<h1>Contents</h1>

<ol>
<li style=list-style-type:none>8.1  <a href="#Sec8.1"> Cryptography </a></li>
<li style=list-style-type:none>8.2  <a href="#Sec8.2"> Symmetric-Key Algorithms </a></li>
<li style=list-style-type:none>8.3  <a href="#Sec8.3"> Public-Key Algorithms </a></li>
<li style=list-style-type:none>8.4  <a href="#Sec8.4"> Digital Signatures </a></li>
<li style=list-style-type:none>8.5  <a href="#Sec8.5"> Management of Public Keys </a></li>
<li style=list-style-type:none>8.6  <a href="#Sec8.6"> Communication Security </a></li>
<li style=list-style-type:none>8.7  <a href="#Sec8.7"> Authentication Protocols </a></li>
<li style=list-style-type:none>8.8  <a href="#Sec8.8"> Email Security </a></li>
<li style=list-style-type:none>8.9  <a href="#Sec8.9"> Web Security </a></li>
<li style=list-style-type:none>8.10 <a href="#Sec8.10"> Social Issues </a></li>
</ol>


<h1><a name="GeneralSecurity"></a>General Security Links:</h1>

<ul>
        <li><a href="http://www.cert.org/">CERT Coordination Center</a>        Publishes regular alerts and updates about security issues</li>

        <li><a href="http://www.gocsi.com/">Computer Security Institute        (CSI)</a> - Information on most network security threats</li>

        <li><a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/rja14/">Ross Anderson's        Home Page</a> Has links to hundreds of security-related pages</li>

        <li><a href="http://www.sans.org/">SANS Institute</a> Studies        information security and other networking problems</li>

        <li><a href="http://www.scmagazine.com/">Secure Computing        Magazine</a> Online version of monthly security magazine</li>

        <li><a href="http://online.securityfocus.com/">Security Focus</a>        Daily news site about network security, recently sold to <a        href="http://www.symantec.com/">Symantec</a></li>

        <li><a
        href="http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/tls-charter.html">Transport        Layer Security</a> <a href="http://www.ietf.org/">IETF</a>        Working group</li>

        <li> <a href="http://www.packetstormsecurity.com/"> Packet Storm        Security </a> Non-profit with many resources including security        tools, advisories, exploits, etc. </li>

</ul>


<h1><a name="Sec8.1"></a>8.1  Cryptography </h1>

<ul>


        <li><a name="Crypt"></a><a href="http://www.faqs.org/faqs/cryptography-faq/">Cryptography        FAQ</a> Series of tutorials on all aspects of crypto</li>

        <!-- <li><a href="http://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/~pgut001/links.html">Encryption
        and Security-Related Resources</a> Hundreds of links about crypto
        and security</li> -->

        <li><a href="http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac/">Handbook        of Applied Cryptography</a> Entire        book available for free download, in <a        href="http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html">PDF</a>        and <a href="http://www.cs.wisc.edu/%7Eghost/">PS</a> format.</li>

        <li><a href="http://www.iacr.org/">International Association        for Cryptologic Research</a> Current research in crypto</li>

        <li><a href="http://www.ciphersbyritter.com/LEARNING.HTM">        Learning About Cryptography </a> A basic        introduction to cryptography, provided by <a        href="http://www.ciphersbyritter.com/"> Ritter Labs</a>, itself        a site containing extensive cryptography resources </li>

        <li><a href="http://www.interhack.net/people/cmcurtin/snake-oil-faq.html">Snake        Oil Warning Signs</a> Deflating hype about "unbreakable"        encryption</li>

        <li><a href="http://www.qubit.org/">Centre for Quantum        Computation</a> Quantum cryptography, and quantum        code-breaking</li>

        <li><a href="http://www.garykessler.net/library/crypto.html">        An Overview of Cryptography</a> Extensive online cryptography        paper from <a href="http://www.garykessler.net"> Gary Kessler        Associates</a>

        <li><a        href="http://people.csail.mit.edu/rivest/crypto-security.html">        Ronald L. Rivest:  Cryptography and Security </a> List of links        to various sources of cryptography information </li>

        <li>Cryptography<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptography"> Wikipedia        Article </a> </li>

        <li>Quantum Cryptography<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_cryptography"> Wikipedia        Article </a> </li>

	<li><a href="http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/crypt/overview.php">	Quantum Cryptography:  Privacy Through Uncertainty</a> Discussion/description of quantum cryptography</li>

</ul>


<h1><a name="Sec8.2"></a>8.2  Symmetric-Key Algorithms </h1>

<ul>
        <li>Symmetric-key algorithm        <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric-key_algorithm">        Wikipedia Article </a> </li>

        <li>Data Encryption Standard        <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Encryption_Standard">        Wikipedia Article </a> </li>

        <li>Advanced Encryption Standard <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard">        Wikipedia Article </a> </li>

	<li><a href="http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid14_gci523541,00.html">What	is Rijndael?</a> Definition from <a href="http://www.whatis.com"> whatis.com </a> </li>

	<li><a href="http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/symmetric_key_cryptography.html">	Symmetric Key Cryptography</a> definition from <a href="http://www.webopedia.com"> Webopedia </a></li>

	<li><a href="http://www.howstuffworks.com/encryption2.htm">	Symmetric Key Cryptography</a> definition from <a	href="http://www.howstuffworks.com"> howstuffworks.com </a></li>


	<li><a href="http://www.securitytube.net/Symmetric-Key-Cryptography-video.aspx">	Symmetric Key Cryptography</a> Video-based tutorial</li>

	<li><a href="http://www.obviex.com/samples/Encryption.aspx"> How	To:  Encrypt and Decrypt data using a symmetric (Rijndael) Key	</a> How-to that includes code examples in C#/VB.NET</li>

        <li>Block cipher modes of operation<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation">        Wikipedia Article </a> </li>

	<li><a href="http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/ST/toolkit/BCM/index.html"> Block Ciper Modes</a>	from <a href="http://csrc.nist.gov"> The National Institute of Standards and Technology,	Information Technology Laboratory</a> </li>
</ul>


<h1><a name="Sec8.3"></a>8.3  Public-Key Algorithms </h1>

<ul>
        <li>Public-key cryptography<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-key_cryptography">        Wikipedia Article </a> </li>

	<li><a href="http://computer.howstuffworks.com/encryption3.htm">	Public Key Cryptography</a> definition from <a	href="http://www.howstuffworks.com"> howstuffworks.com </a></li>

	<li><a href="http://www.mycrypto.net/encryption/public_key_encryption.html">	Public Key Encryption </a> Brief definition at <a	href="http://www.mycrypto.net"> MyCrypto.net</a></li>

	<li><a href="http://www.abcseo.com/papers/security/08-public-key-algorithms.htm">	Public Key Algorithms</a> Slideshow Presentation </li>

	<li><a href="http://ospkibook.sourceforge.net/docs/OSPKI-2.4.7/OSPKI-html/appendix-pkc.htm">	Description of Public Key Algorithms </a> Short description of RSA</li>

        <li>RSA <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA">        Wikipedia Article </a> </li>

        <li><a href="http://www.di-mgt.com.au/rsa_alg.html"> RSA Algorithm        </a> Lengthy description of the algorithm, with examples</li>

</ul>


<h1><a name="Sec8.4"></a>8.4  Digital Signatures </h1>

<ul>
        <li>Digital signature <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signature">        Wikipedia Article </a> </li>

        <li>MD5<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5">        Wikipedia Article </a> </li>

        <li>Secure Hash Algorithm<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Hash_Algorithm">        Wikipedia Article </a> </li>

        <li>SHA-1<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-1">        Wikipedia Article </a> </li>

	<li><a href="http://www.w3.org/PICS/DSig/SHA1_1_0.html"> SHA1 Secure	Hash Algorithm</a> Overview of how SHA-1 is used on the Web</li>

	<li><a href="http://gtools.org/tool/sha1-hash-generator/">	SHA1 Hash Generator </a> Computes SHA1 hash from entered text,	from <a href="http://gtools.org"> gtools.org</a> </li>

        <li>SHA-2<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-2">        Wikipedia Article </a> </li>

	<li><a href="http://converter-generator.com/sha">SHA Hash Generator</a>	Generates several different SHA hashes based on entered text, from	<a href="http://converter-generator.com"> converter-generator.com</a> </li>

</ul>


<h1><a name="Sec8.5"></a>8.5  Management of Public Keys </h1>

<ul>

        <li>Cryptography key types <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_key_types">        Wikipedia Article </a> </li>

	<li><a href="http://www.rsa.com/rsalabs/node.asp?id=2262"> What is	Key Management</a> Definition from <a href="http://www.rsa.com">	RSA Laboratories</a></li>

	<li><a href="http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/ST/toolkit/key_management.html">Key Management </a>	from <a href="http://csrc.nist.gov"> The National Institute of Standards and Technology,	Information Technology Laboratory</a> </li>

        <li>X.509 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X.509">        Wikipedia Article </a> </li>

	<li><a href="http://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/pkix/charter/">	Public-Key Infrastructure (X.509) </a> PKIX Working Group Page</li>

        <li>Public key infrastructure <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_key_infrastructure">        Wikipedia Article </a> </li>

</ul>


<h1><a name="Sec8.6"></a>8.6  Communication Security </h1>

<ul>
        <li>IPsec<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPsec">        Wikipedia Article </a> </li>

	<li><a href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/network/bb531150.aspx">	IPsec</a> Short article with links to many technical documents	at <a href="http://technet.microsoft.com"> Microsoft</a> </li>

	<li><a href="http://unixwiz.net/techtips/iguide-ipsec.html"> An Illustrated	Guide to IPsec</a> Describes how IPsec works, with many illustrations</li>

        <li>HMAC<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAC">        Wikipedia Article </a> </li>

        <li>Message authentication code<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_authentication_code">        Wikipedia Article </a> </li>

	<li><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2406.txt">RFC 2406</a>	Describing IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) </li>

	<li><a href="http://www.tcpipguide.com/free/t_IPSecEncapsulatingSecurityPayloadESP.htm">	IPSec Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) </a> A brief guide	from <a href="http://www.tcpipguide.com"> tcpipguide.com</a> </li>

        <li>DMZ<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMZ_(computing)">        Wikipedia Article </a> </li>

	<li><a href="http://compnetworking.about.com/cs/networksecurity/g/bldef_dmz.htm">DMZ -	Demilitarized Zone in Computer Networking</a> Short article with related links	from <a href="http://compnetworking.about.com"> about.com</a> </li>


	<li><a name="VPN"></a>Virtual Private Networks</li>
	<ul>
		<li><a href="http://www.howstuffworks.com/vpn.htm">How		Virtual Private Networks Work</a> description		from <a href="http://www.howstuffworks.com">		HowStuffWorks</a></li>

		<li><a href="http://compnetworking.about.com/od/vpn/VPN_Virtual_Private_Networking.htm">		VPN - Virtual Private Networking</a> links to resources,		including free VPN software</li>

		<li><a href="http://openvpn.net">OpenVPN</a> Virtual		Private Network software for many platforms</li>

		<li><a href="http://www.vpnc.org/">Virtual Private Network		Consortium (VPNC)</a> International trade association		for VPN manufacterers</li>

		<li><a		href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/network/bb545442.aspx">		Virtual Private Networks</a> Links to VPN support in		Microsoft Windows</li>

		<li> VPN <a		href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_network">		Wikipedia Article</a> </li>

	</ul>

	<li><a name="WirelessSecurity"></a>Wireless Security</li>

	<ul>
		<li> 802.11i <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11i-2004">		Wikipedia Article</a> </li>

		<li><a href="http://www.tech-faq.com/80211i.html">802.11i</a> Article		from <a href="http://www.tech-faq.com"> tech-faq.com</a> </li>

		<li>Wi-Fi Protected Access <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi_Protected_Access">

		<a href="http://www.wi-fi.org/knowledge_center/wpa2">WPA2		(Wi-Fi Protected Access 2)</a> Press releases and		related links from <a href="http://www.wi-fi.org">		wi-fi.org</a> </li>

		<li> Wired Equivalent Privacy<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired_Equivalent_Privacy">		Wikipedia Article</a> </li>

		<li><a		href="http://www.isaac.cs.berkeley.edu/isaac/wep-faq.html">Security		of the WEP algorithm </a> Article identifying flaws in		WEP, by <a href="http://www.isaac.cs.berkeley.edu"> the		Internet Security, Applications, Authentication		and Cryptography research group</a>, at <a		href="http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/"> UC Berkeley Computer		Science </a> </li>

		<li><a		href="http://www.bluetooth.com/English/Technology/Works/Pages/Security.aspx">		Bluetooth Security</a> Brief description at <a		href="http://www.bluetooth.com"> bluetooth.com</a> </li>

	</ul>

</ul>


<h1><a name="Sec8.7"></a>8.7  Authentication Protocols </h1>

<ul>
        <li><a href="http://www.internationalauthenticationassociation.org/">        International Authentication Association</a> Industry        consortium for companies involved in the development and use of        authentication technologies, systems and services. </li>

        <li><a href="http://www.biometrics.org/">Biometrics Consortium</a>        U.S.  government group researching biometric technology</li>

        <li><a href="http://www.cs.columbia.edu/%7Ehgs/internet/biometrics.html">Biometrics        Links</a> To university labs and equipment vendors</li>

        <li><a href="http://www.ieee802.org/1/pages/802.1x.html">IEEE        802.11x</a> and <a        href="http://www.ieee802.org/1/pages/802.1aa.html">802.11aa</a>        IEEE standards for authentication</li>

        <li><a href="http://web.mit.edu/kerberos/www/">Kerberos: The        Network Authentication Protocol</a> Official page from its        inventors, MIT</li>

        <li><a href="http://www.projectliberty.org/">Liberty Alliance</a>        Distributed authentication project comprising more than 100        organizations and corporations</li>

        <li><a href="http://www.pki-page.org/"> The PKI Page </a> Info        on Public Key Infrastructure and digital signatures</li>

        <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authentication">        Wikipedia Article </a> </li>

</ul>


<h1><a name="Sec8.8"></a>8.8  Email Security </h1>

<ul>

        <li>Pretty Good Privacy<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretty_Good_Privacy">        Wikipedia Article </a> </li>

	<li><a href="http://www.gnupg.org/">GnuPG</a> The GNU Privacy Guard </li>
	<li><a href="http://www.openpgp.org/">The OpenPGP Alliance</a> </li>

	<li><a href="http://email.about.com/cs/pgp/a/public_key_enc.htm"> How Public Key	Encryption Works - About Email</a>	from <a href="http://email.about.com"> about.com</a> </li>

        <li>S/MIME<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S/MIME">        Wikipedia Article </a> </li>

        <li><a href="http://www.andrebacard.com/remail.html">Anonymous        Remailer FAQ</a> Some information and links about anonymous        remailers</li>


</ul>


<h1><a name="Sec8.9"></a>8.9  Web Security </h1>

<ul>
	<li><a href="http://www.w3.org/Security/Faq/">The World Wide Web Security FAQ	</a> Long list of frequently-asked questions/answers on Web security</li>

	<li><a href="http://code.google.com/edu/security/index.html">Web Security</a>	Links to course content on web security at <a href="http://www.google.com">Google </a> </li>

        <li>Secure Sockets Layer<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Sockets_Layer">        Wikipedia Article </a> </li>


	<li><a name="Virus"></a>Viruses and Malware</li>

	<ul>

		<li><a href="http://home.mcafee.com/VirusInfo/Glossary.aspx">		Glossary of Virus Terms</a> from <a		href="http://www.mcafee.com/">McAfee</a></li>

		<li><a href="http://www.virusbtn.com/">Virus Bulletin</a>		Virus updates, independent of anti-virus software		vendors</li>

		<li><a href="http://www.securelist.com/">Virus		Encyclopedia</a> From <a		href="http://www.kaspersky.com/">Kaspersky		Anti-virus</a></li>

		<li><a href="http://www.vmyths.com/">Vmyths</a>		Information on virus hoaxes, urban legends and		scaremongering</li>

	</ul>
</ul>


<h1><a name="Sec8.10"></a>8.10 Social Issues </h1>

<ul>

        <li><a href="http://www.andrebacard.com/remail.html">Anonymous        Remailer FAQ</a> Some information and links about anonymous        remailers</li>

        <li><a href="http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20060622/2350220.shtml">        Article about the Felten-DCMA Case</a> from <a        href="http://www.techdirt.com">Tech Dirt</a></li>

        <li><a href="http://fairuse.stanford.edu/">Copyright and Fair        Use</a> From the Stanford University Library</li>

        <li><a href="http://www.eff.org/search?text=dmca">DMCA links</a>        and <a href="http://www.eff.org/search?text=dmca+cases">DMCA        cases</a> From the Electronic Frontier Foundation</li>

        <li><a href="http://www.ncac.org/internet/filters.cfm">Internet        Filters</a> How the most popular ones actually work</li>

        <li><a href="http://www.eff.org/search?text=internet+freedom+of+speech+cases">Internet        Freedom of Speech Cases</a> - From the Electronic Frontier        Foundation</li>

        <li><a href="http://www.aclu.org/search/internet%20freedom%20of%20speech%20cases?show_aff=1">Internet        Freedom of Speech Cases</a> From the American Civil Liberties        Union</li>

        <li><a href="http://www.ncac.org">National Coalition Against        Censorship</a></li>


        <li><a name="Steganography"></a>Steganography:</li>

	<ul>
		<li><a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/%7Efapp2/steganography/">		Information Hiding Home Page</a> From the University		of Cambridge</li>

		<li><a href="http://www.stegoarchive.com/">Stegoarchive.com</a>		Many links to steganography resources</li>

		<li><a href="http://www.jjtc.com/Steganography/tools.html">		Steganography Software</a> Extensive list of software		tools from <a href="http://www.jjtc.com/neil/"> Neil		F. Johnson</a> </li>

		<li><a href="http://www.symantec.com/connect/articles/steganography-revealed">		Steganography Revealed</a> from <a		href="http://www.symantec.com">Symantec</a> </li>

		<li> Steganography <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steganography">		Wikipedia Article</a> </li>
	</ul>


        <li><a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/%7Erja14/tcpa-faq.html">TCPA/Palladium        FAQ</a> From Ross Anderson</li>

        <li><a href="http://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-people/199609/msg00026.html">Why        Type 1 Anonymous Remailers Were Abandoned</a> From the Washington        Post</li>

        <li><a href="http://news.cnet.com/2010-1069-980325.html">        Perspective: RFID tags: Big Brother in small packages</a>        Opinion article from <a href="http://news.cnet.com">CNET</a></li>

        <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/turingtest/">Inaccessibility        of CAPTCHA</a>  W3C article describing some of the drawbacks to        use of Captchas.</li>

        <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_neutrality">        Network Neutrality</a> Wikipedia article discussing the        principle that advocates no Government/ISP restrictions on        Internet communication.</li>

        <li><a href="http://www.antiphishing.org/">Anti Phishing Working        Group</a> Organization against Internet Scams and Fraud</li>        <li>Phishing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phishing">        Wikipedia Article</a> </li>

	<a href="http://www.abanet.org/scitech/ec/isc/dsg-tutorial.html">Digital Signature	Guidelines</a> Legal tutorial/discussion at the <a href="http://www.abanet.org">	American Bar Association</a> </li>


	<li><a name="Privacy"></a>Privacy:</li>
	<ul>
		<li> <a href="http://www.howstuffworks.com/carnivore.htm">		Historical information about Carnivore</a>		at <a href="http://www.howstuffworks.com">		howstuffworks.com </a> and <a		href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnivore_%28software%29">Wikipedia</a></li>

		<li><a href="http://www.aclu.org/echelonwatch/faq.html">		Echelon FAQ</a> Info on the secret global spy network</li>

		<li><a href="http://www.eff.org/">Electronic Frontier		Foundation (EFF)</a> Campaigns for online privacy and		other rights</li>

		<li><a href="http://www.spybusters.com/mbsc1.html">		Espionage 101</a> Introduction to electronic industrial		espionage</li>

		<li><a href="http://www.w3.org/P3P/">Platform for Privacy		Preferences (P3P)</a> Privacy polices in XML</li>

		<li><a href="http://www.epic.org/privacy/tools.html">		Practical Privacy</a> Online guide, from <a		href="http://www.epic.org/">EPIC</a></li>

		<li><a href="http://www.privacy.net/analyze/">Privacy.Net</a>		Real-time tool that tests browsers to see how much data		they reveal</li>

		<li> Wikipedia articles on <a		href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_privacy">		Internet privacy </a> and <a		href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_logging">		data logging</a>.</li>

		<li><a href="http://www.privacyalliance.org/"> The		Online Privacy Alliance</a> Association of corporations		in support of self-regulation toward online privacy.</li>

		<li><a href="http://www.eskimo.com/%7Ejoelm/tempest.html">		Tempest Information Page</a> Are all networks vulnerable to		wireless sniffers?  Archival page.</li>

	</ul>

</ul>

<p>&copy; 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.</p>
