(5418,'82.8.167.110','1275135683','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/business/aqaindex.htm','business studies','[11th/12th]','business management/studies','Saturday  13:21  29/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','4','1','anon','AQA - revision site for teachers of Business Studies (limited number of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - MARKETING AND ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE*2**4**4*MARKETING*4*Market Segmentation*4*Small budget market research*4*Niche versus mass marketing (worksheet only)*4*Product versus market orientation*4*Marketing mix*4*Place*4*Price*4*Promotion notes*4*  - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation*4*- Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4* - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4*Product*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4*Boston product matrix*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Changes in consumer tastes*4**4*ACCOUNTING AND 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Decentralisation*4*Participation and involvement*4*Span of control*4*Management by objectives (links only)*4*Motivation (links only)*4*Financial incentives (links only)*4**4*OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT*4*Economies and diseconomies of scale*4*Capacity utilisation*4*Production overview*4*Job production*4* Batch production*4*Flow production*4*Stock control*4*Just in Time*4*Kaizen (links only)*1*UNIT 3 - EXTERNAL INFLUENCES AND STRATEGY*2**4*EXTERNAL INFLUENCES*4*The business cycle*4*Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4* Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables *4**4*OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGY*4*Starting a Small Firm*4*Identifying an opportunity*4*Small budget market research*4*Small budget marketing*4*Patents*4*Cash flow*4* Customer base*4*Changes in consumer tastes*4*Legal structure*4*SWOT analysis*1*UNIT 4 - MARKETING AND ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE*2**4*Interpretation of profit and loss accounts and balance sheets*4*Window dressing (see Interpretation of profit and loss 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Time*4*Kaizen (links only)*1*UNIT 3 - EXTERNAL INFLUENCES AND STRATEGY*2**4*EXTERNAL INFLUENCES*4*The business cycle*4*Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4* Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables *4**4*OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGY*4*Starting a Small Firm*4*Identifying an opportunity*4*Small budget market research*4*Small budget marketing*4*Patents*4*Cash flow*4* Customer base*4*Changes in consumer tastes*4*Legal structure*4*SWOT analysis*1*UNIT 4 - MARKETING AND ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE*2**4*Interpretation of profit and loss accounts and balance sheets*4*Window dressing (see Interpretation of profit and loss accounts and balance sheets)*4*Liquidity (acid test only)*4*Financial efficiency (asset turnover, stock turnover and debtor days)*4*Gearing (loans: capital employed)*4*Profitability (profit margins and return on capital)*4*Shareholders ratios (dividend per share and dividend yield)*4*Contribution and Break-even Analysis*1*UNIT 5 - PEOPLE AND OPERATIONS 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PowerPoint Presentation*4*Product*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4*Boston product matrix*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Changes in consumer tastes*4**4*ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE*4*Costs*4*Revenue*4*Profit*4*Contribution*4*Break-even analysis*4*Cash flow management*4*Budgeting *1*UNIT 2 - PEOPLE AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT*2**4*PEOPLE IN ORGANISATIONS*4*Organisational design *4*Delegation*4*Centralistion and Decentralisation*4*Participation and involvement*4*Span of control*4*Management by objectives (links only)*4*Motivation (links only)*4*Financial incentives (links only)*4**4*OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT*4*Economies and diseconomies of scale*4*Capacity utilisation*4*Production overview*4*Job production*4* Batch production*4*Flow production*4*Stock control*4*Just in Time*4*Kaizen (links only)*1*UNIT 3 - EXTERNAL INFLUENCES AND STRATEGY*2**4*EXTERNAL INFLUENCES*4*The business cycle*4*Interest 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_m_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _(_w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _v_e_r_s_u_s_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _o_r_i_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_F_i_n_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_s_*_4_*_ _M_o_t_i_v_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_O_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_s_i_g_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _d_i_s_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _s_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_a_p_a_c_i_t_y_ _u_t_i_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _o_v_e_r_v_i_e_w_*_4_*_J_o_b_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_B_a_t_c_h_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_F_l_o_w_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_t_o_c_k_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_*_4_*_J_u_s_t_ _i_n_ _T_i_m_e_*_4_*_K_a_i_z_e_n_ _(_l_i_n_k_s_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _F_U_R_T_H_E_R_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_I_N_G_ _(_O_P_T_I_O_N_A_L_)_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_ _*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_ _(_D_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_:_ _l_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _(_P_r_i_c_i_n_g_:_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_,_ _p_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_ _(_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_:_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_,_ _s_a_l_e_s_ _p_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_e_r_s_o_n_a_l_ _s_e_l_l_i_n_g_,_ _b_r_a_n_d_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_ _ _*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _(_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_:_ _v_a_l_u_e_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_,_ _t_h_e_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_ _B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_0_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _S_T_R_A_T_E_G_Y_*_2_*_C_r_i_t_i_c_a_l_ _p_a_t_h_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_f_o_r_m_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _f_o_r_m_a_l_ _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_s_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_i_c_u_l_t_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _l_a_r_g_e_r_ _o_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _s_o_l_u_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_B_u_d_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_L_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_a_t_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_U_s_e_ _o_f_ _I_T_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _u_n_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_A_C_A_S','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5441,'82.8.167.110','1275142960','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/business/ocr10bus.htm','business studies','[9th/10th]','business management/studies','Saturday  15:23  29/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','4','1','anon','OCR - revision site for teachers of Business Management (limited number of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - BUSINESSES, THEIR OBJECTIVES AND ENVIRONMENT*2*The business cycle*4* Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Environmental External costs*1*UNIT 2 - BUSINESS DECISIONS AND UNIT 3 BUSINESS BEHAVIOUR*2*Market Segmentation*4*Market research (small budget only)*4*Niche versus mass marketing (worksheet only)*4*Product versus market orientation*4*Marketing mix*4*Place*4*Price*4*Promotion notes*4*  - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation*4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4*  - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4*Product*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4*Boston product matrix*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Costs*4*Final accounts*4* Motivation*4*Organisational design*4*Economies and diseconomies of scale*4*Capacity utilisation*4*Production overview*4*Job production*4*Batch production*4*Flow production*4*Stock control*4*Just in Time*4*Kaizen (links only)*4**1*UNIT 4 - FURTHER MARKETING (OPTIONAL)*2*Marketing mix *4*Place (Distribution: location, patterns of distribution)*4*Price (Pricing: elasticity, pricing strategies)*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Promotion notes (Promotion: advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, branding)*4* - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation  *4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4* - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4* Product (Product: value analysis, the product life cycle)*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4* Boston product matrix*1*UNIT 10 - BUSINESS STRATEGY*2*Critical path analysis*4*The business cycle*4*Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Technological change*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Social change*4*Environmental External costs*4*Communication*4*Types of communication*4*Informal and formal networks*4*Barriers to effective communication*4*Difficulties for larger organisations and possible solutions*4*Budgets*4*Location*4*Ratio analysis*4*Use of IT*4*Trade unions*4*ACAS','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_/_o_c_r_1_0_b_u_s_._h_t_m','_b_u_s_ _s_t_u_d_/_m_g_t','','_1','','0','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','_O_C_R_ _-_ _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _s_i_t_e_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_a_c_h_e_r_s_ _o_f_ _B_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _S_t_u_d_i_e_s_ _(_l_i_m_i_t_e_d_ _n_u_m_b_e_r_ _o_f_ _w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_s_)_ _a_n_d_ _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _w_e_b_s_i_t_e_ 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_u_t_i_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _o_v_e_r_v_i_e_w_*_4_*_J_o_b_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_B_a_t_c_h_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_F_l_o_w_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_t_o_c_k_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_*_4_*_J_u_s_t_ _i_n_ _T_i_m_e_*_4_*_K_a_i_z_e_n_ _(_l_i_n_k_s_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _F_U_R_T_H_E_R_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_I_N_G_ _(_O_P_T_I_O_N_A_L_)_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_ _*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_ _(_D_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_:_ _l_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _(_P_r_i_c_i_n_g_:_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_,_ _p_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_ _(_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_:_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_,_ _s_a_l_e_s_ _p_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_e_r_s_o_n_a_l_ _s_e_l_l_i_n_g_,_ _b_r_a_n_d_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_ _ _*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _(_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_:_ _v_a_l_u_e_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_,_ _t_h_e_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_ _B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_0_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _S_T_R_A_T_E_G_Y_*_2_*_C_r_i_t_i_c_a_l_ _p_a_t_h_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_f_o_r_m_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _f_o_r_m_a_l_ _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_s_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_i_c_u_l_t_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _l_a_r_g_e_r_ _o_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _s_o_l_u_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_B_u_d_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_L_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_a_t_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_U_s_e_ _o_f_ _I_T_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _u_n_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_A_C_A_S','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5442,'82.8.167.110','1275142960','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/business/ocr10bus.htm','business studies','[11th/12th]','business management/studies','Saturday  15:23  29/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','4','1','anon','OCR - 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Motivation*4*Organisational design*4*Economies and diseconomies of scale*4*Capacity utilisation*4*Production overview*4*Job production*4*Batch production*4*Flow production*4*Stock control*4*Just in Time*4*Kaizen (links only)*4**1*UNIT 4 - FURTHER MARKETING (OPTIONAL)*2*Marketing mix *4*Place (Distribution: location, patterns of distribution)*4*Price (Pricing: elasticity, pricing strategies)*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Promotion notes (Promotion: advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, branding)*4* - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation  *4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4* - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4* Product (Product: value analysis, the product life cycle)*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4* Boston product matrix*1*UNIT 10 - BUSINESS STRATEGY*2*Critical path analysis*4*The business cycle*4*Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Technological change*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Social change*4*Environmental External costs*4*Communication*4*Types of communication*4*Informal and formal networks*4*Barriers to effective communication*4*Difficulties for larger organisations and possible solutions*4*Budgets*4*Location*4*Ratio analysis*4*Use of IT*4*Trade unions*4*ACAS','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_/_o_c_r_1_0_b_u_s_._h_t_m','_b_u_s_ _s_t_u_d_/_m_g_t','','_1','','0','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','_O_C_R_ _-_ _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _s_i_t_e_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_a_c_h_e_r_s_ _o_f_ _B_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _S_t_u_d_i_e_s_ _(_l_i_m_i_t_e_d_ _n_u_m_b_e_r_ _o_f_ _w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_s_)_ _a_n_d_ _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _w_e_b_s_i_t_e_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_E_S_,_ _T_H_E_I_R_ _O_B_J_E_C_T_I_V_E_S_ _A_N_D_ _E_N_V_I_R_O_N_M_E_N_T_*_2_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_ _I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _D_E_C_I_S_I_O_N_S_ _A_N_D_ _U_N_I_T_ _3_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _B_E_H_A_V_I_O_U_R_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ _S_e_g_m_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ _r_e_s_e_a_r_c_h_ _(_s_m_a_l_l_ _b_u_d_g_e_t_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_N_i_c_h_e_ _v_e_r_s_u_s_ _m_a_s_s_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _(_w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _v_e_r_s_u_s_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _o_r_i_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_F_i_n_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_s_*_4_*_ _M_o_t_i_v_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_O_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_s_i_g_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _d_i_s_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _s_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_a_p_a_c_i_t_y_ _u_t_i_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _o_v_e_r_v_i_e_w_*_4_*_J_o_b_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_B_a_t_c_h_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_F_l_o_w_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_t_o_c_k_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_*_4_*_J_u_s_t_ _i_n_ _T_i_m_e_*_4_*_K_a_i_z_e_n_ _(_l_i_n_k_s_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _F_U_R_T_H_E_R_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_I_N_G_ _(_O_P_T_I_O_N_A_L_)_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_ _*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_ _(_D_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_:_ _l_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _(_P_r_i_c_i_n_g_:_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_,_ _p_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_ _(_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_:_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_,_ _s_a_l_e_s_ _p_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_e_r_s_o_n_a_l_ _s_e_l_l_i_n_g_,_ _b_r_a_n_d_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_ _ _*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _(_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_:_ _v_a_l_u_e_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_,_ _t_h_e_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_ _B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_0_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _S_T_R_A_T_E_G_Y_*_2_*_C_r_i_t_i_c_a_l_ _p_a_t_h_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_f_o_r_m_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _f_o_r_m_a_l_ _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_s_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_i_c_u_l_t_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _l_a_r_g_e_r_ _o_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _s_o_l_u_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_B_u_d_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_L_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_a_t_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_U_s_e_ _o_f_ _I_T_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _u_n_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_A_C_A_S','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5443,'82.8.167.110','1275142960','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/business/ocr10bus.htm','business management','[s3/s4]','business management/studies','Saturday  15:24  29/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','OCR - revision site for teachers of Business Management (limited number of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - BUSINESSES, THEIR OBJECTIVES AND ENVIRONMENT*2*The business cycle*4* Interest rates*4*Exchange 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only)*4**1*UNIT 4 - FURTHER MARKETING (OPTIONAL)*2*Marketing mix *4*Place (Distribution: location, patterns of distribution)*4*Price (Pricing: elasticity, pricing strategies)*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Promotion notes (Promotion: advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, branding)*4* - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation  *4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4* - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4* Product (Product: value analysis, the product life cycle)*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4* Boston product matrix*1*UNIT 10 - BUSINESS STRATEGY*2*Critical path analysis*4*The business cycle*4*Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Technological change*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Social change*4*Environmental External costs*4*Communication*4*Types of 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_v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _D_E_C_I_S_I_O_N_S_ _A_N_D_ _U_N_I_T_ _3_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _B_E_H_A_V_I_O_U_R_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ _S_e_g_m_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ _r_e_s_e_a_r_c_h_ _(_s_m_a_l_l_ _b_u_d_g_e_t_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_N_i_c_h_e_ _v_e_r_s_u_s_ _m_a_s_s_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _(_w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _v_e_r_s_u_s_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _o_r_i_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_F_i_n_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_s_*_4_*_ _M_o_t_i_v_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_O_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_s_i_g_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _d_i_s_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _s_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_a_p_a_c_i_t_y_ _u_t_i_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _o_v_e_r_v_i_e_w_*_4_*_J_o_b_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_B_a_t_c_h_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_F_l_o_w_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_t_o_c_k_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_*_4_*_J_u_s_t_ _i_n_ _T_i_m_e_*_4_*_K_a_i_z_e_n_ _(_l_i_n_k_s_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _F_U_R_T_H_E_R_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_I_N_G_ _(_O_P_T_I_O_N_A_L_)_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_ _*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_ _(_D_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_:_ _l_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _(_P_r_i_c_i_n_g_:_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_,_ _p_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_ _(_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_:_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_,_ _s_a_l_e_s_ _p_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_e_r_s_o_n_a_l_ _s_e_l_l_i_n_g_,_ _b_r_a_n_d_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_ _ _*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _(_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_:_ _v_a_l_u_e_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_,_ _t_h_e_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_ _B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_0_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _S_T_R_A_T_E_G_Y_*_2_*_C_r_i_t_i_c_a_l_ _p_a_t_h_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_f_o_r_m_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _f_o_r_m_a_l_ _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_s_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_i_c_u_l_t_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _l_a_r_g_e_r_ _o_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _s_o_l_u_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_B_u_d_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_L_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_a_t_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_U_s_e_ _o_f_ _I_T_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _u_n_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_A_C_A_S','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5444,'82.8.167.110','1275142960','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/business/ocr10bus.htm','business management','[s5/s6]','business management/studies','Saturday  15:24  29/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','OCR - revision site for teachers of Business Management (limited number of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - BUSINESSES, THEIR OBJECTIVES AND ENVIRONMENT*2*The business cycle*4* Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Environmental External costs*1*UNIT 2 - BUSINESS DECISIONS AND UNIT 3 BUSINESS BEHAVIOUR*2*Market Segmentation*4*Market research (small budget only)*4*Niche versus mass marketing (worksheet only)*4*Product versus market orientation*4*Marketing mix*4*Place*4*Price*4*Promotion notes*4*  - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation*4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4*  - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4*Product*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4*Boston product matrix*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Costs*4*Final accounts*4* Motivation*4*Organisational design*4*Economies and diseconomies of scale*4*Capacity utilisation*4*Production overview*4*Job production*4*Batch production*4*Flow production*4*Stock control*4*Just in Time*4*Kaizen (links only)*4**1*UNIT 4 - FURTHER MARKETING (OPTIONAL)*2*Marketing mix *4*Place (Distribution: location, patterns of distribution)*4*Price (Pricing: elasticity, pricing strategies)*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Promotion notes (Promotion: advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, branding)*4* - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation  *4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4* - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4* Product (Product: value analysis, the product life cycle)*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4* Boston product matrix*1*UNIT 10 - BUSINESS STRATEGY*2*Critical path analysis*4*The business cycle*4*Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Technological change*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Social change*4*Environmental External costs*4*Communication*4*Types of communication*4*Informal and formal networks*4*Barriers to effective communication*4*Difficulties for larger organisations and possible 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_E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _D_E_C_I_S_I_O_N_S_ _A_N_D_ _U_N_I_T_ _3_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _B_E_H_A_V_I_O_U_R_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ _S_e_g_m_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ _r_e_s_e_a_r_c_h_ _(_s_m_a_l_l_ _b_u_d_g_e_t_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_N_i_c_h_e_ _v_e_r_s_u_s_ _m_a_s_s_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _(_w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _v_e_r_s_u_s_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _o_r_i_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_F_i_n_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_s_*_4_*_ _M_o_t_i_v_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_O_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_s_i_g_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _d_i_s_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _s_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_a_p_a_c_i_t_y_ _u_t_i_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _o_v_e_r_v_i_e_w_*_4_*_J_o_b_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_B_a_t_c_h_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_F_l_o_w_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_t_o_c_k_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_*_4_*_J_u_s_t_ _i_n_ _T_i_m_e_*_4_*_K_a_i_z_e_n_ _(_l_i_n_k_s_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _F_U_R_T_H_E_R_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_I_N_G_ _(_O_P_T_I_O_N_A_L_)_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_ _*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_ _(_D_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_:_ _l_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _(_P_r_i_c_i_n_g_:_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_,_ _p_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_ _(_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_:_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_,_ _s_a_l_e_s_ _p_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_e_r_s_o_n_a_l_ _s_e_l_l_i_n_g_,_ _b_r_a_n_d_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_ _ _*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _(_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_:_ _v_a_l_u_e_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_,_ _t_h_e_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_ _B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_0_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _S_T_R_A_T_E_G_Y_*_2_*_C_r_i_t_i_c_a_l_ _p_a_t_h_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_f_o_r_m_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _f_o_r_m_a_l_ _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_s_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_i_c_u_l_t_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _l_a_r_g_e_r_ _o_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _s_o_l_u_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_B_u_d_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_L_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_a_t_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_U_s_e_ _o_f_ _I_T_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _u_n_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_A_C_A_S','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5445,'82.8.167.110','1275142960','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/business/ocr10bus.htm','business management','intermediate 2','business management/studies','Saturday  15:24  29/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','OCR - revision site for teachers of Business Management (limited number of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - BUSINESSES, THEIR OBJECTIVES AND ENVIRONMENT*2*The business cycle*4* Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Environmental External costs*1*UNIT 2 - BUSINESS DECISIONS AND UNIT 3 BUSINESS BEHAVIOUR*2*Market Segmentation*4*Market research (small budget only)*4*Niche versus mass marketing (worksheet only)*4*Product versus market orientation*4*Marketing mix*4*Place*4*Price*4*Promotion notes*4*  - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation*4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4*  - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4*Product*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4*Boston product matrix*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Costs*4*Final accounts*4* Motivation*4*Organisational design*4*Economies and diseconomies of scale*4*Capacity utilisation*4*Production overview*4*Job production*4*Batch production*4*Flow production*4*Stock control*4*Just in Time*4*Kaizen (links only)*4**1*UNIT 4 - FURTHER MARKETING (OPTIONAL)*2*Marketing mix *4*Place (Distribution: location, patterns of distribution)*4*Price (Pricing: elasticity, pricing strategies)*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Promotion notes (Promotion: advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, branding)*4* - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation  *4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4* - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4* Product (Product: value analysis, the product life cycle)*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4* Boston product matrix*1*UNIT 10 - BUSINESS STRATEGY*2*Critical path analysis*4*The business cycle*4*Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Technological change*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Social change*4*Environmental External costs*4*Communication*4*Types of communication*4*Informal and formal networks*4*Barriers to effective communication*4*Difficulties for larger organisations and possible solutions*4*Budgets*4*Location*4*Ratio analysis*4*Use of IT*4*Trade 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_D_E_C_I_S_I_O_N_S_ _A_N_D_ _U_N_I_T_ _3_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _B_E_H_A_V_I_O_U_R_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ _S_e_g_m_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ _r_e_s_e_a_r_c_h_ _(_s_m_a_l_l_ _b_u_d_g_e_t_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_N_i_c_h_e_ _v_e_r_s_u_s_ _m_a_s_s_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _(_w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _v_e_r_s_u_s_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _o_r_i_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_F_i_n_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_s_*_4_*_ _M_o_t_i_v_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_O_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_s_i_g_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _d_i_s_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _s_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_a_p_a_c_i_t_y_ _u_t_i_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _o_v_e_r_v_i_e_w_*_4_*_J_o_b_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_B_a_t_c_h_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_F_l_o_w_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_t_o_c_k_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_*_4_*_J_u_s_t_ _i_n_ _T_i_m_e_*_4_*_K_a_i_z_e_n_ _(_l_i_n_k_s_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _F_U_R_T_H_E_R_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_I_N_G_ _(_O_P_T_I_O_N_A_L_)_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_ _*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_ _(_D_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_:_ _l_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _(_P_r_i_c_i_n_g_:_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_,_ _p_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_ _(_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_:_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_,_ _s_a_l_e_s_ _p_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_e_r_s_o_n_a_l_ _s_e_l_l_i_n_g_,_ _b_r_a_n_d_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_ _ _*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _(_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_:_ _v_a_l_u_e_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_,_ _t_h_e_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_ _B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_0_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _S_T_R_A_T_E_G_Y_*_2_*_C_r_i_t_i_c_a_l_ _p_a_t_h_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_f_o_r_m_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _f_o_r_m_a_l_ _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_s_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_i_c_u_l_t_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _l_a_r_g_e_r_ _o_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _s_o_l_u_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_B_u_d_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_L_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_a_t_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_U_s_e_ _o_f_ _I_T_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _u_n_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_A_C_A_S','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5446,'82.8.167.110','1275142960','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/business/ocr10bus.htm','business management','higher','business management/studies','Saturday  15:24  29/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','OCR - revision site for teachers of Business Management (limited number of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - BUSINESSES, THEIR OBJECTIVES AND ENVIRONMENT*2*The business cycle*4* Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Environmental External costs*1*UNIT 2 - BUSINESS DECISIONS AND UNIT 3 BUSINESS BEHAVIOUR*2*Market Segmentation*4*Market research (small budget only)*4*Niche versus mass marketing (worksheet only)*4*Product versus market orientation*4*Marketing mix*4*Place*4*Price*4*Promotion notes*4*  - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation*4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4*  - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4*Product*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4*Boston product matrix*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Costs*4*Final accounts*4* Motivation*4*Organisational design*4*Economies and diseconomies of scale*4*Capacity utilisation*4*Production overview*4*Job production*4*Batch production*4*Flow production*4*Stock control*4*Just in Time*4*Kaizen (links only)*4**1*UNIT 4 - FURTHER MARKETING (OPTIONAL)*2*Marketing mix *4*Place (Distribution: location, patterns of distribution)*4*Price (Pricing: elasticity, pricing strategies)*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Promotion notes (Promotion: advertising, sales 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_e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_ _(_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_:_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_,_ _s_a_l_e_s_ _p_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_e_r_s_o_n_a_l_ _s_e_l_l_i_n_g_,_ _b_r_a_n_d_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_ _ _*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _(_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_:_ _v_a_l_u_e_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_,_ _t_h_e_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_ _B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_0_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _S_T_R_A_T_E_G_Y_*_2_*_C_r_i_t_i_c_a_l_ _p_a_t_h_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_f_o_r_m_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _f_o_r_m_a_l_ _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_s_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_i_c_u_l_t_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _l_a_r_g_e_r_ _o_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _s_o_l_u_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_B_u_d_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_L_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_a_t_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_U_s_e_ _o_f_ _I_T_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _u_n_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_A_C_A_S','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5447,'82.8.167.110','1275142960','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/business/ocr10bus.htm','business management','adv higher','business management/studies','Saturday  15:24  29/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','OCR - revision site for teachers of Business Management (limited number of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - BUSINESSES, THEIR OBJECTIVES AND ENVIRONMENT*2*The business cycle*4* Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Environmental External costs*1*UNIT 2 - BUSINESS DECISIONS AND UNIT 3 BUSINESS BEHAVIOUR*2*Market Segmentation*4*Market research (small budget only)*4*Niche versus mass marketing (worksheet only)*4*Product versus market orientation*4*Marketing mix*4*Place*4*Price*4*Promotion notes*4*  - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation*4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4*  - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4*Product*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4*Boston product matrix*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Costs*4*Final accounts*4* Motivation*4*Organisational design*4*Economies and diseconomies of scale*4*Capacity utilisation*4*Production overview*4*Job production*4*Batch production*4*Flow production*4*Stock control*4*Just in Time*4*Kaizen (links only)*4**1*UNIT 4 - FURTHER MARKETING (OPTIONAL)*2*Marketing mix *4*Place (Distribution: location, patterns of distribution)*4*Price (Pricing: elasticity, pricing strategies)*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Promotion notes (Promotion: advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, branding)*4* - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation  *4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4* - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4* Product (Product: value analysis, the product life cycle)*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4* Boston product matrix*1*UNIT 10 - BUSINESS STRATEGY*2*Critical path analysis*4*The business cycle*4*Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Technological change*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Social change*4*Environmental External costs*4*Communication*4*Types of communication*4*Informal and formal networks*4*Barriers to effective communication*4*Difficulties for larger organisations and possible solutions*4*Budgets*4*Location*4*Ratio analysis*4*Use of IT*4*Trade unions*4*ACAS','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_/_o_c_r_1_0_b_u_s_._h_t_m','_b_u_s_ _s_t_u_d_/_m_g_t','','_1','','0','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','_O_C_R_ _-_ _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _s_i_t_e_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_a_c_h_e_r_s_ _o_f_ 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_d_e_s_i_g_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _d_i_s_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _s_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_a_p_a_c_i_t_y_ _u_t_i_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _o_v_e_r_v_i_e_w_*_4_*_J_o_b_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_B_a_t_c_h_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_F_l_o_w_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_t_o_c_k_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_*_4_*_J_u_s_t_ _i_n_ _T_i_m_e_*_4_*_K_a_i_z_e_n_ _(_l_i_n_k_s_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _F_U_R_T_H_E_R_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_I_N_G_ _(_O_P_T_I_O_N_A_L_)_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_ _*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_ _(_D_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_:_ _l_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _(_P_r_i_c_i_n_g_:_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_,_ _p_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ 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_r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_f_o_r_m_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _f_o_r_m_a_l_ _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_s_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_i_c_u_l_t_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _l_a_r_g_e_r_ _o_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _s_o_l_u_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_B_u_d_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_L_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_a_t_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_U_s_e_ _o_f_ _I_T_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _u_n_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_A_C_A_S','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5448,'82.8.167.110','1275142960','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/business/ocr10bus.htm','business 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matrix*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Costs*4*Final accounts*4* Motivation*4*Organisational design*4*Economies and diseconomies of scale*4*Capacity utilisation*4*Production overview*4*Job production*4*Batch production*4*Flow production*4*Stock control*4*Just in Time*4*Kaizen (links only)*4**1*UNIT 4 - FURTHER MARKETING (OPTIONAL)*2*Marketing mix *4*Place (Distribution: location, patterns of distribution)*4*Price (Pricing: elasticity, pricing strategies)*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Promotion notes (Promotion: advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, branding)*4* - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation  *4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4* - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4* Product (Product: value analysis, the product life cycle)*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4* Boston product matrix*1*UNIT 10 - BUSINESS STRATEGY*2*Critical path analysis*4*The business cycle*4*Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Technological change*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Social change*4*Environmental External costs*4*Communication*4*Types of communication*4*Informal and formal networks*4*Barriers to effective communication*4*Difficulties for larger organisations and possible solutions*4*Budgets*4*Location*4*Ratio analysis*4*Use of IT*4*Trade unions*4*ACAS','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_/_o_c_r_1_0_b_u_s_._h_t_m','_b_u_s_ _s_t_u_d_/_m_g_t','','_1','','0','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','_O_C_R_ _-_ _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _s_i_t_e_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_a_c_h_e_r_s_ _o_f_ _B_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _S_t_u_d_i_e_s_ _(_l_i_m_i_t_e_d_ _n_u_m_b_e_r_ _o_f_ _w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_s_)_ _a_n_d_ _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _w_e_b_s_i_t_e_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_E_S_,_ _T_H_E_I_R_ _O_B_J_E_C_T_I_V_E_S_ _A_N_D_ _E_N_V_I_R_O_N_M_E_N_T_*_2_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_ _I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _D_E_C_I_S_I_O_N_S_ _A_N_D_ _U_N_I_T_ _3_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _B_E_H_A_V_I_O_U_R_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ _S_e_g_m_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ _r_e_s_e_a_r_c_h_ _(_s_m_a_l_l_ _b_u_d_g_e_t_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_N_i_c_h_e_ _v_e_r_s_u_s_ _m_a_s_s_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _(_w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _v_e_r_s_u_s_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _o_r_i_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_F_i_n_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_s_*_4_*_ _M_o_t_i_v_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_O_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_s_i_g_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _d_i_s_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _s_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_a_p_a_c_i_t_y_ _u_t_i_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _o_v_e_r_v_i_e_w_*_4_*_J_o_b_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_B_a_t_c_h_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_F_l_o_w_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_t_o_c_k_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_*_4_*_J_u_s_t_ _i_n_ _T_i_m_e_*_4_*_K_a_i_z_e_n_ _(_l_i_n_k_s_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _F_U_R_T_H_E_R_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_I_N_G_ _(_O_P_T_I_O_N_A_L_)_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_ _*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_ _(_D_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_:_ _l_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _(_P_r_i_c_i_n_g_:_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_,_ _p_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_ _(_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_:_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_,_ _s_a_l_e_s_ _p_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_e_r_s_o_n_a_l_ _s_e_l_l_i_n_g_,_ _b_r_a_n_d_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_ _ _*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _(_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_:_ _v_a_l_u_e_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_,_ _t_h_e_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_ _B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_0_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _S_T_R_A_T_E_G_Y_*_2_*_C_r_i_t_i_c_a_l_ _p_a_t_h_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_f_o_r_m_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _f_o_r_m_a_l_ _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_s_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_i_c_u_l_t_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _l_a_r_g_e_r_ _o_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _s_o_l_u_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_B_u_d_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_L_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_a_t_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_U_s_e_ _o_f_ _I_T_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _u_n_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_A_C_A_S','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5449,'82.8.167.110','1275142960','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/business/ocr10bus.htm','business management','gcse','business management/studies','Saturday  15:24  29/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','OCR - revision site for teachers of Business Management (limited number of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - BUSINESSES, THEIR OBJECTIVES AND ENVIRONMENT*2*The business cycle*4* Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Environmental External costs*1*UNIT 2 - BUSINESS DECISIONS AND UNIT 3 BUSINESS BEHAVIOUR*2*Market Segmentation*4*Market research (small budget only)*4*Niche versus mass marketing (worksheet only)*4*Product versus market orientation*4*Marketing mix*4*Place*4*Price*4*Promotion notes*4*  - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation*4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4*  - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4*Product*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4*Boston product matrix*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Costs*4*Final accounts*4* Motivation*4*Organisational design*4*Economies and diseconomies of scale*4*Capacity utilisation*4*Production overview*4*Job production*4*Batch production*4*Flow production*4*Stock control*4*Just in Time*4*Kaizen (links only)*4**1*UNIT 4 - FURTHER MARKETING (OPTIONAL)*2*Marketing mix *4*Place (Distribution: location, patterns of distribution)*4*Price (Pricing: elasticity, pricing strategies)*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Promotion notes (Promotion: advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, branding)*4* - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation  *4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4* - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4* Product (Product: value analysis, the product life cycle)*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4* Boston product matrix*1*UNIT 10 - BUSINESS STRATEGY*2*Critical path analysis*4*The business cycle*4*Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Technological change*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Social change*4*Environmental External costs*4*Communication*4*Types of communication*4*Informal and formal networks*4*Barriers to effective communication*4*Difficulties for larger organisations and possible solutions*4*Budgets*4*Location*4*Ratio analysis*4*Use of IT*4*Trade unions*4*ACAS','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_/_o_c_r_1_0_b_u_s_._h_t_m','_b_u_s_ _s_t_u_d_/_m_g_t','','_1','','0','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','_O_C_R_ _-_ _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _s_i_t_e_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_a_c_h_e_r_s_ _o_f_ _B_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _S_t_u_d_i_e_s_ _(_l_i_m_i_t_e_d_ _n_u_m_b_e_r_ _o_f_ _w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_s_)_ _a_n_d_ _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _w_e_b_s_i_t_e_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_E_S_,_ _T_H_E_I_R_ _O_B_J_E_C_T_I_V_E_S_ _A_N_D_ _E_N_V_I_R_O_N_M_E_N_T_*_2_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_ _I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _D_E_C_I_S_I_O_N_S_ _A_N_D_ _U_N_I_T_ _3_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _B_E_H_A_V_I_O_U_R_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ _S_e_g_m_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ _r_e_s_e_a_r_c_h_ _(_s_m_a_l_l_ _b_u_d_g_e_t_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_N_i_c_h_e_ _v_e_r_s_u_s_ _m_a_s_s_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _(_w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _v_e_r_s_u_s_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _o_r_i_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_F_i_n_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_s_*_4_*_ _M_o_t_i_v_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_O_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_s_i_g_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _d_i_s_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _s_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_a_p_a_c_i_t_y_ _u_t_i_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _o_v_e_r_v_i_e_w_*_4_*_J_o_b_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_B_a_t_c_h_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_F_l_o_w_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_t_o_c_k_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_*_4_*_J_u_s_t_ _i_n_ _T_i_m_e_*_4_*_K_a_i_z_e_n_ _(_l_i_n_k_s_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _F_U_R_T_H_E_R_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_I_N_G_ _(_O_P_T_I_O_N_A_L_)_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_ _*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_ _(_D_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_:_ _l_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _(_P_r_i_c_i_n_g_:_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_,_ _p_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_ _(_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_:_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_,_ _s_a_l_e_s_ _p_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_e_r_s_o_n_a_l_ _s_e_l_l_i_n_g_,_ _b_r_a_n_d_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_ _ _*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _(_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_:_ _v_a_l_u_e_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_,_ _t_h_e_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_ _B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_0_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _S_T_R_A_T_E_G_Y_*_2_*_C_r_i_t_i_c_a_l_ _p_a_t_h_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_f_o_r_m_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _f_o_r_m_a_l_ _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_s_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_i_c_u_l_t_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _l_a_r_g_e_r_ _o_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _s_o_l_u_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_B_u_d_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_L_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_a_t_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_U_s_e_ _o_f_ _I_T_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _u_n_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_A_C_A_S','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5450,'82.8.167.110','1275142960','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/business/ocr10bus.htm','business management','a level','business management/studies','Saturday  15:24  29/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','OCR - revision site for teachers of Business Management (limited number of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - BUSINESSES, THEIR OBJECTIVES AND ENVIRONMENT*2*The business cycle*4* Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Environmental External costs*1*UNIT 2 - BUSINESS DECISIONS AND UNIT 3 BUSINESS BEHAVIOUR*2*Market Segmentation*4*Market research (small budget only)*4*Niche versus mass marketing (worksheet only)*4*Product versus market orientation*4*Marketing mix*4*Place*4*Price*4*Promotion notes*4*  - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation*4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4*  - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4*Product*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4*Boston product matrix*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Costs*4*Final accounts*4* Motivation*4*Organisational design*4*Economies and diseconomies of scale*4*Capacity utilisation*4*Production overview*4*Job production*4*Batch production*4*Flow production*4*Stock control*4*Just in Time*4*Kaizen (links only)*4**1*UNIT 4 - FURTHER MARKETING (OPTIONAL)*2*Marketing mix *4*Place (Distribution: location, patterns of distribution)*4*Price (Pricing: elasticity, pricing strategies)*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Promotion notes (Promotion: advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, branding)*4* - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation  *4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4* - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4* Product (Product: value analysis, the product life cycle)*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4* Boston product matrix*1*UNIT 10 - BUSINESS STRATEGY*2*Critical path analysis*4*The business cycle*4*Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Technological change*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Social change*4*Environmental External costs*4*Communication*4*Types of 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_v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _D_E_C_I_S_I_O_N_S_ _A_N_D_ _U_N_I_T_ _3_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _B_E_H_A_V_I_O_U_R_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ _S_e_g_m_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ _r_e_s_e_a_r_c_h_ _(_s_m_a_l_l_ _b_u_d_g_e_t_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_N_i_c_h_e_ _v_e_r_s_u_s_ _m_a_s_s_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _(_w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _v_e_r_s_u_s_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _o_r_i_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_F_i_n_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_s_*_4_*_ _M_o_t_i_v_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_O_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_s_i_g_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _d_i_s_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _s_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_a_p_a_c_i_t_y_ _u_t_i_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _o_v_e_r_v_i_e_w_*_4_*_J_o_b_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_B_a_t_c_h_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_F_l_o_w_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_t_o_c_k_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_*_4_*_J_u_s_t_ _i_n_ _T_i_m_e_*_4_*_K_a_i_z_e_n_ _(_l_i_n_k_s_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _F_U_R_T_H_E_R_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_I_N_G_ _(_O_P_T_I_O_N_A_L_)_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_ _*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_ _(_D_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_:_ _l_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _(_P_r_i_c_i_n_g_:_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_,_ _p_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_ _(_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_:_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_,_ _s_a_l_e_s_ _p_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_e_r_s_o_n_a_l_ _s_e_l_l_i_n_g_,_ _b_r_a_n_d_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_ _ _*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _(_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_:_ _v_a_l_u_e_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_,_ _t_h_e_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_ _B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_0_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _S_T_R_A_T_E_G_Y_*_2_*_C_r_i_t_i_c_a_l_ _p_a_t_h_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_f_o_r_m_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _f_o_r_m_a_l_ _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_s_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_i_c_u_l_t_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _l_a_r_g_e_r_ _o_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _s_o_l_u_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_B_u_d_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_L_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_a_t_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_U_s_e_ _o_f_ _I_T_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _u_n_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_A_C_A_S','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5451,'82.8.167.110','1275142960','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/business/ocr10bus.htm','business management','[iii/iv]','business management/studies','Saturday  15:24  29/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','OCR - revision site for teachers of Business Management (limited number of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - BUSINESSES, THEIR OBJECTIVES AND ENVIRONMENT*2*The business cycle*4* Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Environmental External costs*1*UNIT 2 - BUSINESS DECISIONS AND UNIT 3 BUSINESS BEHAVIOUR*2*Market Segmentation*4*Market research (small budget only)*4*Niche versus mass marketing (worksheet only)*4*Product versus market orientation*4*Marketing mix*4*Place*4*Price*4*Promotion notes*4*  - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation*4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4*  - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4*Product*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4*Boston product matrix*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Costs*4*Final accounts*4* Motivation*4*Organisational design*4*Economies and diseconomies of scale*4*Capacity utilisation*4*Production overview*4*Job production*4*Batch production*4*Flow production*4*Stock control*4*Just in Time*4*Kaizen (links only)*4**1*UNIT 4 - FURTHER MARKETING (OPTIONAL)*2*Marketing mix *4*Place (Distribution: location, patterns of distribution)*4*Price (Pricing: elasticity, pricing strategies)*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Promotion notes (Promotion: advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, branding)*4* - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation  *4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4* - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4* Product (Product: value analysis, the product life cycle)*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4* Boston product matrix*1*UNIT 10 - BUSINESS STRATEGY*2*Critical path analysis*4*The business cycle*4*Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Technological change*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Social change*4*Environmental External costs*4*Communication*4*Types of communication*4*Informal and formal networks*4*Barriers to effective communication*4*Difficulties for larger organisations and possible 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_E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _D_E_C_I_S_I_O_N_S_ _A_N_D_ _U_N_I_T_ _3_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _B_E_H_A_V_I_O_U_R_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ _S_e_g_m_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ _r_e_s_e_a_r_c_h_ _(_s_m_a_l_l_ _b_u_d_g_e_t_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_N_i_c_h_e_ _v_e_r_s_u_s_ _m_a_s_s_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _(_w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _v_e_r_s_u_s_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _o_r_i_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_F_i_n_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_s_*_4_*_ _M_o_t_i_v_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_O_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_s_i_g_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _d_i_s_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _s_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_a_p_a_c_i_t_y_ _u_t_i_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _o_v_e_r_v_i_e_w_*_4_*_J_o_b_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_B_a_t_c_h_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_F_l_o_w_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_t_o_c_k_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_*_4_*_J_u_s_t_ _i_n_ _T_i_m_e_*_4_*_K_a_i_z_e_n_ _(_l_i_n_k_s_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _F_U_R_T_H_E_R_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_I_N_G_ _(_O_P_T_I_O_N_A_L_)_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_ _*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_ _(_D_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_:_ _l_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _(_P_r_i_c_i_n_g_:_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_,_ _p_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_ _(_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_:_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_,_ _s_a_l_e_s_ _p_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_e_r_s_o_n_a_l_ _s_e_l_l_i_n_g_,_ _b_r_a_n_d_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_ _ _*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _(_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_:_ _v_a_l_u_e_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_,_ _t_h_e_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_ _B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_0_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _S_T_R_A_T_E_G_Y_*_2_*_C_r_i_t_i_c_a_l_ _p_a_t_h_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_f_o_r_m_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _f_o_r_m_a_l_ _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_s_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_i_c_u_l_t_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _l_a_r_g_e_r_ _o_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _s_o_l_u_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_B_u_d_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_L_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_a_t_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_U_s_e_ _o_f_ _I_T_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _u_n_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_A_C_A_S','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5452,'82.8.167.110','1275142960','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/business/ocr10bus.htm','business management','[v/vi]','business management/studies','Saturday  15:24  29/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','OCR - revision site for teachers of Business Management (limited number of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - BUSINESSES, THEIR OBJECTIVES AND ENVIRONMENT*2*The business cycle*4* Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Environmental External costs*1*UNIT 2 - BUSINESS DECISIONS AND UNIT 3 BUSINESS BEHAVIOUR*2*Market Segmentation*4*Market research (small budget only)*4*Niche versus mass marketing (worksheet only)*4*Product versus market orientation*4*Marketing mix*4*Place*4*Price*4*Promotion notes*4*  - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation*4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4*  - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4*Product*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4*Boston product matrix*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Costs*4*Final accounts*4* Motivation*4*Organisational design*4*Economies and diseconomies of scale*4*Capacity utilisation*4*Production overview*4*Job production*4*Batch production*4*Flow production*4*Stock control*4*Just in Time*4*Kaizen (links only)*4**1*UNIT 4 - FURTHER MARKETING (OPTIONAL)*2*Marketing mix *4*Place (Distribution: location, patterns of distribution)*4*Price (Pricing: elasticity, pricing strategies)*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Promotion notes (Promotion: advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, branding)*4* - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation  *4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4* - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4* Product (Product: value analysis, the product life cycle)*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4* Boston product matrix*1*UNIT 10 - BUSINESS STRATEGY*2*Critical path analysis*4*The business cycle*4*Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Technological change*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Social change*4*Environmental External costs*4*Communication*4*Types of communication*4*Informal and formal networks*4*Barriers to effective communication*4*Difficulties for larger organisations and possible solutions*4*Budgets*4*Location*4*Ratio analysis*4*Use of IT*4*Trade unions*4*ACAS','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_/_o_c_r_1_0_b_u_s_._h_t_m','_b_u_s_ _s_t_u_d_/_m_g_t','','_1','','0','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','_O_C_R_ _-_ _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _s_i_t_e_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_a_c_h_e_r_s_ _o_f_ _B_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _S_t_u_d_i_e_s_ _(_l_i_m_i_t_e_d_ _n_u_m_b_e_r_ _o_f_ _w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_s_)_ _a_n_d_ _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _w_e_b_s_i_t_e_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_E_S_,_ _T_H_E_I_R_ _O_B_J_E_C_T_I_V_E_S_ _A_N_D_ _E_N_V_I_R_O_N_M_E_N_T_*_2_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_ _I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ 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_p_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_ _(_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_:_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_,_ _s_a_l_e_s_ _p_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_e_r_s_o_n_a_l_ _s_e_l_l_i_n_g_,_ _b_r_a_n_d_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_ _ _*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _(_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_:_ _v_a_l_u_e_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_,_ _t_h_e_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_ _B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_0_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _S_T_R_A_T_E_G_Y_*_2_*_C_r_i_t_i_c_a_l_ _p_a_t_h_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_f_o_r_m_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _f_o_r_m_a_l_ _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_s_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_i_c_u_l_t_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _l_a_r_g_e_r_ _o_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _s_o_l_u_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_B_u_d_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_L_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_a_t_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_U_s_e_ _o_f_ _I_T_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _u_n_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_A_C_A_S','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5453,'82.8.167.110','1275142960','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/business/ocr10bus.htm','business studies','[s3/s4]','business management/studies','Saturday  15:24  29/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','OCR - revision site for teachers of Business Studies (limited number of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - BUSINESSES, THEIR OBJECTIVES AND ENVIRONMENT*2*The business cycle*4* Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Environmental External costs*1*UNIT 2 - BUSINESS DECISIONS AND UNIT 3 BUSINESS BEHAVIOUR*2*Market Segmentation*4*Market research (small budget only)*4*Niche versus mass marketing (worksheet only)*4*Product versus market orientation*4*Marketing mix*4*Place*4*Price*4*Promotion notes*4*  - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation*4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4*  - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4*Product*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4*Boston product matrix*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Costs*4*Final accounts*4* Motivation*4*Organisational design*4*Economies and diseconomies of scale*4*Capacity utilisation*4*Production overview*4*Job production*4*Batch production*4*Flow production*4*Stock control*4*Just in Time*4*Kaizen (links only)*4**1*UNIT 4 - FURTHER MARKETING (OPTIONAL)*2*Marketing mix *4*Place (Distribution: location, patterns of distribution)*4*Price (Pricing: elasticity, pricing strategies)*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Promotion notes (Promotion: advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, branding)*4* - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation  *4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4* - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4* Product (Product: value analysis, the product life cycle)*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4* Boston product matrix*1*UNIT 10 - BUSINESS STRATEGY*2*Critical path analysis*4*The business cycle*4*Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Technological change*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Social change*4*Environmental External costs*4*Communication*4*Types of communication*4*Informal and formal networks*4*Barriers to effective communication*4*Difficulties for larger organisations and possible solutions*4*Budgets*4*Location*4*Ratio analysis*4*Use of IT*4*Trade unions*4*ACAS','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_/_o_c_r_1_0_b_u_s_._h_t_m','_b_u_s_ 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_d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_F_i_n_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_s_*_4_*_ _M_o_t_i_v_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_O_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_s_i_g_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _d_i_s_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _s_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_a_p_a_c_i_t_y_ _u_t_i_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _o_v_e_r_v_i_e_w_*_4_*_J_o_b_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_B_a_t_c_h_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_F_l_o_w_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_t_o_c_k_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_*_4_*_J_u_s_t_ _i_n_ _T_i_m_e_*_4_*_K_a_i_z_e_n_ _(_l_i_n_k_s_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _F_U_R_T_H_E_R_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_I_N_G_ _(_O_P_T_I_O_N_A_L_)_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_ _*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_ _(_D_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_:_ _l_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _(_P_r_i_c_i_n_g_:_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_,_ _p_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_ _(_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_:_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_,_ _s_a_l_e_s_ _p_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_e_r_s_o_n_a_l_ _s_e_l_l_i_n_g_,_ _b_r_a_n_d_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_ _ _*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _(_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_:_ _v_a_l_u_e_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_,_ _t_h_e_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_ _B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_0_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _S_T_R_A_T_E_G_Y_*_2_*_C_r_i_t_i_c_a_l_ _p_a_t_h_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_f_o_r_m_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _f_o_r_m_a_l_ _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_s_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_i_c_u_l_t_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _l_a_r_g_e_r_ _o_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _s_o_l_u_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_B_u_d_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_L_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_a_t_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_U_s_e_ _o_f_ _I_T_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _u_n_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_A_C_A_S','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5454,'82.8.167.110','1275142960','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/business/ocr10bus.htm','business studies','[s5/s6]','business management/studies','Saturday  15:24  29/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','OCR - revision site for teachers of Business Studies (limited number of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - BUSINESSES, THEIR OBJECTIVES AND ENVIRONMENT*2*The business cycle*4* Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Environmental External costs*1*UNIT 2 - BUSINESS DECISIONS AND UNIT 3 BUSINESS BEHAVIOUR*2*Market Segmentation*4*Market research (small budget only)*4*Niche versus mass marketing (worksheet only)*4*Product versus market orientation*4*Marketing mix*4*Place*4*Price*4*Promotion notes*4*  - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation*4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4*  - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4*Product*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4*Boston product matrix*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Costs*4*Final accounts*4* Motivation*4*Organisational design*4*Economies and diseconomies of scale*4*Capacity utilisation*4*Production overview*4*Job production*4*Batch production*4*Flow production*4*Stock control*4*Just in Time*4*Kaizen (links only)*4**1*UNIT 4 - FURTHER MARKETING (OPTIONAL)*2*Marketing mix *4*Place (Distribution: location, patterns of distribution)*4*Price (Pricing: elasticity, pricing strategies)*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Promotion notes (Promotion: advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, branding)*4* - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation  *4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4* - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4* Product (Product: value analysis, the product life cycle)*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4* Boston product matrix*1*UNIT 10 - BUSINESS STRATEGY*2*Critical path analysis*4*The business cycle*4*Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Technological change*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Social change*4*Environmental External costs*4*Communication*4*Types of communication*4*Informal and formal networks*4*Barriers to effective communication*4*Difficulties for larger organisations and possible solutions*4*Budgets*4*Location*4*Ratio analysis*4*Use of IT*4*Trade unions*4*ACAS','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_/_o_c_r_1_0_b_u_s_._h_t_m','_b_u_s_ _s_t_u_d_/_m_g_t','','_1','','0','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','_O_C_R_ _-_ _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _s_i_t_e_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_a_c_h_e_r_s_ _o_f_ _B_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _S_t_u_d_i_e_s_ _(_l_i_m_i_t_e_d_ _n_u_m_b_e_r_ _o_f_ _w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_s_)_ _a_n_d_ _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _w_e_b_s_i_t_e_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_E_S_,_ _T_H_E_I_R_ _O_B_J_E_C_T_I_V_E_S_ _A_N_D_ _E_N_V_I_R_O_N_M_E_N_T_*_2_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_ _I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _D_E_C_I_S_I_O_N_S_ _A_N_D_ _U_N_I_T_ _3_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _B_E_H_A_V_I_O_U_R_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ _S_e_g_m_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ _r_e_s_e_a_r_c_h_ _(_s_m_a_l_l_ _b_u_d_g_e_t_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_N_i_c_h_e_ _v_e_r_s_u_s_ _m_a_s_s_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _(_w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_ 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_d_e_s_i_g_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _d_i_s_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _s_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_a_p_a_c_i_t_y_ _u_t_i_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _o_v_e_r_v_i_e_w_*_4_*_J_o_b_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_B_a_t_c_h_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_F_l_o_w_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_t_o_c_k_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_*_4_*_J_u_s_t_ _i_n_ _T_i_m_e_*_4_*_K_a_i_z_e_n_ _(_l_i_n_k_s_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _F_U_R_T_H_E_R_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_I_N_G_ _(_O_P_T_I_O_N_A_L_)_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_ _*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_ _(_D_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_:_ _l_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _(_P_r_i_c_i_n_g_:_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_,_ _p_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_ _(_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_:_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_,_ _s_a_l_e_s_ _p_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_e_r_s_o_n_a_l_ _s_e_l_l_i_n_g_,_ _b_r_a_n_d_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_ _ _*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _(_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_:_ _v_a_l_u_e_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_,_ _t_h_e_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_ _B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_0_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _S_T_R_A_T_E_G_Y_*_2_*_C_r_i_t_i_c_a_l_ _p_a_t_h_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_f_o_r_m_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _f_o_r_m_a_l_ _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_s_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_i_c_u_l_t_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _l_a_r_g_e_r_ _o_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _s_o_l_u_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_B_u_d_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_L_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_a_t_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_U_s_e_ _o_f_ _I_T_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _u_n_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_A_C_A_S','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5455,'82.8.167.110','1275142960','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/business/ocr10bus.htm','business 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matrix*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Costs*4*Final accounts*4* Motivation*4*Organisational design*4*Economies and diseconomies of scale*4*Capacity utilisation*4*Production overview*4*Job production*4*Batch production*4*Flow production*4*Stock control*4*Just in Time*4*Kaizen (links only)*4**1*UNIT 4 - FURTHER MARKETING (OPTIONAL)*2*Marketing mix *4*Place (Distribution: location, patterns of distribution)*4*Price (Pricing: elasticity, pricing strategies)*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Promotion notes (Promotion: advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, branding)*4* - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation  *4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4* - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4* Product (Product: value analysis, the product life cycle)*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4* Boston product matrix*1*UNIT 10 - BUSINESS STRATEGY*2*Critical path analysis*4*The business cycle*4*Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Technological change*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Social change*4*Environmental External costs*4*Communication*4*Types of communication*4*Informal and formal networks*4*Barriers to effective communication*4*Difficulties for larger organisations and possible solutions*4*Budgets*4*Location*4*Ratio analysis*4*Use of IT*4*Trade unions*4*ACAS','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_/_o_c_r_1_0_b_u_s_._h_t_m','_b_u_s_ _s_t_u_d_/_m_g_t','','_1','','0','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','_O_C_R_ _-_ _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _s_i_t_e_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_a_c_h_e_r_s_ _o_f_ _B_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _S_t_u_d_i_e_s_ _(_l_i_m_i_t_e_d_ _n_u_m_b_e_r_ _o_f_ _w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_s_)_ _a_n_d_ _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _w_e_b_s_i_t_e_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_E_S_,_ _T_H_E_I_R_ _O_B_J_E_C_T_I_V_E_S_ _A_N_D_ _E_N_V_I_R_O_N_M_E_N_T_*_2_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_ _I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _D_E_C_I_S_I_O_N_S_ _A_N_D_ _U_N_I_T_ _3_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _B_E_H_A_V_I_O_U_R_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ _S_e_g_m_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ _r_e_s_e_a_r_c_h_ _(_s_m_a_l_l_ _b_u_d_g_e_t_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_N_i_c_h_e_ _v_e_r_s_u_s_ _m_a_s_s_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _(_w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _v_e_r_s_u_s_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _o_r_i_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_F_i_n_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_s_*_4_*_ _M_o_t_i_v_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_O_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_s_i_g_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _d_i_s_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _s_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_a_p_a_c_i_t_y_ _u_t_i_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _o_v_e_r_v_i_e_w_*_4_*_J_o_b_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_B_a_t_c_h_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_F_l_o_w_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_t_o_c_k_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_*_4_*_J_u_s_t_ _i_n_ _T_i_m_e_*_4_*_K_a_i_z_e_n_ _(_l_i_n_k_s_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _F_U_R_T_H_E_R_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_I_N_G_ _(_O_P_T_I_O_N_A_L_)_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_ _*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_ _(_D_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_:_ _l_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _(_P_r_i_c_i_n_g_:_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_,_ _p_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_ _(_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_:_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_,_ _s_a_l_e_s_ _p_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_e_r_s_o_n_a_l_ _s_e_l_l_i_n_g_,_ _b_r_a_n_d_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_ _ _*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _(_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_:_ _v_a_l_u_e_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_,_ _t_h_e_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_ _B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_0_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _S_T_R_A_T_E_G_Y_*_2_*_C_r_i_t_i_c_a_l_ _p_a_t_h_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_f_o_r_m_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _f_o_r_m_a_l_ _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_s_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_i_c_u_l_t_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _l_a_r_g_e_r_ _o_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _s_o_l_u_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_B_u_d_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_L_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_a_t_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_U_s_e_ _o_f_ _I_T_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _u_n_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_A_C_A_S','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5456,'82.8.167.110','1275142960','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/business/ocr10bus.htm','business studies','higher','business management/studies','Saturday  15:24  29/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','OCR - revision site for teachers of Business Studies (limited number of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - BUSINESSES, THEIR OBJECTIVES AND ENVIRONMENT*2*The business cycle*4* Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Environmental External costs*1*UNIT 2 - BUSINESS DECISIONS AND UNIT 3 BUSINESS BEHAVIOUR*2*Market Segmentation*4*Market research (small budget only)*4*Niche versus mass marketing (worksheet only)*4*Product versus market orientation*4*Marketing mix*4*Place*4*Price*4*Promotion notes*4*  - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation*4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4*  - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4*Product*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4*Boston product matrix*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Costs*4*Final accounts*4* Motivation*4*Organisational design*4*Economies and diseconomies of scale*4*Capacity utilisation*4*Production overview*4*Job production*4*Batch production*4*Flow production*4*Stock control*4*Just in Time*4*Kaizen (links only)*4**1*UNIT 4 - FURTHER MARKETING (OPTIONAL)*2*Marketing mix *4*Place (Distribution: location, patterns of distribution)*4*Price (Pricing: elasticity, pricing strategies)*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Promotion notes (Promotion: advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, branding)*4* - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation  *4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4* - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4* Product (Product: value analysis, the product life cycle)*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4* Boston product matrix*1*UNIT 10 - BUSINESS STRATEGY*2*Critical path analysis*4*The business cycle*4*Interest rates*4*Exchange 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_c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_ _I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _D_E_C_I_S_I_O_N_S_ _A_N_D_ _U_N_I_T_ _3_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _B_E_H_A_V_I_O_U_R_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ _S_e_g_m_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ _r_e_s_e_a_r_c_h_ _(_s_m_a_l_l_ _b_u_d_g_e_t_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_N_i_c_h_e_ _v_e_r_s_u_s_ _m_a_s_s_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _(_w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _v_e_r_s_u_s_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _o_r_i_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_F_i_n_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_s_*_4_*_ _M_o_t_i_v_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_O_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_s_i_g_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _d_i_s_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _s_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_a_p_a_c_i_t_y_ _u_t_i_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _o_v_e_r_v_i_e_w_*_4_*_J_o_b_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_B_a_t_c_h_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_F_l_o_w_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_t_o_c_k_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_*_4_*_J_u_s_t_ _i_n_ _T_i_m_e_*_4_*_K_a_i_z_e_n_ _(_l_i_n_k_s_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _F_U_R_T_H_E_R_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_I_N_G_ _(_O_P_T_I_O_N_A_L_)_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_ _*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_ _(_D_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_:_ _l_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _(_P_r_i_c_i_n_g_:_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_,_ _p_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_ _(_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_:_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_,_ _s_a_l_e_s_ _p_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_e_r_s_o_n_a_l_ _s_e_l_l_i_n_g_,_ _b_r_a_n_d_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_ _ _*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _(_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_:_ _v_a_l_u_e_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_,_ _t_h_e_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_ _B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_0_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _S_T_R_A_T_E_G_Y_*_2_*_C_r_i_t_i_c_a_l_ _p_a_t_h_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_f_o_r_m_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _f_o_r_m_a_l_ _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_s_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_i_c_u_l_t_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _l_a_r_g_e_r_ _o_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _s_o_l_u_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_B_u_d_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_L_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_a_t_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_U_s_e_ _o_f_ _I_T_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _u_n_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_A_C_A_S','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5457,'82.8.167.110','1275142960','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/business/ocr10bus.htm','business studies','adv higher','business management/studies','Saturday  15:24  29/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','OCR - revision site for teachers of Business Studies (limited number of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - BUSINESSES, THEIR OBJECTIVES AND ENVIRONMENT*2*The business cycle*4* Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Environmental External costs*1*UNIT 2 - BUSINESS DECISIONS AND UNIT 3 BUSINESS BEHAVIOUR*2*Market Segmentation*4*Market research (small budget only)*4*Niche versus mass marketing (worksheet only)*4*Product versus market orientation*4*Marketing mix*4*Place*4*Price*4*Promotion notes*4*  - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation*4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4*  - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4*Product*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4*Boston product matrix*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Costs*4*Final accounts*4* Motivation*4*Organisational design*4*Economies and diseconomies of scale*4*Capacity utilisation*4*Production overview*4*Job production*4*Batch production*4*Flow production*4*Stock control*4*Just in Time*4*Kaizen (links only)*4**1*UNIT 4 - FURTHER MARKETING (OPTIONAL)*2*Marketing mix *4*Place (Distribution: location, patterns of distribution)*4*Price (Pricing: elasticity, pricing strategies)*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Promotion notes (Promotion: advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, branding)*4* - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation  *4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4* - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4* Product (Product: value analysis, the product life cycle)*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4* Boston product matrix*1*UNIT 10 - BUSINESS STRATEGY*2*Critical path analysis*4*The business cycle*4*Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Technological change*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Social change*4*Environmental External costs*4*Communication*4*Types of 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_v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _D_E_C_I_S_I_O_N_S_ _A_N_D_ _U_N_I_T_ _3_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _B_E_H_A_V_I_O_U_R_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ _S_e_g_m_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ _r_e_s_e_a_r_c_h_ _(_s_m_a_l_l_ _b_u_d_g_e_t_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_N_i_c_h_e_ _v_e_r_s_u_s_ _m_a_s_s_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _(_w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _v_e_r_s_u_s_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _o_r_i_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ 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_(_O_P_T_I_O_N_A_L_)_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_ _*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_ _(_D_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_:_ _l_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _(_P_r_i_c_i_n_g_:_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_,_ _p_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_ _(_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_:_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_,_ _s_a_l_e_s_ _p_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_e_r_s_o_n_a_l_ _s_e_l_l_i_n_g_,_ _b_r_a_n_d_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_ _ _*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _(_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_:_ _v_a_l_u_e_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_,_ _t_h_e_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_ _B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_0_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _S_T_R_A_T_E_G_Y_*_2_*_C_r_i_t_i_c_a_l_ _p_a_t_h_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_f_o_r_m_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _f_o_r_m_a_l_ _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_s_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_i_c_u_l_t_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _l_a_r_g_e_r_ _o_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _s_o_l_u_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_B_u_d_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_L_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_a_t_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_U_s_e_ _o_f_ _I_T_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _u_n_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_A_C_A_S','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5458,'82.8.167.110','1275142960','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/business/ocr10bus.htm','business studies','[ks3/ks4]','business management/studies','Saturday  15:24  29/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','OCR - revision site for teachers of Business Studies (limited number of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - BUSINESSES, THEIR OBJECTIVES AND ENVIRONMENT*2*The business cycle*4* Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Environmental External costs*1*UNIT 2 - BUSINESS DECISIONS AND UNIT 3 BUSINESS BEHAVIOUR*2*Market Segmentation*4*Market research (small budget only)*4*Niche versus mass marketing (worksheet only)*4*Product versus market orientation*4*Marketing mix*4*Place*4*Price*4*Promotion notes*4*  - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation*4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4*  - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4*Product*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4*Boston product matrix*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Costs*4*Final accounts*4* Motivation*4*Organisational design*4*Economies and diseconomies of scale*4*Capacity utilisation*4*Production overview*4*Job production*4*Batch production*4*Flow production*4*Stock control*4*Just in Time*4*Kaizen (links only)*4**1*UNIT 4 - FURTHER MARKETING (OPTIONAL)*2*Marketing mix *4*Place (Distribution: location, patterns of distribution)*4*Price (Pricing: elasticity, pricing strategies)*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Promotion notes (Promotion: advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, branding)*4* - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation  *4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4* - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4* Product (Product: value analysis, the product life cycle)*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4* Boston product matrix*1*UNIT 10 - BUSINESS STRATEGY*2*Critical path analysis*4*The business cycle*4*Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Technological change*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Social change*4*Environmental External costs*4*Communication*4*Types of communication*4*Informal and formal networks*4*Barriers to effective communication*4*Difficulties for larger organisations and possible 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_E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _D_E_C_I_S_I_O_N_S_ _A_N_D_ _U_N_I_T_ _3_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _B_E_H_A_V_I_O_U_R_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ _S_e_g_m_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ _r_e_s_e_a_r_c_h_ _(_s_m_a_l_l_ _b_u_d_g_e_t_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_N_i_c_h_e_ _v_e_r_s_u_s_ _m_a_s_s_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _(_w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _v_e_r_s_u_s_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _o_r_i_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_F_i_n_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_s_*_4_*_ _M_o_t_i_v_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_O_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_s_i_g_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _d_i_s_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _s_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_a_p_a_c_i_t_y_ _u_t_i_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _o_v_e_r_v_i_e_w_*_4_*_J_o_b_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_B_a_t_c_h_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_F_l_o_w_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_t_o_c_k_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_*_4_*_J_u_s_t_ _i_n_ _T_i_m_e_*_4_*_K_a_i_z_e_n_ _(_l_i_n_k_s_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _F_U_R_T_H_E_R_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_I_N_G_ _(_O_P_T_I_O_N_A_L_)_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_ _*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_ _(_D_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_:_ _l_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _(_P_r_i_c_i_n_g_:_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_,_ _p_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_ _(_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_:_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_,_ _s_a_l_e_s_ _p_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_e_r_s_o_n_a_l_ _s_e_l_l_i_n_g_,_ _b_r_a_n_d_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_ _ _*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _(_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_:_ _v_a_l_u_e_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_,_ _t_h_e_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_ _B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_0_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _S_T_R_A_T_E_G_Y_*_2_*_C_r_i_t_i_c_a_l_ _p_a_t_h_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_f_o_r_m_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _f_o_r_m_a_l_ _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_s_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_i_c_u_l_t_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _l_a_r_g_e_r_ _o_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _s_o_l_u_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_B_u_d_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_L_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_a_t_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_U_s_e_ _o_f_ _I_T_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _u_n_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_A_C_A_S','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5459,'82.8.167.110','1275142960','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/business/ocr10bus.htm','business studies','gcse','business management/studies','Saturday  15:24  29/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','OCR - revision site for teachers of Business Studies (limited number of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - BUSINESSES, THEIR OBJECTIVES AND ENVIRONMENT*2*The business cycle*4* Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Environmental External costs*1*UNIT 2 - BUSINESS DECISIONS AND UNIT 3 BUSINESS BEHAVIOUR*2*Market Segmentation*4*Market research (small budget only)*4*Niche versus mass marketing (worksheet only)*4*Product versus market orientation*4*Marketing mix*4*Place*4*Price*4*Promotion notes*4*  - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation*4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4*  - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4*Product*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4*Boston product matrix*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Costs*4*Final accounts*4* Motivation*4*Organisational design*4*Economies and diseconomies of scale*4*Capacity utilisation*4*Production overview*4*Job production*4*Batch production*4*Flow production*4*Stock control*4*Just in Time*4*Kaizen (links only)*4**1*UNIT 4 - FURTHER MARKETING (OPTIONAL)*2*Marketing mix *4*Place (Distribution: location, patterns of distribution)*4*Price (Pricing: elasticity, pricing strategies)*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Promotion notes (Promotion: advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, branding)*4* - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation  *4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4* - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4* Product (Product: value analysis, the product life cycle)*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4* Boston product matrix*1*UNIT 10 - BUSINESS STRATEGY*2*Critical path analysis*4*The business cycle*4*Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Technological change*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Social change*4*Environmental External costs*4*Communication*4*Types of communication*4*Informal and formal networks*4*Barriers to effective communication*4*Difficulties for larger organisations and possible solutions*4*Budgets*4*Location*4*Ratio analysis*4*Use of IT*4*Trade unions*4*ACAS','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_/_o_c_r_1_0_b_u_s_._h_t_m','_b_u_s_ _s_t_u_d_/_m_g_t','','_1','','0','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','_O_C_R_ _-_ _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _s_i_t_e_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_a_c_h_e_r_s_ _o_f_ _B_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _S_t_u_d_i_e_s_ _(_l_i_m_i_t_e_d_ _n_u_m_b_e_r_ _o_f_ _w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_s_)_ _a_n_d_ _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _w_e_b_s_i_t_e_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_E_S_,_ _T_H_E_I_R_ _O_B_J_E_C_T_I_V_E_S_ _A_N_D_ _E_N_V_I_R_O_N_M_E_N_T_*_2_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_ _I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ 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_p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_0_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _S_T_R_A_T_E_G_Y_*_2_*_C_r_i_t_i_c_a_l_ _p_a_t_h_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_f_o_r_m_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _f_o_r_m_a_l_ _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_s_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_i_c_u_l_t_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _l_a_r_g_e_r_ _o_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _s_o_l_u_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_B_u_d_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_L_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_a_t_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_U_s_e_ _o_f_ _I_T_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _u_n_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_A_C_A_S','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5460,'82.8.167.110','1275142960','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/business/ocr10bus.htm','business studies','a level','business management/studies','Saturday  15:24  29/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','OCR - revision site for teachers of Business Studies (limited number of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - BUSINESSES, THEIR OBJECTIVES AND ENVIRONMENT*2*The business cycle*4* Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Environmental External costs*1*UNIT 2 - BUSINESS DECISIONS AND UNIT 3 BUSINESS BEHAVIOUR*2*Market Segmentation*4*Market research (small budget only)*4*Niche versus mass marketing (worksheet only)*4*Product versus market orientation*4*Marketing mix*4*Place*4*Price*4*Promotion notes*4*  - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation*4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4*  - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4*Product*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4*Boston product matrix*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Costs*4*Final accounts*4* Motivation*4*Organisational design*4*Economies and diseconomies of scale*4*Capacity utilisation*4*Production overview*4*Job production*4*Batch production*4*Flow production*4*Stock control*4*Just in Time*4*Kaizen (links only)*4**1*UNIT 4 - FURTHER MARKETING (OPTIONAL)*2*Marketing mix *4*Place (Distribution: location, patterns of distribution)*4*Price (Pricing: elasticity, pricing strategies)*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Promotion notes (Promotion: advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, branding)*4* - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation  *4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4* - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4* Product (Product: value analysis, the product life cycle)*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4* Boston product matrix*1*UNIT 10 - BUSINESS STRATEGY*2*Critical path analysis*4*The business cycle*4*Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Technological change*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Social change*4*Environmental External costs*4*Communication*4*Types of communication*4*Informal and formal networks*4*Barriers to effective communication*4*Difficulties for larger organisations and possible solutions*4*Budgets*4*Location*4*Ratio analysis*4*Use of IT*4*Trade unions*4*ACAS','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_/_o_c_r_1_0_b_u_s_._h_t_m','_b_u_s_ _s_t_u_d_/_m_g_t','','_1','','0','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','_O_C_R_ _-_ _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _s_i_t_e_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_a_c_h_e_r_s_ _o_f_ _B_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _S_t_u_d_i_e_s_ _(_l_i_m_i_t_e_d_ _n_u_m_b_e_r_ _o_f_ _w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_s_)_ _a_n_d_ _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _w_e_b_s_i_t_e_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_E_S_,_ _T_H_E_I_R_ _O_B_J_E_C_T_I_V_E_S_ _A_N_D_ _E_N_V_I_R_O_N_M_E_N_T_*_2_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_ _I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _D_E_C_I_S_I_O_N_S_ _A_N_D_ _U_N_I_T_ _3_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _B_E_H_A_V_I_O_U_R_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ 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_e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_ _(_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_:_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_,_ _s_a_l_e_s_ _p_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_e_r_s_o_n_a_l_ _s_e_l_l_i_n_g_,_ _b_r_a_n_d_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_ _ _*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _(_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_:_ _v_a_l_u_e_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_,_ _t_h_e_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_ _B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_0_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _S_T_R_A_T_E_G_Y_*_2_*_C_r_i_t_i_c_a_l_ _p_a_t_h_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_f_o_r_m_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _f_o_r_m_a_l_ _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_s_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_i_c_u_l_t_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _l_a_r_g_e_r_ _o_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _s_o_l_u_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_B_u_d_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_L_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_a_t_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_U_s_e_ _o_f_ _I_T_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _u_n_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_A_C_A_S','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5461,'82.8.167.110','1275142960','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/business/ocr10bus.htm','business studies','[iii/iv]','business management/studies','Saturday  15:24  29/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','OCR - revision site for teachers of Business Studies (limited number of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - BUSINESSES, THEIR OBJECTIVES AND ENVIRONMENT*2*The business cycle*4* Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Environmental External costs*1*UNIT 2 - BUSINESS DECISIONS AND UNIT 3 BUSINESS BEHAVIOUR*2*Market Segmentation*4*Market research (small budget only)*4*Niche versus mass marketing (worksheet only)*4*Product versus market orientation*4*Marketing mix*4*Place*4*Price*4*Promotion notes*4*  - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation*4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4*  - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4*Product*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4*Boston product matrix*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Costs*4*Final accounts*4* Motivation*4*Organisational design*4*Economies and diseconomies of scale*4*Capacity utilisation*4*Production overview*4*Job production*4*Batch production*4*Flow production*4*Stock control*4*Just in Time*4*Kaizen (links only)*4**1*UNIT 4 - FURTHER MARKETING (OPTIONAL)*2*Marketing mix *4*Place (Distribution: location, patterns of distribution)*4*Price (Pricing: elasticity, pricing strategies)*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Promotion notes (Promotion: advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, branding)*4* - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation  *4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4* - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4* Product (Product: value analysis, the product life cycle)*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4* Boston product matrix*1*UNIT 10 - BUSINESS STRATEGY*2*Critical path analysis*4*The business cycle*4*Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Technological change*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Social change*4*Environmental External costs*4*Communication*4*Types of communication*4*Informal and formal networks*4*Barriers to effective communication*4*Difficulties for larger organisations and possible solutions*4*Budgets*4*Location*4*Ratio analysis*4*Use of IT*4*Trade unions*4*ACAS','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_/_o_c_r_1_0_b_u_s_._h_t_m','_b_u_s_ _s_t_u_d_/_m_g_t','','_1','','0','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','_O_C_R_ _-_ _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _s_i_t_e_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_a_c_h_e_r_s_ _o_f_ _B_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _S_t_u_d_i_e_s_ _(_l_i_m_i_t_e_d_ _n_u_m_b_e_r_ _o_f_ _w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_s_)_ _a_n_d_ _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _w_e_b_s_i_t_e_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_E_S_,_ _T_H_E_I_R_ _O_B_J_E_C_T_I_V_E_S_ _A_N_D_ _E_N_V_I_R_O_N_M_E_N_T_*_2_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_ _I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _D_E_C_I_S_I_O_N_S_ _A_N_D_ _U_N_I_T_ _3_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _B_E_H_A_V_I_O_U_R_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ _S_e_g_m_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_ _r_e_s_e_a_r_c_h_ _(_s_m_a_l_l_ _b_u_d_g_e_t_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_N_i_c_h_e_ _v_e_r_s_u_s_ _m_a_s_s_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _(_w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _v_e_r_s_u_s_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _o_r_i_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_F_i_n_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_s_*_4_*_ _M_o_t_i_v_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_O_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_s_i_g_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _d_i_s_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _s_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_a_p_a_c_i_t_y_ _u_t_i_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _o_v_e_r_v_i_e_w_*_4_*_J_o_b_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_B_a_t_c_h_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_F_l_o_w_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_t_o_c_k_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_*_4_*_J_u_s_t_ _i_n_ _T_i_m_e_*_4_*_K_a_i_z_e_n_ _(_l_i_n_k_s_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _F_U_R_T_H_E_R_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_I_N_G_ _(_O_P_T_I_O_N_A_L_)_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_ _*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_ _(_D_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_:_ _l_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _(_P_r_i_c_i_n_g_:_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_,_ _p_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_ _(_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_:_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_,_ _s_a_l_e_s_ _p_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_e_r_s_o_n_a_l_ _s_e_l_l_i_n_g_,_ _b_r_a_n_d_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_ _ _*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _(_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_:_ _v_a_l_u_e_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_,_ _t_h_e_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_)_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_ _B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_0_ _-_ _B_U_S_I_N_E_S_S_ _S_T_R_A_T_E_G_Y_*_2_*_C_r_i_t_i_c_a_l_ _p_a_t_h_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_A_n_a_l_y_s_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s_*_4_*_T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_f_o_r_m_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _f_o_r_m_a_l_ _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_s_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_i_c_u_l_t_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _l_a_r_g_e_r_ _o_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _s_o_l_u_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_B_u_d_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_L_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_a_t_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_U_s_e_ _o_f_ _I_T_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _u_n_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_A_C_A_S','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5462,'82.8.167.110','1275142960','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/business/ocr10bus.htm','business studies','[v/vi]','business management/studies','Saturday  15:24  29/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','OCR - revision site for teachers of Business Studies (limited number of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - BUSINESSES, THEIR OBJECTIVES AND ENVIRONMENT*2*The business cycle*4* Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Environmental External costs*1*UNIT 2 - BUSINESS DECISIONS AND UNIT 3 BUSINESS BEHAVIOUR*2*Market Segmentation*4*Market research (small budget only)*4*Niche versus mass marketing (worksheet only)*4*Product versus market orientation*4*Marketing mix*4*Place*4*Price*4*Promotion notes*4*  - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation*4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4*  - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4*Product*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4*Boston product matrix*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Costs*4*Final accounts*4* Motivation*4*Organisational design*4*Economies and diseconomies of scale*4*Capacity utilisation*4*Production overview*4*Job production*4*Batch production*4*Flow production*4*Stock control*4*Just in Time*4*Kaizen (links only)*4**1*UNIT 4 - FURTHER MARKETING (OPTIONAL)*2*Marketing mix *4*Place (Distribution: location, patterns of distribution)*4*Price (Pricing: elasticity, pricing strategies)*4*Price elasticity of demand*4*Income elasticity of demand*4*Cross elasticity of demand*4*Price elasticity of supply*4*Promotion notes (Promotion: advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, branding)*4* - Promotion PowerPoint Presentation  *4* - Controls on advertising PowerPoint Presentation*4* - All is not what it seems PowerPoint Presentation*4* Product (Product: value analysis, the product life cycle)*4*Product life cycle*4*Product portfolio analysis*4* Boston product matrix*1*UNIT 10 - BUSINESS STRATEGY*2*Critical path analysis*4*The business cycle*4*Interest rates*4*Exchange rates*4*Inflation*4*Unemployment*4*Analysing the effects of economic variables*4*Technological change*4*Social and cultural Demographic changes*4*Social change*4*Environmental External costs*4*Communication*4*Types of communication*4*Informal and formal networks*4*Barriers to effective communication*4*Difficulties for larger organisations and possible solutions*4*Budgets*4*Location*4*Ratio analysis*4*Use of IT*4*Trade unions*4*ACAS','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_b_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_/_o_c_r_1_0_b_u_s_._h_t_m','_b_u_s_ _s_t_u_d_/_m_g_t','','_1','','0','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','_O_C_R_ _-_ _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _s_i_t_e_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_a_c_h_e_r_s_ _o_f_ _B_u_s_i_n_e_s_s_ _S_t_u_d_i_e_s_ _(_l_i_m_i_t_e_d_ _n_u_m_b_e_r_ _o_f_ _w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_s_)_ _a_n_d_ _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _w_e_b_s_i_t_e_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_ _-_ 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_n_o_t_e_s_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_s_ _o_n_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _ _-_ _A_l_l_ _i_s_ _n_o_t_ _w_h_a_t_ _i_t_ _s_e_e_m_s_ _P_o_w_e_r_P_o_i_n_t_ _P_r_e_s_e_n_t_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _l_i_f_e_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _p_o_r_t_f_o_l_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_B_o_s_t_o_n_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_ _m_a_t_r_i_x_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_F_i_n_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_s_*_4_*_ _M_o_t_i_v_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_O_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_s_i_g_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _d_i_s_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _s_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_a_p_a_c_i_t_y_ _u_t_i_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _o_v_e_r_v_i_e_w_*_4_*_J_o_b_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_B_a_t_c_h_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_F_l_o_w_ _p_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_t_o_c_k_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_*_4_*_J_u_s_t_ _i_n_ _T_i_m_e_*_4_*_K_a_i_z_e_n_ _(_l_i_n_k_s_ _o_n_l_y_)_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _F_U_R_T_H_E_R_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_I_N_G_ _(_O_P_T_I_O_N_A_L_)_*_2_*_M_a_r_k_e_t_i_n_g_ _m_i_x_ _*_4_*_P_l_a_c_e_ _(_D_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_:_ _l_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _d_i_s_t_r_i_b_u_t_i_o_n_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _(_P_r_i_c_i_n_g_:_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_,_ _p_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_)_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _e_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_ _n_o_t_e_s_ _(_P_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_:_ _a_d_v_e_r_t_i_s_i_n_g_,_ _s_a_l_e_s_ _p_r_o_m_o_t_i_o_n_,_ _p_e_r_s_o_n_a_l_ _s_e_l_l_i_n_g_,_ _b_r_a_n_d_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_ _-_ 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_c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _D_e_m_o_g_r_a_p_h_i_c_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_s_*_4_*_S_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_*_4_*_E_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t_a_l_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_f_o_r_m_a_l_ _a_n_d_ _f_o_r_m_a_l_ _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_s_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_m_m_u_n_i_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_i_c_u_l_t_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _l_a_r_g_e_r_ _o_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _s_o_l_u_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_B_u_d_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_L_o_c_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_a_t_i_o_ _a_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_*_4_*_U_s_e_ _o_f_ _I_T_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _u_n_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_A_C_A_S','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5463,'82.8.167.110','1275212319','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/economics/ocrindex.htm','economics','[9th/10th]','economics','Sunday  10:39  30/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','4','1','anon','OCR - revision site for teachers of Economics (couple of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - THE MARKET SYSTEM*2*Glossary of terms*4*Positive and Normative Economics*4*Factors of Production*4*Scarcity*4*Opportunity Cost*4*The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)*4*Specialisation and the Division of Labour*4*Short Run and Long Run*4*Economies of Scale*4*Comparative and Absolute Advantage and links*4*The Demand for Goods and Services and links*4*The Supply of Goods and Services*4*The Equilibrium of Demand and Supply and links*4*Consumer Surplus*4*Producer Surplus*4*Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Income Elasticity of Demand*4*Cross Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Price Elasticity of Supply*4*Labour Markets*4*Housing Markets*4*Exchange rates (Money Markets)*4*Entry and Exit of Firms*4*Minimum Prices*4*Maximum Prices*4*Agricultural Markets*4*Indirect Taxes*4*Indirect Subsidies*4*Economic Systems*1*UNIT 2 - MARKET FAILURE AND GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION*2*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4*- Positive externalities*4*- Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Monopolies and how they affect efficiency*4*Monopoly And The Public Interest*4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4*- Pollution regulation*4*- Extending property rights*4*- Marketable pollution permits*4*- The climate change levy*4*- Coase theorem*4*- Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits: case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis: All Change in the UK*4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*1*UNIT 3 - THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY*2*Aggregate demand curve*4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4**4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4*- UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4**4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4**4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4**4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4**4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4**4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side*4*Types of trade protectionism.*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*International exchange.*1*UNIT 4 - ECONOMICS OF WORK AND LEISURE*2*- Perfect competition*4*- Monopoly*4*- Monopolistic competition*4*- Game theory*4*- Oligopoly*1*UNIT 8 - ECONOMICS IN A EUROPEAN CONTEXT*2*Types of trading blocs*4*Examples of trading blocs*4*Types of trade protectionism*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*European Monetary Union','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_/_o_c_r_i_n_d_e_x_._h_t_m','_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s','','_1','','0','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','_O_C_R_ _-_ _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _s_i_t_e_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_a_c_h_e_r_s_ _o_f_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_ _(_c_o_u_p_l_e_ _o_f_ _w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_s_)_ _a_n_d_ _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _w_e_b_s_i_t_e_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_ _-_ _T_H_E_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_ _S_Y_S_T_E_M_*_2_*_G_l_o_s_s_a_r_y_ _o_f_ _t_e_r_m_s_*_4_*_P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _N_o_r_m_a_t_i_v_e_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_*_4_*_F_a_c_t_o_r_s_ _o_f_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_c_a_r_c_i_t_y_*_4_*_O_p_p_o_r_t_u_n_i_t_y_ _C_o_s_t_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_s_s_i_b_i_l_i_t_y_ _F_r_o_n_t_i_e_r_ _(_P_P_F_)_*_4_*_S_p_e_c_i_a_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_h_e_ _D_i_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _o_f_ _L_a_b_o_u_r_*_4_*_S_h_o_r_t_ _R_u_n_ _a_n_d_ _L_o_n_g_ _R_u_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _S_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_a_r_a_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _A_b_s_o_l_u_t_e_ _A_d_v_a_n_t_a_g_e_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _f_o_r_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _o_f_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_L_a_b_o_u_r_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_H_o_u_s_i_n_g_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_ _(_M_o_n_e_y_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_)_*_4_*_E_n_t_r_y_ _a_n_d_ _E_x_i_t_ _o_f_ _F_i_r_m_s_*_4_*_M_i_n_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_M_a_x_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_A_g_r_i_c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _S_y_s_t_e_m_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_ _F_A_I_L_U_R_E_ _A_N_D_ _G_O_V_E_R_N_M_E_N_T_ _I_N_T_E_R_V_E_N_T_I_O_N_*_2_*_E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_r_i_v_a_t_e_ _a_n_d_ _s_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_ _a_n_d_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_g_a_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _s_p_i_l_l_o_v_e_r_s_*_4_*_M_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _g_o_o_d_s_ _t_a_s_k_*_4_*_P_u_b_l_i_c_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _h_o_w_ _t_h_e_y_ _a_f_f_e_c_t_ _e_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _P_u_b_l_i_c_ _I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _-_ _c_o_r_r_e_c_t_i_n_g_ _f_o_r_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _r_e_g_u_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _E_x_t_e_n_d_i_n_g_ _p_r_o_p_e_r_t_y_ _r_i_g_h_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_ _l_e_v_y_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_a_s_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_e_m_*_4_*_-_ _L_a_n_d_f_i_l_l_ _t_a_x_*_4_*_-_ _K_y_o_t_o_ _t_r_e_a_t_y_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_e_d_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _C_o_n_v_e_n_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_:_ _c_a_s_e_ _S_t_u_d_y_ _w_i_t_h_ _Q_u_e_s_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_-_ _A_l_a_s_k_a_n_s_ _f_a_c_e_ _t_h_a_w_*_4_*_-_ _C_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _C_r_i_s_i_s_:_ _A_l_l_ _C_h_a_n_g_e_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_M_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _g_o_o_d_s_ _t_a_s_k_*_4_*_P_u_b_l_i_c_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_ _A_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_ _(_C_B_A_)_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _E_n_t_r_y_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _3_ _-_ _T_H_E_ _N_A_T_I_O_N_A_L_ _A_N_D_ _I_N_T_E_R_N_A_T_I_O_N_A_L_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_Y_*_2_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _c_u_r_v_e_*_4_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_-_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_ _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_ 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_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _r_e_d_u_c_e_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _C_h_a_n_g_i_n_g_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _F_u_l_l_ _e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_u_r_a_l_ _r_a_t_e_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _N_A_I_R_U_*_4_*_-_ _J_o_b_ _v_a_c_a_n_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _L_o_n_g_ _t_e_r_m_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_w_ _D_e_a_l_*_4_*_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_m_e_n_t_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_o_r_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _r_e_s_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_o_n_g_ _r_u_n_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _j_o_b_s_*_4_*_-_ _U_S_A_ _a_ _m_o_d_e_l_ _t_o_ _f_o_l_l_o_w_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e_ _o_f_ _o_u_t_p_u_t_ _i_n_ _a_n_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_*_4_*_*_4_*_B_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _U_K_\\_&#039;_s_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _m_u_s_t_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_n_ _a_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_y_ _s_a_f_e_l_y_ _i_g_n_o_r_e_ _a_ _p_e_r_s_i_s_t_e_n_t_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_ _d_e_f_i_c_i_t_*_4_*_*_4_*_C_o_n_f_l_i_c_t_s_ _B_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _M_a_c_r_o_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_*_4_*_D_e_m_a_n_d_ _m_a_n_a_g_e_m_e_n_t_ _o_r_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_ _s_i_d_e_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_._*_4_*_R_e_a_s_o_n_s_ _f_o_r_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _c_r_e_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _d_i_v_e_r_s_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _e_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_._*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_S_ _O_F_ _W_O_R_K_ _A_N_D_ _L_E_I_S_U_R_E_*_2_*_-_ _P_e_r_f_e_c_t_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_s_t_i_c_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _G_a_m_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_y_*_4_*_-_ _O_l_i_g_o_p_o_l_y_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _8_ _-_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_S_ _I_N_ _A_ _E_U_R_O_P_E_A_N_ _C_O_N_T_E_X_T_*_2_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_R_e_a_s_o_n_s_ _f_o_r_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _c_r_e_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _d_i_v_e_r_s_i_o_n_*_4_*_E_u_r_o_p_e_a_n_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _U_n_i_o_n','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5464,'82.8.167.110','1275212319','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/economics/ocrindex.htm','economics','[11th/12th]','economics','Sunday  10:39  30/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','4','1','anon','OCR - revision site for teachers of Economics (couple of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - THE MARKET SYSTEM*2*Glossary of terms*4*Positive and Normative Economics*4*Factors of Production*4*Scarcity*4*Opportunity Cost*4*The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)*4*Specialisation and the Division of Labour*4*Short Run and Long Run*4*Economies of Scale*4*Comparative and Absolute Advantage and links*4*The Demand for Goods and Services and links*4*The Supply of Goods and Services*4*The Equilibrium of Demand and Supply and links*4*Consumer Surplus*4*Producer Surplus*4*Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Income Elasticity of Demand*4*Cross Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Price Elasticity of Supply*4*Labour Markets*4*Housing Markets*4*Exchange rates (Money Markets)*4*Entry and Exit of Firms*4*Minimum Prices*4*Maximum Prices*4*Agricultural Markets*4*Indirect Taxes*4*Indirect Subsidies*4*Economic Systems*1*UNIT 2 - MARKET FAILURE AND GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION*2*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4*- Positive externalities*4*- Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Monopolies and how they affect efficiency*4*Monopoly And The Public Interest*4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4*- Pollution regulation*4*- Extending property rights*4*- Marketable pollution permits*4*- The climate change levy*4*- Coase theorem*4*- Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits: case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis: All Change in the UK*4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*1*UNIT 3 - THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY*2*Aggregate demand curve*4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4**4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4*- UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4**4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4**4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4**4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4**4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4**4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side*4*Types of trade protectionism.*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*International exchange.*1*UNIT 4 - ECONOMICS OF WORK AND LEISURE*2*- Perfect competition*4*- Monopoly*4*- Monopolistic competition*4*- Game theory*4*- Oligopoly*1*UNIT 8 - ECONOMICS IN A EUROPEAN CONTEXT*2*Types of trading blocs*4*Examples of trading blocs*4*Types of trade protectionism*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*European Monetary Union','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_/_o_c_r_i_n_d_e_x_._h_t_m','_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s','','_1','','0','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','_O_C_R_ _-_ _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _s_i_t_e_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_a_c_h_e_r_s_ _o_f_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_ _(_c_o_u_p_l_e_ _o_f_ _w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_s_)_ _a_n_d_ _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _w_e_b_s_i_t_e_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_ _-_ _T_H_E_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_ _S_Y_S_T_E_M_*_2_*_G_l_o_s_s_a_r_y_ _o_f_ _t_e_r_m_s_*_4_*_P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _N_o_r_m_a_t_i_v_e_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_*_4_*_F_a_c_t_o_r_s_ _o_f_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_c_a_r_c_i_t_y_*_4_*_O_p_p_o_r_t_u_n_i_t_y_ _C_o_s_t_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_s_s_i_b_i_l_i_t_y_ _F_r_o_n_t_i_e_r_ _(_P_P_F_)_*_4_*_S_p_e_c_i_a_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_h_e_ _D_i_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _o_f_ _L_a_b_o_u_r_*_4_*_S_h_o_r_t_ _R_u_n_ _a_n_d_ _L_o_n_g_ _R_u_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _S_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_a_r_a_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _A_b_s_o_l_u_t_e_ _A_d_v_a_n_t_a_g_e_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _f_o_r_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _o_f_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_L_a_b_o_u_r_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_H_o_u_s_i_n_g_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_ _(_M_o_n_e_y_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_)_*_4_*_E_n_t_r_y_ _a_n_d_ _E_x_i_t_ _o_f_ _F_i_r_m_s_*_4_*_M_i_n_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_M_a_x_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_A_g_r_i_c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _S_y_s_t_e_m_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_ _F_A_I_L_U_R_E_ _A_N_D_ _G_O_V_E_R_N_M_E_N_T_ _I_N_T_E_R_V_E_N_T_I_O_N_*_2_*_E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_r_i_v_a_t_e_ _a_n_d_ _s_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_ _a_n_d_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_g_a_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _s_p_i_l_l_o_v_e_r_s_*_4_*_M_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _g_o_o_d_s_ _t_a_s_k_*_4_*_P_u_b_l_i_c_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _h_o_w_ _t_h_e_y_ _a_f_f_e_c_t_ _e_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _P_u_b_l_i_c_ _I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _-_ _c_o_r_r_e_c_t_i_n_g_ _f_o_r_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _r_e_g_u_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _E_x_t_e_n_d_i_n_g_ _p_r_o_p_e_r_t_y_ _r_i_g_h_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_ _l_e_v_y_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_a_s_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_e_m_*_4_*_-_ _L_a_n_d_f_i_l_l_ _t_a_x_*_4_*_-_ _K_y_o_t_o_ _t_r_e_a_t_y_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_e_d_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _C_o_n_v_e_n_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_:_ _c_a_s_e_ _S_t_u_d_y_ _w_i_t_h_ _Q_u_e_s_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_-_ _A_l_a_s_k_a_n_s_ _f_a_c_e_ _t_h_a_w_*_4_*_-_ _C_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _C_r_i_s_i_s_:_ _A_l_l_ _C_h_a_n_g_e_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_M_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _g_o_o_d_s_ _t_a_s_k_*_4_*_P_u_b_l_i_c_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_ _A_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_ _(_C_B_A_)_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _E_n_t_r_y_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _3_ _-_ _T_H_E_ _N_A_T_I_O_N_A_L_ _A_N_D_ _I_N_T_E_R_N_A_T_I_O_N_A_L_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_Y_*_2_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _c_u_r_v_e_*_4_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_-_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_ _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_ _r_a_t_i_o_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _c_o_n_f_i_d_e_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _W_e_a_l_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_-_ _F_r_i_e_d_m_a_n_\\_&#039;_s_ _p_e_r_m_a_n_e_n_t_ _i_n_c_o_m_e_ _h_y_p_o_t_h_e_s_i_s_*_4_*_*_4_*_I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_s_s_ _a_n_d_ _n_e_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _W_h_y_ _d_o_ _f_i_r_m_s_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_*_4_*_-_ _U_K_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _I_n_ _A_n_ _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _C_o_n_t_e_x_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _M_a_r_g_i_n_a_l_ _E_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _T_h_e_ _K_e_y_n_e_s_i_a_n_ _T_h_e_o_r_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _a_c_c_e_l_e_r_a_t_o_r_*_4_*_-_ _R_e_c_e_n_t_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _I_n_ _T_h_e_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _O_f_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _A_n_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _S_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _b_a_s_e_*_4_*_-_ _D_i_r_e_c_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _i_n_t_o_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_w_a_r_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _R_e_g_i_o_n_a_l_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _P_r_o_b_l_e_m_*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _s_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _b_o_r_r_o_w_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_b_t_*_4_*_E_x_p_o_r_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _I_m_p_o_r_t_s_*_4_*_O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _m_a_c_r_o_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _p_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _i_t_s_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_a_r_y_ _g_a_p_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_ _l_a_b_o_u_r_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_r_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _D_e_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _f_i_g_u_r_e_s_ _(_E_x_c_e_l_ _s_p_r_e_a_d_s_h_e_e_t_)_*_4_*_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _M_e_a_s_u_r_i_n_g_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _r_e_d_u_c_e_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _C_h_a_n_g_i_n_g_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _F_u_l_l_ _e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_u_r_a_l_ _r_a_t_e_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _N_A_I_R_U_*_4_*_-_ _J_o_b_ _v_a_c_a_n_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _L_o_n_g_ _t_e_r_m_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_w_ _D_e_a_l_*_4_*_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_m_e_n_t_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_o_r_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _r_e_s_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_o_n_g_ _r_u_n_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _j_o_b_s_*_4_*_-_ _U_S_A_ _a_ _m_o_d_e_l_ _t_o_ _f_o_l_l_o_w_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e_ _o_f_ _o_u_t_p_u_t_ _i_n_ _a_n_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_*_4_*_*_4_*_B_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _U_K_\\_&#039;_s_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _m_u_s_t_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_n_ _a_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_y_ _s_a_f_e_l_y_ _i_g_n_o_r_e_ _a_ _p_e_r_s_i_s_t_e_n_t_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_ _d_e_f_i_c_i_t_*_4_*_*_4_*_C_o_n_f_l_i_c_t_s_ _B_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _M_a_c_r_o_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_*_4_*_D_e_m_a_n_d_ _m_a_n_a_g_e_m_e_n_t_ _o_r_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_ _s_i_d_e_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_._*_4_*_R_e_a_s_o_n_s_ _f_o_r_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _c_r_e_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _d_i_v_e_r_s_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _e_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_._*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_S_ _O_F_ _W_O_R_K_ _A_N_D_ _L_E_I_S_U_R_E_*_2_*_-_ _P_e_r_f_e_c_t_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_s_t_i_c_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _G_a_m_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_y_*_4_*_-_ _O_l_i_g_o_p_o_l_y_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _8_ _-_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_S_ _I_N_ _A_ _E_U_R_O_P_E_A_N_ _C_O_N_T_E_X_T_*_2_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_R_e_a_s_o_n_s_ _f_o_r_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _c_r_e_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _d_i_v_e_r_s_i_o_n_*_4_*_E_u_r_o_p_e_a_n_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _U_n_i_o_n','_1','0','_2','0','0');
INSERT INTO `full_link_ok` VALUES (5465,'82.8.167.110','1275212319','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/economics/ocrindex.htm','economics','ap','economics','Sunday  10:39  30/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','4','1','anon','OCR - revision site for teachers of Economics (couple of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - THE MARKET SYSTEM*2*Glossary of terms*4*Positive and Normative Economics*4*Factors of Production*4*Scarcity*4*Opportunity Cost*4*The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)*4*Specialisation and the Division of Labour*4*Short Run and Long Run*4*Economies of Scale*4*Comparative and Absolute Advantage and links*4*The Demand for Goods and Services and links*4*The Supply of Goods and Services*4*The Equilibrium of Demand and Supply and links*4*Consumer Surplus*4*Producer Surplus*4*Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Income Elasticity of Demand*4*Cross Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Price Elasticity of Supply*4*Labour Markets*4*Housing Markets*4*Exchange rates (Money Markets)*4*Entry and Exit of Firms*4*Minimum Prices*4*Maximum Prices*4*Agricultural Markets*4*Indirect Taxes*4*Indirect Subsidies*4*Economic Systems*1*UNIT 2 - MARKET FAILURE AND GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION*2*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4*- Positive externalities*4*- Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Monopolies and how they affect efficiency*4*Monopoly And The Public Interest*4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4*- Pollution regulation*4*- Extending property rights*4*- Marketable pollution permits*4*- The climate change levy*4*- Coase theorem*4*- Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits: case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis: All Change in the UK*4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*1*UNIT 3 - THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY*2*Aggregate demand curve*4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4**4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4*- UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4**4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4**4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4**4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4**4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4**4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side*4*Types of trade protectionism.*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*International exchange.*1*UNIT 4 - ECONOMICS OF WORK AND LEISURE*2*- Perfect competition*4*- Monopoly*4*- Monopolistic competition*4*- Game theory*4*- Oligopoly*1*UNIT 8 - ECONOMICS IN A EUROPEAN CONTEXT*2*Types of trading blocs*4*Examples of trading blocs*4*Types of trade protectionism*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*European Monetary Union','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_/_o_c_r_i_n_d_e_x_._h_t_m','_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s','','_1','','0','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','_O_C_R_ _-_ _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _s_i_t_e_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_a_c_h_e_r_s_ _o_f_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_ _(_c_o_u_p_l_e_ _o_f_ _w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_s_)_ _a_n_d_ _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _w_e_b_s_i_t_e_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_ _-_ _T_H_E_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_ _S_Y_S_T_E_M_*_2_*_G_l_o_s_s_a_r_y_ _o_f_ _t_e_r_m_s_*_4_*_P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _N_o_r_m_a_t_i_v_e_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_*_4_*_F_a_c_t_o_r_s_ _o_f_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_c_a_r_c_i_t_y_*_4_*_O_p_p_o_r_t_u_n_i_t_y_ _C_o_s_t_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_s_s_i_b_i_l_i_t_y_ _F_r_o_n_t_i_e_r_ _(_P_P_F_)_*_4_*_S_p_e_c_i_a_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_h_e_ _D_i_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _o_f_ _L_a_b_o_u_r_*_4_*_S_h_o_r_t_ _R_u_n_ _a_n_d_ _L_o_n_g_ _R_u_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _S_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_a_r_a_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _A_b_s_o_l_u_t_e_ _A_d_v_a_n_t_a_g_e_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _f_o_r_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _o_f_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_L_a_b_o_u_r_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_H_o_u_s_i_n_g_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_ _(_M_o_n_e_y_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_)_*_4_*_E_n_t_r_y_ _a_n_d_ _E_x_i_t_ _o_f_ _F_i_r_m_s_*_4_*_M_i_n_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_M_a_x_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_A_g_r_i_c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _S_y_s_t_e_m_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_ _F_A_I_L_U_R_E_ _A_N_D_ _G_O_V_E_R_N_M_E_N_T_ _I_N_T_E_R_V_E_N_T_I_O_N_*_2_*_E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_r_i_v_a_t_e_ _a_n_d_ _s_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_ _a_n_d_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_g_a_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _s_p_i_l_l_o_v_e_r_s_*_4_*_M_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _g_o_o_d_s_ _t_a_s_k_*_4_*_P_u_b_l_i_c_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _h_o_w_ _t_h_e_y_ _a_f_f_e_c_t_ _e_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _P_u_b_l_i_c_ _I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _-_ _c_o_r_r_e_c_t_i_n_g_ _f_o_r_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _r_e_g_u_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _E_x_t_e_n_d_i_n_g_ _p_r_o_p_e_r_t_y_ _r_i_g_h_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_ _l_e_v_y_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_a_s_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_e_m_*_4_*_-_ _L_a_n_d_f_i_l_l_ _t_a_x_*_4_*_-_ _K_y_o_t_o_ _t_r_e_a_t_y_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_e_d_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _C_o_n_v_e_n_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_:_ _c_a_s_e_ _S_t_u_d_y_ _w_i_t_h_ _Q_u_e_s_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_-_ _A_l_a_s_k_a_n_s_ _f_a_c_e_ _t_h_a_w_*_4_*_-_ _C_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _C_r_i_s_i_s_:_ _A_l_l_ _C_h_a_n_g_e_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_M_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _g_o_o_d_s_ _t_a_s_k_*_4_*_P_u_b_l_i_c_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_ _A_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_ _(_C_B_A_)_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _E_n_t_r_y_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _3_ _-_ _T_H_E_ _N_A_T_I_O_N_A_L_ _A_N_D_ _I_N_T_E_R_N_A_T_I_O_N_A_L_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_Y_*_2_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _c_u_r_v_e_*_4_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_-_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_ _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_ _r_a_t_i_o_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _c_o_n_f_i_d_e_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _W_e_a_l_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_-_ _F_r_i_e_d_m_a_n_\\_&#039;_s_ _p_e_r_m_a_n_e_n_t_ _i_n_c_o_m_e_ _h_y_p_o_t_h_e_s_i_s_*_4_*_*_4_*_I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_s_s_ _a_n_d_ _n_e_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _W_h_y_ _d_o_ _f_i_r_m_s_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_*_4_*_-_ _U_K_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _I_n_ _A_n_ _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _C_o_n_t_e_x_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _M_a_r_g_i_n_a_l_ _E_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _T_h_e_ _K_e_y_n_e_s_i_a_n_ _T_h_e_o_r_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _a_c_c_e_l_e_r_a_t_o_r_*_4_*_-_ _R_e_c_e_n_t_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _I_n_ _T_h_e_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _O_f_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _A_n_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _S_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _b_a_s_e_*_4_*_-_ _D_i_r_e_c_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _i_n_t_o_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_w_a_r_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _R_e_g_i_o_n_a_l_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _P_r_o_b_l_e_m_*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _s_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _b_o_r_r_o_w_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_b_t_*_4_*_E_x_p_o_r_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _I_m_p_o_r_t_s_*_4_*_O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _m_a_c_r_o_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _p_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _i_t_s_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_a_r_y_ _g_a_p_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_ _l_a_b_o_u_r_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_r_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _D_e_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _f_i_g_u_r_e_s_ _(_E_x_c_e_l_ _s_p_r_e_a_d_s_h_e_e_t_)_*_4_*_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _M_e_a_s_u_r_i_n_g_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _r_e_d_u_c_e_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _C_h_a_n_g_i_n_g_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _F_u_l_l_ _e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_u_r_a_l_ _r_a_t_e_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _N_A_I_R_U_*_4_*_-_ _J_o_b_ _v_a_c_a_n_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _L_o_n_g_ _t_e_r_m_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_w_ _D_e_a_l_*_4_*_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_m_e_n_t_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_o_r_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _r_e_s_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_o_n_g_ _r_u_n_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _j_o_b_s_*_4_*_-_ _U_S_A_ _a_ _m_o_d_e_l_ _t_o_ _f_o_l_l_o_w_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e_ _o_f_ _o_u_t_p_u_t_ _i_n_ _a_n_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_*_4_*_*_4_*_B_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _U_K_\\_&#039;_s_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _m_u_s_t_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_n_ _a_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_y_ _s_a_f_e_l_y_ _i_g_n_o_r_e_ _a_ _p_e_r_s_i_s_t_e_n_t_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_ _d_e_f_i_c_i_t_*_4_*_*_4_*_C_o_n_f_l_i_c_t_s_ _B_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _M_a_c_r_o_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_*_4_*_D_e_m_a_n_d_ _m_a_n_a_g_e_m_e_n_t_ _o_r_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_ _s_i_d_e_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_._*_4_*_R_e_a_s_o_n_s_ _f_o_r_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _c_r_e_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _d_i_v_e_r_s_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _e_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_._*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_S_ _O_F_ _W_O_R_K_ _A_N_D_ _L_E_I_S_U_R_E_*_2_*_-_ _P_e_r_f_e_c_t_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_s_t_i_c_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _G_a_m_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_y_*_4_*_-_ _O_l_i_g_o_p_o_l_y_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _8_ _-_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_S_ _I_N_ _A_ _E_U_R_O_P_E_A_N_ _C_O_N_T_E_X_T_*_2_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_R_e_a_s_o_n_s_ _f_o_r_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _c_r_e_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _d_i_v_e_r_s_i_o_n_*_4_*_E_u_r_o_p_e_a_n_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _U_n_i_o_n','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5466,'82.8.167.110','1275212319','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/economics/ocrindex.htm','economics','higher','economics','Sunday  10:40  30/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','OCR - revision site for teachers of Economics (couple of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - THE MARKET SYSTEM*2*Glossary of terms*4*Positive and Normative Economics*4*Factors of Production*4*Scarcity*4*Opportunity Cost*4*The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)*4*Specialisation and the Division of Labour*4*Short Run and Long Run*4*Economies of Scale*4*Comparative and Absolute Advantage and links*4*The Demand for Goods and Services and links*4*The Supply of Goods and Services*4*The Equilibrium of Demand and Supply and links*4*Consumer Surplus*4*Producer Surplus*4*Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Income Elasticity of Demand*4*Cross Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Price Elasticity of Supply*4*Labour Markets*4*Housing Markets*4*Exchange rates (Money Markets)*4*Entry and Exit of Firms*4*Minimum Prices*4*Maximum Prices*4*Agricultural Markets*4*Indirect Taxes*4*Indirect Subsidies*4*Economic Systems*1*UNIT 2 - MARKET FAILURE AND GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION*2*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4*- Positive externalities*4*- Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Monopolies and how they affect efficiency*4*Monopoly And The Public Interest*4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4*- Pollution regulation*4*- Extending property rights*4*- Marketable pollution permits*4*- The climate change levy*4*- Coase theorem*4*- Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits: case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis: All Change in the UK*4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*1*UNIT 3 - THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY*2*Aggregate demand curve*4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4**4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4*- UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4**4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4**4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4**4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4**4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4**4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side*4*Types of trade protectionism.*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*International exchange.*1*UNIT 4 - ECONOMICS OF WORK AND LEISURE*2*- Perfect competition*4*- Monopoly*4*- Monopolistic competition*4*- Game theory*4*- Oligopoly*1*UNIT 8 - ECONOMICS IN A EUROPEAN CONTEXT*2*Types of trading blocs*4*Examples of trading blocs*4*Types of trade protectionism*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*European Monetary Union','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_/_o_c_r_i_n_d_e_x_._h_t_m','_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s','','_1','','0','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','_O_C_R_ _-_ _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _s_i_t_e_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_a_c_h_e_r_s_ _o_f_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_ _(_c_o_u_p_l_e_ _o_f_ _w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_s_)_ _a_n_d_ _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _w_e_b_s_i_t_e_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_ _-_ _T_H_E_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_ _S_Y_S_T_E_M_*_2_*_G_l_o_s_s_a_r_y_ _o_f_ _t_e_r_m_s_*_4_*_P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _N_o_r_m_a_t_i_v_e_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_*_4_*_F_a_c_t_o_r_s_ _o_f_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_c_a_r_c_i_t_y_*_4_*_O_p_p_o_r_t_u_n_i_t_y_ _C_o_s_t_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_s_s_i_b_i_l_i_t_y_ _F_r_o_n_t_i_e_r_ _(_P_P_F_)_*_4_*_S_p_e_c_i_a_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_h_e_ _D_i_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _o_f_ _L_a_b_o_u_r_*_4_*_S_h_o_r_t_ _R_u_n_ _a_n_d_ _L_o_n_g_ _R_u_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _S_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_a_r_a_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _A_b_s_o_l_u_t_e_ _A_d_v_a_n_t_a_g_e_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _f_o_r_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _o_f_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_L_a_b_o_u_r_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_H_o_u_s_i_n_g_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_ _(_M_o_n_e_y_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_)_*_4_*_E_n_t_r_y_ _a_n_d_ _E_x_i_t_ _o_f_ _F_i_r_m_s_*_4_*_M_i_n_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_M_a_x_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_A_g_r_i_c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _S_y_s_t_e_m_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_ _F_A_I_L_U_R_E_ _A_N_D_ _G_O_V_E_R_N_M_E_N_T_ _I_N_T_E_R_V_E_N_T_I_O_N_*_2_*_E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_r_i_v_a_t_e_ _a_n_d_ _s_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_ _a_n_d_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_g_a_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _s_p_i_l_l_o_v_e_r_s_*_4_*_M_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _g_o_o_d_s_ _t_a_s_k_*_4_*_P_u_b_l_i_c_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _h_o_w_ _t_h_e_y_ _a_f_f_e_c_t_ _e_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _P_u_b_l_i_c_ _I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _-_ _c_o_r_r_e_c_t_i_n_g_ _f_o_r_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _r_e_g_u_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _E_x_t_e_n_d_i_n_g_ _p_r_o_p_e_r_t_y_ _r_i_g_h_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_ _l_e_v_y_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_a_s_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_e_m_*_4_*_-_ _L_a_n_d_f_i_l_l_ _t_a_x_*_4_*_-_ _K_y_o_t_o_ _t_r_e_a_t_y_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_e_d_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _C_o_n_v_e_n_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_:_ _c_a_s_e_ _S_t_u_d_y_ _w_i_t_h_ _Q_u_e_s_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_-_ _A_l_a_s_k_a_n_s_ _f_a_c_e_ _t_h_a_w_*_4_*_-_ _C_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _C_r_i_s_i_s_:_ _A_l_l_ _C_h_a_n_g_e_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_M_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _g_o_o_d_s_ _t_a_s_k_*_4_*_P_u_b_l_i_c_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_ _A_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_ _(_C_B_A_)_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _E_n_t_r_y_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _3_ _-_ _T_H_E_ _N_A_T_I_O_N_A_L_ _A_N_D_ _I_N_T_E_R_N_A_T_I_O_N_A_L_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_Y_*_2_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _c_u_r_v_e_*_4_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_-_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_ _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_ _r_a_t_i_o_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _c_o_n_f_i_d_e_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _W_e_a_l_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_-_ _F_r_i_e_d_m_a_n_\\_&#039;_s_ _p_e_r_m_a_n_e_n_t_ _i_n_c_o_m_e_ _h_y_p_o_t_h_e_s_i_s_*_4_*_*_4_*_I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_s_s_ _a_n_d_ _n_e_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _W_h_y_ _d_o_ _f_i_r_m_s_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_*_4_*_-_ _U_K_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _I_n_ _A_n_ _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _C_o_n_t_e_x_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _M_a_r_g_i_n_a_l_ _E_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _T_h_e_ _K_e_y_n_e_s_i_a_n_ _T_h_e_o_r_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _a_c_c_e_l_e_r_a_t_o_r_*_4_*_-_ _R_e_c_e_n_t_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _I_n_ _T_h_e_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _O_f_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _A_n_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _S_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _b_a_s_e_*_4_*_-_ _D_i_r_e_c_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _i_n_t_o_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_w_a_r_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _R_e_g_i_o_n_a_l_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _P_r_o_b_l_e_m_*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _s_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _b_o_r_r_o_w_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_b_t_*_4_*_E_x_p_o_r_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _I_m_p_o_r_t_s_*_4_*_O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _m_a_c_r_o_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _p_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _i_t_s_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_a_r_y_ _g_a_p_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_ _l_a_b_o_u_r_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_r_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _D_e_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _f_i_g_u_r_e_s_ _(_E_x_c_e_l_ _s_p_r_e_a_d_s_h_e_e_t_)_*_4_*_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _M_e_a_s_u_r_i_n_g_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _r_e_d_u_c_e_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _C_h_a_n_g_i_n_g_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _F_u_l_l_ _e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_u_r_a_l_ _r_a_t_e_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _N_A_I_R_U_*_4_*_-_ _J_o_b_ _v_a_c_a_n_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _L_o_n_g_ _t_e_r_m_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_w_ _D_e_a_l_*_4_*_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_m_e_n_t_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_o_r_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _r_e_s_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_o_n_g_ _r_u_n_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _j_o_b_s_*_4_*_-_ _U_S_A_ _a_ _m_o_d_e_l_ _t_o_ _f_o_l_l_o_w_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e_ _o_f_ _o_u_t_p_u_t_ _i_n_ _a_n_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_*_4_*_*_4_*_B_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _U_K_\\_&#039;_s_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _m_u_s_t_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_n_ _a_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_y_ _s_a_f_e_l_y_ _i_g_n_o_r_e_ _a_ _p_e_r_s_i_s_t_e_n_t_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_ _d_e_f_i_c_i_t_*_4_*_*_4_*_C_o_n_f_l_i_c_t_s_ _B_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _M_a_c_r_o_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_*_4_*_D_e_m_a_n_d_ _m_a_n_a_g_e_m_e_n_t_ _o_r_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_ _s_i_d_e_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_._*_4_*_R_e_a_s_o_n_s_ _f_o_r_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _c_r_e_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _d_i_v_e_r_s_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _e_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_._*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_S_ _O_F_ _W_O_R_K_ _A_N_D_ _L_E_I_S_U_R_E_*_2_*_-_ _P_e_r_f_e_c_t_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_s_t_i_c_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _G_a_m_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_y_*_4_*_-_ _O_l_i_g_o_p_o_l_y_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _8_ _-_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_S_ _I_N_ _A_ _E_U_R_O_P_E_A_N_ _C_O_N_T_E_X_T_*_2_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_R_e_a_s_o_n_s_ _f_o_r_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _c_r_e_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _d_i_v_e_r_s_i_o_n_*_4_*_E_u_r_o_p_e_a_n_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _U_n_i_o_n','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5467,'82.8.167.110','1275212319','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/economics/ocrindex.htm','economics','adv higher','economics','Sunday  10:40  30/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','OCR - revision site for teachers of Economics (couple of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - THE MARKET SYSTEM*2*Glossary of terms*4*Positive and Normative Economics*4*Factors of Production*4*Scarcity*4*Opportunity Cost*4*The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)*4*Specialisation and the Division of Labour*4*Short Run and Long Run*4*Economies of Scale*4*Comparative and Absolute Advantage and links*4*The Demand for Goods and Services and links*4*The Supply of Goods and Services*4*The Equilibrium of Demand and Supply and links*4*Consumer Surplus*4*Producer Surplus*4*Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Income Elasticity of Demand*4*Cross Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Price Elasticity of Supply*4*Labour Markets*4*Housing Markets*4*Exchange rates (Money Markets)*4*Entry and Exit of Firms*4*Minimum Prices*4*Maximum Prices*4*Agricultural Markets*4*Indirect Taxes*4*Indirect Subsidies*4*Economic Systems*1*UNIT 2 - MARKET FAILURE AND GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION*2*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4*- Positive externalities*4*- Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Monopolies and how they affect efficiency*4*Monopoly And The Public Interest*4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4*- Pollution regulation*4*- Extending property rights*4*- Marketable pollution permits*4*- The climate change levy*4*- Coase theorem*4*- Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits: case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis: All Change in the UK*4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*1*UNIT 3 - THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY*2*Aggregate demand curve*4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4**4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4*- UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4**4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4**4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4**4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4**4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4**4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side*4*Types of trade protectionism.*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*International exchange.*1*UNIT 4 - ECONOMICS OF WORK AND LEISURE*2*- Perfect competition*4*- Monopoly*4*- Monopolistic competition*4*- Game theory*4*- Oligopoly*1*UNIT 8 - ECONOMICS IN A EUROPEAN CONTEXT*2*Types of trading blocs*4*Examples of trading blocs*4*Types of trade protectionism*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*European Monetary Union','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_/_o_c_r_i_n_d_e_x_._h_t_m','_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s','','_1','','0','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','_O_C_R_ _-_ _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _s_i_t_e_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_a_c_h_e_r_s_ _o_f_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_ _(_c_o_u_p_l_e_ _o_f_ _w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_s_)_ _a_n_d_ _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _w_e_b_s_i_t_e_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_ _-_ _T_H_E_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_ _S_Y_S_T_E_M_*_2_*_G_l_o_s_s_a_r_y_ _o_f_ _t_e_r_m_s_*_4_*_P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _N_o_r_m_a_t_i_v_e_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_*_4_*_F_a_c_t_o_r_s_ _o_f_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_c_a_r_c_i_t_y_*_4_*_O_p_p_o_r_t_u_n_i_t_y_ _C_o_s_t_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_s_s_i_b_i_l_i_t_y_ _F_r_o_n_t_i_e_r_ _(_P_P_F_)_*_4_*_S_p_e_c_i_a_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_h_e_ _D_i_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _o_f_ _L_a_b_o_u_r_*_4_*_S_h_o_r_t_ _R_u_n_ _a_n_d_ _L_o_n_g_ _R_u_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _S_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_a_r_a_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _A_b_s_o_l_u_t_e_ _A_d_v_a_n_t_a_g_e_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _f_o_r_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _o_f_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_L_a_b_o_u_r_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_H_o_u_s_i_n_g_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_ _(_M_o_n_e_y_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_)_*_4_*_E_n_t_r_y_ _a_n_d_ _E_x_i_t_ _o_f_ _F_i_r_m_s_*_4_*_M_i_n_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_M_a_x_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_A_g_r_i_c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _S_y_s_t_e_m_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_ _F_A_I_L_U_R_E_ _A_N_D_ _G_O_V_E_R_N_M_E_N_T_ _I_N_T_E_R_V_E_N_T_I_O_N_*_2_*_E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_r_i_v_a_t_e_ _a_n_d_ _s_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_ _a_n_d_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_g_a_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _s_p_i_l_l_o_v_e_r_s_*_4_*_M_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _g_o_o_d_s_ _t_a_s_k_*_4_*_P_u_b_l_i_c_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _h_o_w_ _t_h_e_y_ _a_f_f_e_c_t_ _e_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _P_u_b_l_i_c_ _I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _-_ _c_o_r_r_e_c_t_i_n_g_ _f_o_r_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _r_e_g_u_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _E_x_t_e_n_d_i_n_g_ _p_r_o_p_e_r_t_y_ _r_i_g_h_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_ _l_e_v_y_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_a_s_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_e_m_*_4_*_-_ _L_a_n_d_f_i_l_l_ _t_a_x_*_4_*_-_ _K_y_o_t_o_ _t_r_e_a_t_y_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_e_d_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _C_o_n_v_e_n_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_:_ _c_a_s_e_ _S_t_u_d_y_ _w_i_t_h_ _Q_u_e_s_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_-_ _A_l_a_s_k_a_n_s_ _f_a_c_e_ _t_h_a_w_*_4_*_-_ _C_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _C_r_i_s_i_s_:_ _A_l_l_ _C_h_a_n_g_e_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_M_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _g_o_o_d_s_ _t_a_s_k_*_4_*_P_u_b_l_i_c_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_ _A_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_ _(_C_B_A_)_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _E_n_t_r_y_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _3_ _-_ _T_H_E_ _N_A_T_I_O_N_A_L_ _A_N_D_ _I_N_T_E_R_N_A_T_I_O_N_A_L_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_Y_*_2_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _c_u_r_v_e_*_4_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_-_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_ _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_ _r_a_t_i_o_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _c_o_n_f_i_d_e_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _W_e_a_l_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_-_ _F_r_i_e_d_m_a_n_\\_&#039;_s_ _p_e_r_m_a_n_e_n_t_ _i_n_c_o_m_e_ _h_y_p_o_t_h_e_s_i_s_*_4_*_*_4_*_I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_s_s_ _a_n_d_ _n_e_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _W_h_y_ _d_o_ _f_i_r_m_s_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_*_4_*_-_ _U_K_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _I_n_ _A_n_ _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _C_o_n_t_e_x_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _M_a_r_g_i_n_a_l_ _E_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _T_h_e_ _K_e_y_n_e_s_i_a_n_ _T_h_e_o_r_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _a_c_c_e_l_e_r_a_t_o_r_*_4_*_-_ _R_e_c_e_n_t_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _I_n_ _T_h_e_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _O_f_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _A_n_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _S_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _b_a_s_e_*_4_*_-_ _D_i_r_e_c_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _i_n_t_o_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_w_a_r_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _R_e_g_i_o_n_a_l_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _P_r_o_b_l_e_m_*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _s_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _b_o_r_r_o_w_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_b_t_*_4_*_E_x_p_o_r_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _I_m_p_o_r_t_s_*_4_*_O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _m_a_c_r_o_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _p_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _i_t_s_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_a_r_y_ _g_a_p_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_ _l_a_b_o_u_r_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_r_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _D_e_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _f_i_g_u_r_e_s_ _(_E_x_c_e_l_ _s_p_r_e_a_d_s_h_e_e_t_)_*_4_*_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _M_e_a_s_u_r_i_n_g_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _r_e_d_u_c_e_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _C_h_a_n_g_i_n_g_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _F_u_l_l_ _e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_u_r_a_l_ _r_a_t_e_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _N_A_I_R_U_*_4_*_-_ _J_o_b_ _v_a_c_a_n_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _L_o_n_g_ _t_e_r_m_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_w_ _D_e_a_l_*_4_*_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_m_e_n_t_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_o_r_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _r_e_s_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_o_n_g_ _r_u_n_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _j_o_b_s_*_4_*_-_ _U_S_A_ _a_ _m_o_d_e_l_ _t_o_ _f_o_l_l_o_w_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e_ _o_f_ _o_u_t_p_u_t_ _i_n_ _a_n_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_*_4_*_*_4_*_B_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _U_K_\\_&#039;_s_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _m_u_s_t_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_n_ _a_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_y_ _s_a_f_e_l_y_ _i_g_n_o_r_e_ _a_ _p_e_r_s_i_s_t_e_n_t_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_ _d_e_f_i_c_i_t_*_4_*_*_4_*_C_o_n_f_l_i_c_t_s_ _B_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _M_a_c_r_o_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_*_4_*_D_e_m_a_n_d_ _m_a_n_a_g_e_m_e_n_t_ _o_r_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_ _s_i_d_e_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_._*_4_*_R_e_a_s_o_n_s_ _f_o_r_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _c_r_e_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _d_i_v_e_r_s_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _e_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_._*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_S_ _O_F_ _W_O_R_K_ _A_N_D_ _L_E_I_S_U_R_E_*_2_*_-_ _P_e_r_f_e_c_t_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_s_t_i_c_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _G_a_m_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_y_*_4_*_-_ _O_l_i_g_o_p_o_l_y_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _8_ _-_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_S_ _I_N_ _A_ _E_U_R_O_P_E_A_N_ _C_O_N_T_E_X_T_*_2_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_R_e_a_s_o_n_s_ _f_o_r_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _c_r_e_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _d_i_v_e_r_s_i_o_n_*_4_*_E_u_r_o_p_e_a_n_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _U_n_i_o_n','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5468,'82.8.167.110','1275212319','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/economics/ocrindex.htm','economics','gcse','economics','Sunday  10:40  30/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','OCR - revision site for teachers of Economics (couple of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - THE MARKET SYSTEM*2*Glossary of terms*4*Positive and Normative Economics*4*Factors of Production*4*Scarcity*4*Opportunity Cost*4*The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)*4*Specialisation and the Division of Labour*4*Short Run and Long Run*4*Economies of Scale*4*Comparative and Absolute Advantage and links*4*The Demand for Goods and Services and links*4*The Supply of Goods and Services*4*The Equilibrium of Demand and Supply and links*4*Consumer Surplus*4*Producer Surplus*4*Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Income Elasticity of Demand*4*Cross Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Price Elasticity of Supply*4*Labour Markets*4*Housing Markets*4*Exchange rates (Money Markets)*4*Entry and Exit of Firms*4*Minimum Prices*4*Maximum Prices*4*Agricultural Markets*4*Indirect Taxes*4*Indirect Subsidies*4*Economic Systems*1*UNIT 2 - MARKET FAILURE AND GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION*2*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4*- Positive externalities*4*- Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Monopolies and how they affect efficiency*4*Monopoly And The Public Interest*4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4*- Pollution regulation*4*- Extending property rights*4*- Marketable pollution permits*4*- The climate change levy*4*- Coase theorem*4*- Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits: case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis: All Change in the UK*4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*1*UNIT 3 - THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY*2*Aggregate demand curve*4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4**4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4*- UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4**4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4**4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4**4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4**4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4**4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side*4*Types of trade protectionism.*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*International exchange.*1*UNIT 4 - ECONOMICS OF WORK AND LEISURE*2*- Perfect competition*4*- Monopoly*4*- Monopolistic competition*4*- Game theory*4*- Oligopoly*1*UNIT 8 - ECONOMICS IN A EUROPEAN CONTEXT*2*Types of trading blocs*4*Examples of trading blocs*4*Types of trade protectionism*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*European Monetary Union','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_/_o_c_r_i_n_d_e_x_._h_t_m','_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s','','_1','','0','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','_O_C_R_ _-_ _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _s_i_t_e_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_a_c_h_e_r_s_ _o_f_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_ _(_c_o_u_p_l_e_ _o_f_ _w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_s_)_ _a_n_d_ _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _w_e_b_s_i_t_e_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_ _-_ _T_H_E_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_ _S_Y_S_T_E_M_*_2_*_G_l_o_s_s_a_r_y_ _o_f_ _t_e_r_m_s_*_4_*_P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _N_o_r_m_a_t_i_v_e_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_*_4_*_F_a_c_t_o_r_s_ _o_f_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_c_a_r_c_i_t_y_*_4_*_O_p_p_o_r_t_u_n_i_t_y_ _C_o_s_t_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_s_s_i_b_i_l_i_t_y_ _F_r_o_n_t_i_e_r_ _(_P_P_F_)_*_4_*_S_p_e_c_i_a_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_h_e_ _D_i_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _o_f_ _L_a_b_o_u_r_*_4_*_S_h_o_r_t_ _R_u_n_ _a_n_d_ _L_o_n_g_ _R_u_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _S_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_a_r_a_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _A_b_s_o_l_u_t_e_ _A_d_v_a_n_t_a_g_e_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _f_o_r_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _o_f_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_L_a_b_o_u_r_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_H_o_u_s_i_n_g_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_ _(_M_o_n_e_y_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_)_*_4_*_E_n_t_r_y_ _a_n_d_ _E_x_i_t_ _o_f_ _F_i_r_m_s_*_4_*_M_i_n_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_M_a_x_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_A_g_r_i_c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _S_y_s_t_e_m_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_ _F_A_I_L_U_R_E_ _A_N_D_ _G_O_V_E_R_N_M_E_N_T_ _I_N_T_E_R_V_E_N_T_I_O_N_*_2_*_E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_r_i_v_a_t_e_ _a_n_d_ _s_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_ _a_n_d_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_g_a_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _s_p_i_l_l_o_v_e_r_s_*_4_*_M_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _g_o_o_d_s_ _t_a_s_k_*_4_*_P_u_b_l_i_c_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _h_o_w_ _t_h_e_y_ _a_f_f_e_c_t_ _e_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _P_u_b_l_i_c_ _I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _-_ _c_o_r_r_e_c_t_i_n_g_ _f_o_r_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _r_e_g_u_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _E_x_t_e_n_d_i_n_g_ _p_r_o_p_e_r_t_y_ _r_i_g_h_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_ _l_e_v_y_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_a_s_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_e_m_*_4_*_-_ _L_a_n_d_f_i_l_l_ _t_a_x_*_4_*_-_ _K_y_o_t_o_ _t_r_e_a_t_y_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_e_d_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _C_o_n_v_e_n_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_:_ _c_a_s_e_ _S_t_u_d_y_ _w_i_t_h_ _Q_u_e_s_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_-_ _A_l_a_s_k_a_n_s_ _f_a_c_e_ _t_h_a_w_*_4_*_-_ _C_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _C_r_i_s_i_s_:_ _A_l_l_ _C_h_a_n_g_e_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_M_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _g_o_o_d_s_ _t_a_s_k_*_4_*_P_u_b_l_i_c_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_ _A_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_ _(_C_B_A_)_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _E_n_t_r_y_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _3_ _-_ _T_H_E_ _N_A_T_I_O_N_A_L_ _A_N_D_ _I_N_T_E_R_N_A_T_I_O_N_A_L_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_Y_*_2_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _c_u_r_v_e_*_4_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_-_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_ _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_ _r_a_t_i_o_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _c_o_n_f_i_d_e_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _W_e_a_l_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_-_ _F_r_i_e_d_m_a_n_\\_&#039;_s_ _p_e_r_m_a_n_e_n_t_ _i_n_c_o_m_e_ _h_y_p_o_t_h_e_s_i_s_*_4_*_*_4_*_I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_s_s_ _a_n_d_ _n_e_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _W_h_y_ _d_o_ _f_i_r_m_s_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_*_4_*_-_ _U_K_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _I_n_ _A_n_ _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _C_o_n_t_e_x_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _M_a_r_g_i_n_a_l_ _E_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _T_h_e_ _K_e_y_n_e_s_i_a_n_ _T_h_e_o_r_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _a_c_c_e_l_e_r_a_t_o_r_*_4_*_-_ _R_e_c_e_n_t_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _I_n_ _T_h_e_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _O_f_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _A_n_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _S_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _b_a_s_e_*_4_*_-_ _D_i_r_e_c_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _i_n_t_o_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_w_a_r_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _R_e_g_i_o_n_a_l_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _P_r_o_b_l_e_m_*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _s_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _b_o_r_r_o_w_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_b_t_*_4_*_E_x_p_o_r_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _I_m_p_o_r_t_s_*_4_*_O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _m_a_c_r_o_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _p_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _i_t_s_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_a_r_y_ _g_a_p_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_ _l_a_b_o_u_r_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_r_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _D_e_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _f_i_g_u_r_e_s_ _(_E_x_c_e_l_ _s_p_r_e_a_d_s_h_e_e_t_)_*_4_*_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _M_e_a_s_u_r_i_n_g_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _r_e_d_u_c_e_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _C_h_a_n_g_i_n_g_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _F_u_l_l_ _e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_u_r_a_l_ _r_a_t_e_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _N_A_I_R_U_*_4_*_-_ _J_o_b_ _v_a_c_a_n_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _L_o_n_g_ _t_e_r_m_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_w_ _D_e_a_l_*_4_*_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_m_e_n_t_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_o_r_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _r_e_s_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_o_n_g_ _r_u_n_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _j_o_b_s_*_4_*_-_ _U_S_A_ _a_ _m_o_d_e_l_ _t_o_ _f_o_l_l_o_w_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e_ _o_f_ _o_u_t_p_u_t_ _i_n_ _a_n_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_*_4_*_*_4_*_B_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _U_K_\\_&#039;_s_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _m_u_s_t_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_n_ _a_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_y_ _s_a_f_e_l_y_ _i_g_n_o_r_e_ _a_ _p_e_r_s_i_s_t_e_n_t_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_ _d_e_f_i_c_i_t_*_4_*_*_4_*_C_o_n_f_l_i_c_t_s_ _B_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _M_a_c_r_o_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_*_4_*_D_e_m_a_n_d_ _m_a_n_a_g_e_m_e_n_t_ _o_r_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_ _s_i_d_e_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_._*_4_*_R_e_a_s_o_n_s_ _f_o_r_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _c_r_e_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _d_i_v_e_r_s_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _e_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_._*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_S_ _O_F_ _W_O_R_K_ _A_N_D_ _L_E_I_S_U_R_E_*_2_*_-_ _P_e_r_f_e_c_t_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_s_t_i_c_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _G_a_m_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_y_*_4_*_-_ _O_l_i_g_o_p_o_l_y_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _8_ _-_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_S_ _I_N_ _A_ _E_U_R_O_P_E_A_N_ _C_O_N_T_E_X_T_*_2_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_R_e_a_s_o_n_s_ _f_o_r_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _c_r_e_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _d_i_v_e_r_s_i_o_n_*_4_*_E_u_r_o_p_e_a_n_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _U_n_i_o_n','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5469,'82.8.167.110','1275212319','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/economics/ocrindex.htm','economics','a level','economics','Sunday  10:40  30/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','OCR - revision site for teachers of Economics (couple of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - THE MARKET SYSTEM*2*Glossary of terms*4*Positive and Normative Economics*4*Factors of Production*4*Scarcity*4*Opportunity Cost*4*The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)*4*Specialisation and the Division of Labour*4*Short Run and Long Run*4*Economies of Scale*4*Comparative and Absolute Advantage and links*4*The Demand for Goods and Services and links*4*The Supply of Goods and Services*4*The Equilibrium of Demand and Supply and links*4*Consumer Surplus*4*Producer Surplus*4*Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Income Elasticity of Demand*4*Cross Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Price Elasticity of Supply*4*Labour Markets*4*Housing Markets*4*Exchange rates (Money Markets)*4*Entry and Exit of Firms*4*Minimum Prices*4*Maximum Prices*4*Agricultural Markets*4*Indirect Taxes*4*Indirect Subsidies*4*Economic Systems*1*UNIT 2 - MARKET FAILURE AND GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION*2*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4*- Positive externalities*4*- Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Monopolies and how they affect efficiency*4*Monopoly And The Public Interest*4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4*- Pollution regulation*4*- Extending property rights*4*- Marketable pollution permits*4*- The climate change levy*4*- Coase theorem*4*- Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits: case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis: All Change in the UK*4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*1*UNIT 3 - THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY*2*Aggregate demand curve*4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4**4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4*- UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4**4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4**4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4**4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4**4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4**4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side*4*Types of trade protectionism.*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*International exchange.*1*UNIT 4 - ECONOMICS OF WORK AND LEISURE*2*- Perfect competition*4*- Monopoly*4*- Monopolistic competition*4*- Game theory*4*- Oligopoly*1*UNIT 8 - ECONOMICS IN A EUROPEAN CONTEXT*2*Types of trading blocs*4*Examples of trading blocs*4*Types of trade protectionism*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*European Monetary Union','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_/_o_c_r_i_n_d_e_x_._h_t_m','_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s','','_1','','0','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','_O_C_R_ _-_ _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _s_i_t_e_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_a_c_h_e_r_s_ _o_f_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_ _(_c_o_u_p_l_e_ _o_f_ _w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_s_)_ _a_n_d_ _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _w_e_b_s_i_t_e_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_ _-_ _T_H_E_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_ _S_Y_S_T_E_M_*_2_*_G_l_o_s_s_a_r_y_ _o_f_ _t_e_r_m_s_*_4_*_P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _N_o_r_m_a_t_i_v_e_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_*_4_*_F_a_c_t_o_r_s_ _o_f_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_c_a_r_c_i_t_y_*_4_*_O_p_p_o_r_t_u_n_i_t_y_ _C_o_s_t_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_s_s_i_b_i_l_i_t_y_ _F_r_o_n_t_i_e_r_ _(_P_P_F_)_*_4_*_S_p_e_c_i_a_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_h_e_ _D_i_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _o_f_ _L_a_b_o_u_r_*_4_*_S_h_o_r_t_ _R_u_n_ _a_n_d_ _L_o_n_g_ _R_u_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _S_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_a_r_a_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _A_b_s_o_l_u_t_e_ _A_d_v_a_n_t_a_g_e_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _f_o_r_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _o_f_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_L_a_b_o_u_r_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_H_o_u_s_i_n_g_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_ _(_M_o_n_e_y_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_)_*_4_*_E_n_t_r_y_ _a_n_d_ _E_x_i_t_ _o_f_ _F_i_r_m_s_*_4_*_M_i_n_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_M_a_x_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_A_g_r_i_c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _S_y_s_t_e_m_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_ _F_A_I_L_U_R_E_ _A_N_D_ _G_O_V_E_R_N_M_E_N_T_ _I_N_T_E_R_V_E_N_T_I_O_N_*_2_*_E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_r_i_v_a_t_e_ _a_n_d_ _s_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_ _a_n_d_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_g_a_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _s_p_i_l_l_o_v_e_r_s_*_4_*_M_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _g_o_o_d_s_ _t_a_s_k_*_4_*_P_u_b_l_i_c_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _h_o_w_ _t_h_e_y_ _a_f_f_e_c_t_ _e_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _P_u_b_l_i_c_ _I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _-_ _c_o_r_r_e_c_t_i_n_g_ _f_o_r_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _r_e_g_u_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _E_x_t_e_n_d_i_n_g_ _p_r_o_p_e_r_t_y_ _r_i_g_h_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_ _l_e_v_y_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_a_s_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_e_m_*_4_*_-_ _L_a_n_d_f_i_l_l_ _t_a_x_*_4_*_-_ _K_y_o_t_o_ _t_r_e_a_t_y_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_e_d_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _C_o_n_v_e_n_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_:_ _c_a_s_e_ _S_t_u_d_y_ _w_i_t_h_ _Q_u_e_s_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_-_ _A_l_a_s_k_a_n_s_ _f_a_c_e_ _t_h_a_w_*_4_*_-_ _C_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _C_r_i_s_i_s_:_ _A_l_l_ _C_h_a_n_g_e_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_M_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _g_o_o_d_s_ _t_a_s_k_*_4_*_P_u_b_l_i_c_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_ _A_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_ _(_C_B_A_)_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _E_n_t_r_y_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _3_ _-_ _T_H_E_ _N_A_T_I_O_N_A_L_ _A_N_D_ _I_N_T_E_R_N_A_T_I_O_N_A_L_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_Y_*_2_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _c_u_r_v_e_*_4_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_-_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_ _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_ _r_a_t_i_o_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _c_o_n_f_i_d_e_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _W_e_a_l_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_-_ _F_r_i_e_d_m_a_n_\\_&#039;_s_ _p_e_r_m_a_n_e_n_t_ _i_n_c_o_m_e_ _h_y_p_o_t_h_e_s_i_s_*_4_*_*_4_*_I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_s_s_ _a_n_d_ _n_e_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _W_h_y_ _d_o_ _f_i_r_m_s_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_*_4_*_-_ _U_K_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _I_n_ _A_n_ _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _C_o_n_t_e_x_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _M_a_r_g_i_n_a_l_ _E_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _T_h_e_ _K_e_y_n_e_s_i_a_n_ _T_h_e_o_r_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _a_c_c_e_l_e_r_a_t_o_r_*_4_*_-_ _R_e_c_e_n_t_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _I_n_ _T_h_e_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _O_f_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _A_n_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _S_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _b_a_s_e_*_4_*_-_ _D_i_r_e_c_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _i_n_t_o_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_w_a_r_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _R_e_g_i_o_n_a_l_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _P_r_o_b_l_e_m_*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _s_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _b_o_r_r_o_w_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_b_t_*_4_*_E_x_p_o_r_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _I_m_p_o_r_t_s_*_4_*_O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _m_a_c_r_o_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _p_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _i_t_s_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_a_r_y_ _g_a_p_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_ _l_a_b_o_u_r_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_r_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _D_e_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _f_i_g_u_r_e_s_ _(_E_x_c_e_l_ _s_p_r_e_a_d_s_h_e_e_t_)_*_4_*_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _M_e_a_s_u_r_i_n_g_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _r_e_d_u_c_e_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _C_h_a_n_g_i_n_g_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _F_u_l_l_ _e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_u_r_a_l_ _r_a_t_e_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _N_A_I_R_U_*_4_*_-_ _J_o_b_ _v_a_c_a_n_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _L_o_n_g_ _t_e_r_m_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_w_ _D_e_a_l_*_4_*_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_m_e_n_t_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_o_r_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _r_e_s_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_o_n_g_ _r_u_n_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _j_o_b_s_*_4_*_-_ _U_S_A_ _a_ _m_o_d_e_l_ _t_o_ _f_o_l_l_o_w_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e_ _o_f_ _o_u_t_p_u_t_ _i_n_ _a_n_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_*_4_*_*_4_*_B_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _U_K_\\_&#039;_s_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _m_u_s_t_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_n_ _a_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_y_ _s_a_f_e_l_y_ _i_g_n_o_r_e_ _a_ _p_e_r_s_i_s_t_e_n_t_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_ _d_e_f_i_c_i_t_*_4_*_*_4_*_C_o_n_f_l_i_c_t_s_ _B_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _M_a_c_r_o_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_*_4_*_D_e_m_a_n_d_ _m_a_n_a_g_e_m_e_n_t_ _o_r_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_ _s_i_d_e_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_._*_4_*_R_e_a_s_o_n_s_ _f_o_r_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _c_r_e_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _d_i_v_e_r_s_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _e_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_._*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_S_ _O_F_ _W_O_R_K_ _A_N_D_ _L_E_I_S_U_R_E_*_2_*_-_ _P_e_r_f_e_c_t_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_s_t_i_c_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _G_a_m_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_y_*_4_*_-_ _O_l_i_g_o_p_o_l_y_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _8_ _-_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_S_ _I_N_ _A_ _E_U_R_O_P_E_A_N_ _C_O_N_T_E_X_T_*_2_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_R_e_a_s_o_n_s_ _f_o_r_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _c_r_e_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _d_i_v_e_r_s_i_o_n_*_4_*_E_u_r_o_p_e_a_n_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _U_n_i_o_n','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5470,'82.8.167.110','1275212319','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/economics/ocrindex.htm','economics','[v/vi]','economics','Sunday  10:40  30/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','OCR - revision site for teachers of Economics (couple of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - THE MARKET SYSTEM*2*Glossary of terms*4*Positive and Normative Economics*4*Factors of Production*4*Scarcity*4*Opportunity Cost*4*The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)*4*Specialisation and the Division of Labour*4*Short Run and Long Run*4*Economies of Scale*4*Comparative and Absolute Advantage and links*4*The Demand for Goods and Services and links*4*The Supply of Goods and Services*4*The Equilibrium of Demand and Supply and links*4*Consumer Surplus*4*Producer Surplus*4*Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Income Elasticity of Demand*4*Cross Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Price Elasticity of Supply*4*Labour Markets*4*Housing Markets*4*Exchange rates (Money Markets)*4*Entry and Exit of Firms*4*Minimum Prices*4*Maximum Prices*4*Agricultural Markets*4*Indirect Taxes*4*Indirect Subsidies*4*Economic Systems*1*UNIT 2 - MARKET FAILURE AND GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION*2*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4*- Positive externalities*4*- Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Monopolies and how they affect efficiency*4*Monopoly And The Public Interest*4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4*- Pollution regulation*4*- Extending property rights*4*- Marketable pollution permits*4*- The climate change levy*4*- Coase theorem*4*- Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits: case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis: All Change in the UK*4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*1*UNIT 3 - THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY*2*Aggregate demand curve*4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4**4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4*- UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4**4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4**4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4**4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4**4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4**4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side*4*Types of trade protectionism.*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*International exchange.*1*UNIT 4 - ECONOMICS OF WORK AND LEISURE*2*- Perfect competition*4*- Monopoly*4*- Monopolistic competition*4*- Game theory*4*- Oligopoly*1*UNIT 8 - ECONOMICS IN A EUROPEAN CONTEXT*2*Types of trading blocs*4*Examples of trading blocs*4*Types of trade protectionism*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*European Monetary Union','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_/_o_c_r_i_n_d_e_x_._h_t_m','_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s','','_1','','0','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','_O_C_R_ _-_ _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _s_i_t_e_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_a_c_h_e_r_s_ _o_f_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_ _(_c_o_u_p_l_e_ _o_f_ _w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_s_)_ _a_n_d_ _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _w_e_b_s_i_t_e_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_ _-_ _T_H_E_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_ _S_Y_S_T_E_M_*_2_*_G_l_o_s_s_a_r_y_ _o_f_ _t_e_r_m_s_*_4_*_P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _N_o_r_m_a_t_i_v_e_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_*_4_*_F_a_c_t_o_r_s_ _o_f_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_c_a_r_c_i_t_y_*_4_*_O_p_p_o_r_t_u_n_i_t_y_ _C_o_s_t_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_s_s_i_b_i_l_i_t_y_ _F_r_o_n_t_i_e_r_ _(_P_P_F_)_*_4_*_S_p_e_c_i_a_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_h_e_ _D_i_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _o_f_ _L_a_b_o_u_r_*_4_*_S_h_o_r_t_ _R_u_n_ _a_n_d_ _L_o_n_g_ _R_u_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _S_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_a_r_a_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _A_b_s_o_l_u_t_e_ _A_d_v_a_n_t_a_g_e_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _f_o_r_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _o_f_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_L_a_b_o_u_r_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_H_o_u_s_i_n_g_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_ _(_M_o_n_e_y_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_)_*_4_*_E_n_t_r_y_ _a_n_d_ _E_x_i_t_ _o_f_ _F_i_r_m_s_*_4_*_M_i_n_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_M_a_x_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_A_g_r_i_c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _S_y_s_t_e_m_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_ _F_A_I_L_U_R_E_ _A_N_D_ _G_O_V_E_R_N_M_E_N_T_ _I_N_T_E_R_V_E_N_T_I_O_N_*_2_*_E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_r_i_v_a_t_e_ _a_n_d_ _s_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_ _a_n_d_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_g_a_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _s_p_i_l_l_o_v_e_r_s_*_4_*_M_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _g_o_o_d_s_ _t_a_s_k_*_4_*_P_u_b_l_i_c_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _h_o_w_ _t_h_e_y_ _a_f_f_e_c_t_ _e_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _P_u_b_l_i_c_ _I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _-_ _c_o_r_r_e_c_t_i_n_g_ _f_o_r_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _r_e_g_u_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _E_x_t_e_n_d_i_n_g_ _p_r_o_p_e_r_t_y_ _r_i_g_h_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_ _l_e_v_y_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_a_s_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_e_m_*_4_*_-_ _L_a_n_d_f_i_l_l_ _t_a_x_*_4_*_-_ _K_y_o_t_o_ _t_r_e_a_t_y_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_e_d_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _C_o_n_v_e_n_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_:_ _c_a_s_e_ _S_t_u_d_y_ _w_i_t_h_ _Q_u_e_s_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_-_ _A_l_a_s_k_a_n_s_ _f_a_c_e_ _t_h_a_w_*_4_*_-_ _C_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _C_r_i_s_i_s_:_ _A_l_l_ _C_h_a_n_g_e_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_M_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _g_o_o_d_s_ _t_a_s_k_*_4_*_P_u_b_l_i_c_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_ _A_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_ _(_C_B_A_)_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _E_n_t_r_y_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _3_ _-_ _T_H_E_ _N_A_T_I_O_N_A_L_ _A_N_D_ _I_N_T_E_R_N_A_T_I_O_N_A_L_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_Y_*_2_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _c_u_r_v_e_*_4_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_-_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_ _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_ _r_a_t_i_o_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _c_o_n_f_i_d_e_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _W_e_a_l_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_-_ _F_r_i_e_d_m_a_n_\\_&#039;_s_ _p_e_r_m_a_n_e_n_t_ _i_n_c_o_m_e_ _h_y_p_o_t_h_e_s_i_s_*_4_*_*_4_*_I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_s_s_ _a_n_d_ _n_e_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _W_h_y_ _d_o_ _f_i_r_m_s_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_*_4_*_-_ _U_K_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _I_n_ _A_n_ _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _C_o_n_t_e_x_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _M_a_r_g_i_n_a_l_ _E_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _T_h_e_ _K_e_y_n_e_s_i_a_n_ _T_h_e_o_r_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _a_c_c_e_l_e_r_a_t_o_r_*_4_*_-_ _R_e_c_e_n_t_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _I_n_ _T_h_e_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _O_f_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _A_n_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _S_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _b_a_s_e_*_4_*_-_ _D_i_r_e_c_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _i_n_t_o_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_w_a_r_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _R_e_g_i_o_n_a_l_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _P_r_o_b_l_e_m_*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _s_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _b_o_r_r_o_w_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_b_t_*_4_*_E_x_p_o_r_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _I_m_p_o_r_t_s_*_4_*_O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _m_a_c_r_o_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _p_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _i_t_s_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_a_r_y_ _g_a_p_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_ _l_a_b_o_u_r_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_r_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _D_e_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _f_i_g_u_r_e_s_ _(_E_x_c_e_l_ _s_p_r_e_a_d_s_h_e_e_t_)_*_4_*_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _M_e_a_s_u_r_i_n_g_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _r_e_d_u_c_e_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _C_h_a_n_g_i_n_g_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _F_u_l_l_ _e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_u_r_a_l_ _r_a_t_e_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _N_A_I_R_U_*_4_*_-_ _J_o_b_ _v_a_c_a_n_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _L_o_n_g_ _t_e_r_m_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_w_ _D_e_a_l_*_4_*_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_m_e_n_t_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_o_r_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _r_e_s_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_o_n_g_ _r_u_n_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _j_o_b_s_*_4_*_-_ _U_S_A_ _a_ _m_o_d_e_l_ _t_o_ _f_o_l_l_o_w_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e_ _o_f_ _o_u_t_p_u_t_ _i_n_ _a_n_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_*_4_*_*_4_*_B_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _U_K_\\_&#039;_s_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _m_u_s_t_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_n_ _a_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_y_ _s_a_f_e_l_y_ _i_g_n_o_r_e_ _a_ _p_e_r_s_i_s_t_e_n_t_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_ _d_e_f_i_c_i_t_*_4_*_*_4_*_C_o_n_f_l_i_c_t_s_ _B_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _M_a_c_r_o_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_*_4_*_D_e_m_a_n_d_ _m_a_n_a_g_e_m_e_n_t_ _o_r_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_ _s_i_d_e_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_._*_4_*_R_e_a_s_o_n_s_ _f_o_r_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _c_r_e_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _d_i_v_e_r_s_i_o_n_*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _e_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_._*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_S_ _O_F_ _W_O_R_K_ _A_N_D_ _L_E_I_S_U_R_E_*_2_*_-_ _P_e_r_f_e_c_t_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_s_t_i_c_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _G_a_m_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_y_*_4_*_-_ _O_l_i_g_o_p_o_l_y_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _8_ _-_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_S_ _I_N_ _A_ _E_U_R_O_P_E_A_N_ _C_O_N_T_E_X_T_*_2_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_R_e_a_s_o_n_s_ _f_o_r_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _c_r_e_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _d_i_v_e_r_s_i_o_n_*_4_*_E_u_r_o_p_e_a_n_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _U_n_i_o_n','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5471,'82.8.167.110','1275213785','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/economics/edexindex.htm','economics','[9th/10th]','economics','Sunday  11:03  30/05/10','1','0','1','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','4','1','anon','Edexcel - revision site for teachers of Economics (limited number of worksheets), multiple choice tests and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - MARKETS: HOW THEY WORK*2*Glossary of terms*4*Positive and Normative Economics*4*Factors of Production*4*Scarcity*4*Opportunity Cost*4*The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)*4*Specialisation and the Division of Labour*4*Short Run and Long Run*4*Economies of Scale*4*Comparative and Absolute Advantage and links*4*The Demand for Goods and Services and links*4*The Supply of Goods and Services*4*The Equilibrium of Demand and Supply and links*4*Consumer Surplus*4*Producer Surplus*4* Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Income Elasticity of Demand*4*Cross Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Price Elasticity of Supply*4*Labour Markets*4* Housing Markets*4*Exchange rates (Money Markets)*4*Entry and Exit of Firms*4*Minimum Prices*4* Maximum Prices*4* Agricultural Markets*4* Indirect Taxes*4*Indirect Subsidies*4*Economic Systems*1*UNIT 2 - MARKETS: WHY THEY FAIL*2**4* *4*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4* - Positive externalities*4* - Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4* *4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4* - Pollution regulation*4* - Extending property rights*4* - Marketable pollution permits*4* - The climate change levy*4* - Coase theorem*4* - Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits: case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis: All Change in the UK*4* *4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4* Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4* Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*4*Monopolies*1*UNIT 3 - MANAGING THE ECONOMY*2*Worksheet: Objectives of Government Macroeconomic Policy*4*Aggregate demand curve*4* *4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4* *4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4* *4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4* - UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Research and development spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4* *4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4* *4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4* *4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic and social costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4* *4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4* *4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4* *4*Remedies for a balance of payments disequilibrium.*4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side*4**1*UNIT 4 - INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS*2*The birth and growth of firms. The motives and methods of growth*4*Costs*4*Revenue.*4*Profit.*4*Alternative motives for firms and links*4*Short run and long run.*4*Diminishing Marginal Returns and Economies of scale.*4*Perfect competition*4*Monopoly*4*Monopolistic competition*4*Game theory*4*Oligopoly*4*Cartels*4*Comparing efficiency between the market structures.*4*Monopoly And The Public Interest*4*Measures of market concentration*4*Price discrimination in monopoly*4*Pricing and non-pricing strategies*4*Contestable markets*4*Competition policy*4*Regulation of privatised industries*4**1*UNIT 5 - ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT*2*Absolute and relative poverty*4*The causes of economic growth in developing countries.*4*The significance of economic growth for development*4*Differences between developing countries.*4*The costs of economic growth. *4*Constraints on economic growth. *4*Development strategies. The development of particular sectors of the economy.*4*Sources of external finance.*1*UNIT 6 - THE UK IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY*2*Globalisation.*4*International exchange.*4*Types of trading blocs*4*Examples of trading blocs*4*Types of trade protectionism.*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*Sources of possible conflict between trading blocs*4*The Common Agricultural Policy*4*The World Trade Organisation (WTO).*4*International competitiveness.*4*The UKs changing international competitive situation.*4*Balance of payments *4*Remedies for a balance of payments disequilibrium.*4*Exchange rate systems.*4*What Determines The Value Of An Exchange Rate*4*European Monetary Union.*4*Inward foreign direct investment by MNCs.*4*Public expenditure*4*Unemployment*4*Inflation*4*Real output and the NAIRU (Phillips Curve).*1*MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (ESSENTIAL FOR UNITS 1 AND 4)*2*Unit 1 -  Markets - how they work (essential learning)*4*Unit 2 -  Markets - why they fail*4*Unit 3 -  Managing the economy*4*Links to other on-line quizzes and tests','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_/_e_d_e_x_i_n_d_e_x_._h_t_m','_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_ _h_ _p_l_u_s','','_1','','_1','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','_E_d_e_x_c_e_l_ _-_ _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _s_i_t_e_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_a_c_h_e_r_s_ _o_f_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_ _(_l_i_m_i_t_e_d_ _n_u_m_b_e_r_ _o_f_ _w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_s_)_,_ _m_u_l_t_i_p_l_e_ _c_h_o_i_c_e_ _t_e_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _w_e_b_s_i_t_e_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_ _-_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_S_:_ _H_O_W_ _T_H_E_Y_ _W_O_R_K_*_2_*_G_l_o_s_s_a_r_y_ _o_f_ _t_e_r_m_s_*_4_*_P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _N_o_r_m_a_t_i_v_e_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_*_4_*_F_a_c_t_o_r_s_ _o_f_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_c_a_r_c_i_t_y_*_4_*_O_p_p_o_r_t_u_n_i_t_y_ _C_o_s_t_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_s_s_i_b_i_l_i_t_y_ _F_r_o_n_t_i_e_r_ _(_P_P_F_)_*_4_*_S_p_e_c_i_a_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_h_e_ _D_i_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _o_f_ _L_a_b_o_u_r_*_4_*_S_h_o_r_t_ _R_u_n_ _a_n_d_ _L_o_n_g_ _R_u_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _S_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_a_r_a_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _A_b_s_o_l_u_t_e_ _A_d_v_a_n_t_a_g_e_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _f_o_r_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _o_f_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_ _P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_L_a_b_o_u_r_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_ _H_o_u_s_i_n_g_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_ _(_M_o_n_e_y_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_)_*_4_*_E_n_t_r_y_ _a_n_d_ _E_x_i_t_ _o_f_ _F_i_r_m_s_*_4_*_M_i_n_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_ _M_a_x_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_ _A_g_r_i_c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_ _I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _S_y_s_t_e_m_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_S_:_ _W_H_Y_ _T_H_E_Y_ _F_A_I_L_*_2_*_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_r_i_v_a_t_e_ _a_n_d_ _s_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_ _a_n_d_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_g_a_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _s_p_i_l_l_o_v_e_r_s_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _-_ _c_o_r_r_e_c_t_i_n_g_ _f_o_r_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _r_e_g_u_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _E_x_t_e_n_d_i_n_g_ _p_r_o_p_e_r_t_y_ _r_i_g_h_t_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _T_h_e_ _c_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_ _l_e_v_y_*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_a_s_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_e_m_*_4_*_ _-_ _L_a_n_d_f_i_l_l_ _t_a_x_*_4_*_-_ _K_y_o_t_o_ _t_r_e_a_t_y_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_e_d_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _C_o_n_v_e_n_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_:_ _c_a_s_e_ _S_t_u_d_y_ _w_i_t_h_ _Q_u_e_s_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_-_ _A_l_a_s_k_a_n_s_ _f_a_c_e_ _t_h_a_w_*_4_*_-_ _C_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _C_r_i_s_i_s_:_ _A_l_l_ _C_h_a_n_g_e_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_M_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _g_o_o_d_s_ _t_a_s_k_*_4_*_ _P_u_b_l_i_c_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_ _C_o_s_t_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_ _A_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_ _(_C_B_A_)_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _E_n_t_r_y_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_e_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _3_ _-_ _M_A_N_A_G_I_N_G_ _T_H_E_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_Y_*_2_*_W_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_:_ _O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_ _o_f_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _M_a_c_r_o_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _P_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _c_u_r_v_e_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_-_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_ _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_ _r_a_t_i_o_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _c_o_n_f_i_d_e_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _W_e_a_l_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_-_ _F_r_i_e_d_m_a_n_s_ _p_e_r_m_a_n_e_n_t_ _i_n_c_o_m_e_ _h_y_p_o_t_h_e_s_i_s_*_4_*_*_4_*_I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_s_s_ _a_n_d_ _n_e_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _W_h_y_ _d_o_ _f_i_r_m_s_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_*_4_*_ _-_ _U_K_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _I_n_ _A_n_ _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _C_o_n_t_e_x_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _M_a_r_g_i_n_a_l_ _E_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _T_h_e_ _K_e_y_n_e_s_i_a_n_ _T_h_e_o_r_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _a_c_c_e_l_e_r_a_t_o_r_*_4_*_-_ _R_e_c_e_n_t_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _I_n_ _T_h_e_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _O_f_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _A_n_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _S_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _R_e_s_e_a_r_c_h_ _a_n_d_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_ _s_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _b_a_s_e_*_4_*_-_ _D_i_r_e_c_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _i_n_t_o_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_w_a_r_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _R_e_g_i_o_n_a_l_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _P_r_o_b_l_e_m_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _s_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _b_o_r_r_o_w_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_b_t_*_4_*_E_x_p_o_r_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _I_m_p_o_r_t_s_*_4_*_O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _m_a_c_r_o_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _p_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _i_t_s_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_a_r_y_ _g_a_p_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_ _l_a_b_o_u_r_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_r_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _D_e_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _f_i_g_u_r_e_s_ _(_E_x_c_e_l_ _s_p_r_e_a_d_s_h_e_e_t_)_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _M_e_a_s_u_r_i_n_g_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _a_n_d_ _s_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _r_e_d_u_c_e_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _C_h_a_n_g_i_n_g_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _F_u_l_l_ _e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_u_r_a_l_ _r_a_t_e_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _N_A_I_R_U_*_4_*_-_ _J_o_b_ _v_a_c_a_n_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _L_o_n_g_ _t_e_r_m_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_w_ _D_e_a_l_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_m_e_n_t_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_o_r_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _r_e_s_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_o_n_g_ _r_u_n_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _j_o_b_s_*_4_*_-_ _U_S_A_ _a_ _m_o_d_e_l_ _t_o_ _f_o_l_l_o_w_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e_ _o_f_ _o_u_t_p_u_t_ _i_n_ _a_n_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_B_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _U_K_s_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _m_u_s_t_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_n_ _a_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_y_ _s_a_f_e_l_y_ _i_g_n_o_r_e_ _a_ _p_e_r_s_i_s_t_e_n_t_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_ _d_e_f_i_c_i_t_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_R_e_m_e_d_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _a_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _d_i_s_e_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_._*_4_*_C_o_n_f_l_i_c_t_s_ _B_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _M_a_c_r_o_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_*_4_*_D_e_m_a_n_d_ _m_a_n_a_g_e_m_e_n_t_ _o_r_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_ _s_i_d_e_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _I_N_D_U_S_T_R_I_A_L_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_S_*_2_*_T_h_e_ _b_i_r_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _o_f_ _f_i_r_m_s_._ _T_h_e_ _m_o_t_i_v_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _m_e_t_h_o_d_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_R_e_v_e_n_u_e_._*_4_*_P_r_o_f_i_t_._*_4_*_A_l_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_v_e_ _m_o_t_i_v_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _f_i_r_m_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_S_h_o_r_t_ _r_u_n_ _a_n_d_ _l_o_n_g_ _r_u_n_._*_4_*_D_i_m_i_n_i_s_h_i_n_g_ _M_a_r_g_i_n_a_l_ _R_e_t_u_r_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _s_c_a_l_e_._*_4_*_P_e_r_f_e_c_t_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_s_t_i_c_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_G_a_m_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_y_*_4_*_O_l_i_g_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_C_a_r_t_e_l_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_a_r_i_n_g_ _e_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_ _b_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _t_h_e_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e_s_._*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _P_u_b_l_i_c_ _I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_*_4_*_M_e_a_s_u_r_e_s_ _o_f_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _c_o_n_c_e_n_t_r_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _d_i_s_c_r_i_m_i_n_a_t_i_o_n_ _i_n_ _m_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _a_n_d_ _n_o_n_-_p_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_*_4_*_C_o_n_t_e_s_t_a_b_l_e_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_ _p_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_R_e_g_u_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _o_f_ _p_r_i_v_a_t_i_s_e_d_ _i_n_d_u_s_t_r_i_e_s_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _5_ _-_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_ _D_E_V_E_L_O_P_M_E_N_T_*_2_*_A_b_s_o_l_u_t_e_ _a_n_d_ _r_e_l_a_t_i_v_e_ _p_o_v_e_r_t_y_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _i_n_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_i_n_g_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_i_e_s_._*_4_*_T_h_e_ _s_i_g_n_i_f_i_c_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _f_o_r_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_e_r_e_n_c_e_s_ _b_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_i_n_g_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_i_e_s_._*_4_*_T_h_e_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_._ _*_4_*_C_o_n_s_t_r_a_i_n_t_s_ _o_n_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_._ _*_4_*_D_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_._ _T_h_e_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_ _o_f_ _p_a_r_t_i_c_u_l_a_r_ _s_e_c_t_o_r_s_ _o_f_ _t_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_._*_4_*_S_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _o_f_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _f_i_n_a_n_c_e_._*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _6_ _-_ _T_H_E_ _U_K_ _I_N_ _A_ _G_L_O_B_A_L_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_Y_*_2_*_G_l_o_b_a_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_._*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _e_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_._*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_._*_4_*_R_e_a_s_o_n_s_ _f_o_r_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _c_r_e_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _d_i_v_e_r_s_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _o_f_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _c_o_n_f_l_i_c_t_ _b_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _C_o_m_m_o_n_ _A_g_r_i_c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _P_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _W_o_r_l_d_ _T_r_a_d_e_ _O_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_ _(_W_T_O_)_._*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_v_e_n_e_s_s_._*_4_*_T_h_e_ _U_K_s_ _c_h_a_n_g_i_n_g_ _i_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_v_e_ _s_i_t_u_a_t_i_o_n_._*_4_*_B_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _*_4_*_R_e_m_e_d_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _a_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _d_i_s_e_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_._*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_ _s_y_s_t_e_m_s_._*_4_*_W_h_a_t_ _D_e_t_e_r_m_i_n_e_s_ _T_h_e_ _V_a_l_u_e_ _O_f_ _A_n_ _E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _R_a_t_e_*_4_*_E_u_r_o_p_e_a_n_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _U_n_i_o_n_._*_4_*_I_n_w_a_r_d_ _f_o_r_e_i_g_n_ _d_i_r_e_c_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _b_y_ _M_N_C_s_._*_4_*_P_u_b_l_i_c_ _e_x_p_e_n_d_i_t_u_r_e_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_e_a_l_ _o_u_t_p_u_t_ _a_n_d_ _t_h_e_ _N_A_I_R_U_ _(_P_h_i_l_l_i_p_s_ _C_u_r_v_e_)_._*_1_*_M_U_L_T_I_P_L_E_ _C_H_O_I_C_E_ _Q_U_E_S_T_I_O_N_S_ _(_E_S_S_E_N_T_I_A_L_ _F_O_R_ _U_N_I_T_S_ _1_ _A_N_D_ _4_)_*_2_*_U_n_i_t_ _1_ _-_ _ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_ _-_ _h_o_w_ _t_h_e_y_ _w_o_r_k_ _(_e_s_s_e_n_t_i_a_l_ _l_e_a_r_n_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_U_n_i_t_ _2_ _-_ _ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_ _-_ _w_h_y_ _t_h_e_y_ _f_a_i_l_*_4_*_U_n_i_t_ _3_ _-_ _ _M_a_n_a_g_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_*_4_*_L_i_n_k_s_ _t_o_ _o_t_h_e_r_ _o_n_-_l_i_n_e_ _q_u_i_z_z_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _t_e_s_t_s','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5472,'82.8.167.110','1275213785','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/economics/edexindex.htm','economics','[11th/12th]','economics','Sunday  11:03  30/05/10','1','0','1','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','4','1','anon','Edexcel - revision site for teachers of Economics (limited number of worksheets), multiple choice tests and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - MARKETS: HOW THEY WORK*2*Glossary of terms*4*Positive and Normative Economics*4*Factors of Production*4*Scarcity*4*Opportunity Cost*4*The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)*4*Specialisation and the Division of Labour*4*Short Run and Long Run*4*Economies of Scale*4*Comparative and Absolute Advantage and links*4*The Demand for Goods and Services and links*4*The Supply of Goods and Services*4*The Equilibrium of Demand and Supply and links*4*Consumer Surplus*4*Producer Surplus*4* Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Income Elasticity of Demand*4*Cross Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Price Elasticity of Supply*4*Labour Markets*4* Housing Markets*4*Exchange rates (Money Markets)*4*Entry and Exit of Firms*4*Minimum Prices*4* Maximum Prices*4* Agricultural Markets*4* Indirect Taxes*4*Indirect Subsidies*4*Economic Systems*1*UNIT 2 - MARKETS: WHY THEY FAIL*2**4* *4*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4* - Positive externalities*4* - Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4* *4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4* - Pollution regulation*4* - Extending property rights*4* - Marketable pollution permits*4* - The climate change levy*4* - Coase theorem*4* - Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits: case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis: All Change in the UK*4* *4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4* Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4* Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*4*Monopolies*1*UNIT 3 - MANAGING THE ECONOMY*2*Worksheet: Objectives of Government Macroeconomic Policy*4*Aggregate demand curve*4* *4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4* *4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4* *4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4* - UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Research and development spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4* *4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4* *4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4* *4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic and social costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4* *4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4* *4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4* *4*Remedies for a balance of payments disequilibrium.*4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side*4**1*UNIT 4 - INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS*2*The birth and growth of firms. The motives and methods of growth*4*Costs*4*Revenue.*4*Profit.*4*Alternative motives for firms and links*4*Short run and long run.*4*Diminishing Marginal Returns and Economies of scale.*4*Perfect competition*4*Monopoly*4*Monopolistic competition*4*Game theory*4*Oligopoly*4*Cartels*4*Comparing efficiency between the market structures.*4*Monopoly And The Public Interest*4*Measures of market concentration*4*Price discrimination in monopoly*4*Pricing and non-pricing strategies*4*Contestable markets*4*Competition policy*4*Regulation of privatised industries*4**1*UNIT 5 - ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT*2*Absolute and relative poverty*4*The causes of economic growth in developing countries.*4*The significance of economic growth for development*4*Differences between developing countries.*4*The costs of economic growth. *4*Constraints on economic growth. *4*Development strategies. The development of particular sectors of the economy.*4*Sources of external finance.*1*UNIT 6 - THE UK IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY*2*Globalisation.*4*International exchange.*4*Types of trading blocs*4*Examples of trading blocs*4*Types of trade protectionism.*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*Sources of possible conflict between trading blocs*4*The Common Agricultural Policy*4*The World Trade Organisation (WTO).*4*International competitiveness.*4*The UKs changing international competitive situation.*4*Balance of payments *4*Remedies for a balance of payments disequilibrium.*4*Exchange rate systems.*4*What Determines The Value Of An Exchange Rate*4*European Monetary Union.*4*Inward foreign direct investment by MNCs.*4*Public expenditure*4*Unemployment*4*Inflation*4*Real output and the NAIRU (Phillips Curve).*1*MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (ESSENTIAL FOR UNITS 1 AND 4)*2*Unit 1 -  Markets - how they work (essential learning)*4*Unit 2 -  Markets - why they fail*4*Unit 3 -  Managing the economy*4*Links to other on-line quizzes and tests','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_/_e_d_e_x_i_n_d_e_x_._h_t_m','_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_ _h_ _p_l_u_s','','_1','','_1','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','_E_d_e_x_c_e_l_ _-_ _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _s_i_t_e_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_a_c_h_e_r_s_ _o_f_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_ _(_l_i_m_i_t_e_d_ _n_u_m_b_e_r_ _o_f_ _w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_s_)_,_ _m_u_l_t_i_p_l_e_ _c_h_o_i_c_e_ _t_e_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _w_e_b_s_i_t_e_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_ _-_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_S_:_ _H_O_W_ _T_H_E_Y_ _W_O_R_K_*_2_*_G_l_o_s_s_a_r_y_ _o_f_ _t_e_r_m_s_*_4_*_P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _N_o_r_m_a_t_i_v_e_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_*_4_*_F_a_c_t_o_r_s_ _o_f_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_c_a_r_c_i_t_y_*_4_*_O_p_p_o_r_t_u_n_i_t_y_ _C_o_s_t_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_s_s_i_b_i_l_i_t_y_ _F_r_o_n_t_i_e_r_ _(_P_P_F_)_*_4_*_S_p_e_c_i_a_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_h_e_ _D_i_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _o_f_ _L_a_b_o_u_r_*_4_*_S_h_o_r_t_ _R_u_n_ _a_n_d_ _L_o_n_g_ _R_u_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _S_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_a_r_a_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _A_b_s_o_l_u_t_e_ _A_d_v_a_n_t_a_g_e_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _f_o_r_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _o_f_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_ _P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_L_a_b_o_u_r_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_ _H_o_u_s_i_n_g_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_ _(_M_o_n_e_y_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_)_*_4_*_E_n_t_r_y_ _a_n_d_ _E_x_i_t_ _o_f_ _F_i_r_m_s_*_4_*_M_i_n_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_ _M_a_x_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_ _A_g_r_i_c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_ _I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _S_y_s_t_e_m_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_S_:_ _W_H_Y_ _T_H_E_Y_ _F_A_I_L_*_2_*_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_r_i_v_a_t_e_ _a_n_d_ _s_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_ _a_n_d_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_g_a_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _s_p_i_l_l_o_v_e_r_s_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _-_ _c_o_r_r_e_c_t_i_n_g_ _f_o_r_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _r_e_g_u_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _E_x_t_e_n_d_i_n_g_ _p_r_o_p_e_r_t_y_ _r_i_g_h_t_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _T_h_e_ _c_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_ _l_e_v_y_*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_a_s_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_e_m_*_4_*_ _-_ _L_a_n_d_f_i_l_l_ _t_a_x_*_4_*_-_ _K_y_o_t_o_ _t_r_e_a_t_y_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_e_d_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _C_o_n_v_e_n_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_:_ _c_a_s_e_ _S_t_u_d_y_ _w_i_t_h_ _Q_u_e_s_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_-_ _A_l_a_s_k_a_n_s_ _f_a_c_e_ _t_h_a_w_*_4_*_-_ _C_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _C_r_i_s_i_s_:_ _A_l_l_ _C_h_a_n_g_e_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_M_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _g_o_o_d_s_ _t_a_s_k_*_4_*_ _P_u_b_l_i_c_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_ _C_o_s_t_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_ _A_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_ _(_C_B_A_)_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _E_n_t_r_y_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_e_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _3_ _-_ _M_A_N_A_G_I_N_G_ _T_H_E_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_Y_*_2_*_W_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_:_ _O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_ _o_f_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _M_a_c_r_o_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _P_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _c_u_r_v_e_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_-_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_ _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_ _r_a_t_i_o_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _c_o_n_f_i_d_e_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _W_e_a_l_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_-_ _F_r_i_e_d_m_a_n_s_ _p_e_r_m_a_n_e_n_t_ _i_n_c_o_m_e_ _h_y_p_o_t_h_e_s_i_s_*_4_*_*_4_*_I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_s_s_ _a_n_d_ _n_e_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _W_h_y_ _d_o_ _f_i_r_m_s_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_*_4_*_ _-_ _U_K_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _I_n_ _A_n_ _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _C_o_n_t_e_x_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _M_a_r_g_i_n_a_l_ _E_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _T_h_e_ _K_e_y_n_e_s_i_a_n_ _T_h_e_o_r_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _a_c_c_e_l_e_r_a_t_o_r_*_4_*_-_ _R_e_c_e_n_t_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _I_n_ _T_h_e_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _O_f_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _A_n_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _S_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _R_e_s_e_a_r_c_h_ _a_n_d_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_ _s_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _b_a_s_e_*_4_*_-_ _D_i_r_e_c_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _i_n_t_o_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_w_a_r_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _R_e_g_i_o_n_a_l_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _P_r_o_b_l_e_m_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _s_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _b_o_r_r_o_w_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_b_t_*_4_*_E_x_p_o_r_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _I_m_p_o_r_t_s_*_4_*_O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _m_a_c_r_o_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _p_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _i_t_s_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_a_r_y_ _g_a_p_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_ _l_a_b_o_u_r_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_r_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _D_e_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _f_i_g_u_r_e_s_ _(_E_x_c_e_l_ _s_p_r_e_a_d_s_h_e_e_t_)_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _M_e_a_s_u_r_i_n_g_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _a_n_d_ _s_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _r_e_d_u_c_e_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _C_h_a_n_g_i_n_g_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _F_u_l_l_ _e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_u_r_a_l_ _r_a_t_e_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _N_A_I_R_U_*_4_*_-_ _J_o_b_ _v_a_c_a_n_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _L_o_n_g_ _t_e_r_m_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_w_ _D_e_a_l_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_m_e_n_t_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_o_r_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _r_e_s_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_o_n_g_ _r_u_n_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _j_o_b_s_*_4_*_-_ _U_S_A_ _a_ _m_o_d_e_l_ _t_o_ _f_o_l_l_o_w_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e_ _o_f_ _o_u_t_p_u_t_ _i_n_ _a_n_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_B_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _U_K_s_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _m_u_s_t_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_n_ _a_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_y_ _s_a_f_e_l_y_ _i_g_n_o_r_e_ _a_ _p_e_r_s_i_s_t_e_n_t_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_ _d_e_f_i_c_i_t_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_R_e_m_e_d_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _a_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _d_i_s_e_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_._*_4_*_C_o_n_f_l_i_c_t_s_ _B_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _M_a_c_r_o_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_*_4_*_D_e_m_a_n_d_ _m_a_n_a_g_e_m_e_n_t_ _o_r_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_ _s_i_d_e_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _I_N_D_U_S_T_R_I_A_L_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_S_*_2_*_T_h_e_ _b_i_r_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _o_f_ _f_i_r_m_s_._ _T_h_e_ _m_o_t_i_v_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _m_e_t_h_o_d_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_R_e_v_e_n_u_e_._*_4_*_P_r_o_f_i_t_._*_4_*_A_l_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_v_e_ _m_o_t_i_v_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _f_i_r_m_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_S_h_o_r_t_ _r_u_n_ _a_n_d_ _l_o_n_g_ _r_u_n_._*_4_*_D_i_m_i_n_i_s_h_i_n_g_ _M_a_r_g_i_n_a_l_ _R_e_t_u_r_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _s_c_a_l_e_._*_4_*_P_e_r_f_e_c_t_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_s_t_i_c_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_G_a_m_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_y_*_4_*_O_l_i_g_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_C_a_r_t_e_l_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_a_r_i_n_g_ _e_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_ _b_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _t_h_e_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e_s_._*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _P_u_b_l_i_c_ _I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_*_4_*_M_e_a_s_u_r_e_s_ _o_f_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _c_o_n_c_e_n_t_r_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _d_i_s_c_r_i_m_i_n_a_t_i_o_n_ _i_n_ _m_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _a_n_d_ _n_o_n_-_p_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_*_4_*_C_o_n_t_e_s_t_a_b_l_e_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_ _p_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_R_e_g_u_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _o_f_ _p_r_i_v_a_t_i_s_e_d_ _i_n_d_u_s_t_r_i_e_s_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _5_ _-_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_ _D_E_V_E_L_O_P_M_E_N_T_*_2_*_A_b_s_o_l_u_t_e_ _a_n_d_ _r_e_l_a_t_i_v_e_ _p_o_v_e_r_t_y_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _i_n_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_i_n_g_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_i_e_s_._*_4_*_T_h_e_ _s_i_g_n_i_f_i_c_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _f_o_r_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_e_r_e_n_c_e_s_ _b_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_i_n_g_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_i_e_s_._*_4_*_T_h_e_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_._ _*_4_*_C_o_n_s_t_r_a_i_n_t_s_ _o_n_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_._ _*_4_*_D_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_._ _T_h_e_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_ _o_f_ _p_a_r_t_i_c_u_l_a_r_ _s_e_c_t_o_r_s_ _o_f_ _t_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_._*_4_*_S_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _o_f_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _f_i_n_a_n_c_e_._*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _6_ _-_ _T_H_E_ _U_K_ _I_N_ _A_ _G_L_O_B_A_L_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_Y_*_2_*_G_l_o_b_a_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_._*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _e_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_._*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_._*_4_*_R_e_a_s_o_n_s_ _f_o_r_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _c_r_e_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _d_i_v_e_r_s_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _o_f_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _c_o_n_f_l_i_c_t_ _b_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _C_o_m_m_o_n_ _A_g_r_i_c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _P_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _W_o_r_l_d_ _T_r_a_d_e_ _O_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_ _(_W_T_O_)_._*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_v_e_n_e_s_s_._*_4_*_T_h_e_ _U_K_s_ _c_h_a_n_g_i_n_g_ _i_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_v_e_ _s_i_t_u_a_t_i_o_n_._*_4_*_B_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _*_4_*_R_e_m_e_d_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _a_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _d_i_s_e_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_._*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_ _s_y_s_t_e_m_s_._*_4_*_W_h_a_t_ _D_e_t_e_r_m_i_n_e_s_ _T_h_e_ _V_a_l_u_e_ _O_f_ _A_n_ _E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _R_a_t_e_*_4_*_E_u_r_o_p_e_a_n_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _U_n_i_o_n_._*_4_*_I_n_w_a_r_d_ _f_o_r_e_i_g_n_ _d_i_r_e_c_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _b_y_ _M_N_C_s_._*_4_*_P_u_b_l_i_c_ _e_x_p_e_n_d_i_t_u_r_e_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_e_a_l_ _o_u_t_p_u_t_ _a_n_d_ _t_h_e_ _N_A_I_R_U_ _(_P_h_i_l_l_i_p_s_ _C_u_r_v_e_)_._*_1_*_M_U_L_T_I_P_L_E_ _C_H_O_I_C_E_ _Q_U_E_S_T_I_O_N_S_ _(_E_S_S_E_N_T_I_A_L_ _F_O_R_ _U_N_I_T_S_ _1_ _A_N_D_ _4_)_*_2_*_U_n_i_t_ _1_ _-_ _ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_ _-_ _h_o_w_ _t_h_e_y_ _w_o_r_k_ _(_e_s_s_e_n_t_i_a_l_ _l_e_a_r_n_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_U_n_i_t_ _2_ _-_ _ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_ _-_ _w_h_y_ _t_h_e_y_ _f_a_i_l_*_4_*_U_n_i_t_ _3_ _-_ _ _M_a_n_a_g_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_*_4_*_L_i_n_k_s_ _t_o_ _o_t_h_e_r_ _o_n_-_l_i_n_e_ _q_u_i_z_z_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _t_e_s_t_s','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5473,'82.8.167.110','1275213785','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/economics/edexindex.htm','economics','ap','economics','Sunday  11:03  30/05/10','1','0','1','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','4','1','anon','Edexcel - revision site for teachers of Economics (limited number of worksheets), multiple choice tests and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - MARKETS: HOW THEY WORK*2*Glossary of terms*4*Positive and Normative Economics*4*Factors of Production*4*Scarcity*4*Opportunity Cost*4*The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)*4*Specialisation and the Division of Labour*4*Short Run and Long Run*4*Economies of Scale*4*Comparative and Absolute Advantage and links*4*The Demand for Goods and Services and links*4*The Supply of Goods and Services*4*The Equilibrium of Demand and Supply and links*4*Consumer Surplus*4*Producer Surplus*4* Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Income Elasticity of Demand*4*Cross Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Price Elasticity of Supply*4*Labour Markets*4* Housing Markets*4*Exchange rates (Money Markets)*4*Entry and Exit of Firms*4*Minimum Prices*4* Maximum Prices*4* Agricultural Markets*4* Indirect Taxes*4*Indirect Subsidies*4*Economic Systems*1*UNIT 2 - MARKETS: WHY THEY FAIL*2**4* *4*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4* - Positive externalities*4* - Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4* *4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4* - Pollution regulation*4* - Extending property rights*4* - Marketable pollution permits*4* - The climate change levy*4* - Coase theorem*4* - Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits: case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis: All Change in the UK*4* *4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4* Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4* Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*4*Monopolies*1*UNIT 3 - MANAGING THE ECONOMY*2*Worksheet: Objectives of Government Macroeconomic Policy*4*Aggregate demand curve*4* *4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4* *4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4* *4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4* - UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Research and development spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4* *4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4* *4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4* *4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic and social costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4* *4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4* *4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4* *4*Remedies for a balance of payments disequilibrium.*4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side*4**1*UNIT 4 - INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS*2*The birth and growth of firms. The motives and methods of growth*4*Costs*4*Revenue.*4*Profit.*4*Alternative motives for firms and links*4*Short run and long run.*4*Diminishing Marginal Returns and Economies of scale.*4*Perfect competition*4*Monopoly*4*Monopolistic competition*4*Game theory*4*Oligopoly*4*Cartels*4*Comparing efficiency between the market structures.*4*Monopoly And The Public Interest*4*Measures of market concentration*4*Price discrimination in monopoly*4*Pricing and non-pricing strategies*4*Contestable markets*4*Competition policy*4*Regulation of privatised industries*4**1*UNIT 5 - ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT*2*Absolute and relative poverty*4*The causes of economic growth in developing countries.*4*The significance of economic growth for development*4*Differences between developing countries.*4*The costs of economic growth. *4*Constraints on economic growth. *4*Development strategies. The development of particular sectors of the economy.*4*Sources of external finance.*1*UNIT 6 - THE UK IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY*2*Globalisation.*4*International exchange.*4*Types of trading blocs*4*Examples of trading blocs*4*Types of trade protectionism.*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*Sources of possible conflict between trading blocs*4*The Common Agricultural Policy*4*The World Trade Organisation (WTO).*4*International competitiveness.*4*The UKs changing international competitive situation.*4*Balance of payments *4*Remedies for a balance of payments disequilibrium.*4*Exchange rate systems.*4*What Determines The Value Of An Exchange Rate*4*European Monetary Union.*4*Inward foreign direct investment by MNCs.*4*Public expenditure*4*Unemployment*4*Inflation*4*Real output and the NAIRU (Phillips Curve).*1*MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (ESSENTIAL FOR UNITS 1 AND 4)*2*Unit 1 -  Markets - how they work (essential learning)*4*Unit 2 -  Markets - why they fail*4*Unit 3 -  Managing the economy*4*Links to other on-line quizzes and tests','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_/_e_d_e_x_i_n_d_e_x_._h_t_m','_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_ _h_ _p_l_u_s','','_1','','_1','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','_E_d_e_x_c_e_l_ _-_ _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _s_i_t_e_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_a_c_h_e_r_s_ _o_f_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_ _(_l_i_m_i_t_e_d_ _n_u_m_b_e_r_ _o_f_ _w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_s_)_,_ _m_u_l_t_i_p_l_e_ _c_h_o_i_c_e_ _t_e_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _w_e_b_s_i_t_e_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_ _-_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_S_:_ _H_O_W_ _T_H_E_Y_ _W_O_R_K_*_2_*_G_l_o_s_s_a_r_y_ _o_f_ _t_e_r_m_s_*_4_*_P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _N_o_r_m_a_t_i_v_e_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_*_4_*_F_a_c_t_o_r_s_ _o_f_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_c_a_r_c_i_t_y_*_4_*_O_p_p_o_r_t_u_n_i_t_y_ _C_o_s_t_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_s_s_i_b_i_l_i_t_y_ _F_r_o_n_t_i_e_r_ _(_P_P_F_)_*_4_*_S_p_e_c_i_a_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_h_e_ _D_i_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _o_f_ _L_a_b_o_u_r_*_4_*_S_h_o_r_t_ _R_u_n_ _a_n_d_ _L_o_n_g_ _R_u_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _S_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_a_r_a_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _A_b_s_o_l_u_t_e_ _A_d_v_a_n_t_a_g_e_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _f_o_r_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _o_f_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_ _P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_L_a_b_o_u_r_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_ _H_o_u_s_i_n_g_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_ _(_M_o_n_e_y_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_)_*_4_*_E_n_t_r_y_ _a_n_d_ _E_x_i_t_ _o_f_ _F_i_r_m_s_*_4_*_M_i_n_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_ _M_a_x_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_ _A_g_r_i_c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_ _I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _S_y_s_t_e_m_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_S_:_ _W_H_Y_ _T_H_E_Y_ _F_A_I_L_*_2_*_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_r_i_v_a_t_e_ _a_n_d_ _s_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_ _a_n_d_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_g_a_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _s_p_i_l_l_o_v_e_r_s_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _-_ _c_o_r_r_e_c_t_i_n_g_ _f_o_r_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _r_e_g_u_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _E_x_t_e_n_d_i_n_g_ _p_r_o_p_e_r_t_y_ _r_i_g_h_t_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _T_h_e_ _c_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_ _l_e_v_y_*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_a_s_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_e_m_*_4_*_ _-_ _L_a_n_d_f_i_l_l_ _t_a_x_*_4_*_-_ _K_y_o_t_o_ _t_r_e_a_t_y_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_e_d_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _C_o_n_v_e_n_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_:_ _c_a_s_e_ _S_t_u_d_y_ _w_i_t_h_ _Q_u_e_s_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_-_ _A_l_a_s_k_a_n_s_ _f_a_c_e_ _t_h_a_w_*_4_*_-_ _C_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _C_r_i_s_i_s_:_ _A_l_l_ _C_h_a_n_g_e_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_M_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _g_o_o_d_s_ _t_a_s_k_*_4_*_ _P_u_b_l_i_c_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_ _C_o_s_t_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_ _A_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_ _(_C_B_A_)_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _E_n_t_r_y_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_e_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _3_ _-_ _M_A_N_A_G_I_N_G_ _T_H_E_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_Y_*_2_*_W_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_:_ _O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_ _o_f_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _M_a_c_r_o_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _P_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _c_u_r_v_e_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_-_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_ _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_ _r_a_t_i_o_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _c_o_n_f_i_d_e_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _W_e_a_l_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_-_ _F_r_i_e_d_m_a_n_s_ _p_e_r_m_a_n_e_n_t_ _i_n_c_o_m_e_ _h_y_p_o_t_h_e_s_i_s_*_4_*_*_4_*_I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_s_s_ _a_n_d_ _n_e_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _W_h_y_ _d_o_ _f_i_r_m_s_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_*_4_*_ _-_ _U_K_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _I_n_ _A_n_ _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _C_o_n_t_e_x_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _M_a_r_g_i_n_a_l_ _E_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _T_h_e_ _K_e_y_n_e_s_i_a_n_ _T_h_e_o_r_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _a_c_c_e_l_e_r_a_t_o_r_*_4_*_-_ _R_e_c_e_n_t_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _I_n_ _T_h_e_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _O_f_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _A_n_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _S_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _R_e_s_e_a_r_c_h_ _a_n_d_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_ _s_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _b_a_s_e_*_4_*_-_ _D_i_r_e_c_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _i_n_t_o_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_w_a_r_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _R_e_g_i_o_n_a_l_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _P_r_o_b_l_e_m_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _s_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _b_o_r_r_o_w_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_b_t_*_4_*_E_x_p_o_r_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _I_m_p_o_r_t_s_*_4_*_O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _m_a_c_r_o_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _p_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _i_t_s_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_a_r_y_ _g_a_p_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_ _l_a_b_o_u_r_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_r_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _D_e_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _f_i_g_u_r_e_s_ _(_E_x_c_e_l_ _s_p_r_e_a_d_s_h_e_e_t_)_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _M_e_a_s_u_r_i_n_g_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _a_n_d_ _s_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _r_e_d_u_c_e_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _C_h_a_n_g_i_n_g_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _F_u_l_l_ _e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_u_r_a_l_ _r_a_t_e_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _N_A_I_R_U_*_4_*_-_ _J_o_b_ _v_a_c_a_n_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _L_o_n_g_ _t_e_r_m_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_w_ _D_e_a_l_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_m_e_n_t_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_o_r_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _r_e_s_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_o_n_g_ _r_u_n_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _j_o_b_s_*_4_*_-_ _U_S_A_ _a_ _m_o_d_e_l_ _t_o_ _f_o_l_l_o_w_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e_ _o_f_ _o_u_t_p_u_t_ _i_n_ _a_n_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_B_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _U_K_s_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _m_u_s_t_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_n_ _a_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_y_ _s_a_f_e_l_y_ _i_g_n_o_r_e_ _a_ _p_e_r_s_i_s_t_e_n_t_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_ _d_e_f_i_c_i_t_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_R_e_m_e_d_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _a_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _d_i_s_e_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_._*_4_*_C_o_n_f_l_i_c_t_s_ _B_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _M_a_c_r_o_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_*_4_*_D_e_m_a_n_d_ _m_a_n_a_g_e_m_e_n_t_ _o_r_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_ _s_i_d_e_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _I_N_D_U_S_T_R_I_A_L_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_S_*_2_*_T_h_e_ _b_i_r_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _o_f_ _f_i_r_m_s_._ _T_h_e_ _m_o_t_i_v_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _m_e_t_h_o_d_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_R_e_v_e_n_u_e_._*_4_*_P_r_o_f_i_t_._*_4_*_A_l_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_v_e_ _m_o_t_i_v_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _f_i_r_m_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_S_h_o_r_t_ _r_u_n_ _a_n_d_ _l_o_n_g_ _r_u_n_._*_4_*_D_i_m_i_n_i_s_h_i_n_g_ _M_a_r_g_i_n_a_l_ _R_e_t_u_r_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _s_c_a_l_e_._*_4_*_P_e_r_f_e_c_t_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_s_t_i_c_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_G_a_m_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_y_*_4_*_O_l_i_g_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_C_a_r_t_e_l_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_a_r_i_n_g_ _e_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_ _b_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _t_h_e_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e_s_._*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _P_u_b_l_i_c_ _I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_*_4_*_M_e_a_s_u_r_e_s_ _o_f_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _c_o_n_c_e_n_t_r_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _d_i_s_c_r_i_m_i_n_a_t_i_o_n_ _i_n_ _m_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _a_n_d_ _n_o_n_-_p_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_*_4_*_C_o_n_t_e_s_t_a_b_l_e_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_ _p_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_R_e_g_u_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _o_f_ _p_r_i_v_a_t_i_s_e_d_ _i_n_d_u_s_t_r_i_e_s_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _5_ _-_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_ _D_E_V_E_L_O_P_M_E_N_T_*_2_*_A_b_s_o_l_u_t_e_ _a_n_d_ _r_e_l_a_t_i_v_e_ _p_o_v_e_r_t_y_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _i_n_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_i_n_g_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_i_e_s_._*_4_*_T_h_e_ _s_i_g_n_i_f_i_c_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _f_o_r_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_e_r_e_n_c_e_s_ _b_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_i_n_g_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_i_e_s_._*_4_*_T_h_e_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_._ _*_4_*_C_o_n_s_t_r_a_i_n_t_s_ _o_n_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_._ _*_4_*_D_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_._ _T_h_e_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_ _o_f_ _p_a_r_t_i_c_u_l_a_r_ _s_e_c_t_o_r_s_ _o_f_ _t_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_._*_4_*_S_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _o_f_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _f_i_n_a_n_c_e_._*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _6_ _-_ _T_H_E_ _U_K_ _I_N_ _A_ _G_L_O_B_A_L_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_Y_*_2_*_G_l_o_b_a_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_._*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _e_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_._*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_._*_4_*_R_e_a_s_o_n_s_ _f_o_r_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _c_r_e_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _d_i_v_e_r_s_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _o_f_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _c_o_n_f_l_i_c_t_ _b_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _C_o_m_m_o_n_ _A_g_r_i_c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _P_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _W_o_r_l_d_ _T_r_a_d_e_ _O_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_ _(_W_T_O_)_._*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_v_e_n_e_s_s_._*_4_*_T_h_e_ _U_K_s_ _c_h_a_n_g_i_n_g_ _i_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_v_e_ _s_i_t_u_a_t_i_o_n_._*_4_*_B_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _*_4_*_R_e_m_e_d_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _a_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _d_i_s_e_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_._*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_ _s_y_s_t_e_m_s_._*_4_*_W_h_a_t_ _D_e_t_e_r_m_i_n_e_s_ _T_h_e_ _V_a_l_u_e_ _O_f_ _A_n_ _E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _R_a_t_e_*_4_*_E_u_r_o_p_e_a_n_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _U_n_i_o_n_._*_4_*_I_n_w_a_r_d_ _f_o_r_e_i_g_n_ _d_i_r_e_c_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _b_y_ _M_N_C_s_._*_4_*_P_u_b_l_i_c_ _e_x_p_e_n_d_i_t_u_r_e_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_e_a_l_ _o_u_t_p_u_t_ _a_n_d_ _t_h_e_ _N_A_I_R_U_ _(_P_h_i_l_l_i_p_s_ _C_u_r_v_e_)_._*_1_*_M_U_L_T_I_P_L_E_ _C_H_O_I_C_E_ _Q_U_E_S_T_I_O_N_S_ _(_E_S_S_E_N_T_I_A_L_ _F_O_R_ _U_N_I_T_S_ _1_ _A_N_D_ _4_)_*_2_*_U_n_i_t_ _1_ _-_ _ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_ _-_ _h_o_w_ _t_h_e_y_ _w_o_r_k_ _(_e_s_s_e_n_t_i_a_l_ _l_e_a_r_n_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_U_n_i_t_ _2_ _-_ _ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_ _-_ _w_h_y_ _t_h_e_y_ _f_a_i_l_*_4_*_U_n_i_t_ _3_ _-_ _ _M_a_n_a_g_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_*_4_*_L_i_n_k_s_ _t_o_ _o_t_h_e_r_ _o_n_-_l_i_n_e_ _q_u_i_z_z_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _t_e_s_t_s','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5474,'82.8.167.110','1275213785','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/economics/edexindex.htm','economics','higher','economics','Sunday  11:04  30/05/10','1','0','1','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','Edexcel - revision site for teachers of Economics (limited number of worksheets), multiple choice tests and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - MARKETS: HOW THEY WORK*2*Glossary of terms*4*Positive and Normative Economics*4*Factors of Production*4*Scarcity*4*Opportunity Cost*4*The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)*4*Specialisation and the Division of Labour*4*Short Run and Long Run*4*Economies of Scale*4*Comparative and Absolute Advantage and links*4*The Demand for Goods and Services and links*4*The Supply of Goods and Services*4*The Equilibrium of Demand and Supply and links*4*Consumer Surplus*4*Producer Surplus*4* Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Income Elasticity of Demand*4*Cross Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Price Elasticity of Supply*4*Labour Markets*4* Housing Markets*4*Exchange rates (Money Markets)*4*Entry and Exit of Firms*4*Minimum Prices*4* Maximum Prices*4* Agricultural Markets*4* Indirect Taxes*4*Indirect Subsidies*4*Economic Systems*1*UNIT 2 - MARKETS: WHY THEY FAIL*2**4* *4*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4* - Positive externalities*4* - Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4* *4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4* - Pollution regulation*4* - Extending property rights*4* - Marketable pollution permits*4* - The climate change levy*4* - Coase theorem*4* - Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits: case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis: All Change in the UK*4* *4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4* Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4* Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*4*Monopolies*1*UNIT 3 - MANAGING THE ECONOMY*2*Worksheet: Objectives of Government Macroeconomic Policy*4*Aggregate demand curve*4* *4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4* *4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4* *4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4* - UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Research and development spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4* *4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4* *4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4* *4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic and social costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4* *4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4* *4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4* *4*Remedies for a balance of payments disequilibrium.*4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side*4**1*UNIT 4 - INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS*2*The birth and growth of firms. The motives and methods of growth*4*Costs*4*Revenue.*4*Profit.*4*Alternative motives for firms and links*4*Short run and long run.*4*Diminishing Marginal Returns and Economies of scale.*4*Perfect competition*4*Monopoly*4*Monopolistic competition*4*Game theory*4*Oligopoly*4*Cartels*4*Comparing efficiency between the market structures.*4*Monopoly And The Public Interest*4*Measures of market concentration*4*Price discrimination in monopoly*4*Pricing and non-pricing strategies*4*Contestable markets*4*Competition policy*4*Regulation of privatised industries*4**1*UNIT 5 - ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT*2*Absolute and relative poverty*4*The causes of economic growth in developing countries.*4*The significance of economic growth for development*4*Differences between developing countries.*4*The costs of economic growth. *4*Constraints on economic growth. *4*Development strategies. The development of particular sectors of the economy.*4*Sources of external finance.*1*UNIT 6 - THE UK IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY*2*Globalisation.*4*International exchange.*4*Types of trading blocs*4*Examples of trading blocs*4*Types of trade protectionism.*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*Sources of possible conflict between trading blocs*4*The Common Agricultural Policy*4*The World Trade Organisation (WTO).*4*International competitiveness.*4*The UKs changing international competitive situation.*4*Balance of payments *4*Remedies for a balance of payments disequilibrium.*4*Exchange rate systems.*4*What Determines The Value Of An Exchange Rate*4*European Monetary Union.*4*Inward foreign direct investment by MNCs.*4*Public expenditure*4*Unemployment*4*Inflation*4*Real output and the NAIRU (Phillips Curve).*1*MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (ESSENTIAL FOR UNITS 1 AND 4)*2*Unit 1 -  Markets - how they work (essential learning)*4*Unit 2 -  Markets - why they fail*4*Unit 3 -  Managing the economy*4*Links to other on-line quizzes and tests','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_/_e_d_e_x_i_n_d_e_x_._h_t_m','_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_ _h_ _p_l_u_s','','_1','','_1','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','_E_d_e_x_c_e_l_ _-_ _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _s_i_t_e_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_a_c_h_e_r_s_ _o_f_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_ _(_l_i_m_i_t_e_d_ _n_u_m_b_e_r_ _o_f_ _w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_s_)_,_ _m_u_l_t_i_p_l_e_ _c_h_o_i_c_e_ _t_e_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _w_e_b_s_i_t_e_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_ _-_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_S_:_ _H_O_W_ _T_H_E_Y_ _W_O_R_K_*_2_*_G_l_o_s_s_a_r_y_ _o_f_ _t_e_r_m_s_*_4_*_P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _N_o_r_m_a_t_i_v_e_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_*_4_*_F_a_c_t_o_r_s_ _o_f_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_c_a_r_c_i_t_y_*_4_*_O_p_p_o_r_t_u_n_i_t_y_ _C_o_s_t_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_s_s_i_b_i_l_i_t_y_ _F_r_o_n_t_i_e_r_ _(_P_P_F_)_*_4_*_S_p_e_c_i_a_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_h_e_ _D_i_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _o_f_ _L_a_b_o_u_r_*_4_*_S_h_o_r_t_ _R_u_n_ _a_n_d_ _L_o_n_g_ _R_u_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _S_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_a_r_a_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _A_b_s_o_l_u_t_e_ _A_d_v_a_n_t_a_g_e_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _f_o_r_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _o_f_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_ _P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_L_a_b_o_u_r_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_ _H_o_u_s_i_n_g_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_ _(_M_o_n_e_y_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_)_*_4_*_E_n_t_r_y_ _a_n_d_ _E_x_i_t_ _o_f_ _F_i_r_m_s_*_4_*_M_i_n_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_ _M_a_x_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_ _A_g_r_i_c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_ _I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _S_y_s_t_e_m_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_S_:_ _W_H_Y_ _T_H_E_Y_ _F_A_I_L_*_2_*_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_r_i_v_a_t_e_ _a_n_d_ _s_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_ _a_n_d_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_g_a_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _s_p_i_l_l_o_v_e_r_s_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _-_ _c_o_r_r_e_c_t_i_n_g_ _f_o_r_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _r_e_g_u_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _E_x_t_e_n_d_i_n_g_ _p_r_o_p_e_r_t_y_ _r_i_g_h_t_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _T_h_e_ _c_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_ _l_e_v_y_*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_a_s_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_e_m_*_4_*_ _-_ _L_a_n_d_f_i_l_l_ _t_a_x_*_4_*_-_ _K_y_o_t_o_ _t_r_e_a_t_y_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_e_d_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _C_o_n_v_e_n_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_:_ _c_a_s_e_ _S_t_u_d_y_ _w_i_t_h_ _Q_u_e_s_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_-_ _A_l_a_s_k_a_n_s_ _f_a_c_e_ _t_h_a_w_*_4_*_-_ _C_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _C_r_i_s_i_s_:_ _A_l_l_ _C_h_a_n_g_e_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_M_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _g_o_o_d_s_ _t_a_s_k_*_4_*_ _P_u_b_l_i_c_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_ _C_o_s_t_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_ _A_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_ _(_C_B_A_)_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _E_n_t_r_y_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_e_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _3_ _-_ _M_A_N_A_G_I_N_G_ _T_H_E_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_Y_*_2_*_W_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_:_ _O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_ _o_f_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _M_a_c_r_o_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _P_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _c_u_r_v_e_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_-_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_ _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_ _r_a_t_i_o_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _c_o_n_f_i_d_e_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _W_e_a_l_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_-_ _F_r_i_e_d_m_a_n_s_ _p_e_r_m_a_n_e_n_t_ _i_n_c_o_m_e_ _h_y_p_o_t_h_e_s_i_s_*_4_*_*_4_*_I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_s_s_ _a_n_d_ _n_e_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _W_h_y_ _d_o_ _f_i_r_m_s_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_*_4_*_ _-_ _U_K_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _I_n_ _A_n_ _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _C_o_n_t_e_x_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _M_a_r_g_i_n_a_l_ _E_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _T_h_e_ _K_e_y_n_e_s_i_a_n_ _T_h_e_o_r_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _a_c_c_e_l_e_r_a_t_o_r_*_4_*_-_ _R_e_c_e_n_t_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _I_n_ _T_h_e_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _O_f_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _A_n_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _S_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _R_e_s_e_a_r_c_h_ _a_n_d_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_ _s_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _b_a_s_e_*_4_*_-_ _D_i_r_e_c_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _i_n_t_o_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_w_a_r_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _R_e_g_i_o_n_a_l_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _P_r_o_b_l_e_m_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _s_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _b_o_r_r_o_w_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_b_t_*_4_*_E_x_p_o_r_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _I_m_p_o_r_t_s_*_4_*_O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _m_a_c_r_o_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _p_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _i_t_s_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_a_r_y_ _g_a_p_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_ _l_a_b_o_u_r_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_r_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _D_e_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _f_i_g_u_r_e_s_ _(_E_x_c_e_l_ _s_p_r_e_a_d_s_h_e_e_t_)_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _M_e_a_s_u_r_i_n_g_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _a_n_d_ _s_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _r_e_d_u_c_e_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _C_h_a_n_g_i_n_g_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _F_u_l_l_ _e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_u_r_a_l_ _r_a_t_e_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _N_A_I_R_U_*_4_*_-_ _J_o_b_ _v_a_c_a_n_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _L_o_n_g_ _t_e_r_m_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_w_ _D_e_a_l_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_m_e_n_t_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_o_r_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _r_e_s_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_o_n_g_ _r_u_n_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _j_o_b_s_*_4_*_-_ _U_S_A_ _a_ _m_o_d_e_l_ _t_o_ _f_o_l_l_o_w_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e_ _o_f_ _o_u_t_p_u_t_ _i_n_ _a_n_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_B_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _U_K_s_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _m_u_s_t_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_n_ _a_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_y_ _s_a_f_e_l_y_ _i_g_n_o_r_e_ _a_ _p_e_r_s_i_s_t_e_n_t_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_ _d_e_f_i_c_i_t_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_R_e_m_e_d_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _a_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _d_i_s_e_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_._*_4_*_C_o_n_f_l_i_c_t_s_ _B_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _M_a_c_r_o_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_*_4_*_D_e_m_a_n_d_ _m_a_n_a_g_e_m_e_n_t_ _o_r_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_ _s_i_d_e_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _I_N_D_U_S_T_R_I_A_L_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_S_*_2_*_T_h_e_ _b_i_r_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _o_f_ _f_i_r_m_s_._ _T_h_e_ _m_o_t_i_v_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _m_e_t_h_o_d_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_R_e_v_e_n_u_e_._*_4_*_P_r_o_f_i_t_._*_4_*_A_l_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_v_e_ _m_o_t_i_v_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _f_i_r_m_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_S_h_o_r_t_ _r_u_n_ _a_n_d_ _l_o_n_g_ _r_u_n_._*_4_*_D_i_m_i_n_i_s_h_i_n_g_ _M_a_r_g_i_n_a_l_ _R_e_t_u_r_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _s_c_a_l_e_._*_4_*_P_e_r_f_e_c_t_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_s_t_i_c_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_G_a_m_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_y_*_4_*_O_l_i_g_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_C_a_r_t_e_l_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_a_r_i_n_g_ _e_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_ _b_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _t_h_e_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e_s_._*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _P_u_b_l_i_c_ _I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_*_4_*_M_e_a_s_u_r_e_s_ _o_f_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _c_o_n_c_e_n_t_r_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _d_i_s_c_r_i_m_i_n_a_t_i_o_n_ _i_n_ _m_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _a_n_d_ _n_o_n_-_p_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_*_4_*_C_o_n_t_e_s_t_a_b_l_e_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_ _p_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_R_e_g_u_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _o_f_ _p_r_i_v_a_t_i_s_e_d_ _i_n_d_u_s_t_r_i_e_s_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _5_ _-_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_ _D_E_V_E_L_O_P_M_E_N_T_*_2_*_A_b_s_o_l_u_t_e_ _a_n_d_ _r_e_l_a_t_i_v_e_ _p_o_v_e_r_t_y_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _i_n_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_i_n_g_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_i_e_s_._*_4_*_T_h_e_ _s_i_g_n_i_f_i_c_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _f_o_r_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_e_r_e_n_c_e_s_ _b_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_i_n_g_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_i_e_s_._*_4_*_T_h_e_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_._ _*_4_*_C_o_n_s_t_r_a_i_n_t_s_ _o_n_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_._ _*_4_*_D_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_._ _T_h_e_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_ _o_f_ _p_a_r_t_i_c_u_l_a_r_ _s_e_c_t_o_r_s_ _o_f_ _t_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_._*_4_*_S_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _o_f_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _f_i_n_a_n_c_e_._*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _6_ _-_ _T_H_E_ _U_K_ _I_N_ _A_ _G_L_O_B_A_L_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_Y_*_2_*_G_l_o_b_a_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_._*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _e_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_._*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_._*_4_*_R_e_a_s_o_n_s_ _f_o_r_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _c_r_e_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _d_i_v_e_r_s_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _o_f_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _c_o_n_f_l_i_c_t_ _b_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _C_o_m_m_o_n_ _A_g_r_i_c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _P_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _W_o_r_l_d_ _T_r_a_d_e_ _O_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_ _(_W_T_O_)_._*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_v_e_n_e_s_s_._*_4_*_T_h_e_ _U_K_s_ _c_h_a_n_g_i_n_g_ _i_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_v_e_ _s_i_t_u_a_t_i_o_n_._*_4_*_B_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _*_4_*_R_e_m_e_d_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _a_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _d_i_s_e_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_._*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_ _s_y_s_t_e_m_s_._*_4_*_W_h_a_t_ _D_e_t_e_r_m_i_n_e_s_ _T_h_e_ _V_a_l_u_e_ _O_f_ _A_n_ _E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _R_a_t_e_*_4_*_E_u_r_o_p_e_a_n_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _U_n_i_o_n_._*_4_*_I_n_w_a_r_d_ _f_o_r_e_i_g_n_ _d_i_r_e_c_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _b_y_ _M_N_C_s_._*_4_*_P_u_b_l_i_c_ _e_x_p_e_n_d_i_t_u_r_e_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_e_a_l_ _o_u_t_p_u_t_ _a_n_d_ _t_h_e_ _N_A_I_R_U_ _(_P_h_i_l_l_i_p_s_ _C_u_r_v_e_)_._*_1_*_M_U_L_T_I_P_L_E_ _C_H_O_I_C_E_ _Q_U_E_S_T_I_O_N_S_ _(_E_S_S_E_N_T_I_A_L_ _F_O_R_ _U_N_I_T_S_ _1_ _A_N_D_ _4_)_*_2_*_U_n_i_t_ _1_ _-_ _ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_ _-_ _h_o_w_ _t_h_e_y_ _w_o_r_k_ _(_e_s_s_e_n_t_i_a_l_ _l_e_a_r_n_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_U_n_i_t_ _2_ _-_ _ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_ _-_ _w_h_y_ _t_h_e_y_ _f_a_i_l_*_4_*_U_n_i_t_ _3_ _-_ _ _M_a_n_a_g_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_*_4_*_L_i_n_k_s_ _t_o_ _o_t_h_e_r_ _o_n_-_l_i_n_e_ _q_u_i_z_z_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _t_e_s_t_s','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5475,'82.8.167.110','1275213785','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/economics/edexindex.htm','economics','adv higher','economics','Sunday  11:04  30/05/10','1','0','1','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','Edexcel - revision site for teachers of Economics (limited number of worksheets), multiple choice tests and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - MARKETS: HOW THEY WORK*2*Glossary of terms*4*Positive and Normative Economics*4*Factors of Production*4*Scarcity*4*Opportunity Cost*4*The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)*4*Specialisation and the Division of Labour*4*Short Run and Long Run*4*Economies of Scale*4*Comparative and Absolute Advantage and links*4*The Demand for Goods and Services and links*4*The Supply of Goods and Services*4*The Equilibrium of Demand and Supply and links*4*Consumer Surplus*4*Producer Surplus*4* Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Income Elasticity of Demand*4*Cross Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Price Elasticity of Supply*4*Labour Markets*4* Housing Markets*4*Exchange rates (Money Markets)*4*Entry and Exit of Firms*4*Minimum Prices*4* Maximum Prices*4* Agricultural Markets*4* Indirect Taxes*4*Indirect Subsidies*4*Economic Systems*1*UNIT 2 - MARKETS: WHY THEY FAIL*2**4* *4*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4* - Positive externalities*4* - Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4* *4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4* - Pollution regulation*4* - Extending property rights*4* - Marketable pollution permits*4* - The climate change levy*4* - Coase theorem*4* - Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits: case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis: All Change in the UK*4* *4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4* Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4* Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*4*Monopolies*1*UNIT 3 - MANAGING THE ECONOMY*2*Worksheet: Objectives of Government Macroeconomic Policy*4*Aggregate demand curve*4* *4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4* *4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4* *4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4* - UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Research and development spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4* *4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4* *4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4* *4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic and social costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4* *4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4* *4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4* *4*Remedies for a balance of payments disequilibrium.*4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side*4**1*UNIT 4 - INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS*2*The birth and growth of firms. The motives and methods of growth*4*Costs*4*Revenue.*4*Profit.*4*Alternative motives for firms and links*4*Short run and long run.*4*Diminishing Marginal Returns and Economies of scale.*4*Perfect competition*4*Monopoly*4*Monopolistic competition*4*Game theory*4*Oligopoly*4*Cartels*4*Comparing efficiency between the market structures.*4*Monopoly And The Public Interest*4*Measures of market concentration*4*Price discrimination in monopoly*4*Pricing and non-pricing strategies*4*Contestable markets*4*Competition policy*4*Regulation of privatised industries*4**1*UNIT 5 - ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT*2*Absolute and relative poverty*4*The causes of economic growth in developing countries.*4*The significance of economic growth for development*4*Differences between developing countries.*4*The costs of economic growth. *4*Constraints on economic growth. *4*Development strategies. The development of particular sectors of the economy.*4*Sources of external finance.*1*UNIT 6 - THE UK IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY*2*Globalisation.*4*International exchange.*4*Types of trading blocs*4*Examples of trading blocs*4*Types of trade protectionism.*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*Sources of possible conflict between trading blocs*4*The Common Agricultural Policy*4*The World Trade Organisation (WTO).*4*International competitiveness.*4*The UKs changing international competitive situation.*4*Balance of payments *4*Remedies for a balance of payments disequilibrium.*4*Exchange rate systems.*4*What Determines The Value Of An Exchange Rate*4*European Monetary Union.*4*Inward foreign direct investment by MNCs.*4*Public expenditure*4*Unemployment*4*Inflation*4*Real output and the NAIRU (Phillips Curve).*1*MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (ESSENTIAL FOR UNITS 1 AND 4)*2*Unit 1 -  Markets - how they work (essential learning)*4*Unit 2 -  Markets - why they fail*4*Unit 3 -  Managing the economy*4*Links to other on-line quizzes and tests','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_/_e_d_e_x_i_n_d_e_x_._h_t_m','_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_ _h_ _p_l_u_s','','_1','','_1','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','_E_d_e_x_c_e_l_ _-_ _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _s_i_t_e_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_a_c_h_e_r_s_ _o_f_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_ _(_l_i_m_i_t_e_d_ _n_u_m_b_e_r_ _o_f_ _w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_s_)_,_ _m_u_l_t_i_p_l_e_ _c_h_o_i_c_e_ _t_e_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _w_e_b_s_i_t_e_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_ _-_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_S_:_ _H_O_W_ _T_H_E_Y_ _W_O_R_K_*_2_*_G_l_o_s_s_a_r_y_ _o_f_ _t_e_r_m_s_*_4_*_P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _N_o_r_m_a_t_i_v_e_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_*_4_*_F_a_c_t_o_r_s_ _o_f_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_c_a_r_c_i_t_y_*_4_*_O_p_p_o_r_t_u_n_i_t_y_ _C_o_s_t_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_s_s_i_b_i_l_i_t_y_ _F_r_o_n_t_i_e_r_ _(_P_P_F_)_*_4_*_S_p_e_c_i_a_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_h_e_ _D_i_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _o_f_ _L_a_b_o_u_r_*_4_*_S_h_o_r_t_ _R_u_n_ _a_n_d_ _L_o_n_g_ _R_u_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _S_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_a_r_a_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _A_b_s_o_l_u_t_e_ _A_d_v_a_n_t_a_g_e_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _f_o_r_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _o_f_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_ _P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_L_a_b_o_u_r_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_ _H_o_u_s_i_n_g_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_ _(_M_o_n_e_y_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_)_*_4_*_E_n_t_r_y_ _a_n_d_ _E_x_i_t_ _o_f_ _F_i_r_m_s_*_4_*_M_i_n_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_ _M_a_x_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_ _A_g_r_i_c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_ _I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _S_y_s_t_e_m_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_S_:_ _W_H_Y_ _T_H_E_Y_ _F_A_I_L_*_2_*_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_r_i_v_a_t_e_ _a_n_d_ _s_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_ _a_n_d_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_g_a_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _s_p_i_l_l_o_v_e_r_s_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _-_ _c_o_r_r_e_c_t_i_n_g_ _f_o_r_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _r_e_g_u_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _E_x_t_e_n_d_i_n_g_ _p_r_o_p_e_r_t_y_ _r_i_g_h_t_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _T_h_e_ _c_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_ _l_e_v_y_*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_a_s_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_e_m_*_4_*_ _-_ _L_a_n_d_f_i_l_l_ _t_a_x_*_4_*_-_ _K_y_o_t_o_ _t_r_e_a_t_y_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_e_d_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _C_o_n_v_e_n_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_:_ _c_a_s_e_ _S_t_u_d_y_ _w_i_t_h_ _Q_u_e_s_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_-_ _A_l_a_s_k_a_n_s_ _f_a_c_e_ _t_h_a_w_*_4_*_-_ _C_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _C_r_i_s_i_s_:_ _A_l_l_ _C_h_a_n_g_e_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_M_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _g_o_o_d_s_ _t_a_s_k_*_4_*_ _P_u_b_l_i_c_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_ _C_o_s_t_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_ _A_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_ _(_C_B_A_)_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _E_n_t_r_y_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_e_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _3_ _-_ _M_A_N_A_G_I_N_G_ _T_H_E_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_Y_*_2_*_W_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_:_ _O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_ _o_f_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _M_a_c_r_o_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _P_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _c_u_r_v_e_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_-_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_ _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_ _r_a_t_i_o_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _c_o_n_f_i_d_e_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _W_e_a_l_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_-_ _F_r_i_e_d_m_a_n_s_ _p_e_r_m_a_n_e_n_t_ _i_n_c_o_m_e_ _h_y_p_o_t_h_e_s_i_s_*_4_*_*_4_*_I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_s_s_ _a_n_d_ _n_e_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _W_h_y_ _d_o_ _f_i_r_m_s_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_*_4_*_ _-_ _U_K_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _I_n_ _A_n_ _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _C_o_n_t_e_x_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _M_a_r_g_i_n_a_l_ _E_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _T_h_e_ _K_e_y_n_e_s_i_a_n_ _T_h_e_o_r_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _a_c_c_e_l_e_r_a_t_o_r_*_4_*_-_ _R_e_c_e_n_t_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _I_n_ _T_h_e_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _O_f_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _A_n_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _S_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _R_e_s_e_a_r_c_h_ _a_n_d_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_ _s_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _b_a_s_e_*_4_*_-_ _D_i_r_e_c_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _i_n_t_o_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_w_a_r_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _R_e_g_i_o_n_a_l_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _P_r_o_b_l_e_m_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _s_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _b_o_r_r_o_w_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_b_t_*_4_*_E_x_p_o_r_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _I_m_p_o_r_t_s_*_4_*_O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _m_a_c_r_o_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _p_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _i_t_s_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_a_r_y_ _g_a_p_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_ _l_a_b_o_u_r_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_r_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _D_e_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _f_i_g_u_r_e_s_ _(_E_x_c_e_l_ _s_p_r_e_a_d_s_h_e_e_t_)_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _M_e_a_s_u_r_i_n_g_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _a_n_d_ _s_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _r_e_d_u_c_e_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _C_h_a_n_g_i_n_g_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _F_u_l_l_ _e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_u_r_a_l_ _r_a_t_e_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _N_A_I_R_U_*_4_*_-_ _J_o_b_ _v_a_c_a_n_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _L_o_n_g_ _t_e_r_m_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_w_ _D_e_a_l_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_m_e_n_t_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_o_r_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _r_e_s_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_o_n_g_ _r_u_n_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _j_o_b_s_*_4_*_-_ _U_S_A_ _a_ _m_o_d_e_l_ _t_o_ _f_o_l_l_o_w_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e_ _o_f_ _o_u_t_p_u_t_ _i_n_ _a_n_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_B_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _U_K_s_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _m_u_s_t_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_n_ _a_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_y_ _s_a_f_e_l_y_ _i_g_n_o_r_e_ _a_ _p_e_r_s_i_s_t_e_n_t_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_ _d_e_f_i_c_i_t_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_R_e_m_e_d_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _a_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _d_i_s_e_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_._*_4_*_C_o_n_f_l_i_c_t_s_ _B_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _M_a_c_r_o_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_*_4_*_D_e_m_a_n_d_ _m_a_n_a_g_e_m_e_n_t_ _o_r_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_ _s_i_d_e_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _I_N_D_U_S_T_R_I_A_L_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_S_*_2_*_T_h_e_ _b_i_r_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _o_f_ _f_i_r_m_s_._ _T_h_e_ _m_o_t_i_v_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _m_e_t_h_o_d_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_R_e_v_e_n_u_e_._*_4_*_P_r_o_f_i_t_._*_4_*_A_l_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_v_e_ _m_o_t_i_v_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _f_i_r_m_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_S_h_o_r_t_ _r_u_n_ _a_n_d_ _l_o_n_g_ _r_u_n_._*_4_*_D_i_m_i_n_i_s_h_i_n_g_ _M_a_r_g_i_n_a_l_ _R_e_t_u_r_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _s_c_a_l_e_._*_4_*_P_e_r_f_e_c_t_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_s_t_i_c_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_G_a_m_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_y_*_4_*_O_l_i_g_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_C_a_r_t_e_l_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_a_r_i_n_g_ _e_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_ _b_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _t_h_e_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e_s_._*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _P_u_b_l_i_c_ _I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_*_4_*_M_e_a_s_u_r_e_s_ _o_f_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _c_o_n_c_e_n_t_r_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _d_i_s_c_r_i_m_i_n_a_t_i_o_n_ _i_n_ _m_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _a_n_d_ _n_o_n_-_p_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_*_4_*_C_o_n_t_e_s_t_a_b_l_e_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_ _p_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_R_e_g_u_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _o_f_ _p_r_i_v_a_t_i_s_e_d_ _i_n_d_u_s_t_r_i_e_s_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _5_ _-_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_ _D_E_V_E_L_O_P_M_E_N_T_*_2_*_A_b_s_o_l_u_t_e_ _a_n_d_ _r_e_l_a_t_i_v_e_ _p_o_v_e_r_t_y_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _i_n_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_i_n_g_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_i_e_s_._*_4_*_T_h_e_ _s_i_g_n_i_f_i_c_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _f_o_r_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_e_r_e_n_c_e_s_ _b_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_i_n_g_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_i_e_s_._*_4_*_T_h_e_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_._ _*_4_*_C_o_n_s_t_r_a_i_n_t_s_ _o_n_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_._ _*_4_*_D_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_._ _T_h_e_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_ _o_f_ _p_a_r_t_i_c_u_l_a_r_ _s_e_c_t_o_r_s_ _o_f_ _t_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_._*_4_*_S_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _o_f_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _f_i_n_a_n_c_e_._*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _6_ _-_ _T_H_E_ _U_K_ _I_N_ _A_ _G_L_O_B_A_L_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_Y_*_2_*_G_l_o_b_a_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_._*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _e_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_._*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_._*_4_*_R_e_a_s_o_n_s_ _f_o_r_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _c_r_e_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _d_i_v_e_r_s_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _o_f_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _c_o_n_f_l_i_c_t_ _b_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _C_o_m_m_o_n_ _A_g_r_i_c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _P_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _W_o_r_l_d_ _T_r_a_d_e_ _O_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_ _(_W_T_O_)_._*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_v_e_n_e_s_s_._*_4_*_T_h_e_ _U_K_s_ _c_h_a_n_g_i_n_g_ _i_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_v_e_ _s_i_t_u_a_t_i_o_n_._*_4_*_B_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _*_4_*_R_e_m_e_d_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _a_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _d_i_s_e_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_._*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_ _s_y_s_t_e_m_s_._*_4_*_W_h_a_t_ _D_e_t_e_r_m_i_n_e_s_ _T_h_e_ _V_a_l_u_e_ _O_f_ _A_n_ _E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _R_a_t_e_*_4_*_E_u_r_o_p_e_a_n_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _U_n_i_o_n_._*_4_*_I_n_w_a_r_d_ _f_o_r_e_i_g_n_ _d_i_r_e_c_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _b_y_ _M_N_C_s_._*_4_*_P_u_b_l_i_c_ _e_x_p_e_n_d_i_t_u_r_e_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_e_a_l_ _o_u_t_p_u_t_ _a_n_d_ _t_h_e_ _N_A_I_R_U_ _(_P_h_i_l_l_i_p_s_ _C_u_r_v_e_)_._*_1_*_M_U_L_T_I_P_L_E_ _C_H_O_I_C_E_ _Q_U_E_S_T_I_O_N_S_ _(_E_S_S_E_N_T_I_A_L_ _F_O_R_ _U_N_I_T_S_ _1_ _A_N_D_ _4_)_*_2_*_U_n_i_t_ _1_ _-_ _ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_ _-_ _h_o_w_ _t_h_e_y_ _w_o_r_k_ _(_e_s_s_e_n_t_i_a_l_ _l_e_a_r_n_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_U_n_i_t_ _2_ _-_ _ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_ _-_ _w_h_y_ _t_h_e_y_ _f_a_i_l_*_4_*_U_n_i_t_ _3_ _-_ _ _M_a_n_a_g_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_*_4_*_L_i_n_k_s_ _t_o_ _o_t_h_e_r_ _o_n_-_l_i_n_e_ _q_u_i_z_z_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _t_e_s_t_s','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5476,'82.8.167.110','1275213785','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/economics/edexindex.htm','economics','gcse','economics','Sunday  11:04  30/05/10','1','0','1','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','Edexcel - revision site for teachers of Economics (limited number of worksheets), multiple choice tests and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - MARKETS: HOW THEY WORK*2*Glossary of terms*4*Positive and Normative Economics*4*Factors of Production*4*Scarcity*4*Opportunity Cost*4*The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)*4*Specialisation and the Division of Labour*4*Short Run and Long Run*4*Economies of Scale*4*Comparative and Absolute Advantage and links*4*The Demand for Goods and Services and links*4*The Supply of Goods and Services*4*The Equilibrium of Demand and Supply and links*4*Consumer Surplus*4*Producer Surplus*4* Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Income Elasticity of Demand*4*Cross Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Price Elasticity of Supply*4*Labour Markets*4* Housing Markets*4*Exchange rates (Money Markets)*4*Entry and Exit of Firms*4*Minimum Prices*4* Maximum Prices*4* Agricultural Markets*4* Indirect Taxes*4*Indirect Subsidies*4*Economic Systems*1*UNIT 2 - MARKETS: WHY THEY FAIL*2**4* *4*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4* - Positive externalities*4* - Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4* *4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4* - Pollution regulation*4* - Extending property rights*4* - Marketable pollution permits*4* - The climate change levy*4* - Coase theorem*4* - Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits: case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis: All Change in the UK*4* *4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4* Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4* Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*4*Monopolies*1*UNIT 3 - MANAGING THE ECONOMY*2*Worksheet: Objectives of Government Macroeconomic Policy*4*Aggregate demand curve*4* *4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4* *4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4* *4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4* - UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Research and development spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4* *4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4* *4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4* *4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic and social costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4* *4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4* *4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4* *4*Remedies for a balance of payments disequilibrium.*4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side*4**1*UNIT 4 - INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS*2*The birth and growth of firms. The motives and methods of growth*4*Costs*4*Revenue.*4*Profit.*4*Alternative motives for firms and links*4*Short run and long run.*4*Diminishing Marginal Returns and Economies of scale.*4*Perfect competition*4*Monopoly*4*Monopolistic competition*4*Game theory*4*Oligopoly*4*Cartels*4*Comparing efficiency between the market structures.*4*Monopoly And The Public Interest*4*Measures of market concentration*4*Price discrimination in monopoly*4*Pricing and non-pricing strategies*4*Contestable markets*4*Competition policy*4*Regulation of privatised industries*4**1*UNIT 5 - ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT*2*Absolute and relative poverty*4*The causes of economic growth in developing countries.*4*The significance of economic growth for development*4*Differences between developing countries.*4*The costs of economic growth. *4*Constraints on economic growth. *4*Development strategies. The development of particular sectors of the economy.*4*Sources of external finance.*1*UNIT 6 - THE UK IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY*2*Globalisation.*4*International exchange.*4*Types of trading blocs*4*Examples of trading blocs*4*Types of trade protectionism.*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*Sources of possible conflict between trading blocs*4*The Common Agricultural Policy*4*The World Trade Organisation (WTO).*4*International competitiveness.*4*The UKs changing international competitive situation.*4*Balance of payments *4*Remedies for a balance of payments disequilibrium.*4*Exchange rate systems.*4*What Determines The Value Of An Exchange Rate*4*European Monetary Union.*4*Inward foreign direct investment by MNCs.*4*Public expenditure*4*Unemployment*4*Inflation*4*Real output and the NAIRU (Phillips Curve).*1*MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (ESSENTIAL FOR UNITS 1 AND 4)*2*Unit 1 -  Markets - how they work (essential learning)*4*Unit 2 -  Markets - why they fail*4*Unit 3 -  Managing the economy*4*Links to other on-line quizzes and tests','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_/_e_d_e_x_i_n_d_e_x_._h_t_m','_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_ _h_ _p_l_u_s','','_1','','_1','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','_E_d_e_x_c_e_l_ _-_ _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _s_i_t_e_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_a_c_h_e_r_s_ _o_f_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_ _(_l_i_m_i_t_e_d_ _n_u_m_b_e_r_ _o_f_ _w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_s_)_,_ _m_u_l_t_i_p_l_e_ _c_h_o_i_c_e_ _t_e_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _w_e_b_s_i_t_e_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_ _-_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_S_:_ _H_O_W_ _T_H_E_Y_ _W_O_R_K_*_2_*_G_l_o_s_s_a_r_y_ _o_f_ _t_e_r_m_s_*_4_*_P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _N_o_r_m_a_t_i_v_e_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_*_4_*_F_a_c_t_o_r_s_ _o_f_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_c_a_r_c_i_t_y_*_4_*_O_p_p_o_r_t_u_n_i_t_y_ _C_o_s_t_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_s_s_i_b_i_l_i_t_y_ _F_r_o_n_t_i_e_r_ _(_P_P_F_)_*_4_*_S_p_e_c_i_a_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_h_e_ _D_i_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _o_f_ _L_a_b_o_u_r_*_4_*_S_h_o_r_t_ _R_u_n_ _a_n_d_ _L_o_n_g_ _R_u_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _S_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_a_r_a_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _A_b_s_o_l_u_t_e_ _A_d_v_a_n_t_a_g_e_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _f_o_r_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _o_f_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_ _P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_L_a_b_o_u_r_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_ _H_o_u_s_i_n_g_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_ _(_M_o_n_e_y_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_)_*_4_*_E_n_t_r_y_ _a_n_d_ _E_x_i_t_ _o_f_ _F_i_r_m_s_*_4_*_M_i_n_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_ _M_a_x_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_ _A_g_r_i_c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_ _I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _S_y_s_t_e_m_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_S_:_ _W_H_Y_ _T_H_E_Y_ _F_A_I_L_*_2_*_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_r_i_v_a_t_e_ _a_n_d_ _s_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_ _a_n_d_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_g_a_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _s_p_i_l_l_o_v_e_r_s_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _-_ _c_o_r_r_e_c_t_i_n_g_ _f_o_r_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _r_e_g_u_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _E_x_t_e_n_d_i_n_g_ _p_r_o_p_e_r_t_y_ _r_i_g_h_t_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _T_h_e_ _c_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_ _l_e_v_y_*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_a_s_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_e_m_*_4_*_ _-_ _L_a_n_d_f_i_l_l_ _t_a_x_*_4_*_-_ _K_y_o_t_o_ _t_r_e_a_t_y_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_e_d_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _C_o_n_v_e_n_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_:_ _c_a_s_e_ _S_t_u_d_y_ _w_i_t_h_ _Q_u_e_s_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_-_ _A_l_a_s_k_a_n_s_ _f_a_c_e_ _t_h_a_w_*_4_*_-_ _C_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _C_r_i_s_i_s_:_ _A_l_l_ _C_h_a_n_g_e_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_M_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _g_o_o_d_s_ _t_a_s_k_*_4_*_ _P_u_b_l_i_c_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_ _C_o_s_t_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_ _A_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_ _(_C_B_A_)_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _E_n_t_r_y_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_e_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _3_ _-_ _M_A_N_A_G_I_N_G_ _T_H_E_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_Y_*_2_*_W_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_:_ _O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_ _o_f_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _M_a_c_r_o_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _P_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _c_u_r_v_e_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_-_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_ _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_ _r_a_t_i_o_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _c_o_n_f_i_d_e_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _W_e_a_l_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_-_ _F_r_i_e_d_m_a_n_s_ _p_e_r_m_a_n_e_n_t_ _i_n_c_o_m_e_ _h_y_p_o_t_h_e_s_i_s_*_4_*_*_4_*_I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_s_s_ _a_n_d_ _n_e_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _W_h_y_ _d_o_ _f_i_r_m_s_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_*_4_*_ _-_ _U_K_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _I_n_ _A_n_ _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _C_o_n_t_e_x_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _M_a_r_g_i_n_a_l_ _E_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _T_h_e_ _K_e_y_n_e_s_i_a_n_ _T_h_e_o_r_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _a_c_c_e_l_e_r_a_t_o_r_*_4_*_-_ _R_e_c_e_n_t_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _I_n_ _T_h_e_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _O_f_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _A_n_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _S_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _R_e_s_e_a_r_c_h_ _a_n_d_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_ _s_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _b_a_s_e_*_4_*_-_ _D_i_r_e_c_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _i_n_t_o_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_w_a_r_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _R_e_g_i_o_n_a_l_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _P_r_o_b_l_e_m_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _s_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _b_o_r_r_o_w_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_b_t_*_4_*_E_x_p_o_r_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _I_m_p_o_r_t_s_*_4_*_O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _m_a_c_r_o_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _p_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _i_t_s_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_a_r_y_ _g_a_p_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_ _l_a_b_o_u_r_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_r_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _D_e_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _f_i_g_u_r_e_s_ _(_E_x_c_e_l_ _s_p_r_e_a_d_s_h_e_e_t_)_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _M_e_a_s_u_r_i_n_g_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _a_n_d_ _s_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _r_e_d_u_c_e_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _C_h_a_n_g_i_n_g_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _F_u_l_l_ _e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_u_r_a_l_ _r_a_t_e_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _N_A_I_R_U_*_4_*_-_ _J_o_b_ _v_a_c_a_n_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _L_o_n_g_ _t_e_r_m_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_w_ _D_e_a_l_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_m_e_n_t_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_o_r_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _r_e_s_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_o_n_g_ _r_u_n_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _j_o_b_s_*_4_*_-_ _U_S_A_ _a_ _m_o_d_e_l_ _t_o_ _f_o_l_l_o_w_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e_ _o_f_ _o_u_t_p_u_t_ _i_n_ _a_n_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_B_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _U_K_s_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _m_u_s_t_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_n_ _a_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_y_ _s_a_f_e_l_y_ _i_g_n_o_r_e_ _a_ _p_e_r_s_i_s_t_e_n_t_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_ _d_e_f_i_c_i_t_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_R_e_m_e_d_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _a_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _d_i_s_e_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_._*_4_*_C_o_n_f_l_i_c_t_s_ _B_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _M_a_c_r_o_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_*_4_*_D_e_m_a_n_d_ _m_a_n_a_g_e_m_e_n_t_ _o_r_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_ _s_i_d_e_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _I_N_D_U_S_T_R_I_A_L_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_S_*_2_*_T_h_e_ _b_i_r_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _o_f_ _f_i_r_m_s_._ _T_h_e_ _m_o_t_i_v_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _m_e_t_h_o_d_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_R_e_v_e_n_u_e_._*_4_*_P_r_o_f_i_t_._*_4_*_A_l_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_v_e_ _m_o_t_i_v_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _f_i_r_m_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_S_h_o_r_t_ _r_u_n_ _a_n_d_ _l_o_n_g_ _r_u_n_._*_4_*_D_i_m_i_n_i_s_h_i_n_g_ _M_a_r_g_i_n_a_l_ _R_e_t_u_r_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _s_c_a_l_e_._*_4_*_P_e_r_f_e_c_t_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_s_t_i_c_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_G_a_m_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_y_*_4_*_O_l_i_g_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_C_a_r_t_e_l_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_a_r_i_n_g_ _e_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_ _b_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _t_h_e_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e_s_._*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _P_u_b_l_i_c_ _I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_*_4_*_M_e_a_s_u_r_e_s_ _o_f_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _c_o_n_c_e_n_t_r_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _d_i_s_c_r_i_m_i_n_a_t_i_o_n_ _i_n_ _m_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _a_n_d_ _n_o_n_-_p_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_*_4_*_C_o_n_t_e_s_t_a_b_l_e_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_ _p_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_R_e_g_u_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _o_f_ _p_r_i_v_a_t_i_s_e_d_ _i_n_d_u_s_t_r_i_e_s_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _5_ _-_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_ _D_E_V_E_L_O_P_M_E_N_T_*_2_*_A_b_s_o_l_u_t_e_ _a_n_d_ _r_e_l_a_t_i_v_e_ _p_o_v_e_r_t_y_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _i_n_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_i_n_g_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_i_e_s_._*_4_*_T_h_e_ _s_i_g_n_i_f_i_c_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _f_o_r_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_e_r_e_n_c_e_s_ _b_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_i_n_g_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_i_e_s_._*_4_*_T_h_e_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_._ _*_4_*_C_o_n_s_t_r_a_i_n_t_s_ _o_n_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_._ _*_4_*_D_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_._ _T_h_e_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_ _o_f_ _p_a_r_t_i_c_u_l_a_r_ _s_e_c_t_o_r_s_ _o_f_ _t_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_._*_4_*_S_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _o_f_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _f_i_n_a_n_c_e_._*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _6_ _-_ _T_H_E_ _U_K_ _I_N_ _A_ _G_L_O_B_A_L_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_Y_*_2_*_G_l_o_b_a_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_._*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _e_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_._*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_._*_4_*_R_e_a_s_o_n_s_ _f_o_r_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _c_r_e_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _d_i_v_e_r_s_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _o_f_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _c_o_n_f_l_i_c_t_ _b_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _C_o_m_m_o_n_ _A_g_r_i_c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _P_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _W_o_r_l_d_ _T_r_a_d_e_ _O_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_ _(_W_T_O_)_._*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_v_e_n_e_s_s_._*_4_*_T_h_e_ _U_K_s_ _c_h_a_n_g_i_n_g_ _i_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_v_e_ _s_i_t_u_a_t_i_o_n_._*_4_*_B_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _*_4_*_R_e_m_e_d_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _a_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _d_i_s_e_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_._*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_ _s_y_s_t_e_m_s_._*_4_*_W_h_a_t_ _D_e_t_e_r_m_i_n_e_s_ _T_h_e_ _V_a_l_u_e_ _O_f_ _A_n_ _E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _R_a_t_e_*_4_*_E_u_r_o_p_e_a_n_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _U_n_i_o_n_._*_4_*_I_n_w_a_r_d_ _f_o_r_e_i_g_n_ _d_i_r_e_c_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _b_y_ _M_N_C_s_._*_4_*_P_u_b_l_i_c_ _e_x_p_e_n_d_i_t_u_r_e_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_e_a_l_ _o_u_t_p_u_t_ _a_n_d_ _t_h_e_ _N_A_I_R_U_ _(_P_h_i_l_l_i_p_s_ _C_u_r_v_e_)_._*_1_*_M_U_L_T_I_P_L_E_ _C_H_O_I_C_E_ _Q_U_E_S_T_I_O_N_S_ _(_E_S_S_E_N_T_I_A_L_ _F_O_R_ _U_N_I_T_S_ _1_ _A_N_D_ _4_)_*_2_*_U_n_i_t_ _1_ _-_ _ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_ _-_ _h_o_w_ _t_h_e_y_ _w_o_r_k_ _(_e_s_s_e_n_t_i_a_l_ _l_e_a_r_n_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_U_n_i_t_ _2_ _-_ _ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_ _-_ _w_h_y_ _t_h_e_y_ _f_a_i_l_*_4_*_U_n_i_t_ _3_ _-_ _ _M_a_n_a_g_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_*_4_*_L_i_n_k_s_ _t_o_ _o_t_h_e_r_ _o_n_-_l_i_n_e_ _q_u_i_z_z_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _t_e_s_t_s','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5477,'82.8.167.110','1275213785','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/economics/edexindex.htm','economics','a level','economics','Sunday  11:04  30/05/10','1','0','1','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','Edexcel - revision site for teachers of Economics (limited number of worksheets), multiple choice tests and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - MARKETS: HOW THEY WORK*2*Glossary of terms*4*Positive and Normative Economics*4*Factors of Production*4*Scarcity*4*Opportunity Cost*4*The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)*4*Specialisation and the Division of Labour*4*Short Run and Long Run*4*Economies of Scale*4*Comparative and Absolute Advantage and links*4*The Demand for Goods and Services and links*4*The Supply of Goods and Services*4*The Equilibrium of Demand and Supply and links*4*Consumer Surplus*4*Producer Surplus*4* Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Income Elasticity of Demand*4*Cross Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Price Elasticity of Supply*4*Labour Markets*4* Housing Markets*4*Exchange rates (Money Markets)*4*Entry and Exit of Firms*4*Minimum Prices*4* Maximum Prices*4* Agricultural Markets*4* Indirect Taxes*4*Indirect Subsidies*4*Economic Systems*1*UNIT 2 - MARKETS: WHY THEY FAIL*2**4* *4*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4* - Positive externalities*4* - Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4* *4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4* - Pollution regulation*4* - Extending property rights*4* - Marketable pollution permits*4* - The climate change levy*4* - Coase theorem*4* - Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits: case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis: All Change in the UK*4* *4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4* Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4* Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*4*Monopolies*1*UNIT 3 - MANAGING THE ECONOMY*2*Worksheet: Objectives of Government Macroeconomic Policy*4*Aggregate demand curve*4* *4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4* *4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4* *4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4* - UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Research and development spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4* *4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4* *4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4* *4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic and social costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4* *4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4* *4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4* *4*Remedies for a balance of payments disequilibrium.*4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side*4**1*UNIT 4 - INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS*2*The birth and growth of firms. The motives and methods of growth*4*Costs*4*Revenue.*4*Profit.*4*Alternative motives for firms and links*4*Short run and long run.*4*Diminishing Marginal Returns and Economies of scale.*4*Perfect competition*4*Monopoly*4*Monopolistic competition*4*Game theory*4*Oligopoly*4*Cartels*4*Comparing efficiency between the market structures.*4*Monopoly And The Public Interest*4*Measures of market concentration*4*Price discrimination in monopoly*4*Pricing and non-pricing strategies*4*Contestable markets*4*Competition policy*4*Regulation of privatised industries*4**1*UNIT 5 - ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT*2*Absolute and relative poverty*4*The causes of economic growth in developing countries.*4*The significance of economic growth for development*4*Differences between developing countries.*4*The costs of economic growth. *4*Constraints on economic growth. *4*Development strategies. The development of particular sectors of the economy.*4*Sources of external finance.*1*UNIT 6 - THE UK IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY*2*Globalisation.*4*International exchange.*4*Types of trading blocs*4*Examples of trading blocs*4*Types of trade protectionism.*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*Sources of possible conflict between trading blocs*4*The Common Agricultural Policy*4*The World Trade Organisation (WTO).*4*International competitiveness.*4*The UKs changing international competitive situation.*4*Balance of payments *4*Remedies for a balance of payments disequilibrium.*4*Exchange rate systems.*4*What Determines The Value Of An Exchange Rate*4*European Monetary Union.*4*Inward foreign direct investment by MNCs.*4*Public expenditure*4*Unemployment*4*Inflation*4*Real output and the NAIRU (Phillips Curve).*1*MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (ESSENTIAL FOR UNITS 1 AND 4)*2*Unit 1 -  Markets - how they work (essential learning)*4*Unit 2 -  Markets - why they fail*4*Unit 3 -  Managing the economy*4*Links to other on-line quizzes and tests','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_/_e_d_e_x_i_n_d_e_x_._h_t_m','_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_ _h_ _p_l_u_s','','_1','','_1','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','_E_d_e_x_c_e_l_ _-_ _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _s_i_t_e_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_a_c_h_e_r_s_ _o_f_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_ _(_l_i_m_i_t_e_d_ _n_u_m_b_e_r_ _o_f_ _w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_s_)_,_ _m_u_l_t_i_p_l_e_ _c_h_o_i_c_e_ _t_e_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _w_e_b_s_i_t_e_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_ _-_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_S_:_ _H_O_W_ _T_H_E_Y_ _W_O_R_K_*_2_*_G_l_o_s_s_a_r_y_ _o_f_ _t_e_r_m_s_*_4_*_P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _N_o_r_m_a_t_i_v_e_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_*_4_*_F_a_c_t_o_r_s_ _o_f_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_c_a_r_c_i_t_y_*_4_*_O_p_p_o_r_t_u_n_i_t_y_ _C_o_s_t_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_s_s_i_b_i_l_i_t_y_ _F_r_o_n_t_i_e_r_ _(_P_P_F_)_*_4_*_S_p_e_c_i_a_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_h_e_ _D_i_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _o_f_ _L_a_b_o_u_r_*_4_*_S_h_o_r_t_ _R_u_n_ _a_n_d_ _L_o_n_g_ _R_u_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _S_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_a_r_a_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _A_b_s_o_l_u_t_e_ _A_d_v_a_n_t_a_g_e_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _f_o_r_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _o_f_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_ _P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_L_a_b_o_u_r_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_ _H_o_u_s_i_n_g_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_ _(_M_o_n_e_y_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_)_*_4_*_E_n_t_r_y_ _a_n_d_ _E_x_i_t_ _o_f_ _F_i_r_m_s_*_4_*_M_i_n_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_ _M_a_x_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_ _A_g_r_i_c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_ _I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _S_y_s_t_e_m_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_S_:_ _W_H_Y_ _T_H_E_Y_ _F_A_I_L_*_2_*_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_r_i_v_a_t_e_ _a_n_d_ _s_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_ _a_n_d_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_g_a_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _s_p_i_l_l_o_v_e_r_s_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _-_ _c_o_r_r_e_c_t_i_n_g_ _f_o_r_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _r_e_g_u_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _E_x_t_e_n_d_i_n_g_ _p_r_o_p_e_r_t_y_ _r_i_g_h_t_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _T_h_e_ _c_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_ _l_e_v_y_*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_a_s_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_e_m_*_4_*_ _-_ _L_a_n_d_f_i_l_l_ _t_a_x_*_4_*_-_ _K_y_o_t_o_ _t_r_e_a_t_y_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_e_d_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _C_o_n_v_e_n_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_:_ _c_a_s_e_ _S_t_u_d_y_ _w_i_t_h_ _Q_u_e_s_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_-_ _A_l_a_s_k_a_n_s_ _f_a_c_e_ _t_h_a_w_*_4_*_-_ _C_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _C_r_i_s_i_s_:_ _A_l_l_ _C_h_a_n_g_e_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_M_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _g_o_o_d_s_ _t_a_s_k_*_4_*_ _P_u_b_l_i_c_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_ _C_o_s_t_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_ _A_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_ _(_C_B_A_)_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _E_n_t_r_y_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_e_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _3_ _-_ _M_A_N_A_G_I_N_G_ _T_H_E_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_Y_*_2_*_W_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_:_ _O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_ _o_f_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _M_a_c_r_o_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _P_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _c_u_r_v_e_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_-_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_ _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_ _r_a_t_i_o_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _c_o_n_f_i_d_e_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _W_e_a_l_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_-_ _F_r_i_e_d_m_a_n_s_ _p_e_r_m_a_n_e_n_t_ _i_n_c_o_m_e_ _h_y_p_o_t_h_e_s_i_s_*_4_*_*_4_*_I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_s_s_ _a_n_d_ _n_e_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _W_h_y_ _d_o_ _f_i_r_m_s_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_*_4_*_ _-_ _U_K_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _I_n_ _A_n_ _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _C_o_n_t_e_x_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _M_a_r_g_i_n_a_l_ _E_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _T_h_e_ _K_e_y_n_e_s_i_a_n_ _T_h_e_o_r_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _a_c_c_e_l_e_r_a_t_o_r_*_4_*_-_ _R_e_c_e_n_t_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _I_n_ _T_h_e_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _O_f_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _A_n_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _S_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _R_e_s_e_a_r_c_h_ _a_n_d_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_ _s_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _b_a_s_e_*_4_*_-_ _D_i_r_e_c_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _i_n_t_o_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_w_a_r_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _R_e_g_i_o_n_a_l_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _P_r_o_b_l_e_m_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _s_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _b_o_r_r_o_w_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_b_t_*_4_*_E_x_p_o_r_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _I_m_p_o_r_t_s_*_4_*_O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _m_a_c_r_o_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _p_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _i_t_s_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_a_r_y_ _g_a_p_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_ _l_a_b_o_u_r_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_r_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _D_e_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _f_i_g_u_r_e_s_ _(_E_x_c_e_l_ _s_p_r_e_a_d_s_h_e_e_t_)_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _M_e_a_s_u_r_i_n_g_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _a_n_d_ _s_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _r_e_d_u_c_e_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _C_h_a_n_g_i_n_g_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _F_u_l_l_ _e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_u_r_a_l_ _r_a_t_e_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _N_A_I_R_U_*_4_*_-_ _J_o_b_ _v_a_c_a_n_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _L_o_n_g_ _t_e_r_m_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_w_ _D_e_a_l_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_m_e_n_t_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_o_r_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _r_e_s_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_o_n_g_ _r_u_n_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _j_o_b_s_*_4_*_-_ _U_S_A_ _a_ _m_o_d_e_l_ _t_o_ _f_o_l_l_o_w_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e_ _o_f_ _o_u_t_p_u_t_ _i_n_ _a_n_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_B_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _U_K_s_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _m_u_s_t_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_n_ _a_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_y_ _s_a_f_e_l_y_ _i_g_n_o_r_e_ _a_ _p_e_r_s_i_s_t_e_n_t_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_ _d_e_f_i_c_i_t_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_R_e_m_e_d_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _a_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _d_i_s_e_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_._*_4_*_C_o_n_f_l_i_c_t_s_ _B_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _M_a_c_r_o_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_*_4_*_D_e_m_a_n_d_ _m_a_n_a_g_e_m_e_n_t_ _o_r_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_ _s_i_d_e_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _I_N_D_U_S_T_R_I_A_L_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_S_*_2_*_T_h_e_ _b_i_r_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _o_f_ _f_i_r_m_s_._ _T_h_e_ _m_o_t_i_v_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _m_e_t_h_o_d_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_R_e_v_e_n_u_e_._*_4_*_P_r_o_f_i_t_._*_4_*_A_l_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_v_e_ _m_o_t_i_v_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _f_i_r_m_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_S_h_o_r_t_ _r_u_n_ _a_n_d_ _l_o_n_g_ _r_u_n_._*_4_*_D_i_m_i_n_i_s_h_i_n_g_ _M_a_r_g_i_n_a_l_ _R_e_t_u_r_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _s_c_a_l_e_._*_4_*_P_e_r_f_e_c_t_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_s_t_i_c_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_G_a_m_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_y_*_4_*_O_l_i_g_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_C_a_r_t_e_l_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_a_r_i_n_g_ _e_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_ _b_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _t_h_e_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e_s_._*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _P_u_b_l_i_c_ _I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_*_4_*_M_e_a_s_u_r_e_s_ _o_f_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _c_o_n_c_e_n_t_r_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _d_i_s_c_r_i_m_i_n_a_t_i_o_n_ _i_n_ _m_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _a_n_d_ _n_o_n_-_p_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_*_4_*_C_o_n_t_e_s_t_a_b_l_e_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_ _p_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_R_e_g_u_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _o_f_ _p_r_i_v_a_t_i_s_e_d_ _i_n_d_u_s_t_r_i_e_s_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _5_ _-_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_ _D_E_V_E_L_O_P_M_E_N_T_*_2_*_A_b_s_o_l_u_t_e_ _a_n_d_ _r_e_l_a_t_i_v_e_ _p_o_v_e_r_t_y_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _i_n_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_i_n_g_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_i_e_s_._*_4_*_T_h_e_ _s_i_g_n_i_f_i_c_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _f_o_r_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_e_r_e_n_c_e_s_ _b_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_i_n_g_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_i_e_s_._*_4_*_T_h_e_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_._ _*_4_*_C_o_n_s_t_r_a_i_n_t_s_ _o_n_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_._ _*_4_*_D_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_._ _T_h_e_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_ _o_f_ _p_a_r_t_i_c_u_l_a_r_ _s_e_c_t_o_r_s_ _o_f_ _t_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_._*_4_*_S_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _o_f_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _f_i_n_a_n_c_e_._*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _6_ _-_ _T_H_E_ _U_K_ _I_N_ _A_ _G_L_O_B_A_L_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_Y_*_2_*_G_l_o_b_a_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_._*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _e_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_._*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_._*_4_*_R_e_a_s_o_n_s_ _f_o_r_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _c_r_e_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _d_i_v_e_r_s_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _o_f_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _c_o_n_f_l_i_c_t_ _b_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _C_o_m_m_o_n_ _A_g_r_i_c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _P_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _W_o_r_l_d_ _T_r_a_d_e_ _O_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_ _(_W_T_O_)_._*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_v_e_n_e_s_s_._*_4_*_T_h_e_ _U_K_s_ _c_h_a_n_g_i_n_g_ _i_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_v_e_ _s_i_t_u_a_t_i_o_n_._*_4_*_B_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _*_4_*_R_e_m_e_d_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _a_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _d_i_s_e_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_._*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_ _s_y_s_t_e_m_s_._*_4_*_W_h_a_t_ _D_e_t_e_r_m_i_n_e_s_ _T_h_e_ _V_a_l_u_e_ _O_f_ _A_n_ _E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _R_a_t_e_*_4_*_E_u_r_o_p_e_a_n_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _U_n_i_o_n_._*_4_*_I_n_w_a_r_d_ _f_o_r_e_i_g_n_ _d_i_r_e_c_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _b_y_ _M_N_C_s_._*_4_*_P_u_b_l_i_c_ _e_x_p_e_n_d_i_t_u_r_e_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_e_a_l_ _o_u_t_p_u_t_ _a_n_d_ _t_h_e_ _N_A_I_R_U_ _(_P_h_i_l_l_i_p_s_ _C_u_r_v_e_)_._*_1_*_M_U_L_T_I_P_L_E_ _C_H_O_I_C_E_ _Q_U_E_S_T_I_O_N_S_ _(_E_S_S_E_N_T_I_A_L_ _F_O_R_ _U_N_I_T_S_ _1_ _A_N_D_ _4_)_*_2_*_U_n_i_t_ _1_ _-_ _ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_ _-_ _h_o_w_ _t_h_e_y_ _w_o_r_k_ _(_e_s_s_e_n_t_i_a_l_ _l_e_a_r_n_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_U_n_i_t_ _2_ _-_ _ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_ _-_ _w_h_y_ _t_h_e_y_ _f_a_i_l_*_4_*_U_n_i_t_ _3_ _-_ _ _M_a_n_a_g_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_*_4_*_L_i_n_k_s_ _t_o_ _o_t_h_e_r_ _o_n_-_l_i_n_e_ _q_u_i_z_z_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _t_e_s_t_s','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5478,'82.8.167.110','1275213785','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/economics/edexindex.htm','economics','[v/vi]','economics','Sunday  11:04  30/05/10','1','0','1','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','Edexcel - revision site for teachers of Economics (limited number of worksheets), multiple choice tests and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - MARKETS: HOW THEY WORK*2*Glossary of terms*4*Positive and Normative Economics*4*Factors of Production*4*Scarcity*4*Opportunity Cost*4*The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)*4*Specialisation and the Division of Labour*4*Short Run and Long Run*4*Economies of Scale*4*Comparative and Absolute Advantage and links*4*The Demand for Goods and Services and links*4*The Supply of Goods and Services*4*The Equilibrium of Demand and Supply and links*4*Consumer Surplus*4*Producer Surplus*4* Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Income Elasticity of Demand*4*Cross Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Price Elasticity of Supply*4*Labour Markets*4* Housing Markets*4*Exchange rates (Money Markets)*4*Entry and Exit of Firms*4*Minimum Prices*4* Maximum Prices*4* Agricultural Markets*4* Indirect Taxes*4*Indirect Subsidies*4*Economic Systems*1*UNIT 2 - MARKETS: WHY THEY FAIL*2**4* *4*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4* - Positive externalities*4* - Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4* *4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4* - Pollution regulation*4* - Extending property rights*4* - Marketable pollution permits*4* - The climate change levy*4* - Coase theorem*4* - Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits: case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis: All Change in the UK*4* *4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4* Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4* Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*4*Monopolies*1*UNIT 3 - MANAGING THE ECONOMY*2*Worksheet: Objectives of Government Macroeconomic Policy*4*Aggregate demand curve*4* *4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4* *4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4* *4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4* - UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Research and development spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4* *4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4* *4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4* *4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic and social costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4* *4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4* *4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4* *4*Remedies for a balance of payments disequilibrium.*4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side*4**1*UNIT 4 - INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS*2*The birth and growth of firms. The motives and methods of growth*4*Costs*4*Revenue.*4*Profit.*4*Alternative motives for firms and links*4*Short run and long run.*4*Diminishing Marginal Returns and Economies of scale.*4*Perfect competition*4*Monopoly*4*Monopolistic competition*4*Game theory*4*Oligopoly*4*Cartels*4*Comparing efficiency between the market structures.*4*Monopoly And The Public Interest*4*Measures of market concentration*4*Price discrimination in monopoly*4*Pricing and non-pricing strategies*4*Contestable markets*4*Competition policy*4*Regulation of privatised industries*4**1*UNIT 5 - ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT*2*Absolute and relative poverty*4*The causes of economic growth in developing countries.*4*The significance of economic growth for development*4*Differences between developing countries.*4*The costs of economic growth. *4*Constraints on economic growth. *4*Development strategies. The development of particular sectors of the economy.*4*Sources of external finance.*1*UNIT 6 - THE UK IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY*2*Globalisation.*4*International exchange.*4*Types of trading blocs*4*Examples of trading blocs*4*Types of trade protectionism.*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*Sources of possible conflict between trading blocs*4*The Common Agricultural Policy*4*The World Trade Organisation (WTO).*4*International competitiveness.*4*The UKs changing international competitive situation.*4*Balance of payments *4*Remedies for a balance of payments disequilibrium.*4*Exchange rate systems.*4*What Determines The Value Of An Exchange Rate*4*European Monetary Union.*4*Inward foreign direct investment by MNCs.*4*Public expenditure*4*Unemployment*4*Inflation*4*Real output and the NAIRU (Phillips Curve).*1*MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (ESSENTIAL FOR UNITS 1 AND 4)*2*Unit 1 -  Markets - how they work (essential learning)*4*Unit 2 -  Markets - why they fail*4*Unit 3 -  Managing the economy*4*Links to other on-line quizzes and tests','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_/_e_d_e_x_i_n_d_e_x_._h_t_m','_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_ _h_ _p_l_u_s','','_1','','_1','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','_E_d_e_x_c_e_l_ _-_ _r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _s_i_t_e_ _f_o_r_ _t_e_a_c_h_e_r_s_ _o_f_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_ _(_l_i_m_i_t_e_d_ _n_u_m_b_e_r_ _o_f_ _w_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_s_)_,_ _m_u_l_t_i_p_l_e_ _c_h_o_i_c_e_ _t_e_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _w_e_b_s_i_t_e_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _1_ _-_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_S_:_ _H_O_W_ _T_H_E_Y_ _W_O_R_K_*_2_*_G_l_o_s_s_a_r_y_ _o_f_ _t_e_r_m_s_*_4_*_P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _N_o_r_m_a_t_i_v_e_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_*_4_*_F_a_c_t_o_r_s_ _o_f_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_c_a_r_c_i_t_y_*_4_*_O_p_p_o_r_t_u_n_i_t_y_ _C_o_s_t_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _P_r_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n_ _P_o_s_s_i_b_i_l_i_t_y_ _F_r_o_n_t_i_e_r_ _(_P_P_F_)_*_4_*_S_p_e_c_i_a_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_h_e_ _D_i_v_i_s_i_o_n_ _o_f_ _L_a_b_o_u_r_*_4_*_S_h_o_r_t_ _R_u_n_ _a_n_d_ _L_o_n_g_ _R_u_n_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _S_c_a_l_e_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_a_r_a_t_i_v_e_ _a_n_d_ _A_b_s_o_l_u_t_e_ _A_d_v_a_n_t_a_g_e_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _f_o_r_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _o_f_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _a_n_d_ _S_e_r_v_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_P_r_o_d_u_c_e_r_ _S_u_r_p_l_u_s_*_4_*_ _P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_I_n_c_o_m_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_C_r_o_s_s_ _P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _D_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _S_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_L_a_b_o_u_r_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_ _H_o_u_s_i_n_g_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_s_ _(_M_o_n_e_y_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_)_*_4_*_E_n_t_r_y_ _a_n_d_ _E_x_i_t_ _o_f_ _F_i_r_m_s_*_4_*_M_i_n_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_ _M_a_x_i_m_u_m_ _P_r_i_c_e_s_*_4_*_ _A_g_r_i_c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_ _I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _S_y_s_t_e_m_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _2_ _-_ _M_A_R_K_E_T_S_:_ _W_H_Y_ _T_H_E_Y_ _F_A_I_L_*_2_*_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_r_i_v_a_t_e_ _a_n_d_ _s_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_ _a_n_d_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _E_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_g_a_t_i_v_e_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_o_s_i_t_i_v_e_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _f_a_i_l_u_r_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_e_c_h_n_o_l_o_g_i_c_a_l_ _s_p_i_l_l_o_v_e_r_s_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _-_ _c_o_r_r_e_c_t_i_n_g_ _f_o_r_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_i_t_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _P_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _r_e_g_u_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_ _-_ _E_x_t_e_n_d_i_n_g_ _p_r_o_p_e_r_t_y_ _r_i_g_h_t_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_*_4_*_ _-_ _T_h_e_ _c_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _c_h_a_n_g_e_ _l_e_v_y_*_4_*_ _-_ _C_o_a_s_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_e_m_*_4_*_ _-_ _L_a_n_d_f_i_l_l_ _t_a_x_*_4_*_-_ _K_y_o_t_o_ _t_r_e_a_t_y_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_e_d_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_s_ _C_o_n_v_e_n_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_a_r_k_e_t_a_b_l_e_ _p_o_l_l_u_t_i_o_n_ _p_e_r_m_i_t_s_:_ _c_a_s_e_ _S_t_u_d_y_ _w_i_t_h_ _Q_u_e_s_t_i_o_n_s_*_4_*_-_ _A_l_a_s_k_a_n_s_ _f_a_c_e_ _t_h_a_w_*_4_*_-_ _C_l_i_m_a_t_e_ _C_r_i_s_i_s_:_ _A_l_l_ _C_h_a_n_g_e_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_M_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _G_o_o_d_s_*_4_*_D_e_-_m_e_r_i_t_ _g_o_o_d_s_ _t_a_s_k_*_4_*_ _P_u_b_l_i_c_ _G_o_o_d_s_ _*_4_*_I_n_d_i_r_e_c_t_ _T_a_x_e_s_*_4_*_S_u_b_s_i_d_i_e_s_*_4_*_ _C_o_s_t_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_ _A_n_a_l_y_s_i_s_ _(_C_B_A_)_*_4_*_B_a_r_r_i_e_r_s_ _t_o_ _E_n_t_r_y_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_e_s_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _3_ _-_ _M_A_N_A_G_I_N_G_ _T_H_E_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_Y_*_2_*_W_o_r_k_s_h_e_e_t_:_ _O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_ _o_f_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _M_a_c_r_o_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _P_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _c_u_r_v_e_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_A_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_-_ _E_l_a_s_t_i_c_i_t_y_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_E_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_ _o_f_ _a_g_g_r_e_g_a_t_e_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_ _a_n_d_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_s_ _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _i_n_ _t_h_e_ _s_a_v_i_n_g_ _r_a_t_i_o_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _c_o_n_f_i_d_e_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _W_e_a_l_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_n_s_u_m_e_r_ _d_e_m_a_n_d_*_4_*_-_ _F_r_i_e_d_m_a_n_s_ _p_e_r_m_a_n_e_n_t_ _i_n_c_o_m_e_ _h_y_p_o_t_h_e_s_i_s_*_4_*_*_4_*_I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_s_s_ _a_n_d_ _n_e_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _W_h_y_ _d_o_ _f_i_r_m_s_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_*_4_*_ _-_ _U_K_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _I_n_ _A_n_ _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _C_o_n_t_e_x_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _M_a_r_g_i_n_a_l_ _E_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _T_h_e_ _K_e_y_n_e_s_i_a_n_ _T_h_e_o_r_y_ _O_f_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _a_c_c_e_l_e_r_a_t_o_r_*_4_*_-_ _R_e_c_e_n_t_ _T_r_e_n_d_s_ _I_n_ _T_h_e_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _O_f_ _C_o_n_s_u_m_p_t_i_o_n_ _A_n_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _S_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _R_e_s_e_a_r_c_h_ _a_n_d_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_ _s_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _b_a_s_e_*_4_*_-_ _D_i_r_e_c_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _i_n_t_o_ _t_h_e_ _U_K_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_w_a_r_d_ _I_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _R_e_g_i_o_n_a_l_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _P_r_o_b_l_e_m_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _s_p_e_n_d_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _b_o_r_r_o_w_i_n_g_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _d_e_b_t_*_4_*_E_x_p_o_r_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _I_m_p_o_r_t_s_*_4_*_O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _m_a_c_r_o_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _p_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _i_t_s_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_a_r_y_ _g_a_p_s_*_4_*_-_ _C_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _e_f_f_e_c_t_ _o_f_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _U_n_i_t_ _l_a_b_o_u_r_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _c_o_n_t_r_o_l_ _i_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _t_a_r_g_e_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _D_e_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_-_ _I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _f_i_g_u_r_e_s_ _(_E_x_c_e_l_ _s_p_r_e_a_d_s_h_e_e_t_)_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_ _-_ _M_e_a_s_u_r_i_n_g_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _a_n_d_ _s_o_c_i_a_l_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _m_a_i_n_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _P_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_ _t_o_ _r_e_d_u_c_e_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _C_h_a_n_g_i_n_g_ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_s_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _F_u_l_l_ _e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_a_t_u_r_a_l_ _r_a_t_e_ _o_f_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _N_A_I_R_U_*_4_*_-_ _J_o_b_ _v_a_c_a_n_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _L_o_n_g_ _t_e_r_m_ _u_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _N_e_w_ _D_e_a_l_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _m_e_a_s_u_r_e_m_e_n_t_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_-_ _B_e_n_e_f_i_t_s_ _a_n_d_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _c_y_c_l_e_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_o_r_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _r_e_s_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_o_n_g_ _r_u_n_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_-_ _G_o_v_e_r_n_m_e_n_t_ _p_o_l_i_c_i_e_s_*_4_*_-_ _G_r_o_w_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _j_o_b_s_*_4_*_-_ _U_S_A_ _a_ _m_o_d_e_l_ _t_o_ _f_o_l_l_o_w_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e_ _o_f_ _o_u_t_p_u_t_ _i_n_ _a_n_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_B_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _U_K_s_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _c_a_p_i_t_a_l_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_*_4_*_-_ _T_h_e_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _m_u_s_t_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_*_4_*_-_ _C_a_n_ _a_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_y_ _s_a_f_e_l_y_ _i_g_n_o_r_e_ _a_ _p_e_r_s_i_s_t_e_n_t_ _c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ _a_c_c_o_u_n_t_ _d_e_f_i_c_i_t_*_4_*_ _*_4_*_R_e_m_e_d_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _a_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _d_i_s_e_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_._*_4_*_C_o_n_f_l_i_c_t_s_ _B_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _M_a_c_r_o_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _O_b_j_e_c_t_i_v_e_s_*_4_*_D_e_m_a_n_d_ _m_a_n_a_g_e_m_e_n_t_ _o_r_ _s_u_p_p_l_y_ _s_i_d_e_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _4_ _-_ _I_N_D_U_S_T_R_I_A_L_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_S_*_2_*_T_h_e_ _b_i_r_t_h_ _a_n_d_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _o_f_ _f_i_r_m_s_._ _T_h_e_ _m_o_t_i_v_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _m_e_t_h_o_d_s_ _o_f_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_*_4_*_C_o_s_t_s_*_4_*_R_e_v_e_n_u_e_._*_4_*_P_r_o_f_i_t_._*_4_*_A_l_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_v_e_ _m_o_t_i_v_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _f_i_r_m_s_ _a_n_d_ _l_i_n_k_s_*_4_*_S_h_o_r_t_ _r_u_n_ _a_n_d_ _l_o_n_g_ _r_u_n_._*_4_*_D_i_m_i_n_i_s_h_i_n_g_ _M_a_r_g_i_n_a_l_ _R_e_t_u_r_n_s_ _a_n_d_ _E_c_o_n_o_m_i_e_s_ _o_f_ _s_c_a_l_e_._*_4_*_P_e_r_f_e_c_t_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_i_s_t_i_c_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_G_a_m_e_ _t_h_e_o_r_y_*_4_*_O_l_i_g_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_C_a_r_t_e_l_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_a_r_i_n_g_ _e_f_f_i_c_i_e_n_c_y_ _b_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _t_h_e_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e_s_._*_4_*_M_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_ _A_n_d_ _T_h_e_ _P_u_b_l_i_c_ _I_n_t_e_r_e_s_t_*_4_*_M_e_a_s_u_r_e_s_ _o_f_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_ _c_o_n_c_e_n_t_r_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_e_ _d_i_s_c_r_i_m_i_n_a_t_i_o_n_ _i_n_ _m_o_n_o_p_o_l_y_*_4_*_P_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _a_n_d_ _n_o_n_-_p_r_i_c_i_n_g_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_*_4_*_C_o_n_t_e_s_t_a_b_l_e_ _m_a_r_k_e_t_s_*_4_*_C_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_o_n_ _p_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_R_e_g_u_l_a_t_i_o_n_ _o_f_ _p_r_i_v_a_t_i_s_e_d_ _i_n_d_u_s_t_r_i_e_s_*_4_*_*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _5_ _-_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_I_C_ _D_E_V_E_L_O_P_M_E_N_T_*_2_*_A_b_s_o_l_u_t_e_ _a_n_d_ _r_e_l_a_t_i_v_e_ _p_o_v_e_r_t_y_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _c_a_u_s_e_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _i_n_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_i_n_g_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_i_e_s_._*_4_*_T_h_e_ _s_i_g_n_i_f_i_c_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_ _f_o_r_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_D_i_f_f_e_r_e_n_c_e_s_ _b_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_i_n_g_ _c_o_u_n_t_r_i_e_s_._*_4_*_T_h_e_ _c_o_s_t_s_ _o_f_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_._ _*_4_*_C_o_n_s_t_r_a_i_n_t_s_ _o_n_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_ _g_r_o_w_t_h_._ _*_4_*_D_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_ _s_t_r_a_t_e_g_i_e_s_._ _T_h_e_ _d_e_v_e_l_o_p_m_e_n_t_ _o_f_ _p_a_r_t_i_c_u_l_a_r_ _s_e_c_t_o_r_s_ _o_f_ _t_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_._*_4_*_S_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _o_f_ _e_x_t_e_r_n_a_l_ _f_i_n_a_n_c_e_._*_1_*_U_N_I_T_ _6_ _-_ _T_H_E_ _U_K_ _I_N_ _A_ _G_L_O_B_A_L_ _E_C_O_N_O_M_Y_*_2_*_G_l_o_b_a_l_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_._*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _e_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_._*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_T_y_p_e_s_ _o_f_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_._*_4_*_R_e_a_s_o_n_s_ _f_o_r_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _p_r_o_t_e_c_t_i_o_n_i_s_m_*_4_*_T_r_a_d_e_ _c_r_e_a_t_i_o_n_ _a_n_d_ _t_r_a_d_e_ _d_i_v_e_r_s_i_o_n_*_4_*_S_o_u_r_c_e_s_ _o_f_ _p_o_s_s_i_b_l_e_ _c_o_n_f_l_i_c_t_ _b_e_t_w_e_e_n_ _t_r_a_d_i_n_g_ _b_l_o_c_s_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _C_o_m_m_o_n_ _A_g_r_i_c_u_l_t_u_r_a_l_ _P_o_l_i_c_y_*_4_*_T_h_e_ _W_o_r_l_d_ _T_r_a_d_e_ _O_r_g_a_n_i_s_a_t_i_o_n_ _(_W_T_O_)_._*_4_*_I_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_v_e_n_e_s_s_._*_4_*_T_h_e_ _U_K_s_ _c_h_a_n_g_i_n_g_ _i_n_t_e_r_n_a_t_i_o_n_a_l_ _c_o_m_p_e_t_i_t_i_v_e_ _s_i_t_u_a_t_i_o_n_._*_4_*_B_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _*_4_*_R_e_m_e_d_i_e_s_ _f_o_r_ _a_ _b_a_l_a_n_c_e_ _o_f_ _p_a_y_m_e_n_t_s_ _d_i_s_e_q_u_i_l_i_b_r_i_u_m_._*_4_*_E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _r_a_t_e_ _s_y_s_t_e_m_s_._*_4_*_W_h_a_t_ _D_e_t_e_r_m_i_n_e_s_ _T_h_e_ _V_a_l_u_e_ _O_f_ _A_n_ _E_x_c_h_a_n_g_e_ _R_a_t_e_*_4_*_E_u_r_o_p_e_a_n_ _M_o_n_e_t_a_r_y_ _U_n_i_o_n_._*_4_*_I_n_w_a_r_d_ _f_o_r_e_i_g_n_ _d_i_r_e_c_t_ _i_n_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t_ _b_y_ _M_N_C_s_._*_4_*_P_u_b_l_i_c_ _e_x_p_e_n_d_i_t_u_r_e_*_4_*_U_n_e_m_p_l_o_y_m_e_n_t_*_4_*_I_n_f_l_a_t_i_o_n_*_4_*_R_e_a_l_ _o_u_t_p_u_t_ _a_n_d_ _t_h_e_ _N_A_I_R_U_ _(_P_h_i_l_l_i_p_s_ _C_u_r_v_e_)_._*_1_*_M_U_L_T_I_P_L_E_ _C_H_O_I_C_E_ _Q_U_E_S_T_I_O_N_S_ _(_E_S_S_E_N_T_I_A_L_ _F_O_R_ _U_N_I_T_S_ _1_ _A_N_D_ _4_)_*_2_*_U_n_i_t_ _1_ _-_ _ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_ _-_ _h_o_w_ _t_h_e_y_ _w_o_r_k_ _(_e_s_s_e_n_t_i_a_l_ _l_e_a_r_n_i_n_g_)_*_4_*_U_n_i_t_ _2_ _-_ _ _M_a_r_k_e_t_s_ _-_ _w_h_y_ _t_h_e_y_ _f_a_i_l_*_4_*_U_n_i_t_ _3_ _-_ _ _M_a_n_a_g_i_n_g_ _t_h_e_ _e_c_o_n_o_m_y_*_4_*_L_i_n_k_s_ _t_o_ _o_t_h_e_r_ _o_n_-_l_i_n_e_ _q_u_i_z_z_e_s_ _a_n_d_ _t_e_s_t_s','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5479,'82.8.167.110','1275215251','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/economics/aqaindex.htm','economics','[9th/10th]','economics','Sunday  11:28  30/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','4','1','anon','AQA - revision site for teachers of Economics (limited number of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - MARKETS AND MARKET FAILURE*2*Glossary of terms*4*Positive and Normative Economics*4*Factors of Production*4*Scarcity*4*Opportunity Cost*4*The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)*4*Specialisation and the Division of Labour*4*Short Run and Long Run*4*Economies of Scale*4*Comparative and Absolute Advantage and links*4*The Demand for Goods and Services and links*4*The Supply of Goods and Services*4*The Equilibrium of Demand and Supply and links*4*Consumer Surplus*4*Producer Surplus*4*Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Income Elasticity of Demand*4*Cross Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Price Elasticity of Supply*4*Labour Markets*4*Housing Markets*4*Exchange rates (Money Markets)*4*Entry and Exit of Firms*4*Minimum Prices*4*Maximum Prices*4*Agricultural Markets*4*Indirect Taxes*4*Indirect Subsidies*4**4*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4*- Positive externalities*4*- Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4**4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4*- Pollution regulation*4*- Extending property rights*4*- Marketable pollution permits*4*- The climate change levy*4*- Coase theorem*4*- Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits- case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis- All Change in the UK*4**4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*4*Monopolies*4**1*UNIT 2 - THE NATIONAL ECONOMY*2*Aggregate demand curve*4**4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4**4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4**4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4*- UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4**4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4**4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4**4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4**4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4**4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4**4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4**4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side *4**1*UNIT 3 - MARKETS AT WORK*2*The Housing Market*4**4*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4*- Positive externalities*4*- Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4**4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4*- Pollution regulation*4*- Extending property rights*4*- Marketable pollution permits*4*- The climate change levy*4*- Coase theorem*4*- Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits- case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis - All Change in the UK*4**4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*4*Monopolies*1*UNIT 5 - BUSINESS ECONOMICS AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME*2*The birth and growth of firms. The motives and methods of growth*4*Costs*4*Revenue.*4*Profit.*4*Alternative motives for firms and links*4*Short run and long run.*4*Diminishing Marginal Returns and Economies of scale.*4*Perfect competition*4*Monopoly*4*Monopolistic competition*4*Game theory*4*Oligopoly*4*Cartels*4*Comparing efficiency between the market structures.*4*Monopoly And The Public Interest*4*Measures of market concentration*4*Price discrimination in monopoly*4*Pricing and non-pricing strategies*4*Contestable markets*4*The Labour Markets*4*Competition policy*4*Regulation of privatised industries*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*1*UNIT 6 - GOVERNMENT POLICY, THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY*2*Aggregate demand curve*4**4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4**4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4**4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4*- UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4**4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4**4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4**4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4**4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4**4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4**4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4**4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side*4*International exchange.*4*Types of trading blocs*4*Examples of trading blocs*4*Types of trade protectionism.*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*Sources of possible conflict between trading blocs*4*International competitiveness.*4*The UKs changing international competitive situation.*4*Balance of payments*4* Remedies for a balance of payments disequilibrium.*4*Exchange rate systems.*4*What Determines The Value Of An Exchange Rate *4*European Monetary Union.','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_/_a_q_a_i_n_d_e_x_._h_t_m','_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s','','_1','','0','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','String Length Greater Than Maximum Allowed (15000).  Please Re-enter.','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5480,'82.8.167.110','1275215251','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/economics/aqaindex.htm','economics','[11th/12th]','economics','Sunday  11:28  30/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','4','1','anon','AQA - revision site for teachers of Economics (limited number of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - MARKETS AND MARKET FAILURE*2*Glossary of terms*4*Positive and Normative Economics*4*Factors of Production*4*Scarcity*4*Opportunity Cost*4*The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)*4*Specialisation and the Division of Labour*4*Short Run and Long Run*4*Economies of Scale*4*Comparative and Absolute Advantage and links*4*The Demand for Goods and Services and links*4*The Supply of Goods and Services*4*The Equilibrium of Demand and Supply and links*4*Consumer Surplus*4*Producer Surplus*4*Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Income Elasticity of Demand*4*Cross Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Price Elasticity of Supply*4*Labour Markets*4*Housing Markets*4*Exchange rates (Money Markets)*4*Entry and Exit of Firms*4*Minimum Prices*4*Maximum Prices*4*Agricultural Markets*4*Indirect Taxes*4*Indirect Subsidies*4**4*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4*- Positive externalities*4*- Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4**4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4*- Pollution regulation*4*- Extending property rights*4*- Marketable pollution permits*4*- The climate change levy*4*- Coase theorem*4*- Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits- case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis- All Change in the UK*4**4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*4*Monopolies*4**1*UNIT 2 - THE NATIONAL ECONOMY*2*Aggregate demand curve*4**4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4**4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4**4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4*- UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4**4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4**4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4**4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4**4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4**4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4**4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4**4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side *4**1*UNIT 3 - MARKETS AT WORK*2*The Housing Market*4**4*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4*- Positive externalities*4*- Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4**4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4*- Pollution regulation*4*- Extending property rights*4*- Marketable pollution permits*4*- The climate change levy*4*- Coase theorem*4*- Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits- case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis - All Change in the UK*4**4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*4*Monopolies*1*UNIT 5 - BUSINESS ECONOMICS AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME*2*The birth and growth of firms. The motives and methods of growth*4*Costs*4*Revenue.*4*Profit.*4*Alternative motives for firms and links*4*Short run and long run.*4*Diminishing Marginal Returns and Economies of scale.*4*Perfect competition*4*Monopoly*4*Monopolistic competition*4*Game theory*4*Oligopoly*4*Cartels*4*Comparing efficiency between the market structures.*4*Monopoly And The Public Interest*4*Measures of market concentration*4*Price discrimination in monopoly*4*Pricing and non-pricing strategies*4*Contestable markets*4*The Labour Markets*4*Competition policy*4*Regulation of privatised industries*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*1*UNIT 6 - GOVERNMENT POLICY, THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY*2*Aggregate demand curve*4**4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4**4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4**4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4*- UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4**4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4**4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4**4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4**4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4**4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4**4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4**4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side*4*International exchange.*4*Types of trading blocs*4*Examples of trading blocs*4*Types of trade protectionism.*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*Sources of possible conflict between trading blocs*4*International competitiveness.*4*The UKs changing international competitive situation.*4*Balance of payments*4* Remedies for a balance of payments disequilibrium.*4*Exchange rate systems.*4*What Determines The Value Of An Exchange Rate *4*European Monetary Union.','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_/_a_q_a_i_n_d_e_x_._h_t_m','_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s','','_1','','0','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','String Length Greater Than Maximum Allowed (15000).  Please Re-enter.','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5481,'82.8.167.110','1275215251','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/economics/aqaindex.htm','economics','ap','economics','Sunday  11:28  30/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','4','1','anon','AQA - revision site for teachers of Economics (limited number of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - MARKETS AND MARKET FAILURE*2*Glossary of terms*4*Positive and Normative Economics*4*Factors of Production*4*Scarcity*4*Opportunity Cost*4*The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)*4*Specialisation and the Division of Labour*4*Short Run and Long Run*4*Economies of Scale*4*Comparative and Absolute Advantage and links*4*The Demand for Goods and Services and links*4*The Supply of Goods and Services*4*The Equilibrium of Demand and Supply and links*4*Consumer Surplus*4*Producer Surplus*4*Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Income Elasticity of Demand*4*Cross Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Price Elasticity of Supply*4*Labour Markets*4*Housing Markets*4*Exchange rates (Money Markets)*4*Entry and Exit of Firms*4*Minimum Prices*4*Maximum Prices*4*Agricultural Markets*4*Indirect Taxes*4*Indirect Subsidies*4**4*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4*- Positive externalities*4*- Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4**4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4*- Pollution regulation*4*- Extending property rights*4*- Marketable pollution permits*4*- The climate change levy*4*- Coase theorem*4*- Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits- case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis- All Change in the UK*4**4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*4*Monopolies*4**1*UNIT 2 - THE NATIONAL ECONOMY*2*Aggregate demand curve*4**4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4**4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4**4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4*- UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4**4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4**4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4**4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4**4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4**4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4**4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4**4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side *4**1*UNIT 3 - MARKETS AT WORK*2*The Housing Market*4**4*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4*- Positive externalities*4*- Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4**4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4*- Pollution regulation*4*- Extending property rights*4*- Marketable pollution permits*4*- The climate change levy*4*- Coase theorem*4*- Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits- case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis - All Change in the UK*4**4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*4*Monopolies*1*UNIT 5 - BUSINESS ECONOMICS AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME*2*The birth and growth of firms. The motives and methods of growth*4*Costs*4*Revenue.*4*Profit.*4*Alternative motives for firms and links*4*Short run and long run.*4*Diminishing Marginal Returns and Economies of scale.*4*Perfect competition*4*Monopoly*4*Monopolistic competition*4*Game theory*4*Oligopoly*4*Cartels*4*Comparing efficiency between the market structures.*4*Monopoly And The Public Interest*4*Measures of market concentration*4*Price discrimination in monopoly*4*Pricing and non-pricing strategies*4*Contestable markets*4*The Labour Markets*4*Competition policy*4*Regulation of privatised industries*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*1*UNIT 6 - GOVERNMENT POLICY, THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY*2*Aggregate demand curve*4**4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4**4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4**4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4*- UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4**4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4**4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4**4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4**4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4**4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4**4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4**4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side*4*International exchange.*4*Types of trading blocs*4*Examples of trading blocs*4*Types of trade protectionism.*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*Sources of possible conflict between trading blocs*4*International competitiveness.*4*The UKs changing international competitive situation.*4*Balance of payments*4* Remedies for a balance of payments disequilibrium.*4*Exchange rate systems.*4*What Determines The Value Of An Exchange Rate *4*European Monetary Union.','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_/_a_q_a_i_n_d_e_x_._h_t_m','_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s','','_1','','0','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','String Length Greater Than Maximum Allowed (15000).  Please Re-enter.','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5482,'82.8.167.110','1275215251','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/economics/aqaindex.htm','economics','higher','economics','Sunday  11:29  30/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','AQA - revision site for teachers of Economics (limited number of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - MARKETS AND MARKET FAILURE*2*Glossary of terms*4*Positive and Normative Economics*4*Factors of Production*4*Scarcity*4*Opportunity Cost*4*The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)*4*Specialisation and the Division of Labour*4*Short Run and Long Run*4*Economies of Scale*4*Comparative and Absolute Advantage and links*4*The Demand for Goods and Services and links*4*The Supply of Goods and Services*4*The Equilibrium of Demand and Supply and links*4*Consumer Surplus*4*Producer Surplus*4*Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Income Elasticity of Demand*4*Cross Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Price Elasticity of Supply*4*Labour Markets*4*Housing Markets*4*Exchange rates (Money Markets)*4*Entry and Exit of Firms*4*Minimum Prices*4*Maximum Prices*4*Agricultural Markets*4*Indirect Taxes*4*Indirect Subsidies*4**4*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4*- Positive externalities*4*- Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4**4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4*- Pollution regulation*4*- Extending property rights*4*- Marketable pollution permits*4*- The climate change levy*4*- Coase theorem*4*- Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits- case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis- All Change in the UK*4**4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*4*Monopolies*4**1*UNIT 2 - THE NATIONAL ECONOMY*2*Aggregate demand curve*4**4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4**4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4**4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4*- UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4**4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4**4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4**4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4**4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4**4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4**4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4**4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side *4**1*UNIT 3 - MARKETS AT WORK*2*The Housing Market*4**4*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4*- Positive externalities*4*- Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4**4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4*- Pollution regulation*4*- Extending property rights*4*- Marketable pollution permits*4*- The climate change levy*4*- Coase theorem*4*- Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits- case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis - All Change in the UK*4**4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*4*Monopolies*1*UNIT 5 - BUSINESS ECONOMICS AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME*2*The birth and growth of firms. The motives and methods of growth*4*Costs*4*Revenue.*4*Profit.*4*Alternative motives for firms and links*4*Short run and long run.*4*Diminishing Marginal Returns and Economies of scale.*4*Perfect competition*4*Monopoly*4*Monopolistic competition*4*Game theory*4*Oligopoly*4*Cartels*4*Comparing efficiency between the market structures.*4*Monopoly And The Public Interest*4*Measures of market concentration*4*Price discrimination in monopoly*4*Pricing and non-pricing strategies*4*Contestable markets*4*The Labour Markets*4*Competition policy*4*Regulation of privatised industries*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*1*UNIT 6 - GOVERNMENT POLICY, THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY*2*Aggregate demand curve*4**4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4**4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4**4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4*- UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4**4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4**4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4**4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4**4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4**4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4**4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4**4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side*4*International exchange.*4*Types of trading blocs*4*Examples of trading blocs*4*Types of trade protectionism.*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*Sources of possible conflict between trading blocs*4*International competitiveness.*4*The UKs changing international competitive situation.*4*Balance of payments*4* Remedies for a balance of payments disequilibrium.*4*Exchange rate systems.*4*What Determines The Value Of An Exchange Rate *4*European Monetary Union.','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_/_a_q_a_i_n_d_e_x_._h_t_m','_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s','','_1','','0','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','String Length Greater Than Maximum Allowed (15000).  Please Re-enter.','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5483,'82.8.167.110','1275215251','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/economics/aqaindex.htm','economics','adv higher','economics','Sunday  11:29  30/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','AQA - revision site for teachers of Economics (limited number of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - MARKETS AND MARKET FAILURE*2*Glossary of terms*4*Positive and Normative Economics*4*Factors of Production*4*Scarcity*4*Opportunity Cost*4*The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)*4*Specialisation and the Division of Labour*4*Short Run and Long Run*4*Economies of Scale*4*Comparative and Absolute Advantage and links*4*The Demand for Goods and Services and links*4*The Supply of Goods and Services*4*The Equilibrium of Demand and Supply and links*4*Consumer Surplus*4*Producer Surplus*4*Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Income Elasticity of Demand*4*Cross Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Price Elasticity of Supply*4*Labour Markets*4*Housing Markets*4*Exchange rates (Money Markets)*4*Entry and Exit of Firms*4*Minimum Prices*4*Maximum Prices*4*Agricultural Markets*4*Indirect Taxes*4*Indirect Subsidies*4**4*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4*- Positive externalities*4*- Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4**4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4*- Pollution regulation*4*- Extending property rights*4*- Marketable pollution permits*4*- The climate change levy*4*- Coase theorem*4*- Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits- case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis- All Change in the UK*4**4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*4*Monopolies*4**1*UNIT 2 - THE NATIONAL ECONOMY*2*Aggregate demand curve*4**4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4**4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4**4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4*- UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4**4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4**4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4**4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4**4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4**4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4**4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4**4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side *4**1*UNIT 3 - MARKETS AT WORK*2*The Housing Market*4**4*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4*- Positive externalities*4*- Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4**4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4*- Pollution regulation*4*- Extending property rights*4*- Marketable pollution permits*4*- The climate change levy*4*- Coase theorem*4*- Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits- case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis - All Change in the UK*4**4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*4*Monopolies*1*UNIT 5 - BUSINESS ECONOMICS AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME*2*The birth and growth of firms. The motives and methods of growth*4*Costs*4*Revenue.*4*Profit.*4*Alternative motives for firms and links*4*Short run and long run.*4*Diminishing Marginal Returns and Economies of scale.*4*Perfect competition*4*Monopoly*4*Monopolistic competition*4*Game theory*4*Oligopoly*4*Cartels*4*Comparing efficiency between the market structures.*4*Monopoly And The Public Interest*4*Measures of market concentration*4*Price discrimination in monopoly*4*Pricing and non-pricing strategies*4*Contestable markets*4*The Labour Markets*4*Competition policy*4*Regulation of privatised industries*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*1*UNIT 6 - GOVERNMENT POLICY, THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY*2*Aggregate demand curve*4**4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4**4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4**4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4*- UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4**4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4**4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4**4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4**4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4**4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4**4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4**4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side*4*International exchange.*4*Types of trading blocs*4*Examples of trading blocs*4*Types of trade protectionism.*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*Sources of possible conflict between trading blocs*4*International competitiveness.*4*The UKs changing international competitive situation.*4*Balance of payments*4* Remedies for a balance of payments disequilibrium.*4*Exchange rate systems.*4*What Determines The Value Of An Exchange Rate *4*European Monetary Union.','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_/_a_q_a_i_n_d_e_x_._h_t_m','_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s','','_1','','0','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','String Length Greater Than Maximum Allowed (15000).  Please Re-enter.','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5484,'82.8.167.110','1275215251','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/economics/aqaindex.htm','economics','gcse','economics','Sunday  11:29  30/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','AQA - revision site for teachers of Economics (limited number of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - MARKETS AND MARKET FAILURE*2*Glossary of terms*4*Positive and Normative Economics*4*Factors of Production*4*Scarcity*4*Opportunity Cost*4*The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)*4*Specialisation and the Division of Labour*4*Short Run and Long Run*4*Economies of Scale*4*Comparative and Absolute Advantage and links*4*The Demand for Goods and Services and links*4*The Supply of Goods and Services*4*The Equilibrium of Demand and Supply and links*4*Consumer Surplus*4*Producer Surplus*4*Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Income Elasticity of Demand*4*Cross Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Price Elasticity of Supply*4*Labour Markets*4*Housing Markets*4*Exchange rates (Money Markets)*4*Entry and Exit of Firms*4*Minimum Prices*4*Maximum Prices*4*Agricultural Markets*4*Indirect Taxes*4*Indirect Subsidies*4**4*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4*- Positive externalities*4*- Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4**4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4*- Pollution regulation*4*- Extending property rights*4*- Marketable pollution permits*4*- The climate change levy*4*- Coase theorem*4*- Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits- case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis- All Change in the UK*4**4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*4*Monopolies*4**1*UNIT 2 - THE NATIONAL ECONOMY*2*Aggregate demand curve*4**4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4**4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4**4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4*- UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4**4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4**4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4**4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4**4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4**4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4**4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4**4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side *4**1*UNIT 3 - MARKETS AT WORK*2*The Housing Market*4**4*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4*- Positive externalities*4*- Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4**4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4*- Pollution regulation*4*- Extending property rights*4*- Marketable pollution permits*4*- The climate change levy*4*- Coase theorem*4*- Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits- case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis - All Change in the UK*4**4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*4*Monopolies*1*UNIT 5 - BUSINESS ECONOMICS AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME*2*The birth and growth of firms. The motives and methods of growth*4*Costs*4*Revenue.*4*Profit.*4*Alternative motives for firms and links*4*Short run and long run.*4*Diminishing Marginal Returns and Economies of scale.*4*Perfect competition*4*Monopoly*4*Monopolistic competition*4*Game theory*4*Oligopoly*4*Cartels*4*Comparing efficiency between the market structures.*4*Monopoly And The Public Interest*4*Measures of market concentration*4*Price discrimination in monopoly*4*Pricing and non-pricing strategies*4*Contestable markets*4*The Labour Markets*4*Competition policy*4*Regulation of privatised industries*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*1*UNIT 6 - GOVERNMENT POLICY, THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY*2*Aggregate demand curve*4**4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4**4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4**4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4*- UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4**4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4**4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4**4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4**4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4**4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4**4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4**4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side*4*International exchange.*4*Types of trading blocs*4*Examples of trading blocs*4*Types of trade protectionism.*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*Sources of possible conflict between trading blocs*4*International competitiveness.*4*The UKs changing international competitive situation.*4*Balance of payments*4* Remedies for a balance of payments disequilibrium.*4*Exchange rate systems.*4*What Determines The Value Of An Exchange Rate *4*European Monetary Union.','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_/_a_q_a_i_n_d_e_x_._h_t_m','_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s','','_1','','0','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','String Length Greater Than Maximum Allowed (15000).  Please Re-enter.','_1','0','_2','0','0'),(5485,'82.8.167.110','1275215251','http://www.revisionguru.co.uk/economics/aqaindex.htm','economics','a level','economics','Sunday  11:29  30/05/10','1','0','0','1','1','0','0','0','1','0','6','1','anon','AQA - revision site for teachers of Economics (limited number of worksheets) and additional website links*1*UNIT 1 - MARKETS AND MARKET FAILURE*2*Glossary of terms*4*Positive and Normative Economics*4*Factors of Production*4*Scarcity*4*Opportunity Cost*4*The Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)*4*Specialisation and the Division of Labour*4*Short Run and Long Run*4*Economies of Scale*4*Comparative and Absolute Advantage and links*4*The Demand for Goods and Services and links*4*The Supply of Goods and Services*4*The Equilibrium of Demand and Supply and links*4*Consumer Surplus*4*Producer Surplus*4*Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Income Elasticity of Demand*4*Cross Price Elasticity of Demand*4*Price Elasticity of Supply*4*Labour Markets*4*Housing Markets*4*Exchange rates (Money Markets)*4*Entry and Exit of Firms*4*Minimum Prices*4*Maximum Prices*4*Agricultural Markets*4*Indirect Taxes*4*Indirect Subsidies*4**4*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4*- Positive externalities*4*- Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4**4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4*- Pollution regulation*4*- Extending property rights*4*- Marketable pollution permits*4*- The climate change levy*4*- Coase theorem*4*- Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits- case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis- All Change in the UK*4**4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*4*Monopolies*4**1*UNIT 2 - THE NATIONAL ECONOMY*2*Aggregate demand curve*4**4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4**4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4**4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4*- UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4**4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4**4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4**4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4**4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4**4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4**4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4**4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side *4**1*UNIT 3 - MARKETS AT WORK*2*The Housing Market*4**4*Externalities*4*- Private and social costs*4*- Market failure and externalities*4*- Externalities and market failure*4*- Negative consumption externalities*4*- Positive externalities*4*- Positive externalities and failure*4*- Technological spillovers*4**4*Government policies - correcting for externalities*4*- Pollution taxes*4*- Pollution regulation*4*- Extending property rights*4*- Marketable pollution permits*4*- The climate change levy*4*- Coase theorem*4*- Landfill tax*4*- Kyoto treaty*4*- United Nations Convention*4*- Marketable pollution permits- case Study with Questions*4*- Alaskans face thaw*4*- Climate Crisis - All Change in the UK*4**4*Merit Goods*4*De-merit Goods*4*De-merit goods task*4*Public Goods *4*Indirect Taxes*4*Subsidies*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*4*Barriers to Entry*4*Monopolies*1*UNIT 5 - BUSINESS ECONOMICS AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME*2*The birth and growth of firms. The motives and methods of growth*4*Costs*4*Revenue.*4*Profit.*4*Alternative motives for firms and links*4*Short run and long run.*4*Diminishing Marginal Returns and Economies of scale.*4*Perfect competition*4*Monopoly*4*Monopolistic competition*4*Game theory*4*Oligopoly*4*Cartels*4*Comparing efficiency between the market structures.*4*Monopoly And The Public Interest*4*Measures of market concentration*4*Price discrimination in monopoly*4*Pricing and non-pricing strategies*4*Contestable markets*4*The Labour Markets*4*Competition policy*4*Regulation of privatised industries*4*Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)*1*UNIT 6 - GOVERNMENT POLICY, THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY*2*Aggregate demand curve*4**4*Aggregate supply*4*- Elasticity of aggregate supply*4**4*Equilibrium of aggregate demand and supply*4**4*Consumption and savings*4*- Consumption and savings function*4*- Trends in the saving ratios*4*- Consumer confidence*4*- Wealth and consumer demand*4*- Friedmans permanent income hypothesis*4**4*Investment*4*- Gross and net investment*4*- Why do firms invest*4*- UK Investment In An International Context*4*- The Marginal Efficiency Of Investment - The Keynesian Theory Of Investment*4*- The accelerator*4*- Recent Trends In The Growth Of Consumption And Investment Spending*4*- Capital base*4*- Direct investment into the UK*4*- Inward Investment And The Regional Economic Problem*4**4*Government spending*4*- Government borrowing*4*- National debt*4**4*Exports and Imports*4*Objectives of government macroeconomic policy*4**4*Inflation and its measures and links*4*- The main causes of inflation*4*- Inflationary gaps*4*- Costs and effect of inflation*4*- Unit labour costs and inflation*4*- Monetary inflation*4*- Policies to control inflation*4*- Inflation targets*4*- Deflation*4*- Inflation figures (Excel spreadsheet)*4**4*Unemployment - Measuring unemployment*4*- Economic costs of unemployment*4*- The main causes of unemployment*4*- Policies to reduce unemployment*4*- Changing patterns of unemployment*4*- Full employment*4*- Natural rate of unemployment*4*- The NAIRU*4*- Job vacancies*4*- Long term unemployment*4*- New Deal*4**4*Economic growth and measurement and links*4*- Benefits and costs of growth*4*- The economic cycle*4*- Theories of growth*4*- Economic resources and long run growth*4*- Government policies*4*- Growth and jobs*4*- USA a model to follow*4*- The structure of output in an economy*4**4*Balance of payments*4*- The current account*4*- The UKs current account*4*- The capital account*4*- The balance of payments must balance*4*- Can a country safely ignore a persistent current account deficit*4**4*Conflicts Between Macro Economic Objectives*4*Demand management or supply side*4*International exchange.*4*Types of trading blocs*4*Examples of trading blocs*4*Types of trade protectionism.*4*Reasons for trade protectionism*4*Trade creation and trade diversion*4*Sources of possible conflict between trading blocs*4*International competitiveness.*4*The UKs changing international competitive situation.*4*Balance of payments*4* Remedies for a balance of payments disequilibrium.*4*Exchange rate systems.*4*What Determines The Value Of An Exchange Rate *4*European Monetary Union.','1','0','2','_w_w_w_._r_e_v_i_s_i_o_n_g_u_r_u_._c_o_._u_k_/_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s_/_a_q_a_i_n_d_e_x_._h_t_m','_e_c_o_n_o_m_i_c_s','','_1','','0','_1','_1','0','0','0','_1','0','_7','_1','','String Length Greater Than Maximum Allowed (15000).  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