the essences of the earth\'s seasons with his unique style of portrait painting, “growing” the composition entirely out of painted images of fruit, flowers, vegetables and other organic matter. In his painting entitled “Spring” (See picture at beginning of essay) we see the profile of a man from the chest up, and from his neck down he is composed of various foliage, grasses and vines, the puffy collars as were the style of the time are painted of sunflowers with the flesh being composed of roses and capped by a large bushy growth of popori-like flowers, the whole composition is framed in a wreath of springtime greenery, epitomizing what the painter thought of the essence of springtime. If we compare this work to Primavera we find that both works, in trying to capture “spring”, have instilled a general light and earthy feeling through the work and both seem to imbue the beholder with an overall feeling of carefreeness. However, if I had to use these works in a constructive way such as to convince or teach someone who had no concept of springtime. I feel that Primavera would be the better tool for communication due to the fact that instrumental music doesn\'t have a language barrier to cross. Where I feel like the visual medium is great at conveying knowledge and meaning it does not compare to the way music can impress a thought or emotion. Whereas the painting is dense with clues and themes of spring, Primavera is a clear and carefree composition on what the composer believed epitomised springtime and springtime activities.\n\nPersonally my reaction to the work at first was that of a familiar melody, especially as to how most of us have probably heard Primavera at least 100 times by this point in our lives, however as I delved deeper into the composition and began to look at it in its historical context, the work began to intrigue me, not only due to it\'s innovative nature as a concerto and influencing countless modern composers, but also in providing a look into the historic music instruments of the time. In the process of researching this paper I learned much about the advent of the keyboard and piano, which in turn made me think about the nature of music and culture in general and it reinforced the feeling that music and art, no matter which era, constantly seeks to define and reinvent itself. I was also not previously aware of the variation and progress music has had since the time of the Renaissance.\n\nPrimavera, being one of the best-known pieces of popular Baroque music as well as being a staple of violin concerto curriculum to the present day, it epitomises the era and renders a rare audible glimpse into a world hundreds of years old, when the new ideas, technologies and cultures we take for granted were still in their infancy. Primavera has much to teach us of the composers and music of times long past as well as having the ability of influence generations of great composers to come. The preservation of this lovely baroque concerto is of tantamount importance if we are to preserve any of our past for the future to learn from.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nArcimboldo,Giuseppe. Spring. 1573. Oil on canvas. Madrid.\n\n\nFiero. <a href=\"http://connect.mcgraw-hill.com/connect/hmEBook.do?setTab=sectionTabs\">The Humanistic Tradition Vol 2</a>, 6th ed.\n\n\"The Four Seasons (Vivaldi)\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.  11 October 2012 at 15:10. Web. 14 Oct. 2012.\n\nKimball, Carol, mezzo-soprano. Song: A Guide to Art Song Style and Literature. Milwaukee, WI. : Hal Leonard, 2006, c2005.\n\n\nKapilow, Robert. What Makes it Great? : Short Masterpieces, Great Composers.\nHoboken, N.J. : Wiley, c2011.\n\n\nThe New Grove Italian Baroque Masters : Monteverdi, Vivaldi, D. Scarlatti.\nNew York : W.W. Norton 1984. ( Author was not listed)\n\n\nPearl, GEMM #9151 CD\n(contains earliest known primavera recording, unable to verify)\n\n\nWood, Sienna. Music and Drama\nTheme and variations: New Perspectives in Musical History\n<a href=\"http://www.siennasguidetomusic.com/Topics/drama.html\">http://www.siennasguidetomusic.com/Topics/drama.html</a>\n\n\nHarrison, John -Violin / Turizziani,Robert -Conductor. Concerto No. 1 in E major, Op. 8, RV 269, \"La primavera\" (Spring). 6 February 2000. <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wichita_State_University\">Wichita State University</a>.\n<a href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:01_-_Vivaldi_Spring_mvt_1_Allegro_-_John_Harrison_violin.ogg\">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:01_-_Vivaldi_Spring_mvt_1_Allegro_-_John_Harrison_violin.ogg</a>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</strong>','Primavera, from the Four Seasons.','','inherit','open','open','','2762-revision','','','2012-10-15 21:14:30','2012-10-16 03:14:30','',2762,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2767',0,'revision','',0),(2768,62,'2012-10-15 21:15:30','2012-10-16 03:15:30','<p dir=\"ltr\">Primavera, from The Four Seasons by Antonio Vivaldi</p>\n<strong><strong>Michael Brandon Seals\nJ. Lauer, Huma 1302 12:00 p.m.- 1:20 p. m.\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Arcimboldo_Giuseppe__Spring_1563_oil_on_wood_Real_Academia_de_Bellas_Artes_de_San_Fernando_Madrid1.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2766\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Arcimboldo_Giuseppe__Spring_1563_oil_on_wood_Real_Academia_de_Bellas_Artes_de_San_Fernando_Madrid1-249x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"249\" height=\"300\" /></a>\n</strong></strong>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Spring (1573) By Giuseppe Arcimboldo</p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/tisselly/6159729217/\">http://www.flickr.com/photos/tisselly/6159729217/</a></p>\n<strong>\nThe Primavera (translated as springtime in italian) is a concerto from Vivaldi’s The Four Seasons, and just might be one of the most recognized pieces of classical music of the modern day, and whether you know it by name or melody, it has come to epitomise the Baroque style as well as providing insight as to the popular musical taste and technology of the era. Since it’s debut it has become a benchmark not only of baroque music but as well as to what defines a concerto in general, and for this reason it deserves to be preserved for generations to come.\n\nIt was during the beginnings of the eighteenth century as early keyboard type instruments such as the harpsichord and fortepiano began to evolve into the piano, and as the renaissance harmonies gradually gave way to the baroque concertos, many were seeking to expand and order the music of their time as well as experiment and distance themselves from the classical voice accompaniments and harmonies that came to define the renaissance period. Music styles began to change during this time and this work in particular seems to stand out from its peers, as well as attempt to define the culture and style of the era. In order to better understand the work, lets first set out to define the vernacular with which we can discuss, objectify and articulate the merits of Primavera in a proper and technical sense. A concerto is defined by Merriam-Webster as: “a piece for one or more soloists and orchestra with three contrasting movements” the contrast being the variations in tempos between the three. The Baroque period in music can be characterised by a general increase in complexity from previous era’s music as well as an increase in the popularity of keyboard instruments and the violin. (Sienna, Music and Drama) The baroque also became to be defined by its concertos, just as works of the renaissance era were epitomised by their harmonious choruses.  It was during the early and middle parts of the 1700’s, as concertos became more prevalent and as concert music became to be favored to dance music and opera, that the concerto began to be seen as a “proper” form of composition.\n\nVivaldi has the distinction of being popular and well received in his own time, and owing to the newness of the form during this time there were no set guidelines as to what made up a concerto, “but by the time vivaldi finished the more than 500 concertos attributed to him a standard form had emerged that many other composers would imitate” (Sienna, Music and Drama) this being said Primavera as well as Vivaldis other concertos would become a footprint to the transition from renaissance classic to baroque, the benchmark for what defines a concerto and a paradigm that has inspired countless works to date.\n\nThe first modern recording of Primavera is believed to be from an acetate of a french radio broadcast dated 1939 (Pearl) and since having a confirmed total of only two as of 1952 to over 1,000 different recordings in 2011(unable to officially confirm). It has received numerous awards and acknowledgements including the French Grand Prix du Disque in 1950, as well as a Grammy hall of Fame in 2002. However no other merit  this work has received does better to illustrate the importance, monumentality and symbology that echos so evidently throughout the piece, than the prestigious National Recording Registry Award from the Library of Congress, awarded in  2003, this very prestigious award recognizes great works that need to be championed and preserved . Unfortunately the one piece of knowledge I was unable to ascertain from my research was why the piece has been played at every fancy dinner and wedding I have ever attended regardless of season.\n\nIf we were to compare Primavera, to another work that focuses on the subject of springtime, however this time from the visual spectrum. I am speaking of the work of  Italian painter Giuseppe Arcimboldo. Giuseppe set out to capture the essences of the earth\'s seasons with his unique style of portrait painting, “growing” the composition entirely out of painted images of fruit, flowers, vegetables and other organic matter. In his painting entitled “Spring” (See picture at beginning of essay) we see the profile of a man from the chest up, and from his neck down he is composed of various foliage, grasses and vines, the puffy collars as were the style of the time are painted of sunflowers with the flesh being composed of roses and capped by a large bushy growth of popori-like flowers, the whole composition is framed in a wreath of springtime greenery, epitomizing what the painter thought of the essence of springtime. If we compare this work to Primavera we find that both works, in trying to capture “spring”, have instilled a general light and earthy feeling through the work and both seem to imbue the beholder with an overall feeling of carefreeness. However, if I had to use these works in a constructive way such as to convince or teach someone who had no concept of springtime. I feel that Primavera would be the better tool for communication due to the fact that instrumental music doesn\'t have a language barrier to cross. Where I feel like the visual medium is great at conveying knowledge and meaning it does not compare to the way music can impress a thought or emotion. Whereas the painting is dense with clues and themes of spring, Primavera is a clear and carefree composition on what the composer believed epitomised springtime and springtime activities.\n\nPersonally my reaction to the work at first was that of a familiar melody, especially as to how most of us have probably heard Primavera at least 100 times by this point in our lives, however as I delved deeper into the composition and began to look at it in its historical context, the work began to intrigue me, not only due to it\'s innovative nature as a concerto and influencing countless modern composers, but also in providing a look into the historic music instruments of the time. In the process of researching this paper I learned much about the advent of the keyboard and piano, which in turn made me think about the nature of music and culture in general and it reinforced the feeling that music and art, no matter which era, constantly seeks to define and reinvent itself. I was also not previously aware of the variation and progress music has had since the time of the Renaissance.\n\nPrimavera, being one of the best-known pieces of popular Baroque music as well as being a staple of violin concerto curriculum to the present day, it epitomises the era and renders a rare audible glimpse into a world hundreds of years old, when the new ideas, technologies and cultures we take for granted were still in their infancy. Primavera has much to teach us of the composers and music of times long past as well as having the ability of influence generations of great composers to come. The preservation of this lovely baroque concerto is of tantamount importance if we are to preserve any of our past for the future to learn from.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nArcimboldo,Giuseppe. Spring. 1573. Oil on canvas. Madrid.\n\n\nFiero. <a href=\"http://connect.mcgraw-hill.com/connect/hmEBook.do?setTab=sectionTabs\">The Humanistic Tradition Vol 2</a>, 6th ed.\n\n\"The Four Seasons (Vivaldi)\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.  11 October 2012 at 15:10. Web. 14 Oct. 2012.\n\nKimball, Carol, mezzo-soprano. Song: A Guide to Art Song Style and Literature. Milwaukee, WI. : Hal Leonard, 2006, c2005.\n\n\nKapilow, Robert. What Makes it Great? : Short Masterpieces, Great Composers.\nHoboken, N.J. : Wiley, c2011.\n\n\nThe New Grove Italian Baroque Masters : Monteverdi, Vivaldi, D. Scarlatti.\nNew York : W.W. Norton 1984. ( Author was not listed)\n\n\nPearl, GEMM #9151 CD\n(contains earliest known primavera recording, unable to verify)\n\n\nWood, Sienna. Music and Drama\nTheme and variations: New Perspectives in Musical History\n<a href=\"http://www.siennasguidetomusic.com/Topics/drama.html\">http://www.siennasguidetomusic.com/Topics/drama.html</a>\n\n\nHarrison, John -Violin / Turizziani,Robert -Conductor. Concerto No. 1 in E major, Op. 8, RV 269, \"La primavera\" (Spring). 6 February 2000. <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wichita_State_University\">Wichita State University</a>.\n<a href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:01_-_Vivaldi_Spring_mvt_1_Allegro_-_John_Harrison_violin.ogg\">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:01_-_Vivaldi_Spring_mvt_1_Allegro_-_John_Harrison_violin.ogg</a>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n</strong>','Primavera, from the Four Seasons.','','inherit','open','open','','2762-revision-2','','','2012-10-15 21:15:30','2012-10-16 03:15:30','',2762,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2768',0,'revision','',0),(2770,62,'2012-10-15 21:17:52','2012-10-16 03:17:52','<p dir=\"ltr\">Primavera, from The Four Seasons by Antonio Vivaldi</p>\n<strong><strong>Michael Brandon Seals\nJ. Lauer, Huma 1302 12:00 p.m.- 1:20 p. m.\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Arcimboldo_Giuseppe__Spring_1563_oil_on_wood_Real_Academia_de_Bellas_Artes_de_San_Fernando_Madrid1.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2766\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Arcimboldo_Giuseppe__Spring_1563_oil_on_wood_Real_Academia_de_Bellas_Artes_de_San_Fernando_Madrid1-249x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"249\" height=\"300\" /></a>\n</strong></strong>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Spring (1573) By Giuseppe Arcimboldo</p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/tisselly/6159729217/\">http://www.flickr.com/photos/tisselly/6159729217/</a></p>\n<strong>\nThe Primavera (translated as springtime in italian) is a concerto from Vivaldi’s The Four Seasons, and just might be one of the most recognized pieces of classical music of the modern day, and whether you know it by name or melody, it has come to epitomise the Baroque style as well as providing insight as to the popular musical taste and technology of the era. Since it’s debut it has become a benchmark not only of baroque music but as well as to what defines a concerto in general, and for this reason it deserves to be preserved for generations to come.</strong>\n\nIt was during the beginnings of the eighteenth century as early keyboard type instruments such as the harpsichord and fortepiano began to evolve into the piano, and as the renaissance harmonies gradually gave way to the baroque concertos, many were seeking to expand and order the music of their time as well as experiment and distance themselves from the classical voice accompaniments and harmonies that came to define the renaissance period. Music styles began to change during this time and this work in particular seems to stand out from its peers, as well as attempt to define the culture and style of the era. In order to better understand the work, lets first set out to define the vernacular with which we can discuss, objectify and articulate the merits of Primavera in a proper and technical sense. A concerto is defined by Merriam-Webster as: “a piece for one or more soloists and orchestra with three contrasting movements” the contrast being the variations in tempos between the three. The Baroque period in music can be characterised by a general increase in complexity from previous era’s music as well as an increase in the popularity of keyboard instruments and the violin. (Sienna, Music and Drama) The baroque also became to be defined by its concertos, just as works of the renaissance era were epitomised by their harmonious choruses.  It was during the early and middle parts of the 1700’s, as concertos became more prevalent and as concert music became to be favored to dance music and opera, that the concerto began to be seen as a “proper” form of composition.\n\nVivaldi has the distinction of being popular and well received in his own time, and owing to the newness of the form during this time there were no set guidelines as to what made up a concerto, “but by the time vivaldi finished the more than 500 concertos attributed to him a standard form had emerged that many other composers would imitate” (Sienna, Music and Drama) this being said Primavera as well as Vivaldis other concertos would become a footprint to the transition from renaissance classic to baroque, the benchmark for what defines a concerto and a paradigm that has inspired countless works to date.\n\nThe first modern recording of Primavera is believed to be from an acetate of a french radio broadcast dated 1939 (Pearl) and since having a confirmed total of only two as of 1952 to over 1,000 different recordings in 2011(unable to officially confirm). It has received numerous awards and acknowledgements including the French Grand Prix du Disque in 1950, as well as a Grammy hall of Fame in 2002. However no other merit  this work has received does better to illustrate the importance, monumentality and symbology that echos so evidently throughout the piece, than the prestigious National Recording Registry Award from the Library of Congress, awarded in  2003, this very prestigious award recognizes great works that need to be championed and preserved . Unfortunately the one piece of knowledge I was unable to ascertain from my research was why the piece has been played at every fancy dinner and wedding I have ever attended regardless of season.\n\nIf we were to compare Primavera, to another work that focuses on the subject of springtime, however this time from the visual spectrum. I am speaking of the work of  Italian painter Giuseppe Arcimboldo. Giuseppe set out to capture the essences of the earth\'s seasons with his unique style of portrait painting, “growing” the composition entirely out of painted images of fruit, flowers, vegetables and other organic matter. In his painting entitled “Spring” (See picture at beginning of essay) we see the profile of a man from the chest up, and from his neck down he is composed of various foliage, grasses and vines, the puffy collars as were the style of the time are painted of sunflowers with the flesh being composed of roses and capped by a large bushy growth of popori-like flowers, the whole composition is framed in a wreath of springtime greenery, epitomizing what the painter thought of the essence of springtime. If we compare this work to Primavera we find that both works, in trying to capture “spring”, have instilled a general light and earthy feeling through the work and both seem to imbue the beholder with an overall feeling of carefreeness. However, if I had to use these works in a constructive way such as to convince or teach someone who had no concept of springtime. I feel that Primavera would be the better tool for communication due to the fact that instrumental music doesn\'t have a language barrier to cross. Where I feel like the visual medium is great at conveying knowledge and meaning it does not compare to the way music can impress a thought or emotion. Whereas the painting is dense with clues and themes of spring, Primavera is a clear and carefree composition on what the composer believed epitomised springtime and springtime activities.\n\nPersonally my reaction to the work at first was that of a familiar melody, especially as to how most of us have probably heard Primavera at least 100 times by this point in our lives, however as I delved deeper into the composition and began to look at it in its historical context, the work began to intrigue me, not only due to it\'s innovative nature as a concerto and influencing countless modern composers, but also in providing a look into the historic music instruments of the time. In the process of researching this paper I learned much about the advent of the keyboard and piano, which in turn made me think about the nature of music and culture in general and it reinforced the feeling that music and art, no matter which era, constantly seeks to define and reinvent itself. I was also not previously aware of the variation and progress music has had since the time of the Renaissance.\n\nPrimavera, being one of the best-known pieces of popular Baroque music as well as being a staple of violin concerto curriculum to the present day, it epitomises the era and renders a rare audible glimpse into a world hundreds of years old, when the new ideas, technologies and cultures we take for granted were still in their infancy. Primavera has much to teach us of the composers and music of times long past as well as having the ability of influence generations of great composers to come. The preservation of this lovely baroque concerto is of tantamount importance if we are to preserve any of our past for the future to learn from.\n\nArcimboldo,Giuseppe. Spring. 1573. Oil on canvas. Madrid.\n\nFiero. <a href=\"http://connect.mcgraw-hill.com/connect/hmEBook.do?setTab=sectionTabs\">The Humanistic Tradition Vol 2</a>, 6th ed.\n\n\"The Four Seasons (Vivaldi)\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.  11 October 2012 at 15:10. Web. 14 Oct. 2012.\n\nKimball, Carol, mezzo-soprano. Song: A Guide to Art Song Style and Literature. Milwaukee, WI. : Hal Leonard, 2006, c2005.\n\nKapilow, Robert. What Makes it Great? : Short Masterpieces, Great Composers.\nHoboken, N.J. : Wiley, c2011.\n\nThe New Grove Italian Baroque Masters : Monteverdi, Vivaldi, D. Scarlatti.\nNew York : W.W. Norton 1984. ( Author was not listed)\n\nPearl, GEMM #9151 CD\n(contains earliest known primavera recording, unable to verify)\n\nWood, Sienna. Music and Drama\nTheme and variations: New Perspectives in Musical History\n<a href=\"http://www.siennasguidetomusic.com/Topics/drama.html\">http://www.siennasguidetomusic.com/Topics/drama.html</a>\n\nHarrison, John -Violin / Turizziani,Robert -Conductor. Concerto No. 1 in E major, Op. 8, RV 269, \"La primavera\" (Spring). 6 February 2000. <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wichita_State_University\">Wichita State University</a>.\n<a href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:01_-_Vivaldi_Spring_mvt_1_Allegro_-_John_Harrison_violin.ogg\">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:01_-_Vivaldi_Spring_mvt_1_Allegro_-_John_Harrison_violin.ogg</a>\n\n&nbsp;','Primavera, from the Four Seasons.','','inherit','open','open','','2762-autosave','','','2012-10-15 21:17:52','2012-10-16 03:17:52','',2762,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2770',0,'revision','',0),(2769,62,'2012-10-15 21:16:26','2012-10-16 03:16:26','<p dir=\"ltr\">Primavera, from The Four Seasons by Antonio Vivaldi</p>\r\n<strong><strong>Michael Brandon Seals\r\nJ. Lauer, Huma 1302 12:00 p.m.- 1:20 p. m.\r\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Arcimboldo_Giuseppe__Spring_1563_oil_on_wood_Real_Academia_de_Bellas_Artes_de_San_Fernando_Madrid1.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2766\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Arcimboldo_Giuseppe__Spring_1563_oil_on_wood_Real_Academia_de_Bellas_Artes_de_San_Fernando_Madrid1-249x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"249\" height=\"300\" /></a>\r\n</strong></strong>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Spring (1573) By Giuseppe Arcimboldo</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/tisselly/6159729217/\">http://www.flickr.com/photos/tisselly/6159729217/</a></p>\r\n<strong>\r\nThe Primavera (translated as springtime in italian) is a concerto from Vivaldi’s The Four Seasons, and just might be one of the most recognized pieces of classical music of the modern day, and whether you know it by name or melody, it has come to epitomise the Baroque style as well as providing insight as to the popular musical taste and technology of the era. Since it’s debut it has become a benchmark not only of baroque music but as well as to what defines a concerto in general, and for this reason it deserves to be preserved for generations to come.\r\n\r\nIt was during the beginnings of the eighteenth century as early keyboard type instruments such as the harpsichord and fortepiano began to evolve into the piano, and as the renaissance harmonies gradually gave way to the baroque concertos, many were seeking to expand and order the music of their time as well as experiment and distance themselves from the classical voice accompaniments and harmonies that came to define the renaissance period. Music styles began to change during this time and this work in particular seems to stand out from its peers, as well as attempt to define the culture and style of the era. In order to better understand the work, lets first set out to define the vernacular with which we can discuss, objectify and articulate the merits of Primavera in a proper and technical sense. A concerto is defined by Merriam-Webster as: “a piece for one or more soloists and orchestra with three contrasting movements” the contrast being the variations in tempos between the three. The Baroque period in music can be characterised by a general increase in complexity from previous era’s music as well as an increase in the popularity of keyboard instruments and the violin. (Sienna, Music and Drama) The baroque also became to be defined by its concertos, just as works of the renaissance era were epitomised by their harmonious choruses.  It was during the early and middle parts of the 1700’s, as concertos became more prevalent and as concert music became to be favored to dance music and opera, that the concerto began to be seen as a “proper” form of composition.\r\n\r\nVivaldi has the distinction of being popular and well received in his own time, and owing to the newness of the form during this time there were no set guidelines as to what made up a concerto, “but by the time vivaldi finished the more than 500 concertos attributed to him a standard form had emerged that many other composers would imitate” (Sienna, Music and Drama) this being said Primavera as well as Vivaldis other concertos would become a footprint to the transition from renaissance classic to baroque, the benchmark for what defines a concerto and a paradigm that has inspired countless works to date.\r\n\r\nThe first modern recording of Primavera is believed to be from an acetate of a french radio broadcast dated 1939 (Pearl) and since having a confirmed total of only two as of 1952 to over 1,000 different recordings in 2011(unable to officially confirm). It has received numerous awards and acknowledgements including the French Grand Prix du Disque in 1950, as well as a Grammy hall of Fame in 2002. However no other merit  this work has received does better to illustrate the importance, monumentality and symbology that echos so evidently throughout the piece, than the prestigious National Recording Registry Award from the Library of Congress, awarded in  2003, this very prestigious award recognizes great works that need to be championed and preserved . Unfortunately the one piece of knowledge I was unable to ascertain from my research was why the piece has been played at every fancy dinner and wedding I have ever attended regardless of season.\r\n\r\nIf we were to compare Primavera, to another work that focuses on the subject of springtime, however this time from the visual spectrum. I am speaking of the work of  Italian painter Giuseppe Arcimboldo. Giuseppe set out to capture the essences of the earth\'s seasons with his unique style of portrait painting, “growing” the composition entirely out of painted images of fruit, flowers, vegetables and other organic matter. In his painting entitled “Spring” (See picture at beginning of essay) we see the profile of a man from the chest up, and from his neck down he is composed of various foliage, grasses and vines, the puffy collars as were the style of the time are painted of sunflowers with the flesh being composed of roses and capped by a large bushy growth of popori-like flowers, the whole composition is framed in a wreath of springtime greenery, epitomizing what the painter thought of the essence of springtime. If we compare this work to Primavera we find that both works, in trying to capture “spring”, have instilled a general light and earthy feeling through the work and both seem to imbue the beholder with an overall feeling of carefreeness. However, if I had to use these works in a constructive way such as to convince or teach someone who had no concept of springtime. I feel that Primavera would be the better tool for communication due to the fact that instrumental music doesn\'t have a language barrier to cross. Where I feel like the visual medium is great at conveying knowledge and meaning it does not compare to the way music can impress a thought or emotion. Whereas the painting is dense with clues and themes of spring, Primavera is a clear and carefree composition on what the composer believed epitomised springtime and springtime activities.\r\n\r\nPersonally my reaction to the work at first was that of a familiar melody, especially as to how most of us have probably heard Primavera at least 100 times by this point in our lives, however as I delved deeper into the composition and began to look at it in its historical context, the work began to intrigue me, not only due to it\'s innovative nature as a concerto and influencing countless modern composers, but also in providing a look into the historic music instruments of the time. In the process of researching this paper I learned much about the advent of the keyboard and piano, which in turn made me think about the nature of music and culture in general and it reinforced the feeling that music and art, no matter which era, constantly seeks to define and reinvent itself. I was also not previously aware of the variation and progress music has had since the time of the Renaissance.\r\n\r\nPrimavera, being one of the best-known pieces of popular Baroque music as well as being a staple of violin concerto curriculum to the present day, it epitomises the era and renders a rare audible glimpse into a world hundreds of years old, when the new ideas, technologies and cultures we take for granted were still in their infancy. Primavera has much to teach us of the composers and music of times long past as well as having the ability of influence generations of great composers to come. The preservation of this lovely baroque concerto is of tantamount importance if we are to preserve any of our past for the future to learn from.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nArcimboldo,Giuseppe. Spring. 1573. Oil on canvas. Madrid.\r\n\r\n\r\nFiero. <a href=\"http://connect.mcgraw-hill.com/connect/hmEBook.do?setTab=sectionTabs\">The Humanistic Tradition Vol 2</a>, 6th ed.\r\n\r\n\"The Four Seasons (Vivaldi)\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.  11 October 2012 at 15:10. Web. 14 Oct. 2012.\r\n\r\nKimball, Carol, mezzo-soprano. Song: A Guide to Art Song Style and Literature. Milwaukee, WI. : Hal Leonard, 2006, c2005.\r\n\r\n\r\nKapilow, Robert. What Makes it Great? : Short Masterpieces, Great Composers.\r\nHoboken, N.J. : Wiley, c2011.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe New Grove Italian Baroque Masters : Monteverdi, Vivaldi, D. Scarlatti.\r\nNew York : W.W. Norton 1984. ( Author was not listed)\r\n\r\n\r\nPearl, GEMM #9151 CD\r\n(contains earliest known primavera recording, unable to verify)\r\n\r\n\r\nWood, Sienna. Music and Drama\r\nTheme and variations: New Perspectives in Musical History\r\n<a href=\"http://www.siennasguidetomusic.com/Topics/drama.html\">http://www.siennasguidetomusic.com/Topics/drama.html</a>\r\n\r\n\r\nHarrison, John -Violin / Turizziani,Robert -Conductor. Concerto No. 1 in E major, Op. 8, RV 269, \"La primavera\" (Spring). 6 February 2000. <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wichita_State_University\">Wichita State University</a>.\r\n<a href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:01_-_Vivaldi_Spring_mvt_1_Allegro_-_John_Harrison_violin.ogg\">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:01_-_Vivaldi_Spring_mvt_1_Allegro_-_John_Harrison_violin.ogg</a>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n</strong>','Primavera, from the Four Seasons.','','inherit','open','open','','2762-revision-3','','','2012-10-15 21:16:26','2012-10-16 03:16:26','',2762,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2769',0,'revision','',0),(2771,61,'2012-10-15 21:16:50','2012-10-16 03:16:50','AUSTIN COMMUNITY COLLEGE\nTCP-2 DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE\nJ. Lauer – 1302 – 207 # 13622\nPHILIP ROBINSON\n10/14/2012\n\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Declaration-of-Independence-Mouse-Pad1.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-2761\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Declaration-of-Independence-Mouse-Pad1-889x1024.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"889\" height=\"1024\" /></a>\n\n<!--more-->\n\nAs you are by now well aware, the purpose of this project is to discuss the merits or flaws in the decision to keep a particular piece of art in the time capsule. My opinion is that the pieces we collect will provide an understanding and appreciation of the past. For this paper my intent is to enlighten those that may not already know or agree that the Declaration of Independence should have a place in the capsule, so that future generations will be mindful of our mistakes, and inspired by our greatness.\n\nPenned By Thomas Jefferson in 1776, and signed by 55 others gentlemen on the fourth day of July that same year was influenced by present and not so present men. (web)After the printing press came to be Thomas Paine’s, “Common Sense” sells 150,000 copies in the first few weeks after publishing argues that Independence is the true course of free people, and a “natural right.” (“history.com”) There is another work that I believe to be similar that may have had an impact on Jefferson as he was writing the Declaration of Independence, and that work is the “The Second Treatise on Civil Government” by John Locke. “Most agree that the natural rights philosophy of English philosopher JOHN LOCKE greatly influenced Jefferson’s composition of the Declaration. In particular, Locke advanced the ideas that a just government derives its legitimacy and power from the consent of the governed, that people possess inalienable rights Page 390 that no legitimate government may take away, and that the people have the right and duty to overthrow a government that violates their rights. Jefferson also paralleled Locke in his identification of three major rights—the rights to “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness”—though the last of his three is a change from Locke’s right to “property.”(“Declaration of Independence”)(“Locke”)\n\n“<em> In March 1776, North Carolina\'s revolutionary convention became the first to vote in favor of independence; seven other colonies had followed suit by mid-May. On June 7, the Virginia delegate Richard Henry Lee introduced a motion calling for the colonies\' independence before the Continental Congress when it met at the Pennsylvania State House (later Independence Hall) in Philadelphia. Amid heated debate, Congress postponed the vote on Lee\'s resolution and called a recess for several weeks. Before departing, however, the delegates also appointed a five-man committee--including Thomas Jefferson of Virginia, John Adams of Massachusetts, Roger Sherman of Connecticut, Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania and Robert R. Livingston of New York--to draft a formal statement justifying the break with Great Britain. That document would become known as the Declaration of Independence.</em>”(“history.com”)\n\nThe part that I find unusual is that almost never happened, as at this time in the colonies most of the populace was focused on subject’s rights under the crown. The revolution was at full tilt by the following summer when resistance had grown to the point of forcing a Continental Congress to vote. In mid-June 1776, a five-man committee including Thomas Jefferson, John Adams and Benjamin Franklin was tasked with drafting a formal statement of the colonies\' intentions. The Congress formally adopted the Declaration of Independence--written largely by Jefferson--in Philadelphia on July 4, a date now celebrated as the birth of American independence.\n\nWhen looking at how this work was received in the past, we must first declare the audience. If the audience is King George III, then one can pretty much say that he was infuriated by these upstarts. If one is referring to the educated populace of the colonies, then separating from British control was thought radical in thought or action until the King attempted to crush the rebellion. If one is referring to the simple folk that are struggling enough just to live, then all you want is for life to be better. However when push comes to shove and the King orders the enlargement of the Army and navy, even the conservative’s abandons hope of reconciliation. (history.com) Apparently there were some members of the colonies that doubted this well crafted document was original, and some years afterward Jefferson responded with the following.\n\n<em>[n]ot to find out new principles or new arguments, never before thought of, not merely to say things which had never been said before; but to place before mankind the common sense of the subject, in terms so plain and firm as to command their assent, and to justify ourselves in the independent stand we are compelled to take. Neither aiming at originality of principle or sentiment, nor yet copied from any particular and previous writing, it was intended to be an expression of the American mind, and to give to that expression the proper tone and spirit called for by the occasion.</em>(history.com)\n\nWhen looking at how the Declaration of Independence is viewed today, once again we must clarify who the audience is to accurately relay how the Declaration of Independence is received. If one is part of the elite and part of the military industrial corporate governmental conglomerate that is running the country, you would be doing your best to distract and dumb down your populace enough to not understand the Declaration. If you are part of this great nation that believes in the Declaration, our Constitution, and our Bill of Rights; then you are looking closely at the form and procedure of the Declaration. As an enlightened individual, I am horrified by what I see as the shredding of the founding documents of this nation by those that we placed as guides for our populace. If you are an ignorant sheep that blindly follows what you are told, then all you want is for life to be better.\n\nIn my opinion the Declaration of Independence is the quintessential piece that defines by demonstration the path a society should take in severing itself from its tyrannical leadership. One can easily follow the rhetorical elements that are artfully expressed throughout this document. The path from having valid issues, to citing their grievances, and finally to stating their ultimatum are well penned. I believe that the most important reason for this Document to be in the time capsule for future generations is this is one of the strongest examples of how a populace regains its freedom from the people that were put in power by the populace after they run amuck. This document also serves as a reminder for our populace that there is a duty in citizenship.\n\n&nbsp;\n\nWorks Cited\n\"Declaration of Independence.\" Gale Encyclopedia of American Law. Ed. Donna Batten. 3rd ed. Vol. 3. Detroit: Gale, 2010. 388-390. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\nDocument URL\nhttp://go.galegroup.com.lsproxy.austincc.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX1337701301&amp;v=2.1&amp;u=txshracd2487&amp;it=r&amp;p=GVRL&amp;sw=w\n\n\"Declaration of Independence.\" History.com. A&amp;E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 15 Oct 2012. .\n\nLocke, John. \"Second Treatise of Civil Government.\" Essay Concerning the true original, extend, and end of Civil Government n.pag. James. Web. 15 Oct 2012. . – Database I found of works converted to html.','The Declaration of Independence','','inherit','open','open','','2473-revision-3','','','2012-10-15 21:16:50','2012-10-16 03:16:50','',2473,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2771',0,'revision','',0),(2772,61,'2012-10-18 01:07:09','2012-10-18 07:07:09','AUSTIN COMMUNITY COLLEGE\nTCP-2 DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE\nJ. Lauer – 1302 – 207 # 13622\nPHILIP ROBINSON\n10/14/2012\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_2761\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"375\"]<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Declaration-of-Independence-Mouse-Pad1.png\"><img class=\"wp-image-2761 \" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Declaration-of-Independence-Mouse-Pad1-889x1024.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"375\" height=\"431\" /></a> http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Declaration-of-Independence-Mouse-Pad1.png[/caption]\n\n&nbsp;\n\nAs you are by now well aware, the purpose of this project is to discuss the merits or flaws in the decision to keep a particular piece of art in the time capsule. My opinion is that the pieces we collect will provide an understanding and appreciation of the past. For this paper my intent is to enlighten those that may not already know or agree that the Declaration of Independence should have a place in the capsule, so that future generations will be mindful of our mistakes, and inspired by our greatness.<!--more-->\n\nPenned By Thomas Jefferson in 1776, and signed by 55 others gentlemen on the fourth day of July that same year was influenced by present and not so present men. (web)After the printing press came to be Thomas Paine’s, “Common Sense” sells 150,000 copies in the first few weeks after publishing argues that Independence is the true course of free people, and a “natural right.” (“history.com”) There is another work that I believe to be similar that may have had an impact on Jefferson as he was writing the Declaration of Independence, and that work is the “The Second Treatise on Civil Government” by John Locke. “Most agree that the natural rights philosophy of English philosopher JOHN LOCKE greatly influenced Jefferson’s composition of the Declaration. In particular, Locke advanced the ideas that a just government derives its legitimacy and power from the consent of the governed, that people possess inalienable rights Page 390 that no legitimate government may take away, and that the people have the right and duty to overthrow a government that violates their rights. Jefferson also paralleled Locke in his identification of three major rights—the rights to “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness”—though the last of his three is a change from Locke’s right to “property.”(“Declaration of Independence”)(“Locke”)\n\n“<em> In March 1776, North Carolina\'s revolutionary convention became the first to vote in favor of independence; seven other colonies had followed suit by mid-May. On June 7, the Virginia delegate Richard Henry Lee introduced a motion calling for the colonies\' independence before the Continental Congress when it met at the Pennsylvania State House (later Independence Hall) in Philadelphia. Amid heated debate, Congress postponed the vote on Lee\'s resolution and called a recess for several weeks. Before departing, however, the delegates also appointed a five-man committee--including Thomas Jefferson of Virginia, John Adams of Massachusetts, Roger Sherman of Connecticut, Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania and Robert R. Livingston of New York--to draft a formal statement justifying the break with Great Britain. That document would become known as the Declaration of Independence.</em>”(“history.com”)\n\nThe part that I find unusual is that almost never happened, as at this time in the colonies most of the populace was focused on subject’s rights under the crown. The revolution was at full tilt by the following summer when resistance had grown to the point of forcing a Continental Congress to vote. In mid-June 1776, a five-man committee including Thomas Jefferson, John Adams and Benjamin Franklin was tasked with drafting a formal statement of the colonies\' intentions. The Congress formally adopted the Declaration of Independence--written largely by Jefferson--in Philadelphia on July 4, a date now celebrated as the birth of American independence.\n\nWhen looking at how this work was received in the past, we must first declare the audience. If the audience is King George III, then one can pretty much say that he was infuriated by these upstarts. If one is referring to the educated populace of the colonies, then separating from British control was thought radical in thought or action until the King attempted to crush the rebellion. If one is referring to the simple folk that are struggling enough just to live, then all you want is for life to be better. However when push comes to shove and the King orders the enlargement of the Army and navy, even the conservative’s abandons hope of reconciliation. (history.com) Apparently there were some members of the colonies that doubted this well crafted document was original, and some years afterward Jefferson responded with the following.\n\n<em>[n]ot to find out new principles or new arguments, never before thought of, not merely to say things which had never been said before; but to place before mankind the common sense of the subject, in terms so plain and firm as to command their assent, and to justify ourselves in the independent stand we are compelled to take. Neither aiming at originality of principle or sentiment, nor yet copied from any particular and previous writing, it was intended to be an expression of the American mind, and to give to that expression the proper tone and spirit called for by the occasion.</em>(history.com)\n\nWhen looking at how the Declaration of Independence is viewed today, once again we must clarify who the audience is to accurately relay how the Declaration of Independence is received. If one is part of the elite and part of the military industrial corporate governmental conglomerate that is running the country, you would be doing your best to distract and dumb down your populace enough to not understand the Declaration. If you are part of this great nation that believes in the Declaration, our Constitution, and our Bill of Rights; then you are looking closely at the form and procedure of the Declaration. As an enlightened individual, I am horrified by what I see as the shredding of the founding documents of this nation by those that we placed as guides for our populace. If you are an ignorant sheep that blindly follows what you are told, then all you want is for life to be better.\n\nIn my opinion the Declaration of Independence is the quintessential piece that defines by demonstration the path a society should take in severing itself from its tyrannical leadership. One can easily follow the rhetorical elements that are artfully expressed throughout this document. The path from having valid issues, to citing their grievances, and finally to stating their ultimatum are well penned. I believe that the most important reason for this Document to be in the time capsule for future generations is this is one of the strongest examples of how a populace regains its freedom from the people that were put in power by the populace after they run amuck. This document also serves as a reminder for our populace that there is a duty in citizenship.\n\n&nbsp;\n\nWorks Cited\n\"Declaration of Independence.\" Gale Encyclopedia of American Law. Ed. Donna Batten. 3rd ed. Vol. 3. Detroit: Gale, 2010. 388-390. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\nDocument URL\nhttp://go.galegroup.com.lsproxy.austincc.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX1337701301&amp;v=2.1&amp;u=txshracd2487&amp;it=r&amp;p=GVRL&amp;sw=w\n\n\"Declaration of Independence.\" History.com. A&amp;E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 15 Oct 2012. .\n\nLocke, John. \"Second Treatise of Civil Government.\" Essay Concerning the true original, extend, and end of Civil Government n.pag. James. Web. 15 Oct 2012. .\n\nhttp://jim.com/2ndtreat.htm – Database I found of works converted to html.','The Declaration of Independence','','inherit','open','open','','2473-autosave','','','2012-10-18 01:07:09','2012-10-18 07:07:09','',2473,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2772',0,'revision','',0),(2773,61,'2012-10-15 21:17:59','2012-10-16 03:17:59','AUSTIN COMMUNITY COLLEGE\r\nTCP-2 DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE\r\nJ. Lauer – 1302 – 207 # 13622\r\nPHILIP ROBINSON\r\n10/14/2012\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Declaration-of-Independence-Mouse-Pad1.png\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-2761\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Declaration-of-Independence-Mouse-Pad1-889x1024.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"889\" height=\"1024\" /></a>\r\n\r\n<!--more-->\r\n\r\nAs you are by now well aware, the purpose of this project is to discuss the merits or flaws in the decision to keep a particular piece of art in the time capsule. My opinion is that the pieces we collect will provide an understanding and appreciation of the past. For this paper my intent is to enlighten those that may not already know or agree that the Declaration of Independence should have a place in the capsule, so that future generations will be mindful of our mistakes, and inspired by our greatness.\r\n\r\nPenned By Thomas Jefferson in 1776, and signed by 55 others gentlemen on the fourth day of July that same year was influenced by present and not so present men. (web)After the printing press came to be Thomas Paine’s, “Common Sense” sells 150,000 copies in the first few weeks after publishing argues that Independence is the true course of free people, and a “natural right.” (“history.com”) There is another work that I believe to be similar that may have had an impact on Jefferson as he was writing the Declaration of Independence, and that work is the “The Second Treatise on Civil Government” by John Locke. “Most agree that the natural rights philosophy of English philosopher JOHN LOCKE greatly influenced Jefferson’s composition of the Declaration. In particular, Locke advanced the ideas that a just government derives its legitimacy and power from the consent of the governed, that people possess inalienable rights Page 390 that no legitimate government may take away, and that the people have the right and duty to overthrow a government that violates their rights. Jefferson also paralleled Locke in his identification of three major rights—the rights to “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness”—though the last of his three is a change from Locke’s right to “property.”(“Declaration of Independence”)(“Locke”)\r\n\r\n“<em> In March 1776, North Carolina\'s revolutionary convention became the first to vote in favor of independence; seven other colonies had followed suit by mid-May. On June 7, the Virginia delegate Richard Henry Lee introduced a motion calling for the colonies\' independence before the Continental Congress when it met at the Pennsylvania State House (later Independence Hall) in Philadelphia. Amid heated debate, Congress postponed the vote on Lee\'s resolution and called a recess for several weeks. Before departing, however, the delegates also appointed a five-man committee--including Thomas Jefferson of Virginia, John Adams of Massachusetts, Roger Sherman of Connecticut, Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania and Robert R. Livingston of New York--to draft a formal statement justifying the break with Great Britain. That document would become known as the Declaration of Independence.</em>”(“history.com”)\r\n\r\nThe part that I find unusual is that almost never happened, as at this time in the colonies most of the populace was focused on subject’s rights under the crown. The revolution was at full tilt by the following summer when resistance had grown to the point of forcing a Continental Congress to vote. In mid-June 1776, a five-man committee including Thomas Jefferson, John Adams and Benjamin Franklin was tasked with drafting a formal statement of the colonies\' intentions. The Congress formally adopted the Declaration of Independence--written largely by Jefferson--in Philadelphia on July 4, a date now celebrated as the birth of American independence.\r\n\r\nWhen looking at how this work was received in the past, we must first declare the audience. If the audience is King George III, then one can pretty much say that he was infuriated by these upstarts. If one is referring to the educated populace of the colonies, then separating from British control was thought radical in thought or action until the King attempted to crush the rebellion. If one is referring to the simple folk that are struggling enough just to live, then all you want is for life to be better. However when push comes to shove and the King orders the enlargement of the Army and navy, even the conservative’s abandons hope of reconciliation. (history.com) Apparently there were some members of the colonies that doubted this well crafted document was original, and some years afterward Jefferson responded with the following.\r\n\r\n<em>[n]ot to find out new principles or new arguments, never before thought of, not merely to say things which had never been said before; but to place before mankind the common sense of the subject, in terms so plain and firm as to command their assent, and to justify ourselves in the independent stand we are compelled to take. Neither aiming at originality of principle or sentiment, nor yet copied from any particular and previous writing, it was intended to be an expression of the American mind, and to give to that expression the proper tone and spirit called for by the occasion.</em>(history.com)\r\n\r\nWhen looking at how the Declaration of Independence is viewed today, once again we must clarify who the audience is to accurately relay how the Declaration of Independence is received. If one is part of the elite and part of the military industrial corporate governmental conglomerate that is running the country, you would be doing your best to distract and dumb down your populace enough to not understand the Declaration. If you are part of this great nation that believes in the Declaration, our Constitution, and our Bill of Rights; then you are looking closely at the form and procedure of the Declaration. As an enlightened individual, I am horrified by what I see as the shredding of the founding documents of this nation by those that we placed as guides for our populace. If you are an ignorant sheep that blindly follows what you are told, then all you want is for life to be better.\r\n\r\nIn my opinion the Declaration of Independence is the quintessential piece that defines by demonstration the path a society should take in severing itself from its tyrannical leadership. One can easily follow the rhetorical elements that are artfully expressed throughout this document. The path from having valid issues, to citing their grievances, and finally to stating their ultimatum are well penned. I believe that the most important reason for this Document to be in the time capsule for future generations is this is one of the strongest examples of how a populace regains its freedom from the people that were put in power by the populace after they run amuck. This document also serves as a reminder for our populace that there is a duty in citizenship.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nWorks Cited\r\n\"Declaration of Independence.\" Gale Encyclopedia of American Law. Ed. Donna Batten. 3rd ed. Vol. 3. Detroit: Gale, 2010. 388-390. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 15 Oct. 2012.\r\nDocument URL\r\nhttp://go.galegroup.com.lsproxy.austincc.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX1337701301&amp;v=2.1&amp;u=txshracd2487&amp;it=r&amp;p=GVRL&amp;sw=w\r\n\r\n\"Declaration of Independence.\" History.com. A&amp;E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 15 Oct 2012. .\r\n\r\nLocke, John. \"Second Treatise of Civil Government.\" Essay Concerning the true original, extend, and end of Civil Government n.pag. James. Web. 15 Oct 2012. . – Database I found of works converted to html.','The Declaration of Independence','','inherit','open','open','','2473-revision-4','','','2012-10-15 21:17:59','2012-10-16 03:17:59','',2473,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=2773',0,'revision','',0),(3364,89,'2013-09-26 13:14:05','2013-09-26 19:14:05','<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/PaKal.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-3366\" alt=\"PaKal\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/PaKal-177x300.jpg\" width=\"177\" height=\"300\" /></a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Pakal-color.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-3365\" alt=\"Pakal color\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Pakal-color-180x300.jpg\" width=\"180\" height=\"300\" /></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Sarcophagus lid in the Temple of Inscriptions 683 CE</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">http://chichcalan.com/vrml/grafika/sarcophagus.jpg</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3486/4649330363_2c9716cfd9_z.jpg</p>\r\nThe sarcophagus lid that that covered the tomb of Pakal inside the temple of inscriptions at Palenque. The lid was covered with the iconography of Pakal falling off the Wacah Chan, tree of life which connects the sky, earth, and underworld (Sayre). The tree represented the Mayan’s ability to interact with each of the three realms.  Pakal’s head is tilted back replicating that of a sacrificial victim, while his hair is bunled similarly to corn stalks. Both the posture and hair are meant to mimic many of the characteristics of the Maize god. (Blume).  On the top of the tree sits the feathered serpent (Sayre pg464). The celestial bird soars on the top of the lid, representing the sky realm (Blume).<!--more-->\r\n\r\nPakal’s tomb is unique since it can be accessed from the top of the temple of inscriptions, which allows scholars to link Pakal to the ideologies of the Mayan religion. The Mayan leaders maintained a connection with their ancestors as this played a critical role to Mayan beliefs.(Ching pg328) This piece is categorized as one of the best examples of Classic Mayan art. Like many of the pieces from this era, the icons and the inscriptions allow us to understand the Mayan’s sociopolitical organization.  Many of the topics covered in the piece revolve around ideology, power, conquest, defeats, alliances, and divine right to rule.\r\n\r\nScholars are beginning to understand the relationship between the Mayan rulers and their people. The Mayan used a written language that could not be deciphered due to the lack of documents that survived the Spanish conquest, only until 1958 scholars began publishing and deciphering the secrets of the Mayan. In 1986 \"The blood of kings\" was one of the first published documents that deciphered the complex relationship between the divine and the city states. Each of the lords was believed to have the ability to summon the gods through their flesh and blood. Kings would wage war with other city states and the defeated kings would have their blood run down the temples and have their hearts ripped out all to please the gods (Chippindale).\r\n\r\nThe sarcophagus lid of Pakal is found in the Temple of Inscriptions. In order to understand why the Temple of Inscriptions is unique from other Mayan temples, we have to understand the architecture. Many of the Mayan pyramids are simple in design usually a base with stairs on one of its side. The Temple of Inscriptions is unlike anything any of the other Mayan pyramids, has hidden stairway that leads a crypt. Inside the crypt archeologist found jewelry, the remains of human sacrifices, and the tomb of Pakal (Ruz).\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Temple-of-Injhscriptions.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3367 aligncenter\" alt=\"Temple of Injhscriptions\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Temple-of-Injhscriptions-300x162.jpg\" width=\"377\" height=\"202\" /></a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http://www.chicagosee.com/explanations/Inscription%20drawing.jpg\">http://www.chicagosee.com/explanations/Inscription%20drawing.jpg</a></p>\r\nNot only has the sarcophagus of Pakal gathered attention from scholars, it has also become a part of popular culture. The Ancient astronaut theory suggest that the older civilazations were helped by advanced extraterrestials. Erik Von Daniken believes that the sarcophagus of Pakal is an actual representation of a spacecraft,  stating “…human being is sitting there, the chest slightly bent over, in the position of a racing pilot; nowadays, every child would identify his vehicle as a rocket”. Although much of the sarcaphogus has been deciphered, the ancient astronaut theory continues to gain support.  Before I knew anything about the Maya, I saw an image of the lid of Pakal next to a rocket and immediately began speculating Mayan technology. The images depicted on the lid seemed too abstract when compared to any of the other Mayan pieces.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Anastasis.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3368 aligncenter\" alt=\"Anastasis\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Anastasis-300x248.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"248\" /></a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-echpMcl0elU/T380mikKcBI/AAAAAAAABOI/XOYBfwhsclE/s1600/anastasis4.jpg</p>\r\nThe “Anastasis” or “Harrowing of hell” and Sarcophagus are two unique piece of art that depict each of the cultures most important religious figure travel to the underworld. In between the death of Christ but before his Resurrection, Christ makes the journey to the depths of hell and enters the domain of Satan. Pacal on the other hand is depicted falling off “tree of life”, while “???” waits to guide him to the underworld. In the Anastasis, Christ purpose of entering the underworld is different than Pacal decent. Christ enters the underworld to save all of those that came before Christ such as Adam, Eve, David, John the Baptist, and Moses. Forest summarizes the Christian’s view of death stating:\r\n\r\nThe undoing of the kingdom of death and thus the undoing of all that keeps us in a state of fear. After all, it’s death we fear and spend our lives resisting and delaying. It’s fear of death that stands in the way of actually living. Dig away at the other fears and sooner or later we discover our grave. Whatever delays we manage to arrange, the end is certain. But this icon reminds us that death doesn’t have the last word (Forest)\r\n\r\nThe Mayan’s viewed death was more relaxed than the Christian. One of the most important Mayan gods was the Maize god, which played a critical role with one of the central Mayan ideas. They believed that only fallen stalks would give birth to a new generation allowing the Mayan’s to participate and acknowledge their ancestor’s role do the creation of life.(Bloom) Although each of these religions was founded thousands of miles apart and at different points in time, they share the idea of an afterlife. Each of these culture’s ideas may be different but we will always be closer to each other than we believe we are.\r\n\r\nThe sarcophagus of Pakal is more than aesthetic piece of art. If there is one piece of Mayan art that captures the essence of the Mayan culture, this is the piece that does it best. It tells us the story of one of the greatest Mayan ruler Pakal, the relationship between his people and him, and the Mayan’s view of death.\r\n<p align=\"center\">Works Cited</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\" align=\"center\">Blume, Anna. \"Royal Visions: Art Of The Maya Courts.\" Art In America 92.11 (2004): 102-151. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Sept. 2013.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\" align=\"center\">Ching,Francis, et al. A Global history of Architecture. River Street: John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 2011. Print</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\" align=\"center\">Chippindale, Christopher. \"The Last Great Decipherment.\" History Today 43.7 (1993): 59. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Sept. 2013</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\" align=\"center\">Forest, Jim. \"Glorious Freedom.\" U.S. Catholic 71.4 (2006): 51. Academic Search Complete. Web. 23 Sept. 2013.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\" align=\"center\">Grünschloß, Andreas. \"Ancient Astronaut Narrations. A Popular Discourse On Our Religious Past.\"Fabula 48.3-4 (2007): 205-228. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Sept. 2013.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\" align=\"center\">Ruz L., Alberto. \"The Mystery Of The Mayan Temple.\" Saturday Evening Post 226.9 (1953): 30-98. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Sept. 2013.</p>\r\nSayre,Henry. A World of Art. Saddle River: Prentice Hall Pearson, 2010. Print','Sarcophagus Lid','','publish','open','open','','3364','','','2013-10-09 15:50:07','2013-10-09 21:50:07','',0,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3364',0,'post','',5),(3365,89,'2013-09-26 13:05:04','2013-09-26 19:05:04','','Pakal color','','inherit','open','open','','pakal-color','','','2013-09-26 13:05:04','2013-09-26 19:05:04','',3364,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Pakal-color.jpg',0,'attachment','image/jpeg',0),(3366,89,'2013-09-26 13:06:22','2013-09-26 19:06:22','','PaKal','','inherit','open','open','','pakal','','','2013-09-26 13:06:22','2013-09-26 19:06:22','',3364,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/PaKal.jpg',0,'attachment','image/jpeg',0),(3367,89,'2013-09-26 13:09:41','2013-09-26 19:09:41','','Temple of Injhscriptions','','inherit','open','open','','temple-of-injhscriptions','','','2013-09-26 13:09:41','2013-09-26 19:09:41','',3364,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Temple-of-Injhscriptions.jpg',0,'attachment','image/jpeg',0),(3368,89,'2013-09-26 13:10:46','2013-09-26 19:10:46','','Anastasis','','inherit','open','open','','anastasis','','','2013-09-26 13:10:46','2013-09-26 19:10:46','',3364,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Anastasis.jpg',0,'attachment','image/jpeg',0),(3372,1,'2013-09-26 20:56:48','2013-09-27 02:56:48','a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Pakal-color.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-3365\" alt=\"Pakal color\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Pakal-color-180x300.jpg\" width=\"180\" height=\"300\" /></a>\r\n\r\nSarcophagus lid in the Temple of Inscriptions 683 CE\r\nhttp://chichcalan.com/vrml/grafika/sarcophagus.jpg\r\n\r\nhttp://farm4.staticflickr.com/3486/4649330363_2c9716cfd9_z.jpg\r\n\r\nThe sarcophagus lid that that covered the tomb of Pakal inside the temple of inscriptions at Palenque. The lid was covered with the iconography of Pakal falling off the Wacah Chan, tree of life which connects the sky, earth, and underworld (Sayre). The tree represented the Mayan’s ability to interact with each of the three realms.  Pakal’s head is tilted back replicating that of a sacrificial victim, while his hair is bunled similarly to corn stalks. Both the posture and hair are meant to mimic many of the characteristics of the Maize god. (Blume).  On the top of the tree sits the feathered serpent (Sayre pg464). The celestial bird soars on the top of the lid, representing the sky realm (Blume).\r\n\r\nPakal’s tomb is unique since it can be accessed from the top of the temple of inscriptions, which allows scholars to link Pakal to the ideologies of the Mayan religion. The Mayan leaders maintained a connection with their ancestors as this played a critical role to Mayan beliefs.(Ching pg328) This piece is categorized as one of the best examples of Classic Mayan art. Like many of the pieces from this era, the icons and the inscriptions allow us to understand the Mayan’s sociopolitical organization.  Many of the topics covered in the piece revolve around ideology, power, conquest, defeats, alliances, and divine right to rule.\r\n\r\nScholars are beginning to understand the relationship between the Mayan rulers and their people. The Mayan used a written language that could not be deciphered due to the lack of documents that survived the Spanish conquest, only until 1958 scholars began publishing and deciphering the secrets of the Mayan. In 1986 \"The blood of kings\" was one of the first published documents that deciphered the complex relationship between the divine and the city states. Each of the lords was believed to have the ability to summon the gods through their flesh and blood. Kings would wage war with other city states and the defeated kings would have their blood run down the temples and have their hearts ripped out all to please the gods (Chippindale).\r\n\r\nThe sarcophagus lid of Pakal is found in the Temple of Inscriptions. In order to understand why the Temple of Inscriptions is unique from other Mayan temples, we have to understand the architecture. Many of the Mayan pyramids are simple in design usually a base with stairs on one of its side. The Temple of Inscriptions is unlike anything any of the other Mayan pyramids, has hidden stairway that leads a crypt. Inside the crypt archeologist found jewelry, the remains of human sacrifices, and the tomb of Pakal (Ruz).\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Temple-of-Injhscriptions.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-3367\" alt=\"Temple of Injhscriptions\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Temple-of-Injhscriptions-300x162.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"162\" /></a>\r\n\r\nNot only has the sarcophagus of Pakal gathered attention from scholars, it has also become a part of popular culture. The Ancient astronaut theory suggest that the older civilazations were helped by advanced extraterrestials. Erik Von Daniken believes that the sarcophagus of Pakal is an actual representation of a spacecraft,  stating “…human being is sitting there, the chest slightly bent over, in the position of a racing pilot; nowadays, every child would identify his vehicle as a rocket”. Although much of the sarcaphogus has been deciphered, the ancient astronaut theory continues to gain support.  Before I knew anything about the Maya, I saw an image of the lid of Pakal next to a rocket and immediately began speculating Mayan technology. The images depicted on the lid seemed too abstract when compared to any of the other Mayan pieces.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Pakal-color.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-3365\" alt=\"Pakal color\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Pakal-color-180x300.jpg\" width=\"180\" height=\"300\" /></a><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Anastasis.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-3368\" alt=\"Anastasis\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Anastasis-300x248.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"248\" /></a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nhttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/-echpMcl0elU/T380mikKcBI/AAAAAAAABOI/XOYBfwhsclE/s1600/anastasis4.jpg\r\n\r\nThe “Anastasis” or “Harrowing of hell” and Sarcophagus are two unique piece of art that depict each of the cultures most important religious figure travel to the underworld. In between the death of Christ but before his Resurrection, Christ makes the journey to the depths of hell and enters the domain of Satan. Pacal on the other hand is depicted falling off “tree of life”, while “???” waits to guide him to the underworld. In the Anastasis, Christ purpose of entering the underworld is different than Pacal decent. Christ enters the underworld to save all of those that came before Christ such as Adam, Eve, David, John the Baptist, and Moses. Forest summarizes the Christian’s view of death stating:\r\n\r\nThe undoing of the kingdom of death and thus the undoing of all that keeps us in a state of fear. After all, it’s death we fear and spend our lives resisting and delaying. It’s fear of death that stands in the way of actually living. Dig away at the other fears and sooner or later we discover our grave. Whatever delays we manage to arrange, the end is certain. But this icon reminds us that death doesn’t have the last word (Forest)\r\n\r\nThe Mayan’s viewed death was more relaxed than the Christian. One of the most important Mayan gods was the Maize god, which played a critical role with one of the central Mayan ideas. They believed that only fallen stalks would give birth to a new generation allowing the Mayan’s to participate and acknowledge their ancestor’s role do the creation of life.(Bloom) Although each of these religions was founded thousands of miles apart and at different points in time, they share the idea of an afterlife. Each of these culture’s ideas may be different but we will always be closer to each other than we believe we are.\r\n\r\nThe sarcophagus of Pakal is more than aesthetic piece of art. If there is one piece of Mayan art that captures the essence of the Mayan culture, this is the piece that does it best. It tells us the story of one of the greatest Mayan ruler Pakal, the relationship between his people and him, and the Mayan’s view of death.\r\n<p align=\"center\">Works Cited</p>\r\n<p align=\"center\">Blume, Anna. \"Royal Visions: Art Of The Maya Courts.\" Art In America 92.11 (2004): 102-151. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Sept. 2013.</p>\r\n<p align=\"center\">Ching,Francis, et al. A Global history of Architecture. River Street: John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 2011. Print</p>\r\n<p align=\"center\">Chippindale, Christopher. \"The Last Great Decipherment.\" History Today 43.7 (1993): 59. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Sept. 2013</p>\r\n<p align=\"center\">Forest, Jim. \"Glorious Freedom.\" U.S. Catholic 71.4 (2006): 51. Academic Search Complete. Web. 23 Sept. 2013.</p>\r\n<p align=\"center\">Grünschloß, Andreas. \"Ancient Astronaut Narrations. A Popular Discourse On Our Religious Past.\"Fabula 48.3-4 (2007): 205-228. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Sept. 2013.</p>\r\n<p align=\"center\">Ruz L., Alberto. \"The Mystery Of The Mayan Temple.\" Saturday Evening Post 226.9 (1953): 30-98. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Sept. 2013.</p>\r\nSayre,Henry. A World of Art. Saddle River: Prentice Hall Pearson, 2010. Print','Sarcophagus Lid','','inherit','open','open','','3364-revision-v1','','','2013-09-26 20:56:48','2013-09-27 02:56:48','',3364,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3372',0,'revision','',0),(3369,89,'2013-09-26 13:13:30','2013-09-26 19:13:30','<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Pakal-color.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-3365\" alt=\"Pakal color\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Pakal-color-180x300.jpg\" width=\"180\" height=\"300\" /><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/PaKal.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-3366\" alt=\"PaKal\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/PaKal-177x300.jpg\" width=\"177\" height=\"300\" /></a></a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSarcophagus lid in the Temple of Inscriptions 683 CE\r\nhttp://chichcalan.com/vrml/grafika/sarcophagus.jpg\r\n\r\nhttp://farm4.staticflickr.com/3486/4649330363_2c9716cfd9_z.jpg\r\n\r\nThe sarcophagus lid that that covered the tomb of Pakal inside the temple of inscriptions at Palenque. The lid was covered with the iconography of Pakal falling off the Wacah Chan, tree of life which connects the sky, earth, and underworld (Sayre). The tree represented the Mayan’s ability to interact with each of the three realms.  Pakal’s head is tilted back replicating that of a sacrificial victim, while his hair is bunled similarly to corn stalks. Both the posture and hair are meant to mimic many of the characteristics of the Maize god. (Blume).  On the top of the tree sits the feathered serpent (Sayre pg464). The celestial bird soars on the top of the lid, representing the sky realm (Blume).\r\n\r\nPakal’s tomb is unique since it can be accessed from the top of the temple of inscriptions, which allows scholars to link Pakal to the ideologies of the Mayan religion. The Mayan leaders maintained a connection with their ancestors as this played a critical role to Mayan beliefs.(Ching pg328) This piece is categorized as one of the best examples of Classic Mayan art. Like many of the pieces from this era, the icons and the inscriptions allow us to understand the Mayan’s sociopolitical organization.  Many of the topics covered in the piece revolve around ideology, power, conquest, defeats, alliances, and divine right to rule.\r\n\r\nScholars are beginning to understand the relationship between the Mayan rulers and their people. The Mayan used a written language that could not be deciphered due to the lack of documents that survived the Spanish conquest, only until 1958 scholars began publishing and deciphering the secrets of the Mayan. In 1986 \"The blood of kings\" was one of the first published documents that deciphered the complex relationship between the divine and the city states. Each of the lords was believed to have the ability to summon the gods through their flesh and blood. Kings would wage war with other city states and the defeated kings would have their blood run down the temples and have their hearts ripped out all to please the gods (Chippindale).\r\n\r\nThe sarcophagus lid of Pakal is found in the Temple of Inscriptions. In order to understand why the Temple of Inscriptions is unique from other Mayan temples, we have to understand the architecture. Many of the Mayan pyramids are simple in design usually a base with stairs on one of its side. The Temple of Inscriptions is unlike anything any of the other Mayan pyramids, has hidden stairway that leads a crypt. Inside the crypt archeologist found jewelry, the remains of human sacrifices, and the tomb of Pakal (Ruz).\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Temple-of-Injhscriptions.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-3367\" alt=\"Temple of Injhscriptions\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Temple-of-Injhscriptions-300x162.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"162\" /></a>\r\n\r\nNot only has the sarcophagus of Pakal gathered attention from scholars, it has also become a part of popular culture. The Ancient astronaut theory suggest that the older civilazations were helped by advanced extraterrestials. Erik Von Daniken believes that the sarcophagus of Pakal is an actual representation of a spacecraft,  stating “…human being is sitting there, the chest slightly bent over, in the position of a racing pilot; nowadays, every child would identify his vehicle as a rocket”. Although much of the sarcaphogus has been deciphered, the ancient astronaut theory continues to gain support.  Before I knew anything about the Maya, I saw an image of the lid of Pakal next to a rocket and immediately began speculating Mayan technology. The images depicted on the lid seemed too abstract when compared to any of the other Mayan pieces.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Pakal-color.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-3365\" alt=\"Pakal color\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Pakal-color-180x300.jpg\" width=\"180\" height=\"300\" /><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Anastasis.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-3368\" alt=\"Anastasis\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Anastasis-300x248.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"248\" /></a></a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nhttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/-echpMcl0elU/T380mikKcBI/AAAAAAAABOI/XOYBfwhsclE/s1600/anastasis4.jpg\r\n\r\nThe “Anastasis” or “Harrowing of hell” and Sarcophagus are two unique piece of art that depict each of the cultures most important religious figure travel to the underworld. In between the death of Christ but before his Resurrection, Christ makes the journey to the depths of hell and enters the domain of Satan. Pacal on the other hand is depicted falling off “tree of life”, while “???” waits to guide him to the underworld. In the Anastasis, Christ purpose of entering the underworld is different than Pacal decent. Christ enters the underworld to save all of those that came before Christ such as Adam, Eve, David, John the Baptist, and Moses. Forest summarizes the Christian’s view of death stating:\r\n\r\nThe undoing of the kingdom of death and thus the undoing of all that keeps us in a state of fear. After all, it’s death we fear and spend our lives resisting and delaying. It’s fear of death that stands in the way of actually living. Dig away at the other fears and sooner or later we discover our grave. Whatever delays we manage to arrange, the end is certain. But this icon reminds us that death doesn’t have the last word (Forest)\r\n\r\nThe Mayan’s viewed death was more relaxed than the Christian. One of the most important Mayan gods was the Maize god, which played a critical role with one of the central Mayan ideas. They believed that only fallen stalks would give birth to a new generation allowing the Mayan’s to participate and acknowledge their ancestor’s role do the creation of life.(Bloom) Although each of these religions was founded thousands of miles apart and at different points in time, they share the idea of an afterlife. Each of these culture’s ideas may be different but we will always be closer to each other than we believe we are.\r\n\r\nThe sarcophagus of Pakal is more than aesthetic piece of art. If there is one piece of Mayan art that captures the essence of the Mayan culture, this is the piece that does it best. It tells us the story of one of the greatest Mayan ruler Pakal, the relationship between his people and him, and the Mayan’s view of death.\r\n<p align=\"center\">Works Cited</p>\r\n<p align=\"center\">Blume, Anna. \"Royal Visions: Art Of The Maya Courts.\" Art In America 92.11 (2004): 102-151. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Sept. 2013.</p>\r\n<p align=\"center\">Ching,Francis, et al. A Global history of Architecture. River Street: John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 2011. Print</p>\r\n<p align=\"center\">Chippindale, Christopher. \"The Last Great Decipherment.\" History Today 43.7 (1993): 59. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Sept. 2013</p>\r\n<p align=\"center\">Forest, Jim. \"Glorious Freedom.\" U.S. Catholic 71.4 (2006): 51. Academic Search Complete. Web. 23 Sept. 2013.</p>\r\n<p align=\"center\">Grünschloß, Andreas. \"Ancient Astronaut Narrations. A Popular Discourse On Our Religious Past.\"Fabula 48.3-4 (2007): 205-228. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Sept. 2013.</p>\r\n<p align=\"center\">Ruz L., Alberto. \"The Mystery Of The Mayan Temple.\" Saturday Evening Post 226.9 (1953): 30-98. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Sept. 2013.</p>\r\nSayre,Henry. A World of Art. Saddle River: Prentice Hall Pearson, 2010. Print','','','inherit','open','open','','3364-revision-v1','','','2013-09-26 13:13:30','2013-09-26 19:13:30','',3364,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3369',0,'revision','',0),(2775,56,'2012-10-15 21:39:04','2012-10-16 03:39:04','','The Legends and Truths of the Taj Mahal','','inherit','open','open','','tcp-2-2','','','2012-10-15 21:39:04','2012-10-16 03:39:04','',0,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/TCP-2.doc',0,'attachment','application/msword',0),(3379,1,'2013-09-27 17:34:10','2013-09-27 23:34:10','Laura Cereta (1469-1499) was considered to be a Renaissance feminist and an Italian philosopher. According to the Gale Encyclopedia of Biography , “Cereta wrote letters throughout her short adult life, the contents of which formed the basis of feminism that surfaced during the Enlightenment of the 18th century.” Cereta\'s work were letters she wrote using her own opinion of topics such as, marriage and family, education, etc.. All of these letters were things that were going on during her time. Jennifer Hargucgi, of The University of Chicago wrote “Some of the correspondents were fictitious, and her father sent a number of them to the Dominican friar Tommaso of Milan, who wrote back praising them.” During that period of time it was not common for women to write nor were they held in high status she changed that by being so strong willed and not letting anyone tell her that her work was not hers. She believed that a woman could create work just as good if not better than a man.<!--more--> In her biography it is written that “In an epistle entitled Curse against the Ornamentation of Women, she denounces women who find more interest in jewelry, cosmetics, and attire than in enriching their minds.” Although her work may have not been accepted, Cereta’s work was typical of its era because at that time there were not many women who were bold enough to write about such topics. Women were not held in a high regard nor were they known to have reading and writing talent. This piece stands out because she was the first woman to stand up and make a difference. “Because her Latin composition was so good, some intellectuals accused her of plagiarism.” Quoted from her biography. People today take still use her work for instance in schools. In Cereta’s biography it is quoted “Cereta\'s life provides a good illustration of the type of dedication she advocated.” Her letters have been compared to those of other early feminist critics such as Ann Finch, Anna Barbauld. These writers came some time after Cereta\'s but were said to “Rebuild and redefine the idea of gender.” I believe the work is beautiful. Cereta’s outlook on things like marriage, life, and education..etc is so different from other woman of her time and I find it meaningful being a woman myself it gives me a feeling of comfort knowing not all women just care about material things. I think what makes this most significant is the fact that she didn’t take no for an answer and she wasn’t afraid to be different. Today people can use that same motivation to follow their dreams and not be afraid to be different or set a new example. “These efforts, in turn, brought forth critics, both male and female, who, jealous of her accomplishments, belittled her work.” Tomasini, Laurae Ceretae epistolae\r\n\r\nWork Cited: Biography by Jennifer Haraguchi, The University of Chicago Gale Encyclopedia of Biography: Laura Cereta Letter to Biblus Sempronius, Defense of the Liberal Instruction of Women (Camille) From Laura Cereta, 1488 Letter to Augustinus Aemilius “Curse against the Ornamention of Women” Tomasini, Laurae Ceretae epistolae','TCP1 ','','inherit','open','open','','3376-revision-v1','','','2013-09-27 17:34:10','2013-09-27 23:34:10','',3376,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3379',0,'revision','',0),(3377,83,'2013-09-27 16:01:47','2013-09-27 22:01:47','      Laura Cereta (1469-1499) was considered to be a Renaissance feminist and an Italian philosopher. According to the Gale Encyclopedia of Biography , “Cereta wrote letters throughout her short adult life, the contents of which formed the basis of feminism that surfaced during the Enlightenment of the 18th century.”    Cereta\'s work were letters she wrote using her own opinion of topics such as, marriage and family, education, etc.. All of these letters were things that were going on during her time. Jennifer Hargucgi, of The University of Chicago wrote “Some of the correspondents were fictitious, and her father sent a number of them to the Dominican friar Tommaso of Milan, who wrote back praising them.” During that period of time it was not common for women to write nor were they held in high status she changed that by being so strong willed and not letting anyone tell her that her work was not hers. She believed that a woman could create work just as good if not better than a man. In her biography it is written that “In an epistle entitled Curse against the Ornamentation of Women, she denounces women who find more interest in jewelry, cosmetics, and attire than in enriching their minds.”    Although her work may have not been accepted, Cereta’s  work was typical of its era because at that time there were not many women who were bold enough to write about such topics. Women were not held in a high regard nor were they known to have reading and writing talent. This piece stands out because she was the first woman to stand up and make a difference. “Because her Latin composition was so good, some intellectuals accused her of plagiarism.” Quoted from her biography.         People today take still use her work for instance in schools. In Cereta’s biography it is quoted “Cereta\'s life provides a good illustration of the type of dedication she advocated.”   Her letters have been compared to those of other early feminist critics such as Ann Finch, Anna Barbauld. These writers came some time after Cereta\'s but were said to “Rebuild and redefine the idea of gender.”          I believe the work is beautiful. Cereta’s outlook on things like marriage, life, and education..etc is so different from other woman of her time and I find it meaningful being a woman myself it gives me a feeling of comfort knowing not all women just care about material things.    I think what makes this most significant is the fact that she didn’t take no for an answer and she wasn’t afraid to be different. Today people can use that same motivation to follow their dreams and not be afraid to be different or set a new example. “These efforts, in turn, brought forth critics, both male and female, who, jealous of her accomplishments, belittled her work.” Tomasini, Laurae Ceretae epistolae                                                              Work Cited:     Biography by Jennifer Haraguchi, The University of Chicago   Gale Encyclopedia of Biography: Laura Cereta   Letter to Biblus Sempronius, Defense of the Liberal        Instruction of Women (Camille) From Laura Cereta, 1488   Letter to Augustinus Aemilius “Curse against the Ornamention of Women”   Tomasini, Laurae Ceretae epistolae   ','TCP1 ','','inherit','open','open','','3376-revision-v1','','','2013-09-27 16:01:47','2013-09-27 22:01:47','',3376,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3377',0,'revision','',0),(3380,91,'2013-09-28 16:12:15','0000-00-00 00:00:00','','Auto Draft','','auto-draft','open','open','','','','','2013-09-28 16:12:15','0000-00-00 00:00:00','',0,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3380',0,'post','',0),(3381,77,'2013-09-28 21:59:45','2013-09-29 03:59:45','<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/the-birth-of-venus-14851.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3382 aligncenter\" style=\"border-style: initial; border-color: initial; cursor: default; border-width: 0px;\" alt=\"the-birth-of-venus-1485(1)\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/the-birth-of-venus-14851-300x200.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" /></a></p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Sandro Botticelli’s “The Birth of Venus”</strong></p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http://mmmnoodles.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/botticelli-birth-venus.jpg\">http://mmmnoodles.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/botticelli-birth-venus.jpg</a></p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510) was an Italian painter of the early Renaissance and was known for assisting with fresco painting, and what he’s best known for, the Birth of Venus that he painted for ruler and master poet Lorenzo de’ Medici. Also according to web source, The Biography Channel, “Botticelli was also himself a master and contributed to the decoration the Sistine Chapel.” But his most famous is the Birth of Venus (1483), the first large-scale tempera on canvas there was in the early Renaissance. Botticelli used naturalism and realism and his own techniques making his work more luxurious and loud. The Birth of Venus is a rare masterpiece that has remained classic and is one of the most known works of perfection in the world. Botticelli was also known for the Florentine School and the Primavera, other works of art he’s made his mark in the world with. Botticelli’s perfect linear style and his strange techniques are worthy of reserving his timeless work, and due to Botticelli’s exquisite and individual style during “The Golden Age”, the Birth of Venus should be protected and admired for our future generations (web. total history).<!--more--></p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">This classic work from the early Renaissance time period in Florence, Italy was painted for Lorenzo de’ Medici. This tempera on canvas depicts the goddess Venus’s arrival from the shell to the shore, displaying her actual “birth”. Her birth is understood by her beautiful naked body emerging to the shore waiting to be clothed. Botticelli enhances the goddess through her soft bodily features such as her elongated neck and long torso. Venus is depicted as this graceful virgin being born, symbolizing love and beauty. As she arrives to the shore, a man and woman are clasped to each other with bright, colorful flower petals swaying around giving it a sense of them helping Venus arrive from the sea to the shore. To the right of the painting is a motherly woman awaiting to celebrate Venus’s arrival with a piece of clothing in her hands to clothe Venus as she arrives. Botticelli made the draping on the woman’s clothing to the right look very natural and realistic and in the background, and the colors of the forest and sea he made very bright and vibrant.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Web source, Artble, clarifies, “the commissioner provided the original source of<a href=\"http://www.artble.com/artists/jean-honore_fragonard/paintings/inspiration\"> inspiration</a> and that either he, or one of his learned friends, explained to the artist what was the story, as recounted by the ancients regarding Venus rising from the sea. The story would have been seen as a symbol of mystery in which the divine message came into the world, and Botticelli has done his best to depict this myth in a worthy manner.” There were many different theories on what the true meaning is behind this stunning piece of art. As defined in a web source, people who studied this work of art described it as “Neoplatonic”, a meaning far from the usual theme of the “Christian Catholic Church” (web. source total history). Viewers were drawn to this mystery meaning behind the painting and during this time of the Renaissance, poets and artists tried to capture the glory of the Renaissance. (web. artble)</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">During this time period of the Renaissance, most artists used the rich and the royals in their paintings and poetry. Lorenzo the Great was one of the first to begin this tradition of influencing this style in poetry, which lead to the painting, the Birth of Venus, by Botticelli. “For the men of the Renaissance, the mythology of the Greeks and Romans represented a superior form of truth and wisdom,” (Artble web source). Most famous paintings during the time of the Birth of Venus were inspired by the Kings and the royals of Rome, grasping the true richness of that time period. As web source Artble explains, Botticelli’s the Birth of Venus was the, “first large-scale canvas created in Renaissance, Florence.” The little things he did to his paintings were very unusual of this time period such as covering the painting with eggs white to preserve the paint so it doesn’t fade or discompose easily.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The Birth of Venus was unusual in only a few ways such as the size of the canvas being overwhelmingly large-scale, and also the little touches that Botticelli adds to the painting to keep it clean and in good shape for people of today to notice its brilliant beauty. This work stands out by its size and its texture. Botticelli is known for his unique styles of painting and his ways to keep his paintings looking fresh and luxurious even as time passes. As stated in web source, Artble, this painting resembles a fresco in the way it depicts its freshness and brightness.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">During the Renaissance, this painting was perceived to accomplish love and beauty. During this time period, painters were introducing mythology to their art and as it claims in web source Artble, “In the era that Birth of Venus was painted, minds were open to new ideas and religion no longer needed to be the main subject of artistic work” (Artble). This type of art (as displayed in the Birth of Venus) was very appealing to men. As portrayed in this work, Venus is pale with long hair, and her body is elongated; and most importantly she depicts a virgin. Venus was portrayed as every man’s dream woman back during the Renaissance. She is very melancholy in this painting which makes her more beautiful during her “birth”.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Today, people appreciate the Birth of Venus as much as it did early Renaissance, of not more. Blogger Jonathan Jones declares, “Botticelli\'s work recreates that image of the sea and sky soothed by the soft power of Venus. The sea in his <a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/painting\">painting</a> is lulled and luxuriant. It is a marvellous artistic creation” (Jones). During the Renaissance, other artists and viewers appreciated Botticelli’s creativity with his bright colors and his originality of using mythological scenes in his artworks. There aren’t many differences in the opinions of people of today and back in the early Renaissance. If any differences should be considered, then it’s that more people today find the Birth of Venus more appealing and pay more attention to the detail in the art and also the mysterious story behind this exquisite piece of work.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">This painting to me has always been one of my most favorites. The way Botticelli depicts Venus is subtle and sweet, but very elegant. I absolutely love the shape of her body in this painting; the way her torso and neck is prolonged making it the main focus on this piece of art. I also adore how Botticelli painted her hair very lengthy and a little messy, with her also covering her fragile area with her hair. Botticelli put a lot of focus on Venus’s body and also the drapery of the women to the right, waiting to clothe Venus; the clothing on her seems very bright and detailed with also the drape in her hands also depicting the same fashion. The details of all for figures, however, does not blend well with the background of the sea. The Birth of Venus was one of Botticelli’s first masterpieces using this type of mythology and scenery, he doesn’t use realism technique until later during the Renaissance. The forest in the background also isn’t too realistic, but the little details such as the flowers blooming, the drapery on the figure to the right, and the figure of Venus makes up for the abstract sea behind them. This art piece is a classic. Botticelli did his finest to express his originality in this perfected model, and did an excellent job of bringing bright light and illuminating colors to this amazing piece of art.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">In comparison, the Birth of Venus is extremely similar to Primavera, another masterpiece done by Botticelli. Both paintings are very vibrant and bright. Botticelli uses an informal landscape in the Primavera as well as the Birth of Venus. The figures in both paintings are similar due to the very center of the Birth of Venus, Venus is the main focus in the painting; and it is the same as for the Primavera. The figure in the center of both paintings, the bodies are both elongated with a very calm subtle stance. The figures beyond the center (left and right) of both paintings have many similarities such as the drapery of the dresses in the Birth of Venus, and the sheer coverings over the women figures in the Primavera. Botticelli uses so much color, and contrasts the dark background with the bright clothing worn by the figures.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">In contrast, the viewer of the Birth of Venus can see and understand every action of all the figures in the painting, and the painting is very direct. In the Primavera, there are many small scenes happening in the main large scene that the viewer doesn’t notice until taking a thorough look at the painting. Such as the evil figure to the right of the painting trying to snatch away one of the women. And also a baby cupid flying above in the very center to the top of the painting. There are many scenes focuses to the Primavera in contrast to one main focus in the Birth of Venus.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">This work is a complete, perfected, vibrant masterpiece. This specific piece of art is taught today in many college art courses. There’s a certain originality and beauty to Sandro Botticelli’s artworks, that one cannot resist but to keep it for our future generations. Botticelli invented a beautiful trend of painting large-scale mythological paintings, for other future artists to follow in his footsteps. For generations, the Birth of Venus has been unique to viewers, if it hadn’t, today’s people wouldn’t be studying it. The mystery, beauty, and originality behind the story of this painting is more than enough rationalism  to allow this painting to stay alive for generations to come.</p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Works Cited</strong></p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Dempsey, Charles “The Birth of Venus”</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Oxford University Press. 2007-2013.  Oxford Art Online</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">I found a lot of information about how art was being presented during this time period.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Jones, Jonathan. \"Botticelli\'s Birth of Venus breathes new life into an ancient religion.\" Jonathan Jones on art blog (2012). Web. 28 Sept. 2013.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">This shows how people pay attention to detail on the painting today.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Philip’s. “Botticelli, Sandro.” World Encyclopedia. 2004. ed. Print</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">This helped me focus on why the reason the Birth of Venus was painted and who it was painted for.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\"Sandro Botticelli.\" 2013. The Biography Channel website. Sep 22 2013, 09:20</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">This website helped me look at the details of this painting, and what makes the painting so different and unique.</p>\r\n<b><b> </b></b>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\"The Early Renaissance in Italy.\" Arts and Humanities Through the Eras. Ed. Edward I.     Bleiberg, et al. Vol. 4: Renaissance Europe 1300-1600. Detroit: Gale, 2005. 363-376. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 12 Sept. 2013.</p>\r\n<b><b> </b></b>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"> The Perception of Female Beauty In Art. N.p., 8 May 2011. Web. 23 Sept. 2013.</p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\">This is a blog that I looked up that talked about how people perceived Venus during the early Renaissance and what the true meaning behind the painting is.</p>','GargiDave-TCP1','','publish','open','open','','gargidave-tcp1','','','2013-09-29 09:50:34','2013-09-29 15:50:34','',0,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3381',0,'post','',8),(3374,1,'2013-09-27 10:53:05','2013-09-27 16:53:05','<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/PaKal.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-3366\" alt=\"PaKal\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/PaKal-177x300.jpg\" width=\"177\" height=\"300\" /></a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Pakal-color.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-3365\" alt=\"Pakal color\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Pakal-color-180x300.jpg\" width=\"180\" height=\"300\" /></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Sarcophagus lid in the Temple of Inscriptions 683 CE</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">http://chichcalan.com/vrml/grafika/sarcophagus.jpg</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3486/4649330363_2c9716cfd9_z.jpg</p>\r\nThe sarcophagus lid that that covered the tomb of Pakal inside the temple of inscriptions at Palenque. The lid was covered with the iconography of Pakal falling off the Wacah Chan, tree of life which connects the sky, earth, and underworld (Sayre). The tree represented the Mayan’s ability to interact with each of the three realms.  Pakal’s head is tilted back replicating that of a sacrificial victim, while his hair is bunled similarly to corn stalks. Both the posture and hair are meant to mimic many of the characteristics of the Maize god. (Blume).  On the top of the tree sits the feathered serpent (Sayre pg464). The celestial bird soars on the top of the lid, representing the sky realm (Blume).<!--more-->\r\n\r\nPakal’s tomb is unique since it can be accessed from the top of the temple of inscriptions, which allows scholars to link Pakal to the ideologies of the Mayan religion. The Mayan leaders maintained a connection with their ancestors as this played a critical role to Mayan beliefs.(Ching pg328) This piece is categorized as one of the best examples of Classic Mayan art. Like many of the pieces from this era, the icons and the inscriptions allow us to understand the Mayan’s sociopolitical organization.  Many of the topics covered in the piece revolve around ideology, power, conquest, defeats, alliances, and divine right to rule.\r\n\r\nScholars are beginning to understand the relationship between the Mayan rulers and their people. The Mayan used a written language that could not be deciphered due to the lack of documents that survived the Spanish conquest, only until 1958 scholars began publishing and deciphering the secrets of the Mayan. In 1986 \"The blood of kings\" was one of the first published documents that deciphered the complex relationship between the divine and the city states. Each of the lords was believed to have the ability to summon the gods through their flesh and blood. Kings would wage war with other city states and the defeated kings would have their blood run down the temples and have their hearts ripped out all to please the gods (Chippindale).\r\n\r\nThe sarcophagus lid of Pakal is found in the Temple of Inscriptions. In order to understand why the Temple of Inscriptions is unique from other Mayan temples, we have to understand the architecture. Many of the Mayan pyramids are simple in design usually a base with stairs on one of its side. The Temple of Inscriptions is unlike anything any of the other Mayan pyramids, has hidden stairway that leads a crypt. Inside the crypt archeologist found jewelry, the remains of human sacrifices, and the tomb of Pakal (Ruz).\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Temple-of-Injhscriptions.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3367 aligncenter\" alt=\"Temple of Injhscriptions\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Temple-of-Injhscriptions-300x162.jpg\" width=\"377\" height=\"202\" /></a>\r\n\r\nNot only has the sarcophagus of Pakal gathered attention from scholars, it has also become a part of popular culture. The Ancient astronaut theory suggest that the older civilazations were helped by advanced extraterrestials. Erik Von Daniken believes that the sarcophagus of Pakal is an actual representation of a spacecraft,  stating “…human being is sitting there, the chest slightly bent over, in the position of a racing pilot; nowadays, every child would identify his vehicle as a rocket”. Although much of the sarcaphogus has been deciphered, the ancient astronaut theory continues to gain support.  Before I knew anything about the Maya, I saw an image of the lid of Pakal next to a rocket and immediately began speculating Mayan technology. The images depicted on the lid seemed too abstract when compared to any of the other Mayan pieces.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Anastasis.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3368 aligncenter\" alt=\"Anastasis\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Anastasis-300x248.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"248\" /></a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-echpMcl0elU/T380mikKcBI/AAAAAAAABOI/XOYBfwhsclE/s1600/anastasis4.jpg</p>\r\nThe “Anastasis” or “Harrowing of hell” and Sarcophagus are two unique piece of art that depict each of the cultures most important religious figure travel to the underworld. In between the death of Christ but before his Resurrection, Christ makes the journey to the depths of hell and enters the domain of Satan. Pacal on the other hand is depicted falling off “tree of life”, while “???” waits to guide him to the underworld. In the Anastasis, Christ purpose of entering the underworld is different than Pacal decent. Christ enters the underworld to save all of those that came before Christ such as Adam, Eve, David, John the Baptist, and Moses. Forest summarizes the Christian’s view of death stating:\r\n\r\nThe undoing of the kingdom of death and thus the undoing of all that keeps us in a state of fear. After all, it’s death we fear and spend our lives resisting and delaying. It’s fear of death that stands in the way of actually living. Dig away at the other fears and sooner or later we discover our grave. Whatever delays we manage to arrange, the end is certain. But this icon reminds us that death doesn’t have the last word (Forest)\r\n\r\nThe Mayan’s viewed death was more relaxed than the Christian. One of the most important Mayan gods was the Maize god, which played a critical role with one of the central Mayan ideas. They believed that only fallen stalks would give birth to a new generation allowing the Mayan’s to participate and acknowledge their ancestor’s role do the creation of life.(Bloom) Although each of these religions was founded thousands of miles apart and at different points in time, they share the idea of an afterlife. Each of these culture’s ideas may be different but we will always be closer to each other than we believe we are.\r\n\r\nThe sarcophagus of Pakal is more than aesthetic piece of art. If there is one piece of Mayan art that captures the essence of the Mayan culture, this is the piece that does it best. It tells us the story of one of the greatest Mayan ruler Pakal, the relationship between his people and him, and the Mayan’s view of death.\r\n<p align=\"center\">Works Cited</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Blume, Anna. \"Royal Visions: Art Of The Maya Courts.\" Art In America 92.11 (2004): 102-151. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Sept. 2013.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Ching,Francis, et al. A Global history of Architecture. River Street: John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 2011. Print</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Chippindale, Christopher. \"The Last Great Decipherment.\" History Today 43.7 (1993): 59. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Sept. 2013</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Forest, Jim. \"Glorious Freedom.\" U.S. Catholic 71.4 (2006): 51. Academic Search Complete. Web. 23 Sept. 2013.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Grünschloß, Andreas. \"Ancient Astronaut Narrations. A Popular Discourse On Our Religious Past.\"Fabula 48.3-4 (2007): 205-228. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Sept. 2013.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Ruz L., Alberto. \"The Mystery Of The Mayan Temple.\" Saturday Evening Post 226.9 (1953): 30-98. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Sept. 2013.</p>\r\nSayre,Henry. A World of Art. Saddle River: Prentice Hall Pearson, 2010. Print','Sarcophagus Lid','','inherit','open','open','','3364-revision-v1','','','2013-09-27 10:53:05','2013-09-27 16:53:05','',3364,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3374',0,'revision','',0),(3373,1,'2013-09-27 10:43:56','2013-09-27 16:43:56','<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/PaKal.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-3366\" alt=\"PaKal\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/PaKal-177x300.jpg\" width=\"177\" height=\"300\" /></a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Pakal-color.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-3365\" alt=\"Pakal color\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Pakal-color-180x300.jpg\" width=\"180\" height=\"300\" /></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Sarcophagus lid in the Temple of Inscriptions 683 CE\r\nhttp://chichcalan.com/vrml/grafika/sarcophagus.jpg</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3486/4649330363_2c9716cfd9_z.jpg</p>\r\nThe sarcophagus lid that that covered the tomb of Pakal inside the temple of inscriptions at Palenque. The lid was covered with the iconography of Pakal falling off the Wacah Chan, tree of life which connects the sky, earth, and underworld (Sayre). The tree represented the Mayan’s ability to interact with each of the three realms.  Pakal’s head is tilted back replicating that of a sacrificial victim, while his hair is bunled similarly to corn stalks. Both the posture and hair are meant to mimic many of the characteristics of the Maize god. (Blume).  On the top of the tree sits the feathered serpent (Sayre pg464). The celestial bird soars on the top of the lid, representing the sky realm (Blume).<!--more-->\r\n\r\nPakal’s tomb is unique since it can be accessed from the top of the temple of inscriptions, which allows scholars to link Pakal to the ideologies of the Mayan religion. The Mayan leaders maintained a connection with their ancestors as this played a critical role to Mayan beliefs.(Ching pg328) This piece is categorized as one of the best examples of Classic Mayan art. Like many of the pieces from this era, the icons and the inscriptions allow us to understand the Mayan’s sociopolitical organization.  Many of the topics covered in the piece revolve around ideology, power, conquest, defeats, alliances, and divine right to rule.\r\n\r\nScholars are beginning to understand the relationship between the Mayan rulers and their people. The Mayan used a written language that could not be deciphered due to the lack of documents that survived the Spanish conquest, only until 1958 scholars began publishing and deciphering the secrets of the Mayan. In 1986 \"The blood of kings\" was one of the first published documents that deciphered the complex relationship between the divine and the city states. Each of the lords was believed to have the ability to summon the gods through their flesh and blood. Kings would wage war with other city states and the defeated kings would have their blood run down the temples and have their hearts ripped out all to please the gods (Chippindale).\r\n\r\nThe sarcophagus lid of Pakal is found in the Temple of Inscriptions. In order to understand why the Temple of Inscriptions is unique from other Mayan temples, we have to understand the architecture. Many of the Mayan pyramids are simple in design usually a base with stairs on one of its side. The Temple of Inscriptions is unlike anything any of the other Mayan pyramids, has hidden stairway that leads a crypt. Inside the crypt archeologist found jewelry, the remains of human sacrifices, and the tomb of Pakal (Ruz).\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Temple-of-Injhscriptions.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3367 aligncenter\" alt=\"Temple of Injhscriptions\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Temple-of-Injhscriptions-300x162.jpg\" width=\"377\" height=\"202\" /></a>\r\n\r\nNot only has the sarcophagus of Pakal gathered attention from scholars, it has also become a part of popular culture. The Ancient astronaut theory suggest that the older civilazations were helped by advanced extraterrestials. Erik Von Daniken believes that the sarcophagus of Pakal is an actual representation of a spacecraft,  stating “…human being is sitting there, the chest slightly bent over, in the position of a racing pilot; nowadays, every child would identify his vehicle as a rocket”. Although much of the sarcaphogus has been deciphered, the ancient astronaut theory continues to gain support.  Before I knew anything about the Maya, I saw an image of the lid of Pakal next to a rocket and immediately began speculating Mayan technology. The images depicted on the lid seemed too abstract when compared to any of the other Mayan pieces.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Anastasis.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3368 aligncenter\" alt=\"Anastasis\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Anastasis-300x248.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"248\" /></a>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-echpMcl0elU/T380mikKcBI/AAAAAAAABOI/XOYBfwhsclE/s1600/anastasis4.jpg</p>\r\nThe “Anastasis” or “Harrowing of hell” and Sarcophagus are two unique piece of art that depict each of the cultures most important religious figure travel to the underworld. In between the death of Christ but before his Resurrection, Christ makes the journey to the depths of hell and enters the domain of Satan. Pacal on the other hand is depicted falling off “tree of life”, while “???” waits to guide him to the underworld. In the Anastasis, Christ purpose of entering the underworld is different than Pacal decent. Christ enters the underworld to save all of those that came before Christ such as Adam, Eve, David, John the Baptist, and Moses. Forest summarizes the Christian’s view of death stating:\r\n\r\nThe undoing of the kingdom of death and thus the undoing of all that keeps us in a state of fear. After all, it’s death we fear and spend our lives resisting and delaying. It’s fear of death that stands in the way of actually living. Dig away at the other fears and sooner or later we discover our grave. Whatever delays we manage to arrange, the end is certain. But this icon reminds us that death doesn’t have the last word (Forest)\r\n\r\nThe Mayan’s viewed death was more relaxed than the Christian. One of the most important Mayan gods was the Maize god, which played a critical role with one of the central Mayan ideas. They believed that only fallen stalks would give birth to a new generation allowing the Mayan’s to participate and acknowledge their ancestor’s role do the creation of life.(Bloom) Although each of these religions was founded thousands of miles apart and at different points in time, they share the idea of an afterlife. Each of these culture’s ideas may be different but we will always be closer to each other than we believe we are.\r\n\r\nThe sarcophagus of Pakal is more than aesthetic piece of art. If there is one piece of Mayan art that captures the essence of the Mayan culture, this is the piece that does it best. It tells us the story of one of the greatest Mayan ruler Pakal, the relationship between his people and him, and the Mayan’s view of death.\r\n<p align=\"center\">Works Cited</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Blume, Anna. \"Royal Visions: Art Of The Maya Courts.\" Art In America 92.11 (2004): 102-151. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Sept. 2013.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Ching,Francis, et al. A Global history of Architecture. River Street: John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 2011. Print</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Chippindale, Christopher. \"The Last Great Decipherment.\" History Today 43.7 (1993): 59. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Sept. 2013</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Forest, Jim. \"Glorious Freedom.\" U.S. Catholic 71.4 (2006): 51. Academic Search Complete. Web. 23 Sept. 2013.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Grünschloß, Andreas. \"Ancient Astronaut Narrations. A Popular Discourse On Our Religious Past.\"Fabula 48.3-4 (2007): 205-228. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Sept. 2013.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\">Ruz L., Alberto. \"The Mystery Of The Mayan Temple.\" Saturday Evening Post 226.9 (1953): 30-98. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Sept. 2013.</p>\r\nSayre,Henry. A World of Art. Saddle River: Prentice Hall Pearson, 2010. Print','Sarcophagus Lid','','inherit','open','open','','3364-revision-v1','','','2013-09-27 10:43:56','2013-09-27 16:43:56','',3364,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3373',0,'revision','',0),(3823,95,'2013-12-16 18:19:41','2013-12-17 00:19:41','','the-matrix-path-of-neo-20051028070318749-000','','inherit','open','open','','the-matrix-path-of-neo-20051028070318749-000','','','2013-12-16 18:19:41','2013-12-17 00:19:41','',3822,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/the-matrix-path-of-neo-20051028070318749-000.jpg',0,'attachment','image/jpeg',0),(3824,95,'2013-12-16 18:19:46','2013-12-17 00:19:46','','a ruined earth','','inherit','open','open','','a-ruined-earth','','','2013-12-16 18:19:46','2013-12-17 00:19:46','',3822,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/a-ruined-earth.png',0,'attachment','image/png',0),(3825,95,'2013-12-16 18:19:48','2013-12-17 00:19:48','','restarts','','inherit','open','open','','restarts','','','2013-12-16 18:19:48','2013-12-17 00:19:48','',3822,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/restarts.jpg',0,'attachment','image/jpeg',0),(3826,95,'2013-12-16 18:19:49','2013-12-17 00:19:49','','prometheus-film-review-2012-alien-prequel-by-director-ridley-scott-04-david-8-looks-at-elizabeth-shaw-in-cryogenic-sleep-chamber','','inherit','open','open','','prometheus-film-review-2012-alien-prequel-by-director-ridley-scott-04-david-8-looks-at-elizabeth-shaw-in-cryogenic-sleep-chamber','','','2013-12-16 18:19:49','2013-12-17 00:19:49','',3822,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/prometheus-film-review-2012-alien-prequel-by-director-ridley-scott-04-david-8-looks-at-elizabeth-shaw-in-cryogenic-sleep-chamber.jpg',0,'attachment','image/jpeg',0),(3827,95,'2013-12-16 18:19:50','2013-12-17 00:19:50','','cryogenic_chamber_object_png_06_by_cheyenne75-d5la6ao','','inherit','open','open','','cryogenic_chamber_object_png_06_by_cheyenne75-d5la6ao','','','2013-12-16 18:19:50','2013-12-17 00:19:50','',3822,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/cryogenic_chamber_object_png_06_by_cheyenne75-d5la6ao.png',0,'attachment','image/png',0),(3828,95,'2013-12-16 18:58:46','2013-12-17 00:58:46','<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/441882468.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3829 aligncenter\" title=\"Goodbye Humanity!\" alt=\"441882468\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/441882468-300x168.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" /></a></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">During  the world grew more populated with new generations and generations of people, the demand for natural resources flew past the amount of what was available. It was clear to everyone that humanities\'s demise was at hand. From there, a new style of living was required if the human race was going to be able to survive.  The world joined together and gathered their greatest technology to sport this new lifestyle, one that would break the norm entirely. Which was the direct connection from the human brain into \"cyber-space\".  A bridge from a person\'s  whole neurological system that gets tied into a high human-akin bipedal robot; one that could withstand the conditions of working in other planets. This idea would require many decades to grow into the living conditions.  This kind of strict branching would mean that you were stripped of many valued freedoms, even to the point where people were assigned jobs. Any sort of job that dealt with other planets would require having to be tied to a machine that sent and revived metadata relevant to the host\'s brain frequencies. And outside jobs were assigned to just about everyone at this time, regardless of gender or age.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><!--more--></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">As many more decades go by, the idea of \'human\' becomes more and more distant as individuals are \'Mentally Transported\' between bodies and robotic husks used for the jobs at hand. It took much effort, but it was agreed that the importance of humanity must be upheld. Fallowing this movement was a large set of entertainment purposed \'Play grounds\'. This is what was instead of having the host\'s mind beamed into another body, their neurological copycat was placed inside of a computerized server that would simulate early world events, such as the events and items we have today, or even before then. This concept quickly exploded as people were able to experience euphoric events at spontaneous speeds. And against a crowded strict outer space environment, people spent most of their times \'jacked in\' their work station, and this jeopardized a lot of progress for the world powers. Eventually there were chambers specifically made to house the human body as a whole. leaving their mind constantly in the system at all times. They would be able to quickly beam people from their \'lives\' and back into their jobs. Decades will pass and even more efforts to keep as much as their humanity will be brought up.</p>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_3830\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/13427739_2.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3830\" alt=\"Living the life\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/13427739_2-300x168.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" /></a> &lt;http://media.liveauctiongroup.net/i/13256/13427739_2.jpg?v=8CF3C5C8C8B5A90&gt;[/caption]\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Eventually cultural stagnation threatens the system and overall well being of the human race, the virtual world in cyber space will be programmed with many useful facilities and  terminals that would greatly encourage right brain development. The very first of these will be \'Play Grounds\' strictly dedicated to study well preserved ideas and arts. These four special facilities would be open to anyone who desires not to work, but rather would re-create individualism and styles. These key exhibits would be Octavio Paz’ Labyrinth of Solitude, Lumière Brothers\' Demolition of a Wall, Bach\'s Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 in G Major, And Brunelleschi’s Dome in Florence. These four \'playgrounds\' will spread an idea of knowledge in a handsome range of Literature, philosophy, sculpture, architecture,  music, and even film. Having have been fully preserved in either idea or concept; they made a huge importance in recapturing humanity.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">These works would be displayed in their own cyber world in a theme that bests supports the lesson behind it. Since the idea of \'learning\' how to be creative is one of the end goals, the playground apart of them will end up being decently manipulative, based  on the work. They\'ll all be hosted in a \'white void\' type of room, filled with only the necessary tools required inside of it. If one was to enter the PlayGround for Octavio Paz’ Labyrinth of Solitude; they would be introduced to a bookshelf with all of his books and studies. Upon picking up one of his works, the world around transform from it\'s default \"White Void\" environment to a relevant virtual world of people walking distantly around in a secluded and dim space. The idea of stressing the importance of a man\'s natural feeling of solitude once he discovers himself. Understanding humanity and it\'s emotional concepts can be exaggerated visually, making learning easy. Even passively affecting those who think they missed the main point.</p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Since these works are hosted in a virtual world, switching between exhibits will be spontaneous and mostly independent experience. The user will have to access a device attached to his  \'bodily extension\' which allows him to download himself into a copy of any of the available PlayGround. The method proves to be abstract but the control between each and the teachings behind it will effectively form individualism and ultimately mold a culture to indulge in. An important desire due time the human race finds another planet to inhabit.</p>','Final Project','','publish','open','open','','3828','','','2013-12-17 09:06:07','2013-12-17 15:06:07','',0,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3828',0,'post','',0),(3376,83,'2013-09-27 16:01:47','2013-09-27 22:01:47','Laura Cereta (1469-1499) was considered to be a Renaissance feminist and an Italian philosopher. According to the Gale Encyclopedia of Biography , “Cereta wrote letters throughout her short adult life, the contents of which formed the basis of feminism that surfaced during the Enlightenment of the 18th century.” Cereta\'s work were letters she wrote using her own opinion of topics such as, marriage and family, education, etc.. All of these letters were things that were going on during her time. Jennifer Hargucgi, of The University of Chicago wrote “Some of the correspondents were fictitious, and her father sent a number of them to the Dominican friar Tommaso of Milan, who wrote back praising them.” During that period of time it was not common for women to write nor were they held in high status she changed that by being so strong willed and not letting anyone tell her that her work was not hers. She believed that a woman could create work just as good if not better than a man.<!--more--> In her biography it is written that “In an epistle entitled Curse against the Ornamentation of Women, she denounces women who find more interest in jewelry, cosmetics, and attire than in enriching their minds.” Although her work may have not been accepted, Cereta’s work was typical of its era because at that time there were not many women who were bold enough to write about such topics. Women were not held in a high regard nor were they known to have reading and writing talent. This piece stands out because she was the first woman to stand up and make a difference. “Because her Latin composition was so good, some intellectuals accused her of plagiarism.” Quoted from her biography. People today take still use her work for instance in schools. In Cereta’s biography it is quoted “Cereta\'s life provides a good illustration of the type of dedication she advocated.” Her letters have been compared to those of other early feminist critics such as Ann Finch, Anna Barbauld. These writers came some time after Cereta\'s but were said to “Rebuild and redefine the idea of gender.” I believe the work is beautiful. Cereta’s outlook on things like marriage, life, and education..etc is so different from other woman of her time and I find it meaningful being a woman myself it gives me a feeling of comfort knowing not all women just care about material things. I think what makes this most significant is the fact that she didn’t take no for an answer and she wasn’t afraid to be different. Today people can use that same motivation to follow their dreams and not be afraid to be different or set a new example. “These efforts, in turn, brought forth critics, both male and female, who, jealous of her accomplishments, belittled her work.” Tomasini, Laurae Ceretae epistolae\r\n\r\nWork Cited: Biography by Jennifer Haraguchi, The University of Chicago Gale Encyclopedia of Biography: Laura Cereta Letter to Biblus Sempronius, Defense of the Liberal Instruction of Women (Camille) From Laura Cereta, 1488 Letter to Augustinus Aemilius “Curse against the Ornamention of Women” Tomasini, Laurae Ceretae epistolae','Laura Cereta ','','publish','open','open','','tcp1','','','2013-10-20 17:37:08','2013-10-20 23:37:08','',0,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3376',0,'post','',6),(3370,89,'2013-10-09 15:49:38','2013-10-09 21:49:38','<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/PaKal.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-3366\" alt=\"PaKal\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/PaKal-177x300.jpg\" width=\"177\" height=\"300\" /></a>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Pakal-color.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-3365\" alt=\"Pakal color\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Pakal-color-180x300.jpg\" width=\"180\" height=\"300\" /></a></p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Sarcophagus lid in the Temple of Inscriptions 683 CE</p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">http://chichcalan.com/vrml/grafika/sarcophagus.jpg</p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3486/4649330363_2c9716cfd9_z.jpg</p>\nThe sarcophagus lid that that covered the tomb of Pakal inside the temple of inscriptions at Palenque. The lid was covered with the iconography of Pakal falling off the Wacah Chan, tree of life which connects the sky, earth, and underworld (Sayre). The tree represented the Mayan’s ability to interact with each of the three realms.  Pakal’s head is tilted back replicating that of a sacrificial victim, while his hair is bunled similarly to corn stalks. Both the posture and hair are meant to mimic many of the characteristics of the Maize god. (Blume).  On the top of the tree sits the feathered serpent (Sayre pg464). The celestial bird soars on the top of the lid, representing the sky realm (Blume).<!--more-->\n\nPakal’s tomb is unique since it can be accessed from the top of the temple of inscriptions, which allows scholars to link Pakal to the ideologies of the Mayan religion. The Mayan leaders maintained a connection with their ancestors as this played a critical role to Mayan beliefs.(Ching pg328) This piece is categorized as one of the best examples of Classic Mayan art. Like many of the pieces from this era, the icons and the inscriptions allow us to understand the Mayan’s sociopolitical organization.  Many of the topics covered in the piece revolve around ideology, power, conquest, defeats, alliances, and divine right to rule.\n\nScholars are beginning to understand the relationship between the Mayan rulers and their people. The Mayan used a written language that could not be deciphered due to the lack of documents that survived the Spanish conquest, only until 1958 scholars began publishing and deciphering the secrets of the Mayan. In 1986 \"The blood of kings\" was one of the first published documents that deciphered the complex relationship between the divine and the city states. Each of the lords was believed to have the ability to summon the gods through their flesh and blood. Kings would wage war with other city states and the defeated kings would have their blood run down the temples and have their hearts ripped out all to please the gods (Chippindale).\n\nThe sarcophagus lid of Pakal is found in the Temple of Inscriptions. In order to understand why the Temple of Inscriptions is unique from other Mayan temples, we have to understand the architecture. Many of the Mayan pyramids are simple in design usually a base with stairs on one of its side. The Temple of Inscriptions is unlike anything any of the other Mayan pyramids, has hidden stairway that leads a crypt. Inside the crypt archeologist found jewelry, the remains of human sacrifices, and the tomb of Pakal (Ruz).\n\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Temple-of-Injhscriptions.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3367 aligncenter\" alt=\"Temple of Injhscriptions\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Temple-of-Injhscriptions-300x162.jpg\" width=\"377\" height=\"202\" /></a>\n\n<a href=\"http://www.chicagosee.com/explanations/Inscription%20drawing.jpg\">http://www.chicagosee.com/explanations/Inscription%20drawing.jpg</a>\n\nNot only has the sarcophagus of Pakal gathered attention from scholars, it has also become a part of popular culture. The Ancient astronaut theory suggest that the older civilazations were helped by advanced extraterrestials. Erik Von Daniken believes that the sarcophagus of Pakal is an actual representation of a spacecraft,  stating “…human being is sitting there, the chest slightly bent over, in the position of a racing pilot; nowadays, every child would identify his vehicle as a rocket”. Although much of the sarcaphogus has been deciphered, the ancient astronaut theory continues to gain support.  Before I knew anything about the Maya, I saw an image of the lid of Pakal next to a rocket and immediately began speculating Mayan technology. The images depicted on the lid seemed too abstract when compared to any of the other Mayan pieces.\n\n<a href=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Anastasis.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-3368 aligncenter\" alt=\"Anastasis\" src=\"http://jeanatacc.com/2011/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Anastasis-300x248.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"248\" /></a>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-echpMcl0elU/T380mikKcBI/AAAAAAAABOI/XOYBfwhsclE/s1600/anastasis4.jpg</p>\nThe “Anastasis” or “Harrowing of hell” and Sarcophagus are two unique piece of art that depict each of the cultures most important religious figure travel to the underworld. In between the death of Christ but before his Resurrection, Christ makes the journey to the depths of hell and enters the domain of Satan. Pacal on the other hand is depicted falling off “tree of life”, while “???” waits to guide him to the underworld. In the Anastasis, Christ purpose of entering the underworld is different than Pacal decent. Christ enters the underworld to save all of those that came before Christ such as Adam, Eve, David, John the Baptist, and Moses. Forest summarizes the Christian’s view of death stating:\n\nThe undoing of the kingdom of death and thus the undoing of all that keeps us in a state of fear. After all, it’s death we fear and spend our lives resisting and delaying. It’s fear of death that stands in the way of actually living. Dig away at the other fears and sooner or later we discover our grave. Whatever delays we manage to arrange, the end is certain. But this icon reminds us that death doesn’t have the last word (Forest)\n\nThe Mayan’s viewed death was more relaxed than the Christian. One of the most important Mayan gods was the Maize god, which played a critical role with one of the central Mayan ideas. They believed that only fallen stalks would give birth to a new generation allowing the Mayan’s to participate and acknowledge their ancestor’s role do the creation of life.(Bloom) Although each of these religions was founded thousands of miles apart and at different points in time, they share the idea of an afterlife. Each of these culture’s ideas may be different but we will always be closer to each other than we believe we are.\n\nThe sarcophagus of Pakal is more than aesthetic piece of art. If there is one piece of Mayan art that captures the essence of the Mayan culture, this is the piece that does it best. It tells us the story of one of the greatest Mayan ruler Pakal, the relationship between his people and him, and the Mayan’s view of death.\n<p align=\"center\">Works Cited</p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\" align=\"center\">Blume, Anna. \"Royal Visions: Art Of The Maya Courts.\" Art In America 92.11 (2004): 102-151. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Sept. 2013.</p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\" align=\"center\">Ching,Francis, et al. A Global history of Architecture. River Street: John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 2011. Print</p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\" align=\"center\">Chippindale, Christopher. \"The Last Great Decipherment.\" History Today 43.7 (1993): 59. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Sept. 2013</p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\" align=\"center\">Forest, Jim. \"Glorious Freedom.\" U.S. Catholic 71.4 (2006): 51. Academic Search Complete. Web. 23 Sept. 2013.</p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\" align=\"center\">Grünschloß, Andreas. \"Ancient Astronaut Narrations. A Popular Discourse On Our Religious Past.\"Fabula 48.3-4 (2007): 205-228. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Sept. 2013.</p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\" align=\"center\">Ruz L., Alberto. \"The Mystery Of The Mayan Temple.\" Saturday Evening Post 226.9 (1953): 30-98. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Sept. 2013.</p>\nSayre,Henry. A World of Art. Saddle River: Prentice Hall Pearson, 2010. Print','Sarcophagus Lid','','inherit','open','open','','3364-autosave-v1','','','2013-10-09 15:49:38','2013-10-09 21:49:38','',3364,'http://jeanatacc.com/2011/?p=3370',0,'revision','',0),