How the hell do I tackle a question like that, Trevor! The problem is, most of my reading happens to be in this area, and there is such a wealth of extraordinary scholarship that it is hard to pick. Off the cuff, here are some books that will make provocative reading. I have also included American scholars whose work on the colonial period in India is no less significant. 

Masks of Conquest - Gauri Vishwanathan 
The Intimate Enemy: Loss and Recovery of Self Under Colonialism - Ashis Nandy
Colonialism and Its Forms of Knowledge - Bernard Cohn
The Rhetoric of English India - Sara Suleri 
Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World - Partha Chatterjee
Dominance without Hegemony: History and Power in Colonial India - Ranajit Guha
Rethinking Working-Class History: Bengal 1890-1940 - Dipesh Chakraborty
Colonizing the Body: State Medicine and Epidemic Disease in Nineteenth-Century India - David Hardiman
Recasting Women: Essays in South Asian History - Kumkum Sangari and Sudesh Vaid eds
Rethinking English: Essays in Literature, Language, History - Svati Joshi (ed.) 
The Lie of the Land: English Literary Studies in India - Rajeswari Sunder Rajan (ed.)
Castes of Mind: Colonialism and the Making of Modern India - Nicholas Dirks
Imagining India - Ronald Inden

M