<h1>
	Summer Session II (July 9 - Aug 10):<br />
	Pacific Rim</h1>
<h2>
	<a name="Global Development"></a>International Development and Environmental Sustainability (Biol/Geog 304)</h2>
<p>
	Environmental analysis and natural resources in relation to society and development issues. The focus of 304 is on ecological sustainability and sustainable society in the context of various factors that are bringing environmental degradation and impoverishment to people and cultures. It deals with topics of tropical agriculture, hunger, poverty, international debt, appropriate technology, relief programs, missionary earthkeeping, conservation of wild nature, land tenure, and land stewardship. It employs a discussion format both in classroom and field settings. Its emphasis is on grappling with difficult practical and ethical problems and issues that require deep and persistent thought. (4 credits; 100 course hours)</p>
<p style="text-align: right;">
	Tues/Fri; Field, Applied, Interdisciplinary<br />
	Faculty: <a href="/courses/faculty_and_fellows/#Dr.%20Michael%20Ferber">Michael Ferber</a></p>
<h2>
	<a name="Marine Mammals"></a>Marine Mammals (Biol 359)</h2>
<p>
	Biology, behavior, ecology, identification, and conservation of the marine mammals of the Pacific Rim. This study area covers some major habitats in Puget Sound and the Salish Sea, with attention to the diving physiology, social behavior, and communications of whales and seals. The course aims to develop a stewardship perspective rooted in biological principles and directed at the global conservation of marine mammals and their ecosystems. Special attention is given to their use by cultures of the region in order to understand current issues. Prerequisite: one year of general biology or one semester of zoology. A course in anatomy and/or physiology is recommended. (4 credits; 100 course hours)</p>
<p style="text-align: right;">
	Tues/Fri; Field course<br />
	Faculty&nbsp;</p>
<p>
	&nbsp;</p>
<h2>
	<a name="Alpine Ecology"></a>Alpine Ecology (Biol 478)</h2>
<p>
	Ecology of the mountains of the Pacific Northwest, with particular attention to adaptation of plant and animal life to montane climates and altitudes, and analysis and interpretation of altitudinal zonation of biotic communities with applications to latitudinal biogeography. Also included are topics of physiological responses of organisms to reduced oxygen levels, low temperatures, and high altitude radiation regimes. Field work includes on-site studies in the Olympic Mountains of the Olympic Peninsula.</p>
<p style="text-align: right;">
	Tues/Fri; Field course<br />
	Faculty: <a href="/courses/faculty_and_fellows/#Dr.%20Eric%20Steinkamp">Eric Steinkamp</a></p>
<h2>
	<span style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span><span id="cke_bm_133S" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 18px;"><a name="Ecological Agriculture"></a>Ecological Agriculture (Biol/Agric/Geog 303)</span><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span id="cke_bm_133E" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span><span style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span></span></h2>
<p>
	Ecological Agriculture focuses on how agricultural systems can be developed to better resemble natural ecosystems to achieve multiple outcomes: food for communities, a vibrant economy, and healthy ecosystems. Focus is on learning agricultural principles that can be applied in rural, urban, temperate, and tropical settings. Issues of justice and public policy are also discussed. This course employs a discussion format both in classroom and field settings. It grapples with difficult, practical, and ethical problems and issues that require deep interdisciplinary analysis.&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: right; ">
	Mon/Thurs; Field, Applied, interdisciplinary<br />
	Faculty: <a href="/courses/faculty_and_fellows/#Dr.%20Ronald%20Vos">Ronald Vos</a></p>
<h2>
	<a name="Marine Biology"></a>Marine Biology (Biol 318)</h2>
<p style="text-align: left; ">
	Marine Biology focuses on intertidal life and marine ecology in oceanic and geophysical context. &nbsp;Students study the biology of marine plants and animals in the field, specifically trophic dynamic relationships of eel grass communities and the intertidal zone, workings of the island systems of Puget Sound, ecological roles of sea birds and fishes, population and community structure dynamics, exploitation and oceanic microbialization, and biogeochemical processes and their linkages with the biosphere. Marine stewardship and effects of human activity on the marine environment are integral to the course. Prerequisites: General biology or permission of professor.</p>
<p style="text-align: right; ">
	Mon/Thurs; Field<br />
	Faculty: <a href="/courses/faculty_and_fellows/#Dr.%20Tim%20Wakefield">Tim Wakefield</a></p>
<h2>
	Forest Ecology (Biol 368)</h2>
<p>
	The Pacific Northwest is home to towering lowland temperate rain forests, montane forests on the slopes of the Cascades, and subalpine parkland near treeline in the Olympics. Join us as we study the abiotic environment, species interactions, and ecosystem processes in these contrasting forest ecosystems. Research approaches relevant to forest systems will be introduced. Quantitative skills including data collection, management, and basic analysis will be emphasized. Prerequisite: one year of biology.&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: right;">
	Mon/Thurs; Field, Applied, Interdisciplinary<br />
	Faculty: Andrea and Eric Nord</p>
